Apostasy in Judaism: Difference between revisions
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Several notorious Inquisitors in the later [[Spanish Inquisition]], such as [[Tomás de Torquemada]], and Don Francisco the [[archbishop of Coria]], are suspected to be descendants of apostate Jews. Other apostates, that made their mark in history by attempting the conversion of other Jews in the [[1300s]] and [[1400s]], include [[Juan de Valladolid]] and [[Astruc Remoch]]. |
Several notorious Inquisitors in the later [[Spanish Inquisition]], such as [[Tomás de Torquemada]], and Don Francisco the [[archbishop of Coria]], are suspected to be descendants of apostate Jews. Other apostates, that made their mark in history by attempting the conversion of other Jews in the [[1300s]] and [[1400s]], include [[Juan de Valladolid]] and [[Astruc Remoch]]. |
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Some Spanish Jews, however, were compelled to convert to Christianity, and remained "hidden" Jews (see [[Anusim]]). They are called [[Marranos]].<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=169&letter=M |
Some Spanish Jews, however, were compelled to convert to Christianity, and remained "hidden" Jews (see [[Anusim]]). They are called [[Marranos]].<ref>[[Joseph Jacobs]] and [[Meyer Kayserling]]. "[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=169&letter=M Marano]." ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]''. JewishEncyclopedia.com.</ref> |
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[[Sabbatai Zevi]] presented himself as the [[Jewish Messiah]], his followers being known as [[Sabbateans]]. Under the threat of death by the Ottoman Sultan, he and many of his followers converted to Islam. However, many of these conversions were insincere and the [[Donmeh]] (Turkish for "converse") remained rendering cult to Zvi while externally being Muslims. |
[[Sabbatai Zevi]] presented himself as the [[Jewish Messiah]], his followers being known as [[Sabbateans]]. Under the threat of death by the Ottoman Sultan, he and many of his followers converted to Islam. However, many of these conversions were insincere and the [[Donmeh]] (Turkish for "converse") remained rendering cult to Zvi while externally being Muslims. |
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==Notes and references== |
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==References== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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[[Category:Jews]] |
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Revision as of 22:56, 19 December 2007
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According to orthodox Judaism, Jews in apostasy are Jews who have abandoned Judaism and have joined another religion. The term apostasy is derived from Greek ἀποστάτης, meaning "political rebel", as applied to rebellion against God, its law and the faith of Israel (in Hebrew מרד). [citation needed]
Other expressions for apostate as used by rabbinical scholars are "mumar" (מומר, literally "the one that changes") and "poshea Israel" (פושע ישראל, literally, "transgressor of Israel"), or simply "kofer" (כופר, literally "denier").
Other terms used are meshumad, meaning one who has abandoned his faith, or min and apikorus which denote the "negation" of God and Judaism implying atheism.
The first recorded case of apostasy in Judaism is referred to in the words of the prophet Ezekiel (Ezek. xxxii, 23,24), thought to be prophetic of the High Priests Jason and Menelaus who deserted their religion and their nation to the horror and hatred of their contemporaries.
In the Talmud, Elisha Ben Abuyah (known as Aḥer, the other) is singled out as an apostate and epicurean by the Pharisees.
In Medieval Spain, a systematic conversion of Jews to Christianity took place, some of which under threats and force. The cases of apostasy of these Conversos provoked the indignation of the Jewish communities in Spain.[citation needed]
Several notorious Inquisitors in the later Spanish Inquisition, such as Tomás de Torquemada, and Don Francisco the archbishop of Coria, are suspected to be descendants of apostate Jews. Other apostates, that made their mark in history by attempting the conversion of other Jews in the 1300s and 1400s, include Juan de Valladolid and Astruc Remoch.
Some Spanish Jews, however, were compelled to convert to Christianity, and remained "hidden" Jews (see Anusim). They are called Marranos.[1]
Sabbatai Zevi presented himself as the Jewish Messiah, his followers being known as Sabbateans. Under the threat of death by the Ottoman Sultan, he and many of his followers converted to Islam. However, many of these conversions were insincere and the Donmeh (Turkish for "converse") remained rendering cult to Zvi while externally being Muslims.
Jacob Frank presented himself as the successor of Zevi and attracted many followers in Poland. He was later baptized as a Catholic in the presence of the king of Poland. His Frankists also simulated being Catholics while adoring Frank.
Notes and references
- ^ Joseph Jacobs and Meyer Kayserling. "Marano." Jewish Encyclopedia. JewishEncyclopedia.com.
- Kaufmann Kohler and Richard Gottheil. "Apostasy and Apostates from Judaism." Jewish Encyclopedia. JewishEncyclopedia.com.
See also
- Conversion to Judaism
- Heresy in Orthodox Judaism
- Schisms among the Jews
- Who is a Jew?
- Halakha
- Ger tzedek
- Muslim Jew
- Religious disaffiliation