Editing Interstate 35

{{Short description|Interstate Highway from Texas to Minnesota}}
{{Redirect|I-35|the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine|Japanese submarine I-35}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox road
|country = USA
|type = I
|route = 35
|map={{maplink-road|from=Interstate 35.map|from2=Interstate 35W (Texas).map|from3=Interstate 35W (Minnesota).map}}
|map_custom=yes
|map_notes = Interstate 35, with eastern and western forks.
|length_mi = 1569.06
|length_ref = <ref name=fhwa>{{cite web |first = Edward |last = Starks |url = https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table01.cfm |work = Route Log and Finder List |title = Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2021 |date = January 27, 2022 |access-date = August 24, 2024 |publisher = [[Federal Highway Administration]] }}</ref>
|established = 1956
|history=Completed in 1982<ref>{{cite news |last = Gyure |first = Joseph |url = http://www.historicwaco.org/WHP/Places/I35.htm |title = Interstate 35 dramatically changed Waco's face |work = Waco Tribune-Herald |access-date = January 10, 2006 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060112041645/http://www.historicwaco.org/WHP/Places/I35.htm |archive-date = January 12, 2006 }}</ref>
|direction_a = South
|terminus_a = {{Jct|country=USA|US|83}} in [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo, TX]]
|junction = <!-- Major junctions only; Only 5–8 most major intersections and cities belong here; please read [[WP:USRD/STDS]] for more info -->
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|69W}} in Laredo, TX
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|10}} in [[San Antonio|San Antonio, TX]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|37}} in San Antonio, TX
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|14}} from [[Belton, Texas|Belton]] to [[Temple, Texas|Temple, TX]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|40}} in [[Oklahoma City|Oklahoma City, OK]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|44}} in Oklahoma City, OK
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|29|I|70}} in [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City, MO]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|80}} from [[West Des Moines, Iowa|West Des Moines]] to [[Ankeny, Iowa|Ankeny, IA]]
*{{Jct|country=USA|I|90}} in [[Albert Lea, Minnesota|Albert Lea, MN]]
|direction_b=North
|terminus_b={{Jct|state=MN|MN|61}} in [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth, MN]]	
|states=[[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]], [[Iowa]], [[Minnesota]]
}}

'''Interstate&nbsp;35''' ('''I-35''') is a major [[Interstate Highway]] in the central [[United States]]. As with most primary Interstates that end in a five, it is a major cross-country, north–south route. It stretches from [[Laredo, Texas]], near the [[Mexico–United States border|Mexican border]] to [[Duluth, Minnesota]], at [[Minnesota State Highway 61]] (MN&nbsp;61, London Road) and 26th&nbsp;Avenue East.<ref name="Google">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&hl=en&geocode=3966640746460723679,27.524700,-99.502890%3B9356109620576285556,46.801921,-92.071031&saddr=I-35+N+%4027.524700,+-99.502890&daddr=46.808637,-92.06131&mra=dme&mrcr=0&mrsp=1&sz=13&sll=46.798649,-92.0644&sspn=0.053116,0.115356&ie=UTF8&ll=40.713956,-97.382812&spn=30.012924,59.0625&z=4 |title = Overview Map of I-35 |access-date = February 15, 2008 }}</ref> The highway splits into [[Interstate 35E (disambiguation)|I-35E]] and [[Interstate 35W (disambiguation)|I-35W]] in two separate places, the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] in [[Texas]] and at the [[Minnesota]] twin cities of [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]].

At {{convert|1568|mi|km}}, I-35 is the ninth-longest Interstate Highway following [[Interstate 94|I-94]], and it is the third-longest north–south Interstate Highway, following [[Interstate 75|I-75]] and [[Interstate 95|I-95]]. Even though the route is generally considered to be a [[Pan-American Highway|border-to-border highway]], this highway does not directly connect to either international border. I-35's southern terminus is the [[traffic signal]] at Hidalgo Street in Laredo, Texas, just short of the Mexican border. Travelers going south can take one of two toll bridges across the [[Rio Grande]] and the border, either straight ahead into the [[Juárez–Lincoln International Bridge]], or via [[Interstate 35 Business (Laredo, Texas)|Business Interstate&nbsp;35-A]] (Bus. I-35-A) through downtown Laredo into the [[Gateway to the Americas International Bridge]]. To the north, I-35 terminates in Duluth, Minnesota, with connections to Canada from the Interstate's terminus via [[Minnesota State Highway 61]] to [[Grand Portage (community), Minnesota|Grand Portage]], or north to the border at [[International Falls, Minnesota]], via [[U.S. Route 53 in Minnesota|U.S. Route&nbsp;53]] (US&nbsp;53) in Duluth.

