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Under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], Jibal formed a separate province, with its capital usually at [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]], until the Abbasids lost control in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} For most of the 9th century, however, the area was ruled by an [[Anarchy at Samarra|autonomous]] local dynasty, the [[Dulafids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}{{sfn|Donner|1995|pp=476–477}} In the late 10th and early 11th century, the larger portion of Jibal became one of the [[Buyid]] emirates, while the south passed to the [[Kakuyids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}
Under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], Jibal formed a separate province, with its capital usually at [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]], until the Abbasids lost control in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} For most of the 9th century, however, the area was ruled by an [[Anarchy at Samarra|autonomous]] local dynasty, the [[Dulafids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}{{sfn|Donner|1995|pp=476–477}} In the late 10th and early 11th century, the larger portion of Jibal became one of the [[Buyid]] emirates, while the south passed to the [[Kakuyids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}


=== Pahla and Pahlawi ===
The language spoken in Jibal was known as Pahlavi, known as ''Fahla'' or ''Bahla'' in [[Arabic]] records. Although Pahlavi literally means [[Parthia]]n, the name had come to mean "heroic, old, ancient". "Pahlavi" most likely referred to a group of [[Western Iranian languages|northwestern Iranian languages and dialects]], which are still spoken today, such as [[Talysh language|Talysh]], [[Tati language (Iran)|Southern Tati]], or variants of [[Old Azeri|Adhari]].{{sfn|Paul|2000}}
{{Main Article|Pahla}}
The language spoken in Jibal was known as Pahlavi (arabized as ''Fahlawi''), the region of the language (including [[Atropatene]]) known as ''[[Fahla]]'' (''Pahlaw'', ''Fahlaw'') or ''Bahla'' in [[List of Muslim historians|Islamic]] records. "Pahlavi" referred to the Parthian inhabitants of the region and their language. Later, due to demographic and ethnic changes of the Parthian culture, it referred to a group of [[Western Iranian languages|northwestern Iranian languages and dialects]], such as [[Talysh language|Talysh]], [[Daylami language|Daylami]], [[Gorani language|Gorani]], [[Tati language (Iran)|Southern Tati]], or variants of [[Old Azeri|Adhari]].{{sfn|Paul|2000}}.
Although Pahlavi literally means [[Parthia]]n, the name today has come to mean "heroic", "old", "ancient"{{Citation needed}}.


==References==
==References==
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Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ   B b   C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç   D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð   E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə   F f   G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ   H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ   I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị   J j Ĵ ĵ   K k Ķ ķ   L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ   M m Ṃ ṃ   N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ   O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ   Ɔ ɔ   P p   Q q   R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ   S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß   T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ   U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ   V v   W w Ŵ ŵ   X x   Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ   Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž   ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ   Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ   Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ   Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ   Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π   Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ   Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω   {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г   Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ   Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж   З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і   Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к   Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м   Н н Њ њ О о П п   Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ   У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х   Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш   Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь   Э э Ю ю Я я   ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ   ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ   ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ   ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ   ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ   ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ   ɥ ʍ ɧ   ʼ   ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ   ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ   ɨ ʉ ɯ   ɪ ʏ ʊ   ø ɘ ɵ ɤ   ə ɚ   ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ   æ   ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ   ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ   ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪   {{IPA|}}

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  • Jibal: Sitelink, Title, Description: en, Statement: P625

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