Joshua Soule Zimmerman: Difference between revisions
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'''Joshua Soule Zimmerman''' (January 16, 1874 – September 2, 1962) was an American lawyer, politician, and orchardist in the [[U.S. state]] of [[West Virginia]]. Zimmerman served as the [[Prosecutor|Prosecuting Attorney]] for [[Hampshire County, West Virginia|Hampshire County]] (1900–1910) and as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[West Virginia House of Delegates]] (1921–1924). |
'''Joshua Soule Zimmerman''' (January 16, 1874 – September 2, 1962) was an American lawyer, politician, and orchardist in the [[U.S. state]] of [[West Virginia]]. Zimmerman served as the [[Prosecutor|Prosecuting Attorney]] for [[Hampshire County, West Virginia|Hampshire County]] (1900–1910) and as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[West Virginia House of Delegates]] (1921–1924). |
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Zimmerman was born in [[La Plata, Maryland|La Plata]] to Reverend George Henry Zimmerman, a [[Methodism|Methodist]] pastor and church administrator. He began his post-secondary education at [[Roanoke College]] and received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Randolph–Macon College]] in 1892. He worked as a clerk in the [[United States Census Bureau|United States Census Office]] in Washington, D.C. and earned a [[Bachelor of Laws]] degree in 1896 from [[George Washington University|Columbian University]] [[George Washington University Law School|Law School]]. Following his graduation, Zimmerman opened a law office in [[Romney, West Virginia]] in July 1896 and engaged in the [[practice of law]] there. He provided legal services to |
Zimmerman was born in [[La Plata, Maryland|La Plata]] to Reverend George Henry Zimmerman, a [[Methodism|Methodist]] pastor and church administrator. He began his post-secondary education at [[Roanoke College]] and received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Randolph–Macon College]] in 1892. He worked as a clerk in the [[United States Census Bureau|United States Census Office]] in Washington, D.C., and earned a [[Bachelor of Laws]] degree in 1896 from [[George Washington University|Columbian University]] [[George Washington University Law School|Law School]]. Following his graduation, Zimmerman opened a law office in [[Romney, West Virginia]], in July 1896 and engaged in the [[practice of law]] there. He provided legal services to a number of companies and organizations including Capon Valley Bank, Hampshire County's Legal Advisory Board, the Hampshire County Food Administration, and Hampshire County orchard owners. Zimmerman was the secretary for the [[Winchester and Western Railroad]]. |
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While serving in the West Virginia House of Delegates, Zimmerman was appointed by [[List of Governors of West Virginia|West Virginia Governor]] [[John J. Cornwell|John Jacob Cornwell]] to serve on a [[West Virginia Legislature]] [[select committee]] charged with drafting a [[road transport]] |
While serving in the West Virginia House of Delegates, Zimmerman was appointed by [[List of Governors of West Virginia|West Virginia Governor]] [[John J. Cornwell|John Jacob Cornwell]] to serve on a [[West Virginia Legislature]] [[select committee]] charged with drafting a [[road transport|road transportation]] [[Bill (law)|bill]] known as the West Virginia State Road Law. He was again appointed by Governor Cornwell to serve on a similar select committee following the [[ratification]] of the "Good Roads Amendment" of the [[Constitution of West Virginia]] in 1920. In addition to serving in the West Virginia House of Delegates, Zimmerman was the chairman of the Hampshire County Democratic Party Committee and a member of the [[West Virginia's 2nd congressional district|Second District]] Congressional Committee; he also participated in judicial, senatorial, and state conventions. Zimmerman played an active role in the [[Commercial agriculture|commercial]] apple orchard industry of Hampshire County, and he operated at least three commercial orchards there. |
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== Early life and family == |
== Early life and family == |
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Joshua Soule Zimmerman was born on January 16, 1874 near [[La Plata, Maryland|La Plata]] in [[Charles County, Maryland]] at the ancestral home of his mother, Henrietta A. Rowe Zimmerman.<ref name = "Munske1">{{Harvnb|Munske|Kerns|2004|p=179.}}</ref><ref name = "Harris1">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=161.}}</ref><ref name = "Pugh1">{{Harvnb|Pugh|2009|p=275.}}</ref> His father was Reverend George Henry Zimmerman, a [[Methodism|Methodist]] pastor and church administrator whose family originated from an estate in [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore County]] near [[Baltimore, Maryland]].<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "AHS1">{{Harvnb|American Historical Society|1923|p=524.}}</ref> Zimmerman's father presided over the [[Moorefield, West Virginia|Moorefield]] district of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church, South]] (1894–1898).<ref name = "Pugh1"/><ref name = "Maxwell1">{{Harvnb|Maxwell|Swisher|1897|p=379.}}</ref><ref name = "Maxwell2">{{Harvnb|Maxwell|Swisher|1897|p=381.}}</ref> Zimmerman had two brothers: Edgar Rowe Zimmerman of [[Ruxton-Riderwood, Maryland|Ruxton]], Maryland and George Henry Zimmerman of [[Whitesburg, Kentucky]].<ref name = "Pugh1"/><ref name = "AHS1"/> |
Joshua Soule Zimmerman was born on January 16, 1874, near [[La Plata, Maryland|La Plata]] in [[Charles County, Maryland]], at the ancestral home of his mother, Henrietta A. Rowe Zimmerman.<ref name = "Munske1">{{Harvnb|Munske|Kerns|2004|p=179.}}</ref><ref name = "Harris1">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=161.}}</ref><ref name = "Pugh1">{{Harvnb|Pugh|2009|p=275.}}</ref> His father was Reverend George Henry Zimmerman, a [[Methodism|Methodist]] pastor and church administrator whose family originated from an estate in [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore County]] near [[Baltimore, Maryland]].<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "AHS1">{{Harvnb|American Historical Society|1923|p=524.}}</ref> Zimmerman's father presided over the [[Moorefield, West Virginia|Moorefield]] district of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church, South]] (1894–1898).<ref name = "Pugh1"/><ref name = "Maxwell1">{{Harvnb|Maxwell|Swisher|1897|p=379.}}</ref><ref name = "Maxwell2">{{Harvnb|Maxwell|Swisher|1897|p=381.}}</ref> Zimmerman had two brothers: Edgar Rowe Zimmerman of [[Ruxton-Riderwood, Maryland|Ruxton]], Maryland, and George Henry Zimmerman of [[Whitesburg, Kentucky]].<ref name = "Pugh1"/><ref name = "AHS1"/> |
