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'''Jibāl''' ({{lang-ar|جبال}}), also '''al-Jabal''' ({{lang-ar|الجبل}}), was the name given by the [[Arabs]] to a region and province located in western [[Iran]], under the [[Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid]] [[Caliphates]]. |
'''Jibāl''' ({{lang-ar|جبال}}), also '''al-Jabal''' ({{lang-ar|الجبل}}), was the name given by the [[Arabs]] to a region and province located in western [[Iran]], under the [[Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid]] [[Caliphates]]. |
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Its name means "the Mountains", being the plural of ''jabal'' ("mountain |
Its name means "the Mountains", being the plural of ''jabal'' ("mountain"), highlighting the region's mountainous nature in the [[Zagros]].{{sfn|Lockhart|1965|p=534}}{{sfn|Le Strange|1905|p=185}} Between the 12th and 14th centuries, the name Jibal was progressively abandoned, and it came to be mistakenly referred to as ''ʿIrāq ʿAjamī'' ("[[Persian Iraq]]") to distinguish it from "Arab Iraq" in [[Mesopotamia]].{{sfn|Lockhart|1965|p=534}}{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}{{sfn|Le Strange|1905|pp=185–186}} The region never had any precisely defined boundaries, but was held to be bounded by the [[Maranjab Desert]] in the east, by [[Fars Province|Fars]] and [[Khuzistan]] in the south, by [[Iraq]] in the south-west and west, by [[Adharbayjan]] in the north-west and by the [[Alborz Mountains]] in the north, making it roughly coterminous with the ancient country of [[Media (region)|Media]].{{sfn|Lockhart|1965|p=534}}{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} |
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Under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], Jibal formed a separate province, with its capital usually at [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]], until the Abbasids lost control in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} For most of the 9th century, however, the area was ruled by an [[Anarchy at Samarra|autonomous]] local dynasty, the [[Dulafids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}{{sfn|Donner|1995|pp=476–477}} In the late 10th and early 11th century, the larger portion of Jibal became one of the [[Buyid]] emirates, while the south passed to the [[Kakuyids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} |
Under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], Jibal formed a separate province, with its capital usually at [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]], until the Abbasids lost control in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} For most of the 9th century, however, the area was ruled by an [[Anarchy at Samarra|autonomous]] local dynasty, the [[Dulafids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}{{sfn|Donner|1995|pp=476–477}} In the late 10th and early 11th century, the larger portion of Jibal became one of the [[Buyid]] emirates, while the south passed to the [[Kakuyids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} |
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