Berar sultanate: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Southern Indian kingdom (1490–1572)}} |
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<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Berar Sultanate|2=Talk:Adil Shahi dynasty#Requested move 30 June 2024}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} |
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} |
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{{MCN|date=July 2024}} |
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{{Infobox country |
{{Infobox country |
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|native_name = वऱ्हाड |
| native_name = वऱ्हाड |
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|conventional_long_name = |
| conventional_long_name = Sultanate of Berar |
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|common_name = Berar |
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|era = |
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| event_start = [[Deccan Sultanates|Independence]] |
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|event_start= Deccan sultanate established |
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| government_type = [[Monarchy]] |
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| title_leader = Sultan |
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| leader1 = [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] (first) |
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|event1 = |
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| year_leader1 = 1490 – 1504 |
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| leader2 = [[Tufail Khan]] (last) |
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| year_leader2 = 1568 – 1572 |
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| religion = [[Islam]] |
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| image_map = {{South Asia in 1525 CE|center||{{Annotation|115|120|[[File:Rectangle (plain).svg|45px]]}}||none}} |
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| ⚫ | | image_map_caption = Berar Sultanate with neighbouring polities, circa 1525.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=39, 147|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=076}}</ref> |
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|demonym=}} |
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'''Berar''' was one of the [[Deccan sultanates]]. It was established in 1490 following the disintegration of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=117–119}}</ref> |
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The '''Berar Sultanate''', also known as the '''Imad Shahi Sultanate''' was an early modern Indian kingdom in the Deccan, ruled by the '''Imad Shahi dynasty'''.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uFTRAAAAMAAJ&q=brahman+convert+berar |title= A History of India |page= 200 |author= John Cadwgan Powell-Price |date= 1955 |publisher= T. Nelson }}</ref> It was one of the Deccan sultanates and established in 1490 following the disintegration of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]],<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=117–119}}</ref> and was annexed by [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmadnagar]] in a 1572 invasion. |
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==History== |
== History == |
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===Background=== |
=== Background === |
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The origin of the name Berar or Warhad (वऱ्हाड) as it is spelled in Marathi, is not known. The first authentic records show it to have been part of the Andhra or [[Satavahana]] empire. On the fall of the [[Chalukya]]s in the 12th century, Berar came under the sway of the [[Yadavas of Deogiri]], and remained in their possession until the [[Muslim]] invasions at the end of the 13th century. |
The origin of the name Berar or Warhad (वऱ्हाड) as it is spelled in Marathi, is not known. The first authentic records show it to have been part of the Andhra or [[Satavahana]] empire. On the fall of the [[Chalukya]]s in the 12th century, Berar came under the sway of the [[Yadavas of Deogiri]], and remained in their possession until the [[Muslim]] invasions at the end of the 13th century. On the establishment of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the Deccan (1348), Berar was constituted one of the five provinces into which their kingdom was divided, being governed by great nobles, with a separate army. The perils of this system became apparent when the province was divided (1478 or 1479) into two separate provinces, named after their capitals [[Gawilghur|Gawil]] and [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]]. The Bahmani dynasty was, however, already tottering to its fall. |
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On the establishment of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the Deccan (1348), Berar was constituted one of the five provinces into which their kingdom was divided, being governed by great nobles, with a separate army. The perils of this system became apparent when the province was divided (1478 or 1479) into two separate provinces, named after their capitals [[Gawilghur|Gawil]] and [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]]. The Bahmani dynasty was, however, already tottering to its fall. |
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===Establishment of the Berar Sultanate=== |
=== Establishment of the Berar Sultanate === |
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During the disintegration of Bahmani sultanate, in 1490 [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]], governor of [[Gawilghur|Gawil]], who had formerly held all Berar, proclaimed his independence and founded the Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar sultanate. He proceeded to annex [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]] to his new kingdom and had capital at [[Ellichpur]]. Imad-ul-Mulk was by birth a [[Kannada|Kanarese]] Hindu, but had been captured as a boy in one of the expeditions against the [[Vijayanagara |
During the disintegration of Bahmani sultanate, in 1490 [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]], governor of [[Gawilghur|Gawil]], who had formerly held all Berar, proclaimed his independence and founded the Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar sultanate. He proceeded to annex [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]] to his new kingdom and had its capital at [[Ellichpur]]. Imad-ul-Mulk was by birth a [[Kannada|Kanarese]] Hindu, but had been captured as a boy in one of the expeditions against the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] and brought up as a Muslim. [[Gavilgad]] and [[Narnala]] were also fortified by him. |
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He died in 1504 and his successor, |
He died in 1504 and his successor, [[Aladdin Imad Shah]] resisted the aggression of Ahmadnagar with the help from Bahadur Shah, sultan of Gujarat. The next ruler, Darya tried to align with Bijapur to prevent aggression from Ahmadnagar, but was unsuccessful. In 1568, [[Burhan Imad Shah]] was deposed by his minister [[Tufail Khan]], and assumed the kingship. This gave a pretext for the intervention of [[Murtaza Nizam Shah]] of Ahmadnagar, who invaded Berar, imprisoned and put to death Tufail Khan, his son [[Shams-ul-Mulk]], and the former-king Burhan, and proceeded to annex Berar into his own dominions of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. |
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== |
== List of Sultans of Berar == |