In addition to the Dallas–Fort Worth and Minneapolis–Saint Paul areas, the major cities that I-35 also connects to include (from south to north) [[San Antonio, Texas]]; [[Austin, Texas]]; [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]; [[Wichita, Kansas]]; [[Kansas City, Missouri]]; and [[Des Moines, Iowa]].

==Route description==
{{lengths table}}
|-
|[[Interstate 35 in Texas|TX]]
|{{convert|503.96|mi|km|disp=table}}
|-
|[[Interstate 35 in Oklahoma|OK]]
|{{convert|235.96|mi|km|disp=table}}
|-
|[[Interstate 35 in Kansas|KS]]
|{{convert|235.53|mi|km|disp=table}}
|-
|[[Interstate 35 in Missouri|MO]]
|{{convert|114.74|mi|km|disp=table}}
|-
|[[Interstate 35 in Iowa|IA]]
|{{convert|219.23|mi|km|disp=table}}
|-
|[[Interstate 35 in Minnesota|MN]]
|{{convert|259.64|mi|km|disp=table}}
|-
|Total
|{{convert|1569.06|mi|km|disp=table}}
|}

===Texas===
{{Main|Interstate 35 in Texas}}
{{See also|Interstate 35E (Texas)|Interstate 35W (Texas)}}
[[File:Endofi35.jpg|thumb|right|I-35 starts at this [[traffic signal]] in Laredo, Texas]]

I-35 northbound begins at a traffic-signaled intersection with [[Interstate 35 Business (Laredo, Texas)|Bus. I-35-A]] in [[Laredo, Texas]], just north of the [[Rio Grande]] and the international border between [[Mexico]] and the US. It has a {{convert|17|mi|km|adj=on}} [[concurrency (road)|concurrency]] with [[U.S. Route 83 in Texas|US&nbsp;83]]. Through [[Webb County, Texas|Webb]], [[La Salle County, Texas|La Salle]], and [[Frio County, Texas|Frio]] counties, it has a mostly north-northeastern course, turning more northeasterly around [[Moore, Texas|Moore]].<ref name="txdot-map">{{cite map |title = Texas Official Travel Map |author = [[Texas Department of Transportation]] |publisher = Texas Department of Transportation |year = 2006 }}</ref> It then cuts across the corners of [[Medina County, Texas|Medina]] and [[Atascosa County, Texas|Atascosa]] counties before entering [[Bexar County, Texas|Bexar County]] and [[San Antonio]].

I-35 is named the [[Pan-American Highway|Pan Am Expressway]] in San Antonio. There, it has brief concurrencies with [[Interstate 10 in Texas|I-10]] (with it [[U.S. Route 87|US&nbsp;87]]) and [[Interstate 410|I-410]], and it serves as the northern terminus of [[Interstate 37|I-37]]. I-35 heads northeast out of the city toward the state capital, [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].

In Austin, I-35 is the Interregional Highway and has a concurrency with [[US 290]] through Downtown Austin.<ref name="about">{{cite web |last = Bear |first = Jacci Howard |url = http://austin.about.com/od/roadmaps/f/ih35.htm |title = Are Interstate Highway 35 and Interregional Highway 35 the Same Road? |work = About.com |access-date = December 7, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081207201156/http://austin.about.com/od/roadmaps/f/ih35.htm |archive-date = December 7, 2008 }}</ref> Throughout Austin, elevated express lanes were constructed on either side of the original [[freeway]]. Prior to this expansion, this section included an [[Level crossing|at-grade railroad crossing]], which is extremely unusual for a freeway. From Austin, I-35 goes through [[Round Rock, Texas|Round Rock]], [[Temple, Texas|Temple]], [[Pflugerville, Texas|Pflugerville]], and [[Waco, Texas|Waco]]. In [[Belton, Texas|Belton]], south of Temple, it serves as the current eastern terminus for [[Interstate 14|I-14]]. In Waco, I-35 is known as the Jack Kultgen Freeway, and begins its concurrency with [[U.S. Route 77 in Texas|US&nbsp;77]]. The campuses of both the [[University of Texas at Austin]] and [[Baylor University]] are located adjacent to I-35.