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The pastoral profession of Zimmerman's father caused his family to relocate to a number of towns throughout |
The pastoral profession of Zimmerman's father caused his family to relocate to a number of towns throughout Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia.<ref name = "AHS1"/> Zimmerman spent the majority of his youth in [[Woodstock, Virginia|Woodstock]] and [[Salem, Virginia]], before his father transferred to [[Romney, West Virginia]], to preside over the Moorefield district of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "AHS1"/> |
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== Education == |
== Education == |
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Zimmerman attended [[Roanoke College]] in Salem, Virginia from 1885 to 1886 and in 1888 |
Zimmerman attended [[Roanoke College]] in Salem, Virginia, from 1885 to 1886, and in 1888 he began attending [[Randolph–Macon College]] in [[Ashland, Virginia]], where he graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1892.<ref name = "Katzenberger1">{{Harvnb|Katzenberger|1897|p=175.}}</ref><ref name = "CUP1">{{Harvnb|Columbian University Press|1893|p=140.}}</ref><ref name = "PDT1">{{Harvnb|Phi Delta Theta|1963|p=216.}}</ref> Following his graduation, Zimmerman worked briefly as a tutor on a plantation near [[Shelby, Mississippi]].<ref name = "AHS1"/> |
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In 1893, Zimmerman accepted the position of a clerk in the [[United States Census Bureau|United States Census Office]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] during the second administration of President [[Grover Cleveland]].<ref name = "AHS1"/> During his three years serving in the United States Census Office, Zimmerman completed night courses in [[jurisprudence]] at [[George Washington University|Columbian University]] [[George Washington University Law School|Law School]] and he graduated from the institution with a [[Bachelor of Laws]] degree in 1896.<ref name = "Katzenberger1"/><ref name = "CUP1"/><ref name = "CUP2">{{Harvnb|Columbian University Press|1893|p=223.}}</ref> While attending Columbian University, Zimmerman also served as editor of the 1896 ''Class Book'' and resided at 915 |
In 1893, Zimmerman accepted the position of a clerk in the [[United States Census Bureau|United States Census Office]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], during the second administration of President [[Grover Cleveland]].<ref name = "AHS1"/> During his three years serving in the United States Census Office, Zimmerman completed night courses in [[jurisprudence]] at [[George Washington University|Columbian University]] [[George Washington University Law School|Law School]], and he graduated from the institution with a [[Bachelor of Laws]] degree in 1896.<ref name = "Katzenberger1"/><ref name = "CUP1"/><ref name = "CUP2">{{Harvnb|Columbian University Press|1893|p=223.}}</ref> While attending Columbian University, Zimmerman also served as editor of the 1896 ''Class Book'' and resided at 915 I Street, [[Northwest, Washington, D.C.|Northwest]] near [[Mount Vernon Square]].<ref name = "Katzenberger1"/><ref name = "CUP1"/> |
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Zimmerman was a member of the [[Phi Delta Theta]] social [[Fraternities and sororities in North America|fraternity]] and of the [[Phi Delta Phi]] legal honor society.<ref name = "Katzenberger1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/><ref name = "Katzenberger2">{{Harvnb|Katzenberger|1909|p=191.}}</ref> He was later made a Golden Legionnaire of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.<ref name = "PDT1"/> |
Zimmerman was a member of the [[Phi Delta Theta]] social [[Fraternities and sororities in North America|fraternity]] and of the [[Phi Delta Phi]] legal honor society.<ref name = "Katzenberger1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/><ref name = "Katzenberger2">{{Harvnb|Katzenberger|1909|p=191.}}</ref> He was later made a Golden Legionnaire of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.<ref name = "PDT1"/> |
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== Law career == |
== Law career == |
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Following his graduation from Columbian University Law School, Zimmerman opened his law office in Romney, West Virginia in July 1896 and began engaging in the practice of law there.<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "AHS2">{{Harvnb|American Historical Society|1923|p=525.}}</ref> His first [[legal case]] argued before the Hampshire County Circuit Court |
Following his graduation from Columbian University Law School, Zimmerman opened his law office in Romney, West Virginia, in July 1896 and began engaging in the practice of law there.<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "AHS2">{{Harvnb|American Historical Society|1923|p=525.}}</ref> His first [[legal case]] argued before the Hampshire County Circuit Court was ''West Virginia v. Smith'', in which his client was charged with "breaking and entering with intent to commit [[larceny]]".<ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman lost this case.<ref name = "AHS2"/> In [[Hu Maxwell]] and [[Howard Llewellyn Swisher]]'s '' History of Hampshire County, West Virginia: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present'' (1897), Zimmerman was described as "a young man" who had "made his success at the bar of Hampshire".<ref name = "Maxwell3">{{Harvnb|Maxwell|Swisher|1897|p=497.}}</ref> Zimmerman's law practice expanded, and he began arguing cases in adjoining West Virginia county courts and in both the West Virginia state and [[United States federal courts]].<ref name = "AHS2"/> |
