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Coordinates: 23°59′06″N 79°43′12″E / 23.984944°N 79.719957°E / 23.984944; 79.719957
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{{short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{about|a Jain pilgrimage place in Madhya Pradesh|city in Bihar|Kundalpur, Bihar}}
{{about|a town in Damoh district, Madhya Pradesh|the village in Nalanda district, Bihar|Kundalpur, Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox religious building
{{Infobox religious building
| native_name =
| native_name =
| name = Kundalpur Siddha Kshetra, Kundalgiri
| name = Kundalpur Atishay Kshetra, Kundalgiri
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| image = {{Photomontage
| image = Temples kundalpur.JPG
| photo1a = Temples kundalpur.JPG
| alt = Kundalpur
| caption = Jain Temples near Vardhman Lake Kundalpur
| photo2a = Kundalpur Complete Temple.jpg.webp
| spacing = 1
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh
⚫
| map_alt = Kundalpur
| color_border = white
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|23.984944|N|79.719957|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| color = white
⚫
| location = [[Damoh district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| size = 275
⚫
| deity = [[Rishabhanatha]]
| foot_montage = ''From top, left to right:''Jain Temples near Vardhman Lake Kundalpur, Complete Temple of the [[Bade Baba temple]] which is Under Construction.}}
⚫
| festivals = [[Mahavir Janma Kalyanak]]
| alt = Kundalpur
| caption =
| temple_quantity = 63
⚫
| established = 8th century
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh
⚫
| completed = 10th century
⚫
| map_alt = Kundalpur
⚫
| governing_body = Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri Prabandhakarini Samiti
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|23.984944|N|79.719957|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
⚫
| website = {{url|https://www.shreebadebaba.com}}
⚫
| location = [[Damoh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
⚫
| deity = [[Rishabhanatha]]
⚫
| festivals = [[Mahavir Jayanti]]
| temple_quantity = 63
⚫
| established = 8th century
⚫
| completed = 10th century
⚫
| governing_body = Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri Prabandhakarini Samiti
⚫
| website = {{url|https://www.shreebadebaba.com}}
}}
}}
{{Jainism}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Kundalpur''' is a town located in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], 35 km from the city of [[Damoh]]. It is a historical pilgrimage site for [[Jain]]s in India.{{Sfn|von Glasenapp|1925|p=56}}{{Sfn|Beglar|1878|p=30}}{{Sfn|Cunningham|1885|p=166}}{{Sfn|Russell|2018|p=399}}
'''Kundalpur''' is a town located in [[Damoh district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Located {{convert|37|km|mi|abbr=off}} northeast of the city of [[Damoh]], Kundalpur is a pilgrimage site for Digambar [[Jainism|Jains]].{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}}{{Sfn|von Glasenapp|1925|p=56}}{{Sfn|Beglar|1878|p=30}}{{Sfn|Russell|2018|p=399}}


==Overview==
==Location==
⚫
Nearby cities include [[Damoh]] {{convert|37|km|mi|abbr=off}}, [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] {{convert|113|km|mi|abbr=off}}, and [[Jabalpur]] {{convert|143|km|mi|abbr=off}}. The nearest railway station is located at Damoh, and the nearest airport is [[Jabalpur Airport]].
⚫
{{see|Bade Baba temple}}


⚫
==Annual fair==
⚫
Kundalpur has a large statue of [[Rishabhanatha]] (also known as ''"Bade Baba"'' and ''"Adinath"'') on top of the hill. The statue is in a sitting ([[Lotus position|Padmasana]]) posture and is 15 feet in height on a 3 feet high simhasana.<ref>Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri, The Jaina Gazette, Vol. XLV, Number 9, September 1948, p. 94, http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=77613</ref> It was flanked on both sides by Parshvanath images of the same height. In the past it was incorrectly identified as the idol of [[Mahavira]]. {{Sfn|Cunningham|1885|p=166}}{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|p=166}} [[Niraj Jain]] of Satna identified the images of Chakreshwari Devi and Gomukha yaksha in the simhasana and thus established that the idol is in fact of Rishabhanatha.<ref>Niraj Jain, Kundalpur, Anekanta, April 1964, page 43.</ref> This is also the place of salvation of last Kevli (Antim Kevali) named Shridhar Kevali.<ref>Jagannmohanlal Shastri, Anekanta, December 1967, page. 194.</ref>
⚫
The Kundalpur Fair takes place in the month of March, beginning with the annual gathering of Jains, immediately after the [[Holi|Festival of Colours]], and lasts for two weeks. {{Sfn|Hunter|1881|p=30}}{{Sfn|Grant|1870|p=249}}


