Ignaz Anton Demeter: Difference between revisions
another couple of lines from German wiki and sources |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Alter: template type. Add: series, chapter, chapter-url. Removed or converted URL. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by BorgQueen | Category:1842 deaths | #UCB_Category 296/732 |
||
(47 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| caption = Archbishop Ignaz Anton Demeter |
| caption = Archbishop Ignaz Anton Demeter |
||
| image_size = 295px |
| image_size = 295px |
||
| image_flag = |
|||
| birth_name = |
| birth_name = |
||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1773|8|1|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1773|8|1|df=y}} |
||
Line 11: | Line 10: | ||
| death_place = [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] |
| death_place = [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] |
||
| party = |
| party = |
||
| occupation = [[Archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg| |
| occupation = [[Archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg|Freiburg i. B.]] |
||
| alma_mater = Dillingen |
| alma_mater = Dillingen |
||
| parents = |
| parents = |
||
| spouse = |
| spouse = |
||
| predecessor = |
| predecessor = [[Bernhard Boll]] |
||
| successor = [[Hermann von Vicari]] |
| successor = [[Hermann von Vicari]] |
||
| children = |
| children = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Ignaz Anton Demeter''' (1 August 1773 – 21 March 1842) was a [[Roman Catholic]] priest, talented as a teacher and church musician, who served as the [[ |
'''Ignaz Anton Demeter''' (1 August 1773 – 21 March 1842) was a [[Roman Catholic]] priest, talented as a teacher and church musician, who served as the [[archbishop]] of [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] from 1836 till his death five years later.<ref name=IADlautAPB>{{cite web|title=21. März: Ignaz Anton Demeter: Als Priester, Pädagoge und Kirchenmusiker war Ignaz Anton Demeter eine angesehene und respektierte Persönlichkeit gewesen. Als Erzbischof sollte ihm diese Anerkennung jedoch verwehrt bleiben. |url=http://konradsblatt-online.de/html/liste/liste.html?&tab=detail&scene=detail&m=23041&e=24626&id=213| publisher=Konradsblattes, der Wochenzeitung für das Erzbistum Freiburg|author=Anna Patrizia Baxla|accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=IADlautHPM>{{cite web|title=Ignaz Anton Demeter: Mann mit Visionen und berufener Pädagoge|url=http://www.ids-lautlingen.de/ignazantondemeter.html |author=Heiko Peter Melle|publisher=Ignaz-Demeter-Schule Lautlingen Grund-, Haupt- und Werkrealschule, Albstadt-Lautlingen}}</ref><ref name=IADlautADB>{{cite book|title=Demeter: Ignaz Anton D., Erzbischof von Freiburg, geboren am ... |chapter-url=https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Demeter,_Ignaz|author=Friedrich von Weech|chapter=Demeter, Ignaz Anton |author-link=:de:Friedrich von Weech| volume=5| date=1877| page=46|series=Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie |publisher=Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig|accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
==Life== |
==Life== |
||
===Early years=== |
===Early years=== |
||
Ignaz Anton |
Ignaz Anton Demeter was born at [[Augsburg]] in the summer of 1773. His parents, Johann Nepomuk Demeter and his wife Eleonore were master-bakers. Ignaz Anton was the eldest of approximately twelve children, although five of his siblings died before reaching their first birthdays. His father, Johann Nepomuk Demeter was originally from [[Höchstädt an der Donau]], across the [[Danube|river]] and then in the [[Palatinate-Neuburg|Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg]]. His mother was from Augsburg.<ref name=IADlautNDB>{{cite web|url=http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz9632.html|title=Demeter, Ignaz Anton: Erzbischof von Freiburg, * 1.8.1773 Augsburg, † 21.3.1842 Freiburg (Breisgau)|author=Wolfgang Müller |work=[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]|volume=3 |publisher=Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities|date=1957|page=591|accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
Even as a teenager Demeter composed some music. |