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Only seven years after starting his law practice, Zimmerman was appointed to fill the unexpired term of [[Prosecutor|Prosecuting Attorney]] for [[Hampshire County, West Virginia|Hampshire County]], [[William B. Cornwell]], who had resigned from the position.<ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "PDT1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman was subsequently reelected twice to the position, and he served as Hampshire County's prosecuting attorney from 1900 until 1910 (a total of nine years and three months).<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman also served as one of three chancery commissioners for Hampshire County, during which he served with [[Christian Streit White]], [[Robert White (West Virginia State Senator)|Robert White]], and [[James Sloan Kuykendall]].<ref name = "WVL1">{{Harvnb|West Virginia Legislature|1916|p=69.}}</ref><ref name = "Harris7">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=814.}}</ref> He was a member of the West Virginia Bar Association.<ref name = "AHS2"/> |
Only seven years after starting his law practice, Zimmerman was appointed to fill the unexpired term of [[Prosecutor|Prosecuting Attorney]] for [[Hampshire County, West Virginia|Hampshire County]], [[William B. Cornwell]], who had resigned from the position.<ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "PDT1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman was subsequently reelected twice to the position, and he served as Hampshire County's prosecuting attorney from 1900 until 1910 (a total of nine years and three months).<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman also served as one of three chancery commissioners for Hampshire County, during which he served with [[Christian Streit White]], [[Robert White (West Virginia State Senator)|Robert White]], and [[James Sloan Kuykendall]].<ref name = "WVL1">{{Harvnb|West Virginia Legislature|1916|p=69.}}</ref><ref name = "Harris7">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=814.}}</ref> He was a member of the West Virginia Bar Association.<ref name = "AHS2"/> |
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Zimmerman was the lawyer for the Capon Valley Bank, headquartered in [[Wardensville, West Virginia]], and provided his legal services to secure the bank's [[Incorporation (business)|incorporation]].<ref name = "AHS2"/> During World War |
Zimmerman was the lawyer for the Capon Valley Bank, headquartered in [[Wardensville, West Virginia]], and provided his legal services to secure the bank's [[Incorporation (business)|incorporation]].<ref name = "AHS2"/> During World War I, Zimmerman served as a member of Hampshire County's Legal Advisory Board and was the lawyer for the County Food Administration.<ref name = "AHS2"/> Following the outbreak of World War I, Zimmerman registered for the draft during the registration for men aged 18 through 45 under the [[Selective Service Act of 1917]].<ref name = "AHS2"/> After the [[Winchester and Western Railroad|Winchester and Western Railroad Company]] received its charter on August 31, 1916, to build and operate a rail line connecting [[Wardensville, West Virginia|Wardensville]] and the [[Lost River (Cacapon River)|Lost River]] valley of West Virginia to the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] and the [[Cumberland Valley Railroad]] at [[Winchester, Virginia]], Zimmerman served as the company's secretary.<ref name = "VSCC1">{{Harvnb|Virginia State Corporation Commission|1917|p=242.}}</ref><ref name = "Poor1">{{Harvnb|Poor|1922|p=2087.}}</ref><ref name = "Camp1">{{Harvnb|Camp|1916|p=398.}}</ref> |
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== Political career == |
== Political career == |
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[[File:J. S. Zimmerman.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Portrait of Joshua Soule Zimmerman as a young lawyer, prior to 1897 |
[[File:J. S. Zimmerman.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Portrait of Joshua Soule Zimmerman as a young lawyer, prior to 1897]] |
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Zimmerman became a prominent leader within the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in Hampshire County, which was the dominant political party in the county. At various times, Zimmerman served as the chairman of the Hampshire County Democratic Party Committee, a member of the [[West Virginia's 2nd congressional district|Second District]] Congressional Committee, and attended judicial, senatorial, and state conventions.<ref name = "AHS2"/> |
Zimmerman became a prominent leader within the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in Hampshire County, which was the dominant political party in the county. At various times, Zimmerman served as the chairman of the Hampshire County Democratic Party Committee, a member of the [[West Virginia's 2nd congressional district|Second District]] Congressional Committee, and attended judicial, senatorial, and state conventions.<ref name = "AHS2"/> |
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=== West Virginia House of Delegates === |
=== West Virginia House of Delegates === |
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Zimmerman was nominated as the Democratic Party candidate for a seat representing Hampshire County in the [[West Virginia House of Delegates]] in 1920.<ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman won the seat against [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] candidate C. |
Zimmerman was nominated as the Democratic Party candidate for a seat representing Hampshire County in the [[West Virginia House of Delegates]] in 1920.<ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman won the seat against [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] candidate C. W. Rogers in the November 1920 [[general election]]<ref name = "AHS2"/><ref name = "Harris6">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=341.}}</ref> and subsequently served as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from 1921 to 1924.<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "Munske2">{{Harvnb|Munske|Kerns|2004|p=180.}}</ref> Following his election, Zimmerman was made the Democratic Party's [[floor leader]] in the West Virginia House of Delegates.<ref name = "PDT1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> |
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Zimmerman was appointed by [[List of Governors of West Virginia|West Virginia Governor]] [[John J. Cornwell|John Jacob Cornwell]] to serve on a [[West Virginia Legislature]] [[select committee]] charged with drafting a [[road transport]] |