⚫
==Architecture==
According to [[Alexander Cunningham]] (1885), there were 51 temples on the hill and 30 on the foot of the hill near the pond known as "Vardhaman Talao".{{Sfn|Cunningham|1885|p=167}}{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|p=167}} There are 63 temples of various types. A temple called ''Jal Mandir'' is situated in the middle of this pond. Since then a Samosharan temple was built that commemorated 25th anniversary of the Nirvana of Lord Mahavira in 1974. A manastambha in the center of the old dharmashala was constructed in 1975.
⚫
{{see|Bade Baba temple}}


⚫
There is a large statue of [[Rishabhanatha]] (also known as ''"Bade Baba"'' and ''"Adinath"'') on top of the hill in Kundalpur. The statue, seated in the [[lotus position]], is 15 feet in height and is on a 3-foot high pedestal.<ref>Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri, The Jaina Gazette, Vol. XLV, Number 9, September 1948, p. 94, http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=77613</ref> It is flanked on both sides by [[Parshvanatha]] images of the same height. The statue was incorrectly identified in 1878 by [[Joseph David Beglar]], who noted the inscription mounted on the wall, as of [[Neminatha]].{{Sfn|Beglar|1878|p=30}} The statue was again incorrectly identified in 1884 by [[Alexander Cunningham]] as an image of [[Mahavira]].{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}} [[Niraj Jain]] established that the statue is in fact of Rishabhanatha.<ref>Niraj Jain, Kundalpur, Anekanta, April 1964, page 43.</ref> This is also the place of salvation of the last Kevali, named Shridhar Kevali.<ref>Jagannmohanlal Shastri, Anekanta, December 1967, page. 194.</ref> Photographs of the ''Bade Baba'' statue have been widely used in many publications, calendars, and posters.
Among all the temples the most famous is the "''Bade Baba"'' temple with Adinath/Rishabhnath (affectionately termed "Bade Baba") as the principal deity. The photographs of the ''Bade Baba'' statue have been widely used in many publications, calendars and posters.


Among all the temples of Kundalpur, the most famous is the [[Bade Baba temple]], with Rishabhanatha (affectionately termed "Bade Baba") as the principal deity. Another temple — called ''Jal Mandir'' — is situated in the middle of Vardhamana pond, at the foot of the hill. A [[Samavasarana|Samosharana temple]] was built that commemorated the 25th anniversary of the ''[[parinirvana]]'' of Lord Mahavira in 1974. A [[manastambha]] in the center of the [[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharmashala]] was constructed in 1975.
The Indian jain monk [[Acharya Vidyasagar]] has been the main source of inspiration for the construction and development of the new main temple and some of the recent structures at Kundalpur. He is often referred to as "''Chhote Baba"'' in relation to the Bade Baba image.{{sfn|Mishra|2017}} Construction of a massive and spacious new Bade Baba temple was initiated in 1999 after consulting architectural and religious experts. The statue of Adinath was transferred to the sanctum of the new structure on 15 January 2006. The new temple will be in the classical [[Hindu temple architecture|Nagara style]] with some elements of the modern [[Architecture of Rajasthan|Rajasthani architecture]].{{Sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=125}}


==History==
==History==
According to Alexander Cunningham, in 1884 there were 20 temples on the hill and 30 temples at the foot of the hill near the pond known as "Vardhamana Talao".{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}} The temples are square blocks with dome roofs and pinnacles of different sizes.{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}}{{Sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=125}}
⚫
The old [[The Bade Baba Temple|Bade Baba Temple]] was the oldest temple at Kundalpur, estimated to date from the 6th century. It was enclosed within a compound on top of the hill. According to an inscription in the temple<ref>Y.K. Malaiya, "Kundalpur's Past Three Centuries," Arhat Vacan, Vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2001 pp. 5-13</ref> of Vikram Samvat 1757, the temple was renovated by the disciples of [[Bhattaraka]] [[Chanderi#Jainism at Chanderi|Surendrakirti]] of [[Balatkara Gana|Mulasangha-Balatkaragana-Sarasvati Gachchha]] with assistance from [[Bundela]] ruler [[Chhatrasal]].<ref>Thakurdas Bhagavandas Javeri, Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Directory, 1914</ref> In the 24 lines inscription of time of ''[[Maharaja]]-dhiraja'' [[Chhatrasal|Sri Chhatra Sala]], the line 4 identifies the image as [[Mahavira]] and line 8 mentions terms ''Jina marga'' and ''Jina Dharma''.{{Sfn|Cunningham|1885|p=166}}{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|p=166}}