Even as a teenager Demeter composed some music. He played the [[violin]], [['cello]] and, more unusually, a [[double reed]] wind instrument, the [[bassoon]]. In addition to his activities as an instrumentalist he sang as a chorister at the [[Augsburg Cathedral|cathedral]].<ref name=IADlautAPB/> Ignaz later moved on from Augsburg, but a friend and contemporary from his childhood, Anton Böhm, stayed and set up a music publishing business in the city, later dedicating a mass that he published to his childhood friend, Ignaz Demeter. |
||
Ignaz Anton Demeter's attended the city school in Augsburg and the [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] Salvator Gymnasium (cathedral school). |
Ignaz Anton Demeter's attended the city school in Augsburg and the [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] Salvator Gymnasium (cathedral school). His love of music was complemented by a love of foreign languages, for which he won a school prize. He won the prize after praying for it to the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Blessed Virgin Mary]], and for the rest of his life he would remember that his prayer had been heard. In 1793, through a combination of perseverance and ability he won a place at the [[University of Dillingen|St. Bartholomew Institute (''Bartholomäerinstitut'')]] at [[Dillingen an der Donau|Dillingen]]. |
||
It was at Dillingen that he got to know the distinguished theologian [[Johann Michael Sailer]], who also tutored him. |
It was at Dillingen that he got to know the distinguished theologian [[Johann Michael Sailer]], who also tutored him. Sailer's pietist revivalism ({{lang|de|Erweckungsbewegung}}) influenced him deeply. Sailer's followers placed the gospels at the heart of their beliefs, but were nevertheless keen to avoid any form of sectarianism or separatism. Pure in heart and filled with good intentions, they nevertheless attracted persecution on various grounds, most of which had little to do with faith or belief. |
||
It was Sailer who spotted Ignaz Demeter's talent for teaching. |
It was Sailer who spotted Ignaz Demeter's talent for teaching. The local lord of the time and place, Baron Schenk von Stauffenberg, provided a stipendium which enabled him to study for the priesthood, and three years later, slightly more than a week after his twentieth birthday, Ignaz Anton Demeter was ordained into the priesthood on 10 August 1796.<ref name=IADlautHPM/> He celebrated his first mass in his home city of Augsburg. |
||
===First parishes=== |
===First parishes=== |
||
After this he worked as a curate in Ried, which was part of the ecclesiastical [[Jettingen-Scheppach|Jettingen]] district. |
After this he worked as a curate in Ried, which was part of the ecclesiastical [[Jettingen-Scheppach|Jettingen]] district. Other incumbents in the district included [[Christoph von Schmid]] and [[Martin Boos]]. They, like Demeter,<ref name=IADlautHPM/> were admirers of [[Johann Michael Sailer|Sailer]], and followers of his ideas. However, the times were not yet ready for Sailer's ideas, which were still viewed with deep suspicion, especially in the more rural areas. Also during this period Demeter embarked upon which became a lengthy correspondence with the reformer [[Johannes Gossner]], who was another alumnus of Dillingen. The correspondence testifies to Demeter's spiritual development and deep inner religiosity, although in the end their paths would diverge. [[Johannes Gossner|Gossner]] became a Protestant in 1826. |
||
On 11 February 1802, on the recommendation of his |
On 11 February 1802, on the recommendation of his sponsor from his time at university, Baron Schenk von Stauffenberg, Demeter was presented the incumbency of [[:de:Lautlingen|Lautlingen]] and [[:de:Margrethausen|Margrethausen]] in the [[Ochsenberg (Swabian Jura)|Swabian Jura]]. He moved into his new parish with his third sister, Maria Viktoria Josepha, who managed household matters for him.<ref name=IADlautHPM/> Lautlingen already had a school, but it operated only during the winter season because the agricultural economy of the place needed everyone working on the land through the summer. Demeter later wrote that he was the first one to introduce a structured curriculum to it.<ref name=IADuSchuleLautSchule>{{cite web|url=http://www.hpmelle.de/schule.html|title=Schulbetrieb in Lautlingen|accessdate=23 December 2015|publisher=Ignaz-Demeter-Schule Lautlingen Grund-, Haupt- und Werkrealschule, Albstadt-Lautlingen}}</ref> By imposing a structured approach and providing the teaching himself Demeter achieved remarkable improvements in the standard of education. On the musical front there had been a church choir of sorts since at least as far back as 1780, but Demeter's background at the Augsburg cathedral school and his intense musicality enabled him to transform the standard. |