Zimmerman was appointed by [[List of Governors of West Virginia|West Virginia Governor]] [[John J. Cornwell|John Jacob Cornwell]] to serve on a [[West Virginia Legislature]] [[select committee]] charged with drafting a [[road transport|road transportation]] [[Bill (law)|bill]] under [[West Virginia Senate]] Joint Resolution No. 21 of May 21, 1919, known as the West Virginia State Road Law.<ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> The new West Virginia State Road Law became necessary following the authorization of a 50 million [[United States dollar|USD]] bond issue during the 1920 general election.<ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman was again appointed by Governor Cornwell to serve on a similar select committee following the [[ratification]] of the "Good Roads Amendment" of the [[Constitution of West Virginia]] in 1920.<ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> |
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During the 1921 legislative session, Zimmerman was assigned to the Judiciary, Roads, and Game and Fish committees.<ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "Harris2">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=176.}}</ref><ref name = "Harris3">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=178.}}</ref> Also during the 1921 legislative session, he sponsored the following bills: |
During the 1921 legislative session, Zimmerman was assigned to the Judiciary, Roads, and Game and Fish committees.<ref name = "Harris1"/><ref name = "Harris2">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=176.}}</ref><ref name = "Harris3">{{Harvnb|Harris|1922|p=178.}}</ref> Also during the 1921 legislative session, he sponsored the following bills: |
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== Agricultural pursuits == |
== Agricultural pursuits == |
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Zimmerman played an active role in the [[Commercial agriculture|commercial]] apple orchard industry of Hampshire County, in which he was responsible for the promotion of several of the county's orchard companies, served as an officer and legal advisor to orchard companies, and owned {{convert|150|acre|km2|}} of his own commercial apple orchards.<ref name = "AHS2"/> In November 1906, Zimmerman, [[Henry Bell Gilkeson]], R. |
Zimmerman played an active role in the [[Commercial agriculture|commercial]] apple orchard industry of Hampshire County, in which he was responsible for the promotion of several of the county's orchard companies, served as an officer and legal advisor to orchard companies, and owned {{convert|150|acre|km2|}} of his own commercial apple orchards.<ref name = "AHS2"/> In November 1906, Zimmerman, [[Henry Bell Gilkeson]], R. W. Dailey, Jr., and P. J. Ruckman were incorporators of the Mill Mountain Orchard Company, which operated [[orchard]]s along the top of [[Mill Creek Mountain]] west of Romney.<ref name = "CET1">{{cite news| last = | first = | author-link =| title =Money In Orchards. | newspaper = Cumberland Evening Times | publication-place = [[Cumberland, Maryland]] | volume = | issue = | date = November 30, 1906 | page = 1 | url = http://www.newspapers.com/image/30692038/ | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref> According to the 1919 ''Census of the Commercial Apple Orchards in West Virginia'' published by the West Virginia Department of Agriculture, Zimmerman was engaged in the management of three commercial apple orchards near Romney, West Virginia: Fairfax Orchard Company, which produced [[Red Delicious|Stark Delicious]] apples;<ref name = "WVDA1">{{Harvnb|West Virginia Department of Agriculture|1918|p=36.}}</ref> Gilkeson, Hart & Zimmerman Orchard, which produced [[York Imperial]], Pennsylvania Winesap, [[Ben Davis (apple)|Ben Davis]], [[Stayman (apple)|Stayman Winesap]], [[Jonathan (apple)|Jonathan]], [[Grimes Golden]], and [[Rome apple|Rome Beauty]] apples;<ref name = "WVDA2">{{Harvnb|West Virginia Department of Agriculture|1918|p=65.}}</ref> and the Mill Mountain Orchard Company, which produced York Imperial, Stayman Winesap, Pennsylvania Winesap, [[Rambo apple|Rambo]], [[Northern Spy]], Canada Red, Ben Davis, Grimes Golden, Jonathan, Rome Beauty, [[White Transparent|Yellow Transparent]], and Stark apples.<ref name = "WVDA2"/> |
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== Marriage and children == |
== Marriage and children == |
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[[File:Indian Mound Cemetery Romney WV 2013 07 13 21.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Gravestone]] at the [[burial|interment site]] of Joshua Soule Zimmerman at [[Indian Mound Cemetery]] in [[Romney, West Virginia]] |
[[File:Indian Mound Cemetery Romney WV 2013 07 13 21.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Gravestone]] at the [[burial|interment site]] of Joshua Soule Zimmerman at [[Indian Mound Cemetery]] in [[Romney, West Virginia]]]] |
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Zimmerman married Kitty Campbell Vance on October 10, 1900 near Romney, West Virginia.<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/><ref name = "WVDCH2">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_mcdetail.aspx?Id=10995080 | title = Marriage Record Detail: Joshua Soule Zimmerman | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref> Kitty Campbell Vance was the daughter of John |
Zimmerman married Kitty Campbell Vance on October 10, 1900, near Romney, West Virginia.<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/><ref name = "WVDCH2">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_mcdetail.aspx?Id=10995080 | title = Marriage Record Detail: Joshua Soule Zimmerman | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref> Kitty Campbell Vance was the daughter of John T. and Mary Elizabeth Inskeep Vance of Romney.<ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman and his wife Kitty had four children:<ref name = "AHS2"/> |
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*Mary Elizabeth Zimmerman Kump (March 21, 1903 – 1994), married Garnett Kerr Kump in 1940 in Hampshire County, West Virginia<ref name = "WVDCH3">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_bcdetail.aspx?Id=2585005 | title = Birth Record Detail: Mary E. Zimmerman | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name = "WVDCH6">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_mcdetail.aspx?Id=10999190 | title = Marriage Record Detail: Garnett Kerr Kump in Hampshire County, West Virginia | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name = "HH2">{{cite web | url = http://www.historichampshire.org/test/cems/D-Kindianmnd.htm | title = Indian Mound Cemetery D-K Listing for All Sections | work = HistoricHampshire.org | publisher = HistoricHampshire.org, Charles C. Hall | accessdate = January 21, 2015}}</ref> |