⚫
The original [[Bade Baba temple]], estimated to date from the 6th century CE, was the oldest temple at Kundalpur. It included smaller shrines and temples, and was enclosed within a fortified compound with tall rubble masonry walls on top of the hill. The main garbhagrih contained the Bade Baba pratima which along with its parikar (including the Parshvanth images) occupied the entire back wall.<ref>Dr. Sudha Malaiya, p. 155</ref> According to an inscription in the temple,<ref>Y.K. Malaiya, "Kundalpur's Past Three Centuries," Arhat Vacan, Vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2001 pp. 5-13</ref> the temple was renovated by the disciples of [[Bhattaraka]] Surendrakirti, with assistance from [[Bundela]] ruler [[Chhatrasal]].<ref>Thakurdas Bhagavandas Javeri, Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Directory, 1914</ref> The 4th line of the inscription — which is dated 31 December 1700 CE — mentions the name of [[Mahavira]], and line 8 mentions the terms ''Jina Marga'' (the "path to liberation") and ''[[Dharma (Jainism)|Jinadharma]]''.{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}}
The statue of Bade Baba (Lord Adinath) was transferred to a new temple under construction on 17 January 2006. The transfer was a dramatic event involving a confrontation between the district administration and the Jain community that was peacefully resolved.{{sfn|Garg|2016}} The transfer is narrated and eulogized in a poetic and lyrical composition "Purudev Stavan" by Aryaka Mridumati Mata and is also described in a book by Suresh Jain Saral.<ref>Purudev se Gurudev tak, ek anubhuti, Suresh Jain Saral, Pub. Shri Varni Digambar Jain Gurukul, 2006</ref> and also in book released in 2018 by MP Chief Minister Chauhan.<ref>[http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2018/10/1/Cow-Ministry-will-be-formed-in-MP--CM.aspx "Cow Ministry will be formed in MP: CM"], ''The Hitavada'', 1 October 2018</ref><ref>Kundalpur Granthmala, Dr Sudha Malaiya, 2018, Vasudha Publications</ref> Two times Major Mahamastabhishek of Badebaba was held in 2001 and 2016 guided by [[Acharya Vidyasagar]]ji Maharaj.{{Sfn|Vidhyasagarji in Kundalpur}}

In 2022, a Panchkalyanaka Mahamahotsava was organized during 16 to 23 February. On the concluding day, a Gajarath Pheri was organized which included 24 rathas circumambulating a 900 meter oval track.<ref>{{cite news |title=गजरथ फेरी के साथ पंचकल्याणक समारोह का समापन |url=https://emsindia.com/NewsDetail?q=b5f16c74e769ab49961e08052a4d4725 |access-date=20 April 2022 |work=EMS India |date=23 February 2022 |language=hi}}</ref> It was attended by 284 monks and nuns. A total of 2633 images were consecrated. The function was attended by about 500,000 individuals including the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh [[Shivraj Singh Chauhan]], central aviation minister [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]], the former chief minister [[Kamal Nath]], Lok Sabha Speaker [[Om Birla]] and the Union Industries Minister [[Piyush Goyal]]. A four kilometer area around Kundalpur was declared a sacred zone.<ref>{{cite news |title=कुण्डलपुर-बांदकपुर को पवित्र क्षेत्र का दर्जा:CM शिवराज ने कहा- दोनों क्षेत्रों में 4 किमी के दायरे में मांस-मदिरा बेचने पर लगेगा प्रतिबंध |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/kundalpur-panchkalyanak/news/cm-shivraj-singh-chouhan-will-be-involved-in-the-local-program-of-panchkalyanak-gajrath-mahotsav-today-129423958.html |access-date=20 April 2022 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |lang=hi}}</ref>

