Ingsoc: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Political geography of Nineteen Eighty-Four#Oceania]] |
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{{Redirect|English Socialism|non-fictional uses|History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom}} |
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{{Proposed deletion/dated |
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|concern = The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing [[Wikipedia:General notability guideline]] requirement nor the more detailed [[Wikipedia:Notability (fiction)]] supplementary essay. [[WP:BEFORE]] did not reveal any significant coverage on Gnews, Gbooks or Gscholar. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of "This article meets criteria A and B because..." and [[WP:ECHO|ping me back]] through [[WP:ECHO]] or by leaving a note at [[User talk:Piotrus]]. Thank you. |
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{{EngvarB|date=December 2020}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} |
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{{Multiple issues| |
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{{More citations needed|date=August 2020}} |
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{{In-universe|date=May 2012}} |
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{{notability}} |
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}} |
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{{Infobox fictional organisation |
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| name = English Socialist Party |
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| image = Ingsoc logo from 1984.svg |
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| image_size = |
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| alt = Logo of Ingsoc in the film adaptation of Nineteen Eighty-Four |
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| caption = Logo of Ingsoc in the [[Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984 film)|1984 film]] |
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| universe = ''[[Nineteen Eighty-four]]'' |
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| type = [[Political party]] |
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| first = |
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| recent = <!-- or: | last = --> |
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| founded = |
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| defunct = |
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| fate = |
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| address = |
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| location = |
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| leader = [[Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|Big Brother]] |
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| key_people = [[O'Brien (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|O'Brien]]<br />[[Emmanuel Goldstein]] (defected) |
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| purpose = |
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| slogan = "Big Brother is Watching You"<br />"Proles and Animals are free"<br />"War is Peace"<br />"Freedom is Slavery"<br />"Ignorance is Strength"<br />"Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past" |
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| other_label1 = Colours |
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| other1 = {{color box|#000000|border=darkgray}} [[Black]] {{color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} [[White]] {{color box|#B80404|border=darkgray}} [[Red]] |
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| other_label2 = [[List of political ideologies|Ideology]] |
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| other2 = [[Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|Big Brotherism]]<br />[[Historical negationism]]<br />[[Obscurantism]]<br />[[The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism|Oligarchical collectivism]]<br />[[Totalitarianism]] |
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'''Ingsoc''' (a [[syllabic abbreviation]] for '''English Socialism''') is the fictional [[ruling party]] of the [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] state of [[Political geography of Nineteen Eighty-Four#Oceania|Oceania]], in the [[dystopian novel]] ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' by [[George Orwell]], which was published in 1949. |
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== Origins == |
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Oceania emerged from the formal [[political union]] of the United States and the countries of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]], which later annexed the remainder of the Americas. In that time of union, [[Big Brother (1984)|Big Brother]] and [[Emmanuel Goldstein]] led the Party to power in Oceania after a [[revolution]]. Upon achieving control of the government, the Party established English Socialism as the official ideology of government and society. Goldstein and Big Brother later became enemies, because of their different interpretations of Ingsoc. Consequently, Big Brother and the Party would then brand Emmanuel Goldstein as a political criminal whose sedition and treachery meant to overthrow the government of the Party. |
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== Political philosophy == |
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In the "forbidden" book ''[[The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism]]'', the enemy of the state [[Emmanuel Goldstein]] describes the ideology of the Party as an [[anti-socialism]] that rejects the political principles of the Socialist movement. The ubiquitous [[Big Brother (1984)|Big Brother]] personifies the Inner Party, by way of oversized posters and [[telescreen]]s that continually watch the citizens of Oceania, whilst Ingsoc demands the submission (mental, moral, physical) of the people, that power for the sake of power is the purpose of Ingsoc, [[O'Brien (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|O'Brien]] explains to Winston Smith: |
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{{cquote|"The [[Nazism|German Nazis]] and the [[Stalinism|Russian Communists]] came very close to us in their methods, but they never had the courage to recognize their own motives. They pretended, perhaps they even believed, that they had seized power unwillingly and for a limited time, and that just round the corner there lay a paradise where human beings would be free and equal. We are not like that. We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power."}} |
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== Oceanian social-class system == |
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[[File:1984 Social Classes alt.svg|thumb|The social pyramid of Oceania in 1984.]] |