*Mary Elizabeth Zimmerman Kump (March 21, 1903 – 1994), married Garnett Kerr Kump in 1940 in Hampshire County, West Virginia<ref name = "WVDCH3">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_bcdetail.aspx?Id=2585005 | title = Birth Record Detail: Mary E. Zimmerman | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name = "WVDCH6">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_mcdetail.aspx?Id=10999190 | title = Marriage Record Detail: Garnett Kerr Kump in Hampshire County, West Virginia | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name = "HH2">{{cite web | url = http://www.historichampshire.org/test/cems/D-Kindianmnd.htm | title = Indian Mound Cemetery D-K Listing for All Sections | work = HistoricHampshire.org | publisher = HistoricHampshire.org, Charles C. Hall | accessdate = January 21, 2015}}</ref> |
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*Vance Zimmerman (August 5, 1910 – September 27, 1976), married Mildred Sites in 1937 in Hampshire County, West Virginia<ref name = "HH1"/><ref name = "WVDCH1">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_bcdetail.aspx?Id=2581625 | title = Birth Record Detail: Vance Zimmerman | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name = "WVDCH5">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_mcdetail.aspx?Id=10999283 | title = Marriage Record Detail: Vance Zimmerman | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref> |
*Vance Zimmerman (August 5, 1910 – September 27, 1976), married Mildred Sites in 1937 in Hampshire County, West Virginia<ref name = "HH1"/><ref name = "WVDCH1">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_bcdetail.aspx?Id=2581625 | title = Birth Record Detail: Vance Zimmerman | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name = "WVDCH5">{{cite web | url = http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_mcdetail.aspx?Id=10999283 | title = Marriage Record Detail: Vance Zimmerman | work = West Virginia Vital Research Records | publisher = West Virginia Division of Culture and History | accessdate = January 24, 2015}}</ref> |
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Zimmerman was an active [[layperson]] in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South and served as a steward of the Romney Methodist Episcopal Church, South congregations.<ref name = "PDT1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> He also served for a number of years as the [[superintendent (education)|superintendent]] of the congregation's [[Sunday school]] program.<ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman represented the church in the Moorefield district and annual conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.<ref name = "AHS2"/> Despite his involvement in the Southern Methodist church, his wife Kitty and several of his children were [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]].<ref name = "AHS2"/> |
Zimmerman was an active [[layperson]] in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and served as a steward of the Romney Methodist Episcopal Church, South congregations.<ref name = "PDT1"/><ref name = "AHS2"/> He also served for a number of years as the [[superintendent (education)|superintendent]] of the congregation's [[Sunday school]] program.<ref name = "AHS2"/> Zimmerman represented the church in the Moorefield district and at annual conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.<ref name = "AHS2"/> Despite his involvement in the Southern Methodist church, his wife Kitty and several of his children were [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]].<ref name = "AHS2"/> |
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== Later life and death == |
== Later life and death == |
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Zimmerman's wife Kitty predeceased him in 1937.<ref name = "HH1"/> He died in [[Williamsport, Maryland]] on September 2, 1962.<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "PDT1"/> Zimmerman is [[burial|interred]] with his wife Kitty at [[Indian Mound Cemetery]] in Romney, West Virginia.<ref name = "HH1"/> He had practiced law in Romney, West Virginia for 66 years.<ref name = "PDT1"/> |
Zimmerman's wife Kitty predeceased him in 1937.<ref name = "HH1"/> He died in [[Williamsport, Maryland]], on September 2, 1962.<ref name = "Munske1"/><ref name = "PDT1"/> Zimmerman is [[burial|interred]] with his wife Kitty at [[Indian Mound Cemetery]] in Romney, West Virginia.<ref name = "HH1"/> He had practiced law in Romney, West Virginia, for 66 years.<ref name = "PDT1"/> |
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== References == |
== References == |
Revision as of 01:06, 6 September 2015
Honorable Joshua Soule Zimmerman | |
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Portrait of Joshua Soule Zimmerman during his tenure in the West Virginia House of Delegates. | |
Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the Hampshire County district | |
In office 1921–1924 | |
Preceded by | James Sloan Kuykendall |
Succeeded by | Henry Washington Campbell, Jr. |
Prosecuting Attorney for Hampshire County | |
In office 1900–1910 | |
Preceded by | William B. Cornwell |
Personal details | |
Born | near La Plata, Charles County, Maryland, United States | January 16, 1874
Died | September 2, 1962 Williamsport, Maryland, United States | (aged 88)
Resting place | Indian Mound Cemetery, Romney, West Virginia, United States |
Political party | Democratic Party |
Spouse | Kitty Campbell Vance |
Relations | George Henry Zimmerman (father) Henrietta A. Rowe (mother) |
Children | Mary Elizabeth Zimmerman Kump George Henry Zimmerman Kitty Campbell Zimmerman McCracken Vance Zimmerman |
Residence(s) | Romney, West Virginia, United States |
Alma mater | Roanoke College Randolph–Macon College (A.B.) Columbian University Law School (LL. B.) |
Profession | lawyer, politician, and orchardist |
Joshua Soule Zimmerman (January 16, 1874 – September 2, 1962) was an American lawyer, politician, and orchardist in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Zimmerman served as the Prosecuting Attorney for Hampshire County (1900–1910) and as a Democratic member of the West Virginia House of Delegates (1921–1924).
