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{{Short description|Species of holly}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Ilex mucronata BB-1913-2.png
| image = Ilex mucronata 5524944.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
| genus = Ilex
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
| species = mucronata
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) M.Powell, Savol., & [[Susyn M. Andrews|S.Andrews]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
⚫
| synonyms = ''Nemopanthus mucronatus''
|ordo = [[Aquifoliales]]
⚫
}}
|familia = [[Aquifoliaceae]]
⚫
|genus = ''[[Ilex]]''
⚫
|species = '''''I. mucronata'''''
|binomial = ''Ilex mucronata''
⚫
|binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) M.Powell, Savol., & S.Andrews
⚫
|synonyms = ''Nemopanthus mucronatus''
⚫
|}}


'''''Ilex mucronata''''' ('''mountain holly''' or '''catberry''') is a species of [[holly]] native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Minnesota, and south to Maryland and West Virginia.<ref name=grin>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?429925 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Ilex mucronata'']</ref>
'''''Ilex mucronata''''', the '''mountain holly''' or '''catberry''', is a species of [[holly]] native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Minnesota, and south to Maryland and West Virginia.<ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate = 10 January 2018}}</ref>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
It was formerly treated in its own monotypic genus as ''Nemopanthus mucronatus'' (L.) Loes., but transferred to ''Ilex'' on molecular data;<ref name=kb>Powell, M., Savolainen, V., Cuénod, P., Manen, J. F., & Andrews, S. (2000). The mountain holly (''Nemopanthus mucronatus'': Aquifoliaceae) revisited with molecular data. ''Kew Bulletin'' 55: 341-347.</ref> it is closely related to ''[[Ilex amelanchier]]''.<ref name=ajb>Gottlieb, A. M., Giberti, G. C., & Poggio, L. (2005). Molecular analyses of the genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) in southern South America, evidence from AFLP and ITS sequence data. ''Amer. J. Bot''. 92: 352-369. Available [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/92/2/352 online].</ref>
It was formerly treated in its own monotypic genus as ''Nemopanthus mucronatus'' (L.) Loes., known as "false holly", but transferred to ''Ilex'' on molecular data;<ref name=kb>{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=M.|author2-link=Vincent Savolainen|author3-link=Philippe Cuénoud|last2=Savolainen |first2=V. |last3=Cuénoud |first3=P. |last4=Manen |first4=J. F. |last5=Andrews |first5=S. |date=2000 |title=The mountain holly (''Nemopanthus mucronatus'': Aquifoliaceae) revisited with molecular data |periodical=Kew Bulletin |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=341–347 |doi=10.2307/4115646|jstor=4115646 }}</ref> it is closely related to ''[[Ilex amelanchier]]''.<ref name=ajb>{{cite journal |last1=Gottlieb |first1=A. M. |last2=Giberti |first2=G. C. |last3=Poggio |first3=L. |date=2005 |title=Molecular analyses of the genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) in southern South America, evidence from AFLP and ITS sequence data |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=352–369 |doi=10.3732/ajb.92.2.352 |pmid=21652411|hdl=20.500.12110/paper_00029122_v92_n2_p352_Gottlieb |hdl-access=free }}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
''Ilex mucronata'' is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] growing to 3 m (rarely 4 m) tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 1.5-7&nbsp;cm long and 1-3&nbsp;cm broad, with an entire or finely serrated margin and an acute apex, and a 0.5–2&nbsp;cm petiole. The [[flower]]s are inconspicuous, whitish to greenish-yellow, produced on slender peduncles 25&nbsp;mm or more long; it is usually [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female flowers on separate plants. The [[fruit]] is a red [[drupe]] 6–7&nbsp;mm diameter containing three to five pits.<ref name=nopd>Northern Ontario Plant Database: [http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/description.cfm?speciesid=1004027 ''Ilex mucronata''].</ref><ref name=bbg>Brooklyn Botanic Garden: [http://nymf.bbg.org/profile_species_tech.asp?id=295 ''Nemopanthus mucronatus''].</ref><ref name=swrpc>Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission: [http://www.sewrpc.org/environmental/plantguides/wetland_shrubs_supplement.pdf Supplement to key to common wetland shrubs of Wisconsin (pdf file)].</ref>
''Ilex mucronata'' is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] growing to 3 m (rarely 4 m) tall (or 6 to 10 feet high from the "Manual of Woody Landscape Plants" by Dr. Michael Dirr.) The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, elliptic to oblong, (1 to 2.5" long and 3/4's as wide) 1.5–7&nbsp;cm long and 1–3&nbsp;cm broad, with an entire or finely serrated margin and an acute apex, and a 0.5–2&nbsp;cm (1/4 to 1/2" long) petiole. The tiny [[flower]]s about 1/5" in diameter with 4 to 5 petals are inconspicuous, whitish to greenish-yellow, produced on slender peduncles 25&nbsp;mm or more long; it is usually [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female flowers on separate plants. The [[fruit]] is a red [[drupe]] 6–7&nbsp;mm (1/4 to 1/3") diameter containing three to five pits.<ref name=nopd>{{cite web |website=Northern Ontario Plant Database |url=http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/description.cfm?speciesid=1004027 |title=''Ilex mucronata'' |first=Susan J. |last=Meades}}</ref><ref name=bbg>{{cite web |title=''Nemopanthus mucronatus'' |url=http://nymf.bbg.org/profile_species_tech.asp?id=295 |first=Steven D. |last=Glenn |date=2013 |website=New York Metropolitan Flora Project |publisher=Brooklyn Botanic Garden}}</ref><ref name=swrpc>{{cite web |title=Supplement to key to common wetland shrubs of Wisconsin |first=L. A. |last=Leitner |publisher=Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission |url=http://www.sewrpc.org/environmental/plantguides/wetland_shrubs_supplement.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916035133/http://www.sewrpc.org/environmental/plantguides/wetland_shrubs_supplement.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-16 |access-date=2007-10-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Habitat==
The name "mountain holly" is also sometimes used for the related mountain winterberry (''Ilex montana'').
The plant does best in full sun, or part shade is good. It usually grows in moist or draining wet acid soils, often with the similar species of Common Winterberry, ''Ilex verticillata'', but is also found on upland cliffs and slopes on hills and mountains. It develops a yellow autumn color. It is recommended for use in naturalistic landscapes. Its USDA hardiness zone recommendation is zones 4 to 6. The name "mountain holly" is also sometimes used for the related mountain winterberry (''[[Ilex montana]]'').