I-35 then heads to [[Hillsboro, Texas|Hillsboro]], where it splits into [[Interstate 35W (Texas)|I-35W]] and [[Interstate 35E (Texas)|I-35E]] and runs through the [[Dallas]]–[[Fort Worth]] area. The official milemarkers, along with the route of US&nbsp;77, follow I-35E through Dallas—I-35W, which is {{convert|85|mi|km}} in length, carries its own mileage from Hillsboro to [[Denton, Texas|Denton]], as though it were an I-35 loop. In Dallas, I-35E is the R.L. Thornton Freeway south of [[Interstate 30|I-30]], which picks up the name heading east. North of I-30, it is the Stemmons Freeway.

After passing through Dallas and Fort Worth, I-35's two forks rejoin each other in Denton near the [[University of North Texas]] campus. The unified Interstate then continues north to [[Gainesville, Texas|Gainesville]] before crossing the [[Red River of the South|Red River]] into Oklahoma.

===Oklahoma===
{{main|Interstate 35 in Oklahoma}}
[[File:I35oklahoma102.jpg|thumb|left|400px|I-35 in [[Goldsby, Oklahoma]], at milemarker&nbsp;102]]

In Oklahoma, I-35 runs from the Red River at the Texas border to the Kansas state line near [[Braman, Oklahoma|Braman]]. It passes through or adjacent to many of the state's major cities. From south to north, these cities include [[Ardmore, Oklahoma|Ardmore]], [[Pauls Valley, Oklahoma|Pauls Valley]], [[Purcell, Oklahoma|Purcell]], [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]], [[Moore, Oklahoma|Moore]], [[Oklahoma City]], and [[Edmond, Oklahoma|Edmond]]. In [[Downtown Oklahoma City]], I-35 has a major junction with [[Interstate 40 in Oklahoma|I-40]] and spurs into [[Interstate 235 (Oklahoma)|I-235]] through the north central inner city as heavy traffic follows through the city into the northern area of the state.

===Kansas===
{{main|Interstate 35 in Kansas}}
[[Image:Kta view.jpg|thumb|right|A view from the I-35 portion of the Kansas Turnpike, between mileposts&nbsp;29 and 30]]

Between the Oklahoma state line and [[Emporia, Kansas|Emporia]], I-35 is part of the [[Kansas Turnpike]]. This section of Interstate serves [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] and passes through the [[Flint Hills]] area. At Emporia, I-35 branches off on its own alignment. This free section of I-35 provides access to [[Ottawa, Kansas|Ottawa]] before entering the [[Kansas City Metropolitan Area]], where it serves [[Johnson County, Kansas|Johnson County]] and [[Kansas City, Kansas]].

Of note on the route, at several points between Cassoday and Emporia in the Flint Hills, dirt driveways that provide direct access without a ramp, for cattle trucks, may be found in either direction along the highway.

'''BETO Junction''' is a highway intersection in [[Coffey County, Kansas]], that is the intersection of [[U.S. Route 75 in Kansas|US&nbsp;75]] and I-35. It derives its name from the four major cities nearest the intersection: [[Burlington, Kansas|Burlington]], [[Emporia, Kansas|Emporia]], [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]], and [[Ottawa, Kansas|Ottawa]]. It is located {{convert|16|mi|km}} north of Burlington at exit&nbsp;155. Historically, the intersection referred to as "BETO Junction" before I-35 was constructed was located on the old US&nbsp;75 alignments {{convert|2|mi|km|spell=in}} south and {{convert|2|mi|km|spell=in}} east, near [[Waverly, Kansas]].