Zimmerman was born in La Plata to Reverend George Henry Zimmerman, a Methodist pastor and church administrator. He began his post-secondary education at Roanoke College and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Randolph–Macon College in 1892. He worked as a clerk in the United States Census Office in Washington, D.C., and earned a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1896 from Columbian University Law School. Following his graduation, Zimmerman opened a law office in Romney, West Virginia, in July 1896 and engaged in the practice of law there. He provided legal services to a number of companies and organizations including Capon Valley Bank, Hampshire County's Legal Advisory Board, the Hampshire County Food Administration, and Hampshire County orchard owners. Zimmerman was the secretary for the Winchester and Western Railroad.
While serving in the West Virginia House of Delegates, Zimmerman was appointed by West Virginia Governor John Jacob Cornwell to serve on a West Virginia Legislature select committee charged with drafting a road transportation bill known as the West Virginia State Road Law. He was again appointed by Governor Cornwell to serve on a similar select committee following the ratification of the "Good Roads Amendment" of the Constitution of West Virginia in 1920. In addition to serving in the West Virginia House of Delegates, Zimmerman was the chairman of the Hampshire County Democratic Party Committee and a member of the Second District Congressional Committee; he also participated in judicial, senatorial, and state conventions. Zimmerman played an active role in the commercial apple orchard industry of Hampshire County, and he operated at least three commercial orchards there.
Early life and family
Joshua Soule Zimmerman was born on January 16, 1874, near La Plata in Charles County, Maryland, at the ancestral home of his mother, Henrietta A. Rowe Zimmerman.[1][2][3] His father was Reverend George Henry Zimmerman, a Methodist pastor and church administrator whose family originated from an estate in Baltimore County near Baltimore, Maryland.[1][4] Zimmerman's father presided over the Moorefield district of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South (1894–1898).[3][5][6] Zimmerman had two brothers: Edgar Rowe Zimmerman of Ruxton, Maryland, and George Henry Zimmerman of Whitesburg, Kentucky.[3][4]
The pastoral profession of Zimmerman's father caused his family to relocate to a number of towns throughout Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia.[4] Zimmerman spent the majority of his youth in Woodstock and Salem, Virginia, before his father transferred to Romney, West Virginia, to preside over the Moorefield district of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.[1][4]
Education
Zimmerman attended Roanoke College in Salem, Virginia, from 1885 to 1886, and in 1888 he began attending Randolph–Macon College in Ashland, Virginia, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1892.[7][8][9] Following his graduation, Zimmerman worked briefly as a tutor on a plantation near Shelby, Mississippi.[4]
In 1893, Zimmerman accepted the position of a clerk in the United States Census Office in Washington, D.C., during the second administration of President Grover Cleveland.[4] During his three years serving in the United States Census Office, Zimmerman completed night courses in jurisprudence at Columbian University Law School, and he graduated from the institution with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1896.[7][8][10] While attending Columbian University, Zimmerman also served as editor of the 1896 Class Book and resided at 915 I Street, Northwest near Mount Vernon Square.[7][8]
Zimmerman was a member of the Phi Delta Theta social fraternity and of the Phi Delta Phi legal honor society.[7][11][12] He was later made a Golden Legionnaire of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.[9]
Law career
Following his graduation from Columbian University Law School, Zimmerman opened his law office in Romney, West Virginia, in July 1896 and began engaging in the practice of law there.[1][2][11] His first legal case argued before the Hampshire County Circuit Court was West Virginia v. Smith, in which his client was charged with "breaking and entering with intent to commit larceny".[11] Zimmerman lost this case.[11] In Hu Maxwell and Howard Llewellyn Swisher's History of Hampshire County, West Virginia: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present (1897), Zimmerman was described as "a young man" who had "made his success at the bar of Hampshire".[13] Zimmerman's law practice expanded, and he began arguing cases in adjoining West Virginia county courts and in both the West Virginia state and United States federal courts.[11]
Only seven years after starting his law practice, Zimmerman was appointed to fill the unexpired term of Prosecuting Attorney for Hampshire County, William B. Cornwell, who had resigned from the position.[2][9][11] Zimmerman was subsequently reelected twice to the position, and he served as Hampshire County's prosecuting attorney from 1900 until 1910 (a total of nine years and three months).[1][2][11] Zimmerman also served as one of three chancery commissioners for Hampshire County, during which he served with Christian Streit White, Robert White, and James Sloan Kuykendall.[14][15] He was a member of the West Virginia Bar Association.[11]
