Jibal: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Oranjelo100 (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Pahla region |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Distinguish|Jabal (disambiguation){{!}}Jabal}} |
{{Distinguish|Jabal (disambiguation){{!}}Jabal}} |
||
[[File:Lagekarte Dschibal.jpg|thumb|An 1886 map of the 10th |
[[File:Lagekarte Dschibal.jpg|thumb|An 1886 map of the 10th-century [[Near East]] showing the province of Jibal]] |
||
'''Jibāl''' ({{lang-ar|جبال}}) was the name given by the [[Arabs]] to a region and province located in western [[Iran]], under the [[Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid]] [[Caliphates]]. |
'''Jibāl''' ({{lang-ar|جبال}}) was the name given by the [[Arabs]] to a region and province located in western [[Iran]], under the [[Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid]] [[Caliphates]]. |
||
Its name means " |
Its name means "the Mountains", being the plural of ''jabal'' ("mountain, hill"), highlighting the region's mountainous nature in the [[Zagros]].{{sfn|Lockhart|1965|p=534}}{{sfn|Le Strange|1905|p=185}} Between the 12th and 14th centuries, the name Jibal was progressively abandoned, and it came to be mistakenly referred to as ''ʿIrāq ʿAjamī'' ("[[Persian Iraq]]") to distinguish it from "Arab Iraq" in [[Mesopotamia]].{{sfn|Lockhart|1965|p=534}}{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}{{sfn|Le Strange|1905|pp=185–186}} The region never had any precisely defined boundaries, but was held to be bounded by the [[Maranjab Desert]] in the east, by [[Fars Province|Fars]] and [[Khuzistan]] in the south, by [[Iraq]] in the south-west and west, by [[Adharbayjan]] in the north-west and by the [[Alborz Mountains]] in the north, making it roughly coterminous with the ancient country of [[Media (region)|Media]].{{sfn|Lockhart|1965|p=534}}{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} |
||
Under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], Jibal formed a separate province, with its capital usually at [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]], until the Abbasids lost control in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} For most of the 9th century, however, the area was ruled by an autonomous local dynasty, the [[Dulafids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}{{sfn|Donner|1995|pp=476–477}} In the late 10th and early 11th century, the larger portion of Jibal became one of the [[Buyid]] emirates, while the south passed to the [[Kakuyids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} |
Under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], Jibal formed a separate province, with its capital usually at [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]], until the Abbasids lost control in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} For most of the 9th century, however, the area was ruled by an autonomous local dynasty, the [[Dulafids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}}{{sfn|Donner|1995|pp=476–477}} In the late 10th and early 11th century, the larger portion of Jibal became one of the [[Buyid]] emirates, while the south passed to the [[Kakuyids]].{{sfn|Bosworth|1998|p=538}} |
||
Jibal and [[Azerbaijan]] were considered part of the '''Pahla''' region ('''Fahla''').<ref>{{cite book|last=Crone|first=Patricia|authorlink=Patricia Crone|title=The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7k0hAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31|date= 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-51076-9|page=31|quote= In the period of interest to us, the Pahla region was the Jibal and Azerbaijan (including [[Rayy]] and [[Isfahan]]}}</ref> The name ''Pahla'' is related to ''[[pahlaviyat]]'' (poems) and ''[[Pahlavi]]''. |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Revision as of 03:04, 6 October 2018
Jibāl (Arabic: جبال) was the name given by the Arabs to a region and province located in western Iran, under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates.
Its name means "the Mountains", being the plural of jabal ("mountain, hill"), highlighting the region's mountainous nature in the Zagros.[1][2] Between the 12th and 14th centuries, the name Jibal was progressively abandoned, and it came to be mistakenly referred to as ʿIrāq ʿAjamī ("Persian Iraq") to distinguish it from "Arab Iraq" in Mesopotamia.[1][3][4] The region never had any precisely defined boundaries, but was held to be bounded by the Maranjab Desert in the east, by Fars and Khuzistan in the south, by Iraq in the south-west and west, by Adharbayjan in the north-west and by the Alborz Mountains in the north, making it roughly coterminous with the ancient country of Media.[1][3]
Under the Abbasid Caliphate, Jibal formed a separate province, with its capital usually at Rayy, until the Abbasids lost control in the early 10th century.[3] For most of the 9th century, however, the area was ruled by an autonomous local dynasty, the Dulafids.[3][5] In the late 10th and early 11th century, the larger portion of Jibal became one of the Buyid emirates, while the south passed to the Kakuyids.[3]
Jibal and Azerbaijan were considered part of the Pahla region (Fahla).[6] The name Pahla is related to pahlaviyat (poems) and Pahlavi.
References
- ^ a b c Lockhart 1965, p. 534.
- ^ Le Strange 1905, p. 185.
- ^ a b c d e Bosworth 1998, p. 538.
- ^ Le Strange 1905, pp. 185–186.
- ^ Donner 1995, pp. 476–477.
- ^ Crone, Patricia (2012). The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-139-51076-9.
In the period of interest to us, the Pahla region was the Jibal and Azerbaijan (including Rayy and Isfahan
Sources
- Bosworth, C. E. (1998). "ʿERĀQ-E ʿAJAM(Ī)". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 5. p. 538. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Donner, Fred M. (1995). "DOLAFIDS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VII, Fasc. 5. pp. 476–477. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Le Strange, Guy (1905). The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. OCLC 1044046.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Lockhart, L. (1965). "D̲j̲ibāl". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 534. OCLC 495469475.