The new temple, which is now approaching completion, will be 189 feet tall, making it the tallest temple in the Nagara style.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Jyoti |title=World's Highest Jain Temple Inaugurated - Iron, Sariya and Cement were not used in its construction |url=https://www.theindiaprint.com/national-news-english/worlds-highest-jain-temple-inaugurated-iron-sariya-and-cement-were-not-used-in-its-construction-176564 |access-date=20 April 2022 |work=The India Print |date=6 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It uses four times the amount the stone in cubic feet than Akshardham.<ref>{{cite news |title=Over 2 lakh devotees from Delhi-NCR region witness MahaMastkaAbhishek |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/delhi/over-2-lakh-devotees-from-delhi-ncr-region-witness-mahamastkaabhishek-1503048279.html |access-date=20 April 2022 |work=The Statesman |date=24 February 2022}}</ref>

⚫
== Architecture ==
The old Bade Baba temple was enclosed within a fortified compound 157' by 112' with tall rubble masonry walls. It included smaller shrines and temples. The main garbhagrih of 16' by 15' contained the 12' by 11' Bade Baba pratima which along with its parikar (including the Parshvanth images) occupied the entire back wall.<ref>Dr. Sudha Malaiya, p. 155</ref> The Chhaighria and the Bhagbali Pande temples are also enclosed within a walled compound.

The temples are square blocks with dome roofs and pinnacles of different sizes.{{Sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=125}}{{Sfn|Cunningham|1885|p=166}}{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|p=166}} The Bade Baba image was incorrectly identified as [[Neminatha]] by Beglar who noted the inscription mounted on wall.{{Sfn|Beglar|1878|p=30}}

⚫
== Annual fair ==
⚫
The kundalpur fair takes place in month of march, beginning with yearly gathering of Jains, immediately after [[Holi]] and lasts for a fortnight. {{Sfn|Hunter|1881|p=30}}{{Sfn|Grant|1870|p=249}}

==Location==
⚫
Nearby cities include [[Damoh]] (35&nbsp;km), [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] (113&nbsp;km), [[Jabalpur]] (143&nbsp;km). Nearest railway station is Damoh which is 38&nbsp;km from Kundalpur bus stand. Nearest airport is Dumna Airport in Jabalpur (150&nbsp;km).


==Photo gallery==
==Photo gallery==
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File:Samavasarana Jain temple, Kundalpur.jpg|[[Samavasarana]] temple, 1974 AD
File:Samavasarana Jain temple, Kundalpur.jpg|[[Samavasarana]] temple, 1974 AD
File:Kundalpur lake.jpg|Jain temples near Vardhmansagar lake, 19th CE. Bhagbali Pande temple of 18th CE at the hill top.
File:Kundalpur lake.jpg|Jain temples near Vardhmansagar lake, 19th CE. Bhagbali Pande temple of 18th CE at the hill top.
File:Kundalpur Jain hill temple gate.jpg|thumb|Temple enclosure wall and gate constructed using rubble stone masonry<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schildkamp |first1=Martijn |last2=Silvestri |first2=Stefano |last3=Araki |first3=Yoshikazu |title=Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings With Cement Mortar: Design Specifications in Seismic and Masonry Codes Worldwide |journal=Frontiers in Built Environment |date=2020 |volume=6 |doi=10.3389/fbuil.2020.590520 |issn=2297-3362|doi-access=free }}</ref> with native [[teak]] trees
File:Kundalpur Jain hill temple gate.jpg|Temple enclosure wall and gate constructed using rubble stone masonry<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schildkamp |first1=Martijn |last2=Silvestri |first2=Stefano |last3=Araki |first3=Yoshikazu |title=Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings With Cement Mortar: Design Specifications in Seismic and Masonry Codes Worldwide |journal=Frontiers in Built Environment |date=2020 |volume=6 |doi=10.3389/fbuil.2020.590520 |issn=2297-3362|doi-access=free }}</ref> with native [[teak]] trees
File:Jain lake shrine, Kundalpur (cropped).jpg|Jain shrine inside Kundalpur lake
File:Jain lake shrine, Kundalpur (cropped).jpg|Jain shrine inside Kundalpur lake
File:Kundalpurmuralkatni.jpg|Glass mural with a traditional representation of Kundalpur in a Jain Temple [[Katni]]
File:Kundalpurmuralkatni.jpg|Glass mural with a traditional representation of Kundalpur in a Jain Temple [[Katni]]
Line 83: Line 63:


==References==
==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


=== Sources ===
===Sources===
* {{Citation | last=Beglar | first=J. D. | author-link=Joseph David Beglar | title=Report of a Tour in Bundelkhand and Malwa, 1871-72, and in the Central Provinces, 1873-74 | volume=7 | url={{Google books|Qc8OAAAAQAAJ|page=58|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing | date=1878 }}
* {{Citation | last=Beglar | first=J. D. | author-link=Joseph David Beglar | title=Report of a Tour in Bundelkhand and Malwa, 1871-72, and in the Central Provinces, 1873-74 | volume=7 | url={{Google books|Qc8OAAAAQAAJ|page=58|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing | date=1878 }}
* {{Citation | last=Cunningham | first=Alexander | author-link=Alexander Cunningham | title=Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862-1884 | url={{Google books|77bXjlFSBKMC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Government Press | date=1885 }}
* {{Citation|last=Cunningham|first=Alexander|author-link=Alexander Cunningham|title=Reports of a Tour in Bundelkhand and Rewa in 1883-84; and of a Tour in Rewa, Bundelkhand, Malwa, and Gwalior, in 1884-85|volume=21|publisher=Superintendent of Government printing|location=Calcutta|year=1885|url={{Google books|77bXjlFSBKMC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|ref={{SfnRef|Alexander Cunningham|1885}}}}
* {{Citation | last=Cunningham | first=Alexander | author-link=Alexander Cunningham | title=Reports of a Tour in Bundelkhand and Rewa in 1883-84; and of a Tour in Rewa, Bundelkhand, Malwa, and Gwalior, in 1884-85 | url={{Google books|GVlBAQAAIAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Superintendent of Government printing | volume=21 | date=1885 | ref={{SfnRef|Alexander Cunningham|1885}} }}
* {{Citation | last=Grant | first=Charles | title=The Gazetteer of the Central Provinces of India | url={{Google books|SJwIAAAAQAAJ|page=249|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Printed at the Education society's Press, Bombay | date=1870 }}
* {{Citation | last=Grant | first=Charles | title=The Gazetteer of the Central Provinces of India | url={{Google books|SJwIAAAAQAAJ|page=249|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Printed at the Education society's Press, Bombay | date=1870 }}
* {{Citation | last=Hunter | first=William Wilson | author-link=William Wilson Hunter | title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India | url={{Google books|Q4kIAAAAQAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=[[Trübner & Company]] | date=1881 }}
* {{Citation | last=Hunter | first=William Wilson | author-link=William Wilson Hunter | title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India | url={{Google books|Q4kIAAAAQAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=[[Trübner & Company]] | date=1881 }}

Latest revision as of 15:38, 9 July 2024

This article is about a town in Damoh district, Madhya Pradesh. For the village in Nalanda district, Bihar, see Kundalpur, Bihar.

Kundalpur Atishay Kshetra, Kundalgiri
Kundalpur
Jain Temples near Vardhman Lake Kundalpur
Religion
AffiliationJainism
DeityRishabhanatha
FestivalsMahavir Janma Kalyanak
Governing bodyShri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri Prabandhakarini Samiti
Location
LocationDamoh district, Madhya Pradesh
Kundalpur
Kundalpur
Shown within Madhya Pradesh
Geographic coordinates23°59′06″N 79°43′12″E / 23.984944°N 79.719957°E / 23.984944; 79.719957
Architecture
Date established8th century
Completed10th century
Temple(s)63
Website
www.shreebadebaba.com
Part of a series on
Jainism
Philosophy
Ethics
Ethics of Jainism
Mahavratas (major vows)
Anuvratas (further vows)
Jain prayers
Major figures
Major sects
Schools and Branches
Jain literature
Festivals
Pilgrimages
Tirth
Other

Kundalpur is a town located in Damoh district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Located 37 kilometres (23 miles) northeast of the city of Damoh, Kundalpur is a pilgrimage site for Digambar Jains.[1][2][3][4]

Location

[edit]

Nearby cities include Damoh 37 kilometres (23 miles), Sagar 113 kilometres (70 miles), and Jabalpur 143 kilometres (89 miles). The nearest railway station is located at Damoh, and the nearest airport is Jabalpur Airport.

Annual fair

[edit]

The Kundalpur Fair takes place in the month of March, beginning with the annual gathering of Jains, immediately after the Festival of Colours, and lasts for two weeks. [5][6]

Architecture

[edit]
Further information: Bade Baba temple

There is a large statue of Rishabhanatha (also known as "Bade Baba" and "Adinath") on top of the hill in Kundalpur. The statue, seated in the lotus position, is 15 feet in height and is on a 3-foot high pedestal.[7] It is flanked on both sides by Parshvanatha images of the same height. The statue was incorrectly identified in 1878 by Joseph David Beglar, who noted the inscription mounted on the wall, as of Neminatha.[3] The statue was again incorrectly identified in 1884 by Alexander Cunningham as an image of Mahavira.[1] Niraj Jain established that the statue is in fact of Rishabhanatha.[8] This is also the place of salvation of the last Kevali, named Shridhar Kevali.[9] Photographs of the Bade Baba statue have been widely used in many publications, calendars, and posters.