Zimmerman was the lawyer for the Capon Valley Bank, headquartered in Wardensville, West Virginia, and provided his legal services to secure the bank's incorporation.[11] During World War I, Zimmerman served as a member of Hampshire County's Legal Advisory Board and was the lawyer for the County Food Administration.[11] Following the outbreak of World War I, Zimmerman registered for the draft during the registration for men aged 18 through 45 under the Selective Service Act of 1917.[11] After the Winchester and Western Railroad Company received its charter on August 31, 1916, to build and operate a rail line connecting Wardensville and the Lost River valley of West Virginia to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Cumberland Valley Railroad at Winchester, Virginia, Zimmerman served as the company's secretary.[16][17][18]
Political career
Zimmerman became a prominent leader within the Democratic Party in Hampshire County, which was the dominant political party in the county. At various times, Zimmerman served as the chairman of the Hampshire County Democratic Party Committee, a member of the Second District Congressional Committee, and attended judicial, senatorial, and state conventions.[11]
West Virginia House of Delegates
Zimmerman was nominated as the Democratic Party candidate for a seat representing Hampshire County in the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1920.[2][11] Zimmerman won the seat against Republican Party candidate C. W. Rogers in the November 1920 general election[11][19] and subsequently served as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from 1921 to 1924.[1][2][20] Following his election, Zimmerman was made the Democratic Party's floor leader in the West Virginia House of Delegates.[9][11]
Zimmerman was appointed by West Virginia Governor John Jacob Cornwell to serve on a West Virginia Legislature select committee charged with drafting a road transportation bill under West Virginia Senate Joint Resolution No. 21 of May 21, 1919, known as the West Virginia State Road Law.[2][11] The new West Virginia State Road Law became necessary following the authorization of a 50 million USD bond issue during the 1920 general election.[11] Zimmerman was again appointed by Governor Cornwell to serve on a similar select committee following the ratification of the "Good Roads Amendment" of the Constitution of West Virginia in 1920.[2][11]
During the 1921 legislative session, Zimmerman was assigned to the Judiciary, Roads, and Game and Fish committees.[2][21][22] Also during the 1921 legislative session, he sponsored the following bills:
- H.B. 274 (Ch. 158), which gave county courts the authority to impose a "special building levy" not to exceed 30 cents for the purpose of completing the construction or repair of county courthouses.[23]
- H.B. 392 (Ch. 49), which provided for the establishment of a county high school for Hampshire County and authorized the Hampshire County Board of Education to impose a levy not to exceed 30 cents for three years to construct and maintain the high school.[24]
Throughout his tenure in the West Virginia House of Delegates, Zimmerman supported legislation that strictly enforced prohibition.[11]
Agricultural pursuits
Zimmerman played an active role in the commercial apple orchard industry of Hampshire County, in which he was responsible for the promotion of several of the county's orchard companies, served as an officer and legal advisor to orchard companies, and owned 150 acres (0.61 km2) of his own commercial apple orchards.[11] In November 1906, Zimmerman, Henry Bell Gilkeson, R. W. Dailey, Jr., and P. J. Ruckman were incorporators of the Mill Mountain Orchard Company, which operated orchards along the top of Mill Creek Mountain west of Romney.[25] According to the 1919 Census of the Commercial Apple Orchards in West Virginia published by the West Virginia Department of Agriculture, Zimmerman was engaged in the management of three commercial apple orchards near Romney, West Virginia: Fairfax Orchard Company, which produced Stark Delicious apples;[26] Gilkeson, Hart & Zimmerman Orchard, which produced York Imperial, Pennsylvania Winesap, Ben Davis, Stayman Winesap, Jonathan, Grimes Golden, and Rome Beauty apples;[27] and the Mill Mountain Orchard Company, which produced York Imperial, Stayman Winesap, Pennsylvania Winesap, Rambo, Northern Spy, Canada Red, Ben Davis, Grimes Golden, Jonathan, Rome Beauty, Yellow Transparent, and Stark apples.[27]
Marriage and children
Zimmerman married Kitty Campbell Vance on October 10, 1900, near Romney, West Virginia.[1][11][28] Kitty Campbell Vance was the daughter of John T. and Mary Elizabeth Inskeep Vance of Romney.[11] Zimmerman and his wife Kitty had four children:[11]
- Mary Elizabeth Zimmerman Kump (March 21, 1903 – 1994), married Garnett Kerr Kump in 1940 in Hampshire County, West Virginia[29][30][31]
- George Henry Zimmerman (February 20, 1905 – 1987)[32][33]
- Kitty Campbell Zimmerman McCracken, married James Paris McCracken of Cisco, Texas at the Romney Presbyterian Church in Romney, West Virginia on August 20, 1946[25][34]
- Vance Zimmerman (August 5, 1910 – September 27, 1976), married Mildred Sites in 1937 in Hampshire County, West Virginia[32][35][36]
Zimmerman was an active layperson in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and served as a steward of the Romney Methodist Episcopal Church, South congregations.[9][11] He also served for a number of years as the superintendent of the congregation's Sunday school program.[11] Zimmerman represented the church in the Moorefield district and at annual conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.[11] Despite his involvement in the Southern Methodist church, his wife Kitty and several of his children were Presbyterian.[11]
Later life and death
Zimmerman's wife Kitty predeceased him in 1937.[32] He died in Williamsport, Maryland, on September 2, 1962.[1][9] Zimmerman is interred with his wife Kitty at Indian Mound Cemetery in Romney, West Virginia.[32] He had practiced law in Romney, West Virginia, for 66 years.[9]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Munske & Kerns 2004, p. 179.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Harris 1922, p. 161.