||
===Rastatt=== |
===Rastatt=== |
||
The transformations achieved in his village parish did not go unnoticed, and in 1808, at the instigation of [[Ignaz Heinrich von |
The transformations achieved in his village parish did not go unnoticed, and in 1808, at the instigation of [[Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg|Vicar General von Wessenburg]], Demeter was transferred to the parish of [[Rastatt]], where he was also made a deacon and director of the newly organised Teaching seminary, along with other education related duties.<ref name=IADlautADB/> He also found time while in Rastatt to produce several school textbooks, though little trace of these remains due to the destructive chaos imposed by subsequent warfare. |
||
===Sasbach=== |
|||
Direktor des Lehrerseminars und Stadtpfarrer in Rastatt |
|||
On 29 October 1818, Demeter was moved to [[Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl|Sasbach]]. The transfer came at his own request, as a result of illness. At Sasbach he was appointed "Definitor" in 1819 and deacon in 1831. A rich body of material on the time he spent in Demeter survives in the archives. A defining theme was the enthusiastic expansion of church music across the region, for which he was also successful in obtaining funding. In 1826 he was appointed by the [[Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden|Grand Duke]] a councillor of the "Catholic Church section" of the Interior Ministry for [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]].<ref name=IgnazlautIgnaz>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gR_GQgeQc54C&q=Ignaz+Anton+Demeter+1818&pg=PA704|pages=703–705|title= Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg (letter from him dated 1817 with notes and commentary) |work=Sämtliche Briefe an Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: Kritische Ausgabe |volume=4: 1814-July 1817|editor1=Rebekka Horlacher |editor2=Daniel Tröhler |date=2012 |publisher=Verlag Neuer Zürcher Zeitung De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-03823-757-0}}</ref> The appointment required him to be based in [[Karlsruhe]], and he stayed only a year before returning to his parish at Sasbach, but there is abundant evidence in the archives that his relations with the Grand Duke remained more than cordial up till the latter's death in 1830. |
|||
===Freiburg=== |
|||
In Rastatt übernahm er, nach Fürsprache und Protektion von Generalvikar Ignaz Heinrich Freiherr von Wessenberg, sein neues Amt als Direktor des Lehrerseminars, als Professor für Pädagogik am Gymnasium und Schulvisitator für Stadt und Land. Gleichzeitig war er aber auch noch Stadtpfarrer und Dekan in Rastatt. Dies war die Zeit, in der Ignaz Anton Demeter seine pädagogischen Veröffentlichungen teils erneut herausgab bzw. neue Bücher schrieb und verlegen ließ. Infolge der Kriegswirren ist beim Herder-Verlag in Freiburg nur noch ein einziges Exemplar aus Demeters Zeit vorhanden. Diese Veröffentlichungen erlangten hohen Bekanntheitsgrad und waren maßgeblich für die Ausbildung neuer Schullehrer. |
|||
The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg]] was created only 1821. The first archbishop, [[Bernhard Boll]], summoned Demeter to join the [[Freiburg im Breisgau|Freiburg]] [[Cathedral chapter]] as a priest ({{lang|de|Dompfarrer}}) in 1833. There followed almost immediately a foretaste of the political ructions within the chapter which would be a feature, at Freiburg, of the final nine years of Demeter's life. Demeter moved to Freiburg accompanied by his nephew, the scholar-priest Adolf Pfister, whose support he valued. There was immediate uproar in the chapter and the local church news sheet sharply criticised the nepotism involved and Demeter's "nephew household" ({{lang|de|Vetternwirtschaft}}). Keen to avoid further difficulties for Demeter, Pfister left Freiburg, returning to live with his parents, and later securing an appointment as priest at Steinhofen (today subsumed into [[Bisingen]]). |