=== Missouri ===
{{main|Interstate 35 in Missouri}}
[[File:STH72244.JPG|thumb|left|[[Christopher S. Bond Bridge, Kansas City|Bond Bridge]] carries I-35 in Kansas City]]

I-35 enters Missouri {{convert|2|mi|km|spell=in}} southwest of Kansas City's [[Central Business District]] as a six-lane highway. After merging with [[Southwest Trafficway]] and Broadway, it becomes eight lanes and continues north to downtown Kansas City, where it serves as the west and north legs of the [[Downtown freeway loop (Kansas City)|downtown freeway loop]]. Along the north edge of the loop, I-35 joins with [[Interstate 70 in Missouri|I-70]] immediately west of Broadway and carries six lanes of traffic with a speed limit of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Upon leaving the loop, [[Interstate 29 in Missouri|I-29]] begins, concurrent with I-35. The two Interstates cross the [[Missouri River]] together on the [[Christopher S. Bond Bridge, Kansas City|Bond Bridge]].

After crossing the river, I-29 and I-35 split. I-35 heads north to [[Cameron, Missouri]], and then continues northward to the Iowa state line.

===Iowa===
{{main|Interstate 35 in Iowa}}
[[File:I-35 nb ia exit 182.jpg|thumb|300px|I-35 in Iowa, near exit&nbsp;182. The town of [[Swaledale, IA|Swaledale]] is about {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} to the east.]]

In the southern sections of the state, I-35 is parallel to [[U.S. Route 69 in Iowa|US&nbsp;69]] for much of its course.

In [[Des Moines, IA|Des Moines]], I-35 has a {{convert|12|mi|km|adj=on}} [[concurrency (road)|overlap]] with [[Interstate 80 (Iowa)|I-80]]. The concurrency takes place northwest of the downtown district of the city. At exit&nbsp;127 of I-80, the overlap turns east and terminates at exit&nbsp;137 via an interchange with [[Interstate 235 (Iowa)|I-235]].

North of Des Moines, I-35 is mainly parallel with US&nbsp;69, traversing a vast and rural area of Iowa.<ref>{{cite map |title = Motor Carriers' Road Atlas |author = [[Rand McNally]] |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |page = 38 |edition = Deluxe |year = 2007 }}</ref>

I-35 is part of the [[Avenue of the Saints]] between [[Clear Lake, Iowa|Clear Lake]] and St. Paul, Minnesota. A four-lane link has been completed between Clear Lake and [[Interstate 380 (Iowa)|I-380]] in [[Waterloo, Iowa|Waterloo]], [[Iowa]].

===Minnesota===
{{main|Interstate 35 in Minnesota}}
{{see also|Interstate 35E (Minnesota)|Interstate 35W (Minnesota)}}
[[File:N terminus I35.JPG|thumb|300px|left|I-35's northern terminus is at this intersection with London Road ([[Minnesota State Highway 61|MN&nbsp;61]]) in [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], [[Minnesota]], with [[Lake Superior]] in the background.]]

At [[Medford, Minnesota|Medford]], [[Minnesota]], the on- and offramps lead to [[roundabout]]s rather than standard cross intersections.<ref>{{cite magazine |author = Federal Highway Administration |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |url = https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/04sep/05.cfm |magazine = Focus: Accelerating Infrastructure Innovations |title = Excellence in Highway Design 2004 |access-date = February 12, 2006 |date = September 2004 |volume = 21 |issue = 8 |id = FHWA-HRT-04-029 |issn = 1060-6637 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100610021917/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/04sep/05.cfm |archive-date = June 10, 2010 }}</ref> This is the first site in the state linked to a major highway to use roundabouts.

I-35 splits again into [[Interstate 35W (Minnesota)|I-35W]] and [[Interstate 35E (Minnesota)|I-35E]] in the [[Minneapolis]]–[[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]] area. The mile- and exit-numbering sequence continues along I-35E. At one sharp turn in I-35W near the junction with I-94, drivers are advised to slow to {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (although many drivers are able to maintain the speed limit of {{convert|55|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}). It is not possible to go from westbound I-94 to northbound I-35W, from southbound I-35W to eastbound I-94, and vice versa, without resorting to surface streets.

