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'''Ka{{okina}}ahumanu Church''' is a [[church (building)|Church]] in [[Wailuku]], [[Maui]], [[Hawaii]]. Upon visiting a religious service in Wailuku in 1832 by [[Jonathan Smith Green]], Queen [[Ka'ahumanu]] requested that a more permanent church structure be named for her, but her request was not honored until 1876 when the current structure was built by [[Edward Bailey]]. [[Church service|Sunday service]]s are held in the church, with the [[hymn]]s and [[invocation]] invoked in the [[Hawaiian language]].
'''Ka{{okina}}ahumanu Church''' is a church in [[Wailuku]], Maui, Hawaii. The [[hymn]]s and [[invocation]] in the services are in the [[Hawaiian language]].<ref name="Ecenbarger18"/><ref name="Visual Maui"/><ref name="ExploreMaui"/> which echo the legacy of Hawaiian churches in the survival of the Hawaiian language where it was banned from being spoken in public.<ref name="Ecenbarger5">Ecenbarger, pg 5</ref>


==Inception==
==Origin==
⚫
In 1832, Queen [[Ka'ahumanu]], an early convert into Christianity, visited Maui, and came to the site of the then new Ka'ahumanu Church, witnessing services being presided by [[Jonathan Smith Green]]. Upon seeing this, Queen Ka'ahumanu asked the Congregationalist mission to name the permanent church structure after her.<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="Ecenbarger18">Ecenbarger, pg 18</ref><ref name="ExploringHistoricWailuku1">Engebretson pg. 67</ref><ref name="Visual Maui">Ferracane pg. 92</ref><ref name="West Maui">Kepler pg. 1</ref><ref name="ExploreMaui">Pruitt pg. 70</ref><ref name="Mowee">Speakman Jr. pg. 65</ref>
Upon arrival to the islands, American missionaries usually held religious services out in the open; this was later superseded by the building of thatched grassed [[wiktionary:Hale#Hawaiian|hales]], and then lumber built structures, sometimes imported from [[New England]]. The utilization of local materials became more prevalent over time <ref name="Ecenbarger">Ecenbarger, pg 5 - 9</ref>


⚫
==First, second, and third buildings==
⚫
In 1832, Queen [[Ka'ahumanu]], an early convert into [[Christianity]], visited Maui, and came to the site of the then new Ka'ahumanu Church, witnessing services being presided by [[Jonathan Smith Green]]. Upon seeing this, Queen Ka'ahumanu asked the Congregationalist mission to name the permanent church structure after her.<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="Ecenbarger18">Ecenbarger, pg 18</ref><ref name="ExploringHistoricWailuku1">Engebretson pg. 67</ref><ref name="Visual Maui">Ferracane pg. 92</ref><ref name="West Maui">Kepler pg. 1</ref><ref name="ExploreMaui">Pruitt pg. 70</ref><ref name="Mowee">Speakman Jr. pg. 65</ref>
⚫
The original building used by the guest Minister, [[Jonathan Smith Green]], was a shed built on land owned by the Kahale family granted under [[King Kamehameha III]].<ref name="NPS Focus"/>

⚫
==First, second, and third Buildings==
⚫
The first building used by Jonathan Smith Green for his services was nothing more than a simple [[shed]]; it was built on land owned by Kahale family granted under [[King Kamehameha III]].<ref name="NPS Focus"/>


In 1834, due to the ballooning congregation numbers (3000 worshipers was noted at one point) a second building was built, which was a thatched structure.<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="ExploringHistoricWailuku2">Engebretson pg. 66</ref> However, despite the large worship numbers, the actual permanent membership of the church was small; an 1834-1835 report noted eleven members of the church.<ref name="NPS Focus"/>
In 1834, due to the ballooning congregation numbers (3000 worshipers was noted at one point) a second building was built, which was a thatched structure.<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="ExploringHistoricWailuku2">Engebretson pg. 66</ref> However, despite the large worship numbers, the actual permanent membership of the church was small; an 1834-1835 report noted eleven members of the church.<ref name="NPS Focus"/>
⚫
[[File:Louis Choris 'Kaahumanu, Woman of the Sandwich Islands'.jpg|right|thumb|Queen Kaa'humanu, whom the church was named after upon a personal request from her. Her request was made in 1832, and not honored until 1876, 44 years after said request.<ref name="NPS Focus"/>]]
⚫
During the "Great Revival" between 1837–1840, the church membership ballooned to 487; the 1838-1839 year alone saw 200 new members into the church. With this swell in membership, a new third church structure was built under the supervision of Richard Armstrong after Jonathan Smith Green left in 1836. Built in 1840, the "two-story" (One floor and a gallery) stone church was {{convert|100|by|52|ft|m}}. However, problems with the roof was noted by Jonathan Smith Green after his return in 1841 to replace Richard Armstrong. Deemed a "failure" by Jonathan Smith Green, the roof was fixed after a $648.28 expenditure.<ref name="NPS Focus"/>