|||
As Minster priest ({{lang|de|Münsterpfarrer}}) he lost no time in updating the liturgy, which in 1833 was embellished with large amounts of flowery and sugary syntax, of which he purged it. Demeter had no academic training as a liturgical scholar, but he was a natural musician and a committed pastor with his body and soul. Within a year this sixty year old rural outsider had completely reworked the cathedral liturgy. Unsurprisingly his changes encountered stiff opposition from some of his fellow cathedral clerics. Demeter fought his corner, and when he warned against clerical egotism ({{lang|de|egoismus clericalis}}) he probably had a point. |
|||
<!--- |
|||
Archbishop Boll died in March 1836. The cathedral chapter had several candidates in mind to succeed him including, notably, [[Hermann von Vicari]]. Ignaz Anton Demeter himself had no wish to put his own forward. However, with no consensus forming round any of the existing candidates, Demeter was urged to stand for election by the secular authorities who strongly and repeatedly endorsed his candidature through a succession of elections. Eventually, on 11 May 1836, Ignaz Anton Demeter received the overall majority of votes required and was elected archbishop of Freiburg.<ref name=IADlautADB/> |
|||
---> |
|||
For his motto Demeter chose the somewhat portentous assertion "This will be the hour that brings me closer to death" ({{lang|de|Diese Stunde wird es sein, die mich dem Tode näher bringt}}). His incumbency as archbishop was characterised by strife. |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
||
{{s-start}} |
|||
{{s-rel|ca}} |
|||
{{s-bef|before=[[Bernhard Boll]]}} |
|||
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg|Archbishop of Freiburg]]|years=1836–1842}} |
|||
{{s-aft|after=[[Hermann von Vicari]]}} |
|||
{{s-end}} |
|||
{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Germany}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Demeter, Ignaz Anton}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Demeter, Ignaz Anton}} |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Archbishops of Freiburg]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops in the Grand Duchy of Baden]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]] |
||
[[Category:Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur]] |
|||
[[Category:People from Augsburg]] |
[[Category:People from Augsburg]] |
||
[[Category:1773 births]] |
[[Category:1773 births]] |
||
[[Category:1842 deaths]] |
[[Category:1842 deaths]] |
||
[[Category:18th-century German Roman Catholic priests]] |
|||
[[Category:Clergy from Bavaria]] |
Latest revision as of 12:27, 25 July 2023
Ignaz Anton Demeter | |
---|---|
Archbishop Ignaz Anton Demeter | |
Born | |
Died | 21 March 1842 | (aged 68)
Alma mater | Dillingen |
Occupation | Archbishop of Freiburg i. B. |
Predecessor | Bernhard Boll |
Successor | Hermann von Vicari |
Ignaz Anton Demeter (1 August 1773 – 21 March 1842) was a Roman Catholic priest, talented as a teacher and church musician, who served as the archbishop of Freiburg im Breisgau from 1836 till his death five years later.[1][2][3]
Life
[edit]Early years
[edit]Ignaz Anton Demeter was born at Augsburg in the summer of 1773. His parents, Johann Nepomuk Demeter and his wife Eleonore were master-bakers. Ignaz Anton was the eldest of approximately twelve children, although five of his siblings died before reaching their first birthdays. His father, Johann Nepomuk Demeter was originally from Höchstädt an der Donau, across the river and then in the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg. His mother was from Augsburg.[4]
Even as a teenager Demeter composed some music. He played the violin, 'cello and, more unusually, a double reed wind instrument, the bassoon. In addition to his activities as an instrumentalist he sang as a chorister at the cathedral.[1] Ignaz later moved on from Augsburg, but a friend and contemporary from his childhood, Anton Böhm, stayed and set up a music publishing business in the city, later dedicating a mass that he published to his childhood friend, Ignaz Demeter.