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In the year 1984, Oceanian society is divided into three social classes: (i) the Inner Party, (ii) the Outer Party, and (iii) the Proles. Although the social classes have few interactions, the protagonist, [[Winston Smith]], attends an evening at a cinema, where people from every social class view the same film programme. He visits a pub for proles without attracting notice, and visits the flat of Inner Party member [[O'Brien (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|O'Brien]] on the pretext of borrowing the newest edition of the [[Newspeak]] dictionary. Meanwhile, Ingsoc propaganda proclaims the freedom and [[egalitarianism]] of Oceania. |
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=== Inner Party === |
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The upper class make up less than 2 percent of Oceania's population. Among their privileges is the ability to completely turn off their telescreens. They live in spacious, comfortable homes, have good food and drink, personal servants, and speedy transportation such as personal helicopters and automobiles and no middle-class citizen or Prole may enter an upper-class neighbourhood without permission from an upper-class citizen. According to Goldstein's book, middle-class citizens ambitious or loyal enough may be promoted to join the upper class starting from a certain age. Within the upper class are the [[Inner Party]], whose members make policy, influence decisions, and govern. |
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Despite their insulation and overt privileges, the upper class are still not exempt from the government's brutal restriction of thought and behaviour, even while lies and propaganda apparently originate from their own ranks. Instead, the government offer the upper class "luxuries" and rich lifestyles in exchange for them maintaining their loyalty to the state; non-conformant upper-class citizens can still be condemned, tortured, and executed just like any other individual. Also, all upper- and middle-class citizens are expected to abstain completely from any kind of sexual activity other than normal intercourse strictly for reproduction within marriage, since allowing sex in any less restrictive forms would permit self-actualisation, individual intimacy, and intellectual freedom which all go against the Party's agenda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.george-orwell.org/1984/16.html|title=1984}}</ref> <ref>See "The Principles of Newspeak". |
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{{quote|...He knew what was meant by ''goodsex''—that is to say, normal intercourse between man and wife, for the sole purpose of begetting children, and without physical pleasure on the part of the woman; all else was ''sexcrime.''}}</ref> |
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Finally, even the upper class's living conditions are only "relatively" luxurious and comfortable, and Goldstein's book explains that these conditions would in fact be considered "austere" by those who remember life before Ingsoc. The upper class's living standards could be compared to that of the middle class in today's world. |
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=== Outer Party === |
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The middle class is home to the [[Outer Party]], whose members are the bureaucrats who work the State's administrative jobs and directly implement the Party's policies, while not being allowed to have any voice in their formulation whatsoever. They are essential to the Party's success, but the Party will only tolerate them under very hostile conditions. The middle class, including the Outer Party, are allowed "no vices other than cigarettes and [[Victory Gin]]", and they are the citizens under the heaviest surveillance. This is because, according to history and the Party, the middle class' combination of intellectual ability and lack of power means they are the ones that are most likely to rebel against Big Brother. They are therefore expected to sustain a continuous, patriotic frenzy for the Party, often being required to blindly accept nearly every order from their superiors, all while simultaneously being condemned to live in rundown neighbourhoods, use bicycles and subways as transportation, and to persist in an ongoing state of near starvation with meagre rations of low-quality food and drink. They could be debated as the worst off in the class system, as they lack the freedom of the proles, and the luxuries of the upper class and Inner Party. |
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=== Proles === |
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The [[Proles (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|Proles]] ([[proletariat]]) make up 85% of Oceania's population. They are the lower class of workers, performing most of the manual labour required in Oceania. They live in poverty, but are politically more fortunate than the middle class because they are seldom watched. The Party keep them happy with alcohol, gambling, sport, sexual promiscuity, and [[prolefeed]] (fabricated entertainment, including pornography). Although the Proles are intellectually capable of sophisticated views of reality, the Party are not aware of this ability; therefore, the Proles are considered politically harmless. To Winston, the Proles are "truly free" and "remained human". They also maintain their native languages (such as Oldspeak), as they are believed to be stupid enough to believe the propaganda of Ingsoc and not rebel. Despite these freedoms, a few [[Thought Police]] officers are deployed among the Proles to mark down and attempt to eliminate any individuals deemed capable of rebellion. Winston Smith notes that "if there is hope, it lies in the Proles". |
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== See also == |
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* [[One-party state]] |
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* [[Thoughtcrime]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fic(1984.html "Flags of Ingsoc and Neo-Bolshevism"]. [[Flags of the World (website)|Flags of the World]]. |
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{{Nineteen Eighty-Four}} |
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[[Category:Fictional elements introduced in 1984]] |
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[[Category:Nineteen Eighty-Four]] |
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[[Category:Fictional political parties]] |
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[[Category:Fictional governments]] |
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[[Category:Fictional philosophies]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:24, 6 August 2022
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