On I-35E in Minnesota between [[Minnesota State Highway 5|MN&nbsp;5]] and [[Interstate 94 in Minnesota|I-94]], in both directions, trucks weighing more than {{convert|9000|lb|kg}} are banned from the freeway, and the speed limit drops to {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. This section was not completed until the late 1980s (although the route was cleared and graded earlier) due to opposition from the historic Crocus Hill neighborhood, which sits only a few hundred feet from the alignment. The four-lane alignment, "parkway" design was a compromise. The truck bypass for this section is signed on [[Interstate 494 (Minnesota)|I-494]] and [[Interstate 694 (Minnesota)|I-694]] to the east of Saint Paul.

I-35 has an [[Interchange (road)|interchange]] with [[Interstate 535|I-535]]/[[U.S. Route 53 in Minnesota|US&nbsp;53]] in [[Duluth, Minnesota]], known locally as the "Can of Worms". This [[Junction (road)|junction]] features a pair of left exits from I-35, a stoplight, and lane drops over the I-35 bridge.<ref>{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Duluth+MN&ll=46.765515,-92.12255&spn=0.005762,0.01663&t=h |title = Overview Map and Aerial Photo of the Can of Worms Interchange |access-date = June 8, 2009 }}</ref>

The national northern terminus of I-35 is at an [[Intersection (road)|intersection]] in eastern Duluth. Drivers' options include merging with London Road/[[Minnesota State Highway 61|MN&nbsp;61]] northbound, proceeding through the stop lights onto 26th&nbsp;Avenue East, or turning left onto London Road southbound.

==History==
Some portions of I-35 in Oklahoma City were already built in 1953, before the Interstate system was created.<ref name="oklahoman1"/> Through [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]], [[Oklahoma]], the Interstate opened in June&nbsp;1959. In [[Moore, Oklahoma|Moore]], it opened in two parts: the northern half, connecting Moore to Oklahoma City, opened in January&nbsp;1960. The southern half, linking it to Norman, was opened to traffic in June&nbsp;1967.<ref name="oklahoman2">{{cite news |last = Medley |first = Robert |title = Highways Continue to Drive Economy |work = The Daily Oklahoman |location = Oklahoma City |date = June 29, 2006 |page = 1D }}</ref>

I-35 through Oklahoma largely parallels [[U.S. Route 77|US&nbsp;77]]. This is in large part due to efforts of the towns of [[Wynnewood, Oklahoma|Wynnewood]], [[Paoli, Oklahoma|Paoli]], and [[Wayne, Oklahoma|Wayne]], which fought to keep I-35 as close as possible to US&nbsp;77. This was successful due to a threat from Governor [[Henry Bellmon]] to build a toll road rather than I-35, and legislation preventing state funds for the Interstate from being spent if it were more than {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} from the U.S. Route.<ref>{{cite book |last = McNichol |first = Dan |title = The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System |location = New York |publisher = Sterling |year = 2006 |isbn = 1-4027-3468-9 }}{{page needed |date= March 2013}}</ref>

I-35 was completed in Oklahoma in 1971, when parts of the Interstate running through [[Carter County, Oklahoma|Carter Co.]] and [[Murray County, Oklahoma|Murray Co.]] were opened to traffic.<ref name="oklahoman1">{{cite news |last = Cockerell |first = Penny |title = 50 Years: As the Intersection of Interstates 35, 40, and 44, Oklahoma Is at America's Crossroads |work = The Daily Oklahoman |location = Oklahoma City |date = June 29, 2006 |page = 2A }}</ref>

The final segment of I-35 (as originally planned) to open was in north-central [[Iowa]], between [[Mason City, Iowa|Mason City]] and [[US 20|US&nbsp;20]] near [[Iowa Falls, Iowa|Iowa Falls]]. This segment was delayed due to some controversy. Originally, I-35 was to follow the alignment of [[US 69|US&nbsp;69]] from [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] to the [[Minnesota]] border, but Mason City's business community lobbied for the route to be moved closer to their city. On September&nbsp;1, 1965, the alignment was changed to instead parallel [[US 65|US&nbsp;65]] through northern Iowa, which brought the highway much closer to Mason City. This created a long diagonal section through [[Wright County, Iowa|Wright]] and [[Franklin County, Iowa|Franklin]] counties. Local farmers objected to their farms being bisected into triangular pieces, and resulting litigation delayed I-35 for several years. A November&nbsp;1972 ruling rejected a lawsuit filed by the farmers, and the final segment of I-35 was allowed to proceed, eventually opening in 1975.