Ignaz Anton Demeter's attended the city school in Augsburg and the Benedictine Salvator Gymnasium (cathedral school). His love of music was complemented by a love of foreign languages, for which he won a school prize. He won the prize after praying for it to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and for the rest of his life he would remember that his prayer had been heard. In 1793, through a combination of perseverance and ability he won a place at the St. Bartholomew Institute (Bartholomäerinstitut) at Dillingen.
It was at Dillingen that he got to know the distinguished theologian Johann Michael Sailer, who also tutored him. Sailer's pietist revivalism (Erweckungsbewegung) influenced him deeply. Sailer's followers placed the gospels at the heart of their beliefs, but were nevertheless keen to avoid any form of sectarianism or separatism. Pure in heart and filled with good intentions, they nevertheless attracted persecution on various grounds, most of which had little to do with faith or belief.
It was Sailer who spotted Ignaz Demeter's talent for teaching. The local lord of the time and place, Baron Schenk von Stauffenberg, provided a stipendium which enabled him to study for the priesthood, and three years later, slightly more than a week after his twentieth birthday, Ignaz Anton Demeter was ordained into the priesthood on 10 August 1796.[2] He celebrated his first mass in his home city of Augsburg.
First parishes
[edit]After this he worked as a curate in Ried, which was part of the ecclesiastical Jettingen district. Other incumbents in the district included Christoph von Schmid and Martin Boos. They, like Demeter,[2] were admirers of Sailer, and followers of his ideas. However, the times were not yet ready for Sailer's ideas, which were still viewed with deep suspicion, especially in the more rural areas. Also during this period Demeter embarked upon which became a lengthy correspondence with the reformer Johannes Gossner, who was another alumnus of Dillingen. The correspondence testifies to Demeter's spiritual development and deep inner religiosity, although in the end their paths would diverge. Gossner became a Protestant in 1826.
On 11 February 1802, on the recommendation of his sponsor from his time at university, Baron Schenk von Stauffenberg, Demeter was presented the incumbency of Lautlingen and Margrethausen in the Swabian Jura. He moved into his new parish with his third sister, Maria Viktoria Josepha, who managed household matters for him.[2] Lautlingen already had a school, but it operated only during the winter season because the agricultural economy of the place needed everyone working on the land through the summer. Demeter later wrote that he was the first one to introduce a structured curriculum to it.[5] By imposing a structured approach and providing the teaching himself Demeter achieved remarkable improvements in the standard of education. On the musical front there had been a church choir of sorts since at least as far back as 1780, but Demeter's background at the Augsburg cathedral school and his intense musicality enabled him to transform the standard.
Rastatt
[edit]The transformations achieved in his village parish did not go unnoticed, and in 1808, at the instigation of Vicar General von Wessenburg, Demeter was transferred to the parish of Rastatt, where he was also made a deacon and director of the newly organised Teaching seminary, along with other education related duties.[3] He also found time while in Rastatt to produce several school textbooks, though little trace of these remains due to the destructive chaos imposed by subsequent warfare.
Sasbach
[edit]On 29 October 1818, Demeter was moved to Sasbach. The transfer came at his own request, as a result of illness. At Sasbach he was appointed "Definitor" in 1819 and deacon in 1831. A rich body of material on the time he spent in Demeter survives in the archives. A defining theme was the enthusiastic expansion of church music across the region, for which he was also successful in obtaining funding. In 1826 he was appointed by the Grand Duke a councillor of the "Catholic Church section" of the Interior Ministry for Baden.[6] The appointment required him to be based in Karlsruhe, and he stayed only a year before returning to his parish at Sasbach, but there is abundant evidence in the archives that his relations with the Grand Duke remained more than cordial up till the latter's death in 1830.