- ^ a b c Pugh 2009, p. 275.
- ^ a b c d e f American Historical Society 1923, p. 524.
- ^ Maxwell & Swisher 1897, p. 379.
- ^ Maxwell & Swisher 1897, p. 381.
- ^ a b c d Katzenberger 1897, p. 175.
- ^ a b c Columbian University Press 1893, p. 140.
- ^ a b c d e f g Phi Delta Theta 1963, p. 216.
- ^ Columbian University Press 1893, p. 223.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa American Historical Society 1923, p. 525.
- ^ Katzenberger 1909, p. 191.
- ^ Maxwell & Swisher 1897, p. 497.
- ^ West Virginia Legislature 1916, p. 69.
- ^ Harris 1922, p. 814.
- ^ Virginia State Corporation Commission 1917, p. 242.
- ^ Poor 1922, p. 2087.
- ^ Camp 1916, p. 398.
- ^ Harris 1922, p. 341.
- ^ Munske & Kerns 2004, p. 180.
- ^ Harris 1922, p. 176.
- ^ Harris 1922, p. 178.
- ^ Harris 1922, p. 214.
- ^ Harris 1922, p. 204.
- ^ a b "Money In Orchards". Cumberland Evening Times. Cumberland, Maryland. November 30, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved January 24, 2015. Cite error: The named reference "CET1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ West Virginia Department of Agriculture 1918, p. 36.
- ^ a b West Virginia Department of Agriculture 1918, p. 65.
- ^ "Marriage Record Detail: Joshua Soule Zimmerman". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ^ "Birth Record Detail: Mary E. Zimmerman". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ^ "Marriage Record Detail: Garnett Kerr Kump in Hampshire County, West Virginia". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ^ "Indian Mound Cemetery D-K Listing for All Sections". HistoricHampshire.org. HistoricHampshire.org, Charles C. Hall. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Indian Mound Cemetery Q-Z Listing for All Sections". HistoricHampshire.org. HistoricHampshire.org, Charles C. Hall. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- ^ "Birth Record Detail: George Henry Zimmerman". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ^ "Marriage Record Detail: James Paris McCracken". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ^ "Birth Record Detail: Vance Zimmerman". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ^ "Marriage Record Detail: Vance Zimmerman". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
Bibliography
- American Historical Society, Special Staff of Writers (1923). History of West Virginia Old and New and West Virginia Biography, Volume 3. The American Historical Society, Inc.
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(help); Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Camp, Walter Mason (1916). Railway Review, Volume 59. W. A. Smith.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Columbian University Press (1893). Catalogue of the Officers and Students of The Columbian University, Washington, D.C., For the Academic Year 1892 - '93. Washington, D.C.: Judd and De Weiler.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Harris, John T. (Clerk of the West Virginia State Senate) (1922). West Virginia Legislative Hand Book and Manual and Official Register, 1922. Charleston, West Virginia: Tribune Printing Company.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Katzenberger, George A. (1897). Catalogue of the Legal Fraternity of Phi Delta Phi, Seventh Edition. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The Inland Press.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Katzenberger, George A. (1909). Directory of the Legal Fraternity of Phi Delta Phi, Eighth Edition. Galesburg, Illinois: Mail Printing Company.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Maxwell, Hu; Swisher, Howard Llewellyn (1897). History of Hampshire County, West Virginia From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present. Morgantown, West Virginia: A. Brown Boughner, Printer. OCLC 680931891.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Munske, Roberta R.; Kerns, Wilmer L. (2004). Hampshire County, West Virginia, 1754-2004. The Hampshire County 250th Anniversary Committee. ISBN 978-0-9715738-2-6. OCLC 55983178.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Phi Delta Theta (1963). The Scroll of Phi Delta Theta for January, 1963. Phi Delta Theta.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Poor, Henry Varnum (1922). Poor's Manual of Railroads, Volume 55. Poor's Manual Company.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Pugh, Maud (2009). Capon Valley: Its Pioneers & Their Descendants, 1698 to 1940. Genealogical Publishing Company. ISBN 9780806345512.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Virginia State Corporation Commission (1917). Annual Report of the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. Compilations from Returns of Railroads, Canals, Electric Railways and Other Corporate Companies. Virginia State Corporation Commission.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - West Virginia Department of Agriculture (1918). West Virginia Department of Agriculture Bulletin, Issues 37-56. West Virginia Department of Agriculture.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - West Virginia Legislature (1916). John T. Harris, Clerk of the West Virginia Senate (ed.). West Virginia Legislative Hand Book and Manual and Official Register, 1916. Charleston, West Virginia: The Tribune Printing Company. OCLC 301330754.
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External links
Media related to Joshua Soule Zimmerman at Wikimedia Commons
- 1874 births
- 1962 deaths
- 19th-century lawyers
- 20th-century lawyers
- American Methodists
- American orchardists
- American people of German descent
- Burials at Indian Mound Cemetery
- Businesspeople from West Virginia
- Businesspeople in agriculture
- County prosecuting attorneys in West Virginia
- George Washington University Law School alumni
- Members of the West Virginia House of Delegates
- People from La Plata, Maryland
- People from Romney, West Virginia
- People from Washington, D.C.
- People from Woodstock, Virginia
- Randolph–Macon College alumni
- Roanoke College alumni
- Southern Methodists
- United States Census Bureau people
- West Virginia Democrats
- West Virginia lawyers