Among all the temples of Kundalpur, the most famous is the Bade Baba temple, with Rishabhanatha (affectionately termed "Bade Baba") as the principal deity. Another temple — called Jal Mandir — is situated in the middle of Vardhamana pond, at the foot of the hill. A Samosharana temple was built that commemorated the 25th anniversary of the parinirvana of Lord Mahavira in 1974. A manastambha in the center of the dharmashala was constructed in 1975.

History

[edit]

According to Alexander Cunningham, in 1884 there were 20 temples on the hill and 30 temples at the foot of the hill near the pond known as "Vardhamana Talao".[1] The temples are square blocks with dome roofs and pinnacles of different sizes.[1][10]

The original Bade Baba temple, estimated to date from the 6th century CE, was the oldest temple at Kundalpur. It included smaller shrines and temples, and was enclosed within a fortified compound with tall rubble masonry walls on top of the hill. The main garbhagrih contained the Bade Baba pratima which along with its parikar (including the Parshvanth images) occupied the entire back wall.[11] According to an inscription in the temple,[12] the temple was renovated by the disciples of Bhattaraka Surendrakirti, with assistance from Bundela ruler Chhatrasal.[13] The 4th line of the inscription — which is dated 31 December 1700 CE — mentions the name of Mahavira, and line 8 mentions the terms Jina Marga (the "path to liberation") and Jinadharma.[1]

[edit]
  • Famous 15 feet Image of "Bade Baba" (Rishabhanatha) at Kundalpur
    Famous 15 feet Image of "Bade Baba" (Rishabhanatha) at Kundalpur
  • A mural at Shahpur representing the Bade Baba pratima with parikar in the old temple (center)
    A mural at Shahpur representing the Bade Baba pratima with parikar in the old temple (center)
  • Temple below hill, 19th century.
    Temple below hill, 19th century.
  • Samavasarana temple, 1974 AD
    Samavasarana temple, 1974 AD
  • Jain temples near Vardhmansagar lake, 19th CE. Bhagbali Pande temple of 18th CE at the hill top.
    Jain temples near Vardhmansagar lake, 19th CE. Bhagbali Pande temple of 18th CE at the hill top.
  • Temple enclosure wall and gate constructed using rubble stone masonry[14] with native teak trees
    Temple enclosure wall and gate constructed using rubble stone masonry[14] with native teak trees
  • Jain shrine inside Kundalpur lake
    Jain shrine inside Kundalpur lake
  • Glass mural with a traditional representation of Kundalpur in a Jain Temple Katni
    Glass mural with a traditional representation of Kundalpur in a Jain Temple Katni
  • Planned new Bade Baba temple on a poster. The design has since been revised.
    Planned new Bade Baba temple on a poster. The design has since been revised.

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jain temples in Kundalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Alexander Cunningham 1885, pp. 166–7.
  2. ^ von Glasenapp 1925, p. 56.
  3. ^ a b Beglar 1878, p. 30.
  4. ^ Russell 2018, p. 399.
  5. ^ Hunter 1881, p. 30.
  6. ^ Grant 1870, p. 249.
  7. ^ Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri, The Jaina Gazette, Vol. XLV, Number 9, September 1948, p. 94, http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=77613
  8. ^ Niraj Jain, Kundalpur, Anekanta, April 1964, page 43.
  9. ^ Jagannmohanlal Shastri, Anekanta, December 1967, page. 194.
  10. ^ Titze & Bruhn 1998, p. 125.
  11. ^ Dr. Sudha Malaiya, p. 155
  12. ^ Y.K. Malaiya, "Kundalpur's Past Three Centuries," Arhat Vacan, Vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2001 pp. 5-13
  13. ^ Thakurdas Bhagavandas Javeri, Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Directory, 1914
  14. ^ Schildkamp, Martijn; Silvestri, Stefano; Araki, Yoshikazu (2020). "Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings With Cement Mortar: Design Specifications in Seismic and Masonry Codes Worldwide". Frontiers in Built Environment. 6. doi:10.3389/fbuil.2020.590520. ISSN 2297-3362.

Sources

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