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Ilex_mucronata_flowers_NB_RT.jpg|''Ilex mucronata'' flowers, New Brunswick.
Image:Ilex_mucronata_flowers_NB_RT.jpg|Female flowers in New Brunswick
Image:Ilex mucronata Harc.jpg|''Ilex mucronata'' fruit.
Image:Ilex mucronata Harc.jpg|Fruit.
</gallery>
</gallery>
For an image of ''Ilex mucronata'' flowers (male), see:
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ILMU


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5997691}}
==External links==
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ILMU&mapType=nativity&photoID=nemu2_001_avd.tif USDA Plants Profile: ''Ilex mucronata'' (Catberry)]


[[Category:Ilex|mucronata]]
[[Category:Ilex|mucronata]]
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[[Category:Flora of the Northeastern United States]]
[[Category:Flora of the Northeastern United States]]
[[Category:Flora of Michigan]]
[[Category:Flora of Michigan]]
[[Category:Flora of Maryland]]
[[Category:Flora of Maryland]]
[[Category:Flora of West Virginia]]
[[Category:Flora of West Virginia]]
[[Category:Flora of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Flora of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status]]

Latest revision as of 18:01, 8 December 2023

Ilex mucronata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Aquifoliales
Family: Aquifoliaceae
Genus: Ilex
Species:
I. mucronata
Binomial name
Ilex mucronata
(L.) M.Powell, Savol., & S.Andrews
Synonyms

Nemopanthus mucronatus

Ilex mucronata, the mountain holly or catberry, is a species of holly native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Minnesota, and south to Maryland and West Virginia.[1]

Taxonomy

[edit]

It was formerly treated in its own monotypic genus as Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loes., known as "false holly", but transferred to Ilex on molecular data;[2] it is closely related to Ilex amelanchier.[3]

Description

[edit]

Ilex mucronata is a deciduous shrub growing to 3 m (rarely 4 m) tall (or 6 to 10 feet high from the "Manual of Woody Landscape Plants" by Dr. Michael Dirr.) The leaves are alternate, simple, elliptic to oblong, (1 to 2.5" long and 3/4's as wide) 1.5–7 cm long and 1–3 cm broad, with an entire or finely serrated margin and an acute apex, and a 0.5–2 cm (1/4 to 1/2" long) petiole. The tiny flowers about 1/5" in diameter with 4 to 5 petals are inconspicuous, whitish to greenish-yellow, produced on slender peduncles 25 mm or more long; it is usually dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. The fruit is a red drupe 6–7 mm (1/4 to 1/3") diameter containing three to five pits.[4][5][6]

Habitat

[edit]

The plant does best in full sun, or part shade is good. It usually grows in moist or draining wet acid soils, often with the similar species of Common Winterberry, Ilex verticillata, but is also found on upland cliffs and slopes on hills and mountains. It develops a yellow autumn color. It is recommended for use in naturalistic landscapes. Its USDA hardiness zone recommendation is zones 4 to 6. The name "mountain holly" is also sometimes used for the related mountain winterberry (Ilex montana).

[edit]
  • Female flowers in New Brunswick
    Female flowers in New Brunswick
  • Fruit.
    Fruit.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ilex mucronata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  2. ^ Powell, M.; Savolainen, V.; Cuénoud, P.; Manen, J. F.; Andrews, S. (2000). "The mountain holly (Nemopanthus mucronatus: Aquifoliaceae) revisited with molecular data". Kew Bulletin. 55 (1): 341–347. doi:10.2307/4115646. JSTOR 4115646.
  3. ^ Gottlieb, A. M.; Giberti, G. C.; Poggio, L. (2005). "Molecular analyses of the genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) in southern South America, evidence from AFLP and ITS sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 92 (2): 352–369. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.2.352. hdl:20.500.12110/paper_00029122_v92_n2_p352_Gottlieb. PMID 21652411.
  4. ^ Meades, Susan J. "Ilex mucronata". Northern Ontario Plant Database.
  5. ^ Glenn, Steven D. (2013). "Nemopanthus mucronatus". New York Metropolitan Flora Project. Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
  6. ^ Leitner, L. A. "Supplement to key to common wetland shrubs of Wisconsin" (PDF). Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-16. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
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