Hippotherium: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m Open access bot: hdl added to citation with #oabot. |
→Species: added refs and information |
||
| (5 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Hippotherium''''' is an extinct [[genus]] of [[Equidae|horse]] that lived in during the [[Miocene]] through [[Pliocene]] ~13.65—6.7 [[Mya (unit)|Mya]], existing for {{Mya|13.65-6.7|million years}}. |
'''''Hippotherium''''' is an [[Extinction|extinct]] [[genus]] of [[Equidae|horse]] that lived in during the [[Miocene]] through [[Pliocene]] ~13.65—6.7 [[Mya (unit)|Mya]], existing for {{Mya|13.65-6.7|million years}}. |
||
The last known surviving ''Hippotherium'' was ''H. malpassii'', found in Italy.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825221002853|title=Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103784|hdl=10138/335765|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
The last known surviving ''Hippotherium'' was ''H. malpassii'', found in Italy.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825221002853|title=Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology|date=2021 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103784|hdl=10138/335765|hdl-access=free |last1=Bernor |first1=Raymond L. |last2=Kaya |first2=Ferhat |last3=Kaakinen |first3=Anu |last4=Saarinen |first4=Juha |last5=Fortelius |first5=Mikael |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=221 |bibcode=2021ESRv..22103784B |s2cid=239657555 }}</ref> |
||
== Species == |
== Species == |
||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
[[File:Hipparion primigenius 01.jpg|thumb|right|Skeleton of ''H. primigenius'']] |
[[File:Hipparion primigenius 01.jpg|thumb|right|Skeleton of ''H. primigenius'']] |
||
The type species, ''H. |
The type species, ''H. primigenium'', is known from Miocene deposits in Europe (e.g., the [[Hegau]] region in southern Germany)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bernor |first1=Raymond L. |last2=Tobien |first2=Heinz |last3=Hayek |first3=Lee-Ann C. |last4=Mittmann |first4=Hans-Walter |date=1997 |title=''Hippotherium primigenium'' (Equidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Höwenegg (Hegau, Germany) |journal=Andrias |volume=10 |pages=1–230}}</ref> and the Middle East, while the species ''H. koenigswaldi'' and ''H. catalaunicum'' have been found in Miocene deposits in Spain.{{cn|date=February 2020}} The Asian hipparionin ''"Hipparion" weihoense'' from early Late Miocene deposits in northern China has also been referred to the genus.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bernor |first1=Raymond L. |last2=Wang |first2=Shiqi |last3=Liu |first3=Yan |last4=Chen |first4=Yu |last5=Sun |first5=Boyang |date=2018 |title=''Shanxihippus dermatorhinus'' comb. nov. with comparisons to old world hipparions with specialized nasal apparati |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume=124 |issue=2 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.13130/2039-4942/10202}}</ref> |
||
== Diet == |
|||
''H. primigenium'' was a [[Generalist and specialist species|generalist]] feeder which frequently browsed but could also exploit [[grasses]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tütken |first1=Thomas |last2=Kaiser |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Vennemann |first3=Torsten |last4=Merceron |first4=Gildas |date=11 September 2013 |editor-last=Ungar |editor-first=Peter Stuart |title=Opportunistic Feeding Strategy for the Earliest Old World Hypsodont Equids: Evidence from Stable Isotope and Dental Wear Proxies |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |language=en |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=e74463 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0074463 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3770545 |pmid=24040254 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...874463T }}</ref> |
|||
==Fossil distribution== |
==Fossil distribution== |
||
| Line 45: | Line 48: | ||
[[Category:Neogene mammals of Africa]] |
[[Category:Neogene mammals of Africa]] |
||
[[Category:Neogene mammals of Asia]] |
[[Category:Neogene mammals of Asia]] |
||
[[Category:Miocene |
[[Category:Miocene Perissodactyla]] |
||
[[Category:Pliocene horses]] |
[[Category:Pliocene horses]] |
||
[[Category:Pliocene extinctions]] |
[[Category:Pliocene extinctions]] |
||
| Line 51: | Line 54: | ||
[[Category:Miocene genus first appearances]] |
[[Category:Miocene genus first appearances]] |
||
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1832]] |
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1832]] |
||
[[Category:Hipparionini]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 13:33, 2 June 2024
| Hippotherium Temporal range: Middle to Late Miocene
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Skeleton of Hippotherium primigenium, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Equidae |
| Subfamily: | Equinae |
| Tribe: | †Hipparionini |
| Genus: | †Hippotherium Kaup, 1832 |
| Species | |
| |
Hippotherium is an extinct genus of horse that lived in during the Miocene through Pliocene ~13.65—6.7 Mya, existing for 6.95 million years.
The last known surviving Hippotherium was H. malpassii, found in Italy.[1]
Species
[edit]
The type species, H. primigenium, is known from Miocene deposits in Europe (e.g., the Hegau region in southern Germany)[2] and the Middle East, while the species H. koenigswaldi and H. catalaunicum have been found in Miocene deposits in Spain.[citation needed] The Asian hipparionin "Hipparion" weihoense from early Late Miocene deposits in northern China has also been referred to the genus.[3]
Diet
[edit]H. primigenium was a generalist feeder which frequently browsed but could also exploit grasses.[4]
Fossil distribution
[edit]- Doue-la-Fontaine France estimated age: ~13.65—7.25 Mya.
- Lower Bakhtiari Formation, northern Iraq, estimated age: ~11.6—9.0 Mya.
- Kurtchuk-Tchekmedje, Turkey estimated age: ~11.61—5.33 Mya.
References
[edit]- ^ Bernor, Raymond L.; Kaya, Ferhat; Kaakinen, Anu; Saarinen, Juha; Fortelius, Mikael (2021). "Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology". Earth-Science Reviews. 221. Bibcode:2021ESRv..22103784B. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103784. hdl:10138/335765. S2CID 239657555.
- ^ Bernor, Raymond L.; Tobien, Heinz; Hayek, Lee-Ann C.; Mittmann, Hans-Walter (1997). "Hippotherium primigenium (Equidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Höwenegg (Hegau, Germany)". Andrias. 10: 1–230.
- ^ Bernor, Raymond L.; Wang, Shiqi; Liu, Yan; Chen, Yu; Sun, Boyang (2018). "Shanxihippus dermatorhinus comb. nov. with comparisons to old world hipparions with specialized nasal apparati". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 124 (2): 361–386. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/10202.
- ^ Tütken, Thomas; Kaiser, Thomas M.; Vennemann, Torsten; Merceron, Gildas (11 September 2013). Ungar, Peter Stuart (ed.). "Opportunistic Feeding Strategy for the Earliest Old World Hypsodont Equids: Evidence from Stable Isotope and Dental Wear Proxies". PLoS ONE. 8 (9): e74463. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...874463T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074463. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3770545. PMID 24040254.