The [[Paseo Bridge]] over the [[Missouri River]] in Kansas City, Missouri, was replaced by the [[dual-span]] [[cable-stayed bridge|cable-stayed]] [[Christopher S. Bond Bridge (Kansas City)|Christopher S. Bond Bridge]] in December&nbsp;2010.<ref>{{cite press release |url = http://www.modot.org/kansascity/newrelease/District4News.shtml?action=displaySSI&newsId=63363 |title = All Interstate 29/35 Ramps and Lanes Open Tomorrow: On-Budget and Six Months Ahead of Schedule |first = Meghan |last = Jansen |publisher = Missouri Department of Transportation |date = December 17, 2010 |access-date = November 27, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120320043006/http://www.modot.org/kansascity/newrelease/District4News.shtml?action=displaySSI&newsId=63363 |archive-date = March 20, 2012 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==="NAFTA Superhighway" controversy===
{{Further|NAFTA superhighway}}
[[File:Interstate 35 29 map.png|thumb|[[Interstate 29|I-29]] and I-35]]

The proposed [[Trans-Texas Corridor]] toll-road project included one proposal (TTC-35) to primarily parallel I-35 from the Mexican border up to the Oklahoma border.<ref>{{cite web |work = [[Trans-Texas Corridor]] Study |title = I-35 Corridor Section |url = http://www.keeptexasmoving.com/projects/ttc35/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070509033839/http://www.keeptexasmoving.com/projects/ttc35/ |archive-date = May 9, 2007 }}</ref> There are major disagreements as to what impact this parallel route would have on I-35 in terms of traffic, maintenance, and commerce.

The Trans-Texas Corridor was first proposed by [[Texas]] [[List of Governors of Texas|Governor]] [[Rick Perry]] in 2002. It consisted of a {{convert|1200|ft|m|adj=on}} wide highway that also carried utilities such as electricity, petroleum, and water as well as railway track and fiberoptic cables.<ref name="highway to hell">{{cite news |last = Kovach |first = Gretel |title = Highway to Hell? |work = [[Newsweek]] |date = December 10, 2007 |url = http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/12/01/highway-to-hell.html |access-date = December 7, 2007 }}</ref> In July&nbsp;2007, US Representative [[Duncan L. Hunter|Duncan Hunter]] successfully offered an amendment to House Resolution&nbsp;3074, the FY2008 Transportation Appropriations Act, prohibiting the use of federal funds for [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] participation in the activities of the [[Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America]] (SPP). Hunter stated that: "Unfortunately, very little is known about the NAFTA Super Highway. This amendment will provide Congress the opportunity to exercise oversight of the highway, which remains a subject of question and uncertainty, and ensure that our safety and security will not be compromised in order to promote the business interests of our neighbors."<ref>{{cite press release |url = http://www.house.gov/list/speech/ca52_hunter/Nafta_hgwy_amendment.shtml |publisher = Office of Congressman Duncan Hunter |title = Hunter NAFTA Super Highway Amendment Passes House |date = July 25, 2007 |first = Joe |last = Kasper |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081221135836/http://www.house.gov/list/speech/ca52_hunter/Nafta_hgwy_amendment.shtml |archive-date = December 21, 2008 }}</ref> Fellow Republican Congressman and presidential candidate [[Ron Paul]] brought the issue to mainstream prominence during the December&nbsp;2007 [[CNN]]–[[YouTube]] GOP debate, where he rejected the concept and also called it the NAFTA Superhighway after the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] and, like Hunter, framed it within the ultimate goal of creating a [[North American Union]].