Freiburg
[edit]The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg was created only 1821. The first archbishop, Bernhard Boll, summoned Demeter to join the Freiburg Cathedral chapter as a priest (Dompfarrer) in 1833. There followed almost immediately a foretaste of the political ructions within the chapter which would be a feature, at Freiburg, of the final nine years of Demeter's life. Demeter moved to Freiburg accompanied by his nephew, the scholar-priest Adolf Pfister, whose support he valued. There was immediate uproar in the chapter and the local church news sheet sharply criticised the nepotism involved and Demeter's "nephew household" (Vetternwirtschaft). Keen to avoid further difficulties for Demeter, Pfister left Freiburg, returning to live with his parents, and later securing an appointment as priest at Steinhofen (today subsumed into Bisingen).
As Minster priest (Münsterpfarrer) he lost no time in updating the liturgy, which in 1833 was embellished with large amounts of flowery and sugary syntax, of which he purged it. Demeter had no academic training as a liturgical scholar, but he was a natural musician and a committed pastor with his body and soul. Within a year this sixty year old rural outsider had completely reworked the cathedral liturgy. Unsurprisingly his changes encountered stiff opposition from some of his fellow cathedral clerics. Demeter fought his corner, and when he warned against clerical egotism (egoismus clericalis) he probably had a point.
Archbishop Boll died in March 1836. The cathedral chapter had several candidates in mind to succeed him including, notably, Hermann von Vicari. Ignaz Anton Demeter himself had no wish to put his own forward. However, with no consensus forming round any of the existing candidates, Demeter was urged to stand for election by the secular authorities who strongly and repeatedly endorsed his candidature through a succession of elections. Eventually, on 11 May 1836, Ignaz Anton Demeter received the overall majority of votes required and was elected archbishop of Freiburg.[3]
For his motto Demeter chose the somewhat portentous assertion "This will be the hour that brings me closer to death" (Diese Stunde wird es sein, die mich dem Tode näher bringt). His incumbency as archbishop was characterised by strife.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Anna Patrizia Baxla. "21. März: Ignaz Anton Demeter: Als Priester, Pädagoge und Kirchenmusiker war Ignaz Anton Demeter eine angesehene und respektierte Persönlichkeit gewesen. Als Erzbischof sollte ihm diese Anerkennung jedoch verwehrt bleiben". Konradsblattes, der Wochenzeitung für das Erzbistum Freiburg. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d Heiko Peter Melle. "Ignaz Anton Demeter: Mann mit Visionen und berufener Pädagoge". Ignaz-Demeter-Schule Lautlingen Grund-, Haupt- und Werkrealschule, Albstadt-Lautlingen.
- ^ a b c Friedrich von Weech [in German] (1877). "Demeter, Ignaz Anton". Demeter: Ignaz Anton D., Erzbischof von Freiburg, geboren am ... Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Vol. 5. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig. p. 46. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
- ^ Wolfgang Müller (1957). "Demeter, Ignaz Anton: Erzbischof von Freiburg, * 1.8.1773 Augsburg, † 21.3.1842 Freiburg (Breisgau)". Neue Deutsche Biographie. Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. p. 591. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
- ^ "Schulbetrieb in Lautlingen". Ignaz-Demeter-Schule Lautlingen Grund-, Haupt- und Werkrealschule, Albstadt-Lautlingen. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ Rebekka Horlacher; Daniel Tröhler, eds. (2012). Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg (letter from him dated 1817 with notes and commentary). Vol. 4: 1814-July 1817. Verlag Neuer Zürcher Zeitung De Gruyter. pp. 703–705. ISBN 978-3-03823-757-0.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help)