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[[File:Gawilgarh Fort - C.SHELARE (5).jpg|thumb|300px|[[Gavilgad]] Fort, built by [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] of Berar (1490 – 1504).]] |
[[File:Gawilgarh Fort - C.SHELARE (5).jpg|thumb|300px|[[Gavilgad]] Fort, built by [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] of Berar (1490 – 1504).]] |
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The Sultans of Berar belonged to the Imad Shahi Dynasty: |
The Sultans of Berar belonged to the Imad Shahi Dynasty: |
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# [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] |
# [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]]: 1490 – 1504 |
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# [[Aladdin Imad Shah]] |
# [[Aladdin Imad Shah]]: 1504 – 1529 |
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# [[Darya Imad Shah]] |
# [[Darya Imad Shah]]: 1529 – 1562. He developed the city Daryapur on the banks of [[Chandrabhaga River]] which today is a municipal council under the [[Amravati district|Amravati District]]. |
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# [[Burhan Imad Shah]] |
# [[Burhan Imad Shah]]: 1562 – 1568<ref name="michell_275">Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. ''Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates'' (''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]'' Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-56321-6}}, p.275</ref> |
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# [[Tufail Khan]] (usurper) 1568 – 1572<ref name="Sewell_166">Robert Sewell. ''Lists of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of southern India'' (''The New Cambridge History of India'' Vol. I:7), Printed by E. Keys at the Government Press, 1884, , p.166</ref> |
# [[Tufail Khan]] (usurper): 1568 – 1572<ref name="Sewell_166">Robert Sewell. ''Lists of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of southern India'' (''The New Cambridge History of India'' Vol. I:7), Printed by E. Keys at the Government Press, 1884, , p.166</ref> |
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==See also== |
== See also == |
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*[[List of Shi'a Muslim dynasties]] |
*[[List of Shi'a Muslim dynasties]] |
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*[[Battle of Talikota]] |
*[[Battle of Talikota]] |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
== External links == |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070629153707/http://www.hostkingdom.net/india.html#Berar List of Sultans of Berar] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070629153707/http://www.hostkingdom.net/india.html#Berar List of Sultans of Berar] |
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==See also== |
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{{Berar}}{{Authority control}} |
{{Berar}}{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Berar]] |
[[Category:Berar]] |
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[[Category:Deccan sultanates]] |
[[Category:Deccan sultanates]] |
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[[Category:Imad Shahi dynasty]] |
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[[Category:Shia dynasties]] |
[[Category:Shia dynasties]] |
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[[Category:States and territories established in 1490]] |
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Revision as of 00:01, 11 July 2024
 | A request that this article title be changed to Berar Sultanate is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed. |
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2024) |
Sultanate of Berar वऱ्हाड | |||||||||
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| 1490–1572 | |||||||||
  Berar Sultanate with neighbouring polities, circa 1525.[1] | |||||||||
| Capital | Ellichpur | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||
• 1490 – 1504 | Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (first) | ||||||||
• 1568 – 1572 | Tufail Khan (last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 1490 | |||||||||
• Conquered by Ahmednagar Sultanate | 1572 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 29,340 km2 (11,330 sq mi) | |||||||||
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| Today part of | India | ||||||||
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Berar". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. | |||||||||
The Berar Sultanate, also known as the Imad Shahi Sultanate was an early modern Indian kingdom in the Deccan, ruled by the Imad Shahi dynasty.[2] It was one of the Deccan sultanates and established in 1490 following the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate,[3] and was annexed by Ahmadnagar in a 1572 invasion.
History
Background
The origin of the name Berar or Warhad (वऱ्हाड) as it is spelled in Marathi, is not known. The first authentic records show it to have been part of the Andhra or Satavahana empire. On the fall of the Chalukyas in the 12th century, Berar came under the sway of the Yadavas of Deogiri, and remained in their possession until the Muslim invasions at the end of the 13th century. On the establishment of the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan (1348), Berar was constituted one of the five provinces into which their kingdom was divided, being governed by great nobles, with a separate army. The perils of this system became apparent when the province was divided (1478 or 1479) into two separate provinces, named after their capitals Gawil and Mahur. The Bahmani dynasty was, however, already tottering to its fall.
Establishment of the Berar Sultanate
During the disintegration of Bahmani sultanate, in 1490 Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk, governor of Gawil, who had formerly held all Berar, proclaimed his independence and founded the Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar sultanate. He proceeded to annex Mahur to his new kingdom and had its capital at Ellichpur. Imad-ul-Mulk was by birth a Kanarese Hindu, but had been captured as a boy in one of the expeditions against the Vijayanagara Empire and brought up as a Muslim. Gavilgad and Narnala were also fortified by him.
He died in 1504 and his successor, Aladdin Imad Shah resisted the aggression of Ahmadnagar with the help from Bahadur Shah, sultan of Gujarat. The next ruler, Darya tried to align with Bijapur to prevent aggression from Ahmadnagar, but was unsuccessful. In 1568, Burhan Imad Shah was deposed by his minister Tufail Khan, and assumed the kingship. This gave a pretext for the intervention of Murtaza Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar, who invaded Berar, imprisoned and put to death Tufail Khan, his son Shams-ul-Mulk, and the former-king Burhan, and proceeded to annex Berar into his own dominions of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.
List of Sultans of Berar
The Sultans of Berar belonged to the Imad Shahi Dynasty:
- Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk: 1490 – 1504
- Aladdin Imad Shah: 1504 – 1529
- Darya Imad Shah: 1529 – 1562. He developed the city Daryapur on the banks of Chandrabhaga River which today is a municipal council under the Amravati District.
- Burhan Imad Shah: 1562 – 1568[4]
- Tufail Khan (usurper): 1568 – 1572[5]
See also
References
- ^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 39, 147. ISBN 0226742210.
- ^ John Cadwgan Powell-Price (1955). A History of India. T. Nelson. p. 200.
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 117–119. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6, p.275
- ^ Robert Sewell. Lists of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of southern India (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Printed by E. Keys at the Government Press, 1884, , p.166