In 2011, the Texas Legislature formally repealed its authority for the establishment and operation of the Trans-Texas Corridor with the passage of HB&nbsp;1201.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1201 |title = Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) History for HB 1201 |publisher = Texas Legislature |access-date = January 28, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/HB01201I.pdf#navpanes=0 |archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/HB01201I.pdf#navpanes=0 |archive-date = October 9, 2022 |url-status = live |title = Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) Text for HB 1201 |publisher = Texas Legislature |access-date = August 13, 2013 }}</ref>

==Junction list==
'''Source:'''<ref name=randmcnally>{{cite book |author = Rand McNally |year = 2014 |title = The Road Atlas |edition = Walmart |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |pages = 38, 41, 54-55, 58, 83, 100-101 |isbn = 978-0-528-00771-2 }}</ref>

;Southern segment
:;Texas
::{{jct|country=USA|US|83}} in [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo]]; the highways travel concurrently to [[Botines, Texas|Botines]], approx. {{convert|18|mi|km}} north.
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|69W|US|59}} in Laredo
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|57}} in [[Moore, Texas|Moore]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|410}} in [[San Antonio]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|10|US|87|US|90}} in San Antonio. I-10/I-35/US&nbsp;87 travels concurrently through Downtown San Antonio.
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|37|US|281}} in San Antonio
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|410}} on the San Antonio–[[Windcrest, Texas|Windcrest]] city line; concurrency for {{convert|3|mi|km|spell=in}}.
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|290}} in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]]; the highways travel concurrently through Austin.
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|183}} in Austin
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|79}} in [[Round Rock, Texas|Round Rock]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|14|US|190}} in [[Copperas_Cove, Texas|Copperas_Cove]]; US 190 travels concurrently to [[Belton,Texas|Belton]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} in [[Waco, Texas|Waco]]; the highways travel concurrently to northeast of [[Hillsboro, Texas|Hillsboro]]; follows route of I-35E afterward.
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|84}} on the Waco–[[Bellmead, Texas|Bellmead]] city line
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|35E|dab1=Texas|I|35W|dab2=Texas}} north-northeast of Hillsboro
;Central segment
:;Texas
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|35E|dab1=Texas|I|35W|dab2=Texas}} in [[Denton, Texas|Denton]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|380}} in Denton
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} in Denton; the highways travel concurrently to south of [[Thackerville, Oklahoma]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|82}} in [[Gainesville, Texas|Gainesville]]
:;Oklahoma
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} in [[Ardmore, Oklahoma|Ardmore]]; the highways travel concurrently through Ardmore.
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} north of [[Springer, Oklahoma|Springer]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} in [[Davis, Oklahoma|Davis]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} in [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]]; the highways travel concurrently to [[Oklahoma City]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|240|dab1=Oklahoma|US|62}} in Oklahoma City; I-35/US&nbsp;62 travels concurrently through Oklahoma City.
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|40|I|235|dab2=Oklahoma|US|77|US|270}} in Oklahoma City; I-35/I-40/US&nbsp;270 travels concurrently through Oklahoma City.
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|44}} in Oklahoma City; the highways travel concurrently through Oklahoma City.
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} in [[Edmond, Oklahoma|Edmond]]; the highways travel concurrently to [[Guthrie, Oklahoma|Guthrie]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} in [[Perry, Oklahoma|Perry]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in Perry; the highways travel concurrently to north-northwest of Perry.
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|64|US|412}} north-northwest of Perry
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|60}} in [[Tonkawa, Oklahoma|Tonkawa]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|177}} north-northwest of [[Braman, Oklahoma|Braman]]
:;Kansas
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|166}} east-northeast of [[South Haven, Kansas|South Haven]]
:: {{jct|state=KS|KTA|}} southern terminus in rural [[Sumner County, Kansas|Sumner County]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|160}} east of [[Wellington, Kansas|Wellington]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|135}} in [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|54|US|400}} in Wichita