⚫
During the "Great Revival" between 1837 and 1840, the church membership ballooned to 487; the 1838-1839 year alone saw 200 new members into the church. With this swell in membership, a new third church structure was built under the supervision of Richard Armstrong after Green left in 1836. Built in 1840, the "two-story" (one floor and a gallery) stone church was {{convert|100|by|52|ft|m}}. However, problems with the roof was noted by Green after his return in 1841 to replace Richard Armstrong. Deemed a "failure" by Green, the roof was fixed after a $648.28 expenditure.<ref name="NPS Focus"/>
⚫
[[William Patterson Alexander]] was installed at the church in 1857 after pastor Daniel Conde was not liked by the congregation and a petition to have him removed was circulated. Alexander noted that a new church was needed, and advocated building a new one as early as 1866. It wasn't until 1872 that fund-raising efforts were undertaken by William Pulepule Kahale, the first Native Hawaiian Pastor in the church, to build a new structure.<ref name="NPS Focus"/>

⚫
[[William Patterson Alexander]] was installed at the church in 1857 after pastor Daniel Conde was not liked by the congregation and a petition to have him removed was circulated. Alexander said that a new church was needed, and advocated building a new one as early as 1866. In 1872 that fund-raising efforts were undertaken by William Pulepule Kahale, the first Native Hawaiian pastor in the church, to build a new structure.<ref name="NPS Focus"/>
⚫
[[File:Louis Choris 'Kaahumanu, Woman of the Sandwich Islands'.jpg|right|thumb|Queen Kaa'humanu asked in 1832 that the church be named for her, which it was in 1876.<ref name="NPS Focus"/>]]


==Current building==
==Current building==
The current structure, the fourth on the site, was built in 1876. It was built to honor Queen Ka'ahumanu's earlier request by Wailuku Sugar Company manager [[Edward Bailey]].<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="Ecenbarger18"/><ref name="ExploringHistoricWailuku1"/> It is built in the New England simple style [[Gothic Architecture]].<ref name="NPS Focus"/>
The current structure, the fourth on the site, was built in 1876. It was built to honor Queen Ka'ahumanu's earlier request by Wailuku Sugar Company manager [[Edward Bailey]].<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="Ecenbarger18"/><ref name="ExploringHistoricWailuku1"/> It is built in the New England simple style [[Gothic architecture]].<ref name="NPS Focus"/>


The bell and three clock faces are from the [[Seth Thomas (clockmaker)|Seth-Thomas clock works]],<ref name="Pohaku">Pohaku pg. 90</ref> and brought over in 1884 around the [[Cape Horn]]. The apparatus was donated by the Bailey family at a cost of $1000.00.<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="Ecenbarger18"/> Chandeliers were added in 1892.<ref name="NPS Focus"/> Maui County officials designated the clock in Ka'ahumanu Church as the "Town Clock" in 1964.<ref name="Ecenbarger18"/>
The bell and three clock faces are from the [[Seth Thomas (clockmaker)|Seth-Thomas clock works]],<ref name="Pohaku">Pohaku pg. 90</ref> and brought over in 1884 around the [[Cape Horn]]. The apparatus was donated by the Bailey family at a cost of $1000.00.<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="Ecenbarger18"/> Chandeliers were added in 1892.<ref name="NPS Focus"/> Maui County officials designated the clock in Ka'ahumanu Church as the "Town Clock" in 1964.<ref name="Ecenbarger18"/>


==Grounds==
==Grounds==
A stone structure to the rear of the building with one opening exists, though its purpose is unknown. The only original structure of the previous third church is a rock retaining wall fronting the church alongside High Street. Several graves also mark the site. An auxiliary building sits between the church and the Territorial Building in the [[Wailuku Civic Center Historic District]]<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="ExploringHistoricWailuku2"/>
A stone structure to the rear of the building with one opening exists. This was once used as a bell tower before the current one was constructed. Parts of the original structure of the previous third church is a rock retaining wall fronting the church alongside High Street. Several graves also mark the site. An auxiliary building sits between the church and the Territorial Building in the [[Wailuku Civic Center Historic District]]<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="ExploringHistoricWailuku2"/>


Honoli'i, noted as being one of the first Native Hawaiians to be educated in New England and returning on the sailing ship ''[[Thaddeus]]'', is buried in the cemetery.<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="Ecenbarger18"/>
Honoli'i, one of the first Native Hawaiians to be educated in New England and returning on the sailing ship ''[[Thaddeus]]'', is buried in the cemetery.<ref name="NPS Focus"/><ref name="Ecenbarger18"/>


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Kaahumanu Church Graveyard.JPG|Church Cemetery.
File:Kaahumanu Church Graveyard.JPG|Church cemetery
File:Kaahumanu Church Grave.JPG|One of the Graves in the graveyard.
File:Kaahumanu Church Grave.JPG|One of the graves in the graveyard
File:Auxiliary Building behind Kaahumanu Church.JPG|Auxiliary Building behind Ka'ahumanu Church.
File:Auxiliary Building behind Kaahumanu Church.JPG|Auxiliary building behind Ka'ahumanu Church
File:Belfry Kaahumanu Church.JPG|Stone structure behind Ka'ahumanu Church.
File:Belfry Kaahumanu Church.JPG|Stone structure behind Ka'ahumanu Church
File:Kaahumanu Church Grounds.JPG|Ka'ahumanu Church grounds.
File:Kaahumanu Church Grounds.JPG|Ka'ahumanu Church grounds
File:Honoli'i Park.JPG|Honoli'i Park and surrounding grounds.
File:Honoli'i Park.JPG|Honoli'i Park and surrounding grounds
File:Kaahumanu Church by Alan Gowans.tif|Exterior of Kaahumanu Church, c. 1990. Photograph by [[Alan Gowans]]. [https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections/collections-from-scholars.html Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library].
</gallery>
</gallery>

==Today==
Services are held every Sunday. The [[hymn]]s and [[invocation]]s are done in the [[Hawaiian language]],<ref name="Ecenbarger18"/><ref name="Visual Maui"/><ref name="ExploreMaui"/> which echo the legacy of Hawaiian churches being stalwarts in the survival of the Hawaiian language where it was banned from being spoken in public.<ref name="Ecenbarger5">Ecenbarger, pg 5</ref>


==Historic listings==
==Historic listings==

Latest revision as of 00:40, 17 October 2023

Kaʻahumanu Church
Shown from north-eastern elevation, March 2010
Kaahumanu Church is located in Maui
Kaahumanu Church
Kaahumanu Church is located in Hawaii
Kaahumanu Church
Location103 South High Street
Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii
Coordinates20°53′49″N 156°30′01″W / 20.89694°N 156.50028°W / 20.89694; -156.50028
Area1.96 acres (7,900 m2)
Built1876 (fourth and current structure)
Architectural styleNew England Simple Style Gothic Architecture
NRHP reference No.75000622[1]
HRHP No.50-50-04-01500[2]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMay 12, 1975
Designated HRHPMay 18, 1981

Kaʻahumanu Church is a church in Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii. The hymns and invocation in the services are in the Hawaiian language.[3][4][5] which echo the legacy of Hawaiian churches in the survival of the Hawaiian language where it was banned from being spoken in public.[6]

Origin

[edit]

In 1832, Queen Ka'ahumanu, an early convert into Christianity, visited Maui, and came to the site of the then new Ka'ahumanu Church, witnessing services being presided by Jonathan Smith Green. Upon seeing this, Queen Ka'ahumanu asked the Congregationalist mission to name the permanent church structure after her.[1][3][7][4][8][5][9]

First, second, and third buildings

[edit]

The original building used by the guest Minister, Jonathan Smith Green, was a shed built on land owned by the Kahale family granted under King Kamehameha III.[1]

In 1834, due to the ballooning congregation numbers (3000 worshipers was noted at one point) a second building was built, which was a thatched structure.[1][10] However, despite the large worship numbers, the actual permanent membership of the church was small; an 1834-1835 report noted eleven members of the church.[1]

During the "Great Revival" between 1837 and 1840, the church membership ballooned to 487; the 1838-1839 year alone saw 200 new members into the church. With this swell in membership, a new third church structure was built under the supervision of Richard Armstrong after Green left in 1836. Built in 1840, the "two-story" (one floor and a gallery) stone church was 100 by 52 feet (30 by 16 m). However, problems with the roof was noted by Green after his return in 1841 to replace Richard Armstrong. Deemed a "failure" by Green, the roof was fixed after a $648.28 expenditure.[1]

William Patterson Alexander was installed at the church in 1857 after pastor Daniel Conde was not liked by the congregation and a petition to have him removed was circulated. Alexander said that a new church was needed, and advocated building a new one as early as 1866. In 1872 that fund-raising efforts were undertaken by William Pulepule Kahale, the first Native Hawaiian pastor in the church, to build a new structure.[1]

Queen Kaa'humanu asked in 1832 that the church be named for her, which it was in 1876.[1]

Current building

[edit]

The current structure, the fourth on the site, was built in 1876. It was built to honor Queen Ka'ahumanu's earlier request by Wailuku Sugar Company manager Edward Bailey.[1][3][7] It is built in the New England simple style Gothic architecture.[1]

The bell and three clock faces are from the Seth-Thomas clock works,[11] and brought over in 1884 around the Cape Horn. The apparatus was donated by the Bailey family at a cost of $1000.00.[1][3] Chandeliers were added in 1892.[1] Maui County officials designated the clock in Ka'ahumanu Church as the "Town Clock" in 1964.[3]

Grounds

[edit]

A stone structure to the rear of the building with one opening exists. This was once used as a bell tower before the current one was constructed. Parts of the original structure of the previous third church is a rock retaining wall fronting the church alongside High Street. Several graves also mark the site. An auxiliary building sits between the church and the Territorial Building in the Wailuku Civic Center Historic District[1][10]

Honoli'i, one of the first Native Hawaiians to be educated in New England and returning on the sailing ship Thaddeus, is buried in the cemetery.[1][3]

[edit]

Historic listings

[edit]

The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 1975[1] and the Hawaii State Register of Historic Places on May 18, 1981.[12]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "NPS Focus National Register - Ka'ahumanu Church". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  2. ^ "Historic Register Counts". Hawai'i State Historic Preservation Division. State of Hawaii. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Ecenbarger, pg 18
  