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} north of [[El Dorado, Kansas|El Dorado]]
:: {{jct|state=KS|I|335|KTA|dab1=Kansas}} in [[Emporia, Kansas|Emporia]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|50}} in Emporia
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|50}} east of Emporia; the highways travel concurrently to [[Lenexa, Kansas|Lenexa]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|75}} south-southeast of [[Olivet, Kansas|Olivet]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|59}} in [[Ottawa, Kansas|Ottawa]]; the highways travel concurrently to east-northeast of Ottawa.
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|56}} in [[Gardner, Kansas|Gardner]]; the highways travel concurrently to [[Merriam, Kansas|Merriam]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|169}} in [[Olathe, Kansas|Olathe]]; the highways travel concurrently to Merriam.
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|435|US|50}} in Lenexa
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} in Lenexa; the highways travel concurrently to Merriam.
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|635|dab1=Kansas–Missouri|US|69}} in [[Mission, Kansas|Mission]]; I-35/US&nbsp;69 travels concurrently to [[Kansas City, Kansas|Kansas City]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|169}} in Kansas City
:;Missouri
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|670|dab1=Kansas–Missouri}} in [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|70|US|24|US|40|US|169}} in Kansas City; the highways travel concurrently through Kansas City.
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|29|I|70|US|40|US|71}} in Kansas City; I-29/I-35/US&nbsp;71 travels concurrently through Kansas City.
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} in Kansas City
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|435}} in [[Claycomo, Missouri|Claycomo]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} in [[Pleasant Valley, Missouri|Pleasant Valley]]; the highways travel concurrently to [[Liberty, Missouri|Liberty]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} south of [[Cameron, Missouri|Cameron]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|36}} in Cameron
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} southwest of [[Winston, Missouri|Winston]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} north-northwest of [[Altamont, Missouri|Altamont]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|136}} in [[Bethany, Missouri|Bethany]]
:;Iowa
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} on the [[Iowa]] state line south of [[Lamoni, Iowa|Lamoni]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|34}} in [[Osceola, Iowa|Osceola]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|80|I|235|dab2=Iowa}} in [[West Des Moines, Iowa|West Des Moines]]; I-35/I-80 travels concurrently to [[Ankeny, Iowa|Ankeny]].
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|6}} on the [[Clive, Iowa|Clive]]–[[Urbandale, Iowa|Urbandale]] city line
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} in [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|80|I|235|dab2=Iowa}} in Ankeny
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|30}} southeast of [[Ames, Iowa|Ames]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|20}} southeast of [[Blairsburg, Iowa|Blairsburg]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|18}} south-southeast of [[Clear Lake, Iowa|Clear Lake]]; the highways travel concurrently to Clear Lake.
:;Minnesota
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|65}} southeast of [[Albert Lea, Minnesota|Albert Lea]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|65}} in Albert Lea
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|90}} northeast of Albert Lea
:: {{jct|country=USA|US|14|US|218}} in [[Owatonna, Minnesota|Owatonna]]
:: {{jct|country=USA|I|35E|dab1=Minnesota|I|35W|dab2=Minnesota}} in [[Burnsville, Minnesota|Burnsville]]
;Northern segment
:;Minnesota
::{{jct|country=USA|I|35E|dab1=Minnesota|I|35W|dab2=Minnesota}} in [[Columbus, Minnesota|Columbus]]
::{{jct|country=USA|US|8}} in [[Forest Lake, Minnesota|Forest Lake]]
::{{jct|country=USA|US|61}} in [[Wyoming, Minnesota|Wyoming]]
::{{jct|country=USA|US|2}} in [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]]; the highways travel concurrently through Duluth.
::{{jct|country=USA|I|535|US|53}} in Duluth
::{{jct|state=MN|MN|61}} in Duluth

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Interstate35.ogg|date=April 3, 2010}}
{{Commons category|Interstate 35}}
* {{Osmrelation-inline|366130}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051118072259/http://www.kcstar.com/fyi/travel/i35/i35.htm Kansas City Star's "I-35 Odyssey, A Summer Travel Series"]
* [https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history ''Highway History'' - A Look at the History of the Federal Highway Administration]
* [http://www.texasfreeway.com/Austin/photos/i35/i35.shtml ''Interstate 35 Through Austin'']

{{I-35 aux}}
{{Interstates}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Interstate 35| ]]
[[Category:Interstate Highway System|35]]
[[Category:Pan-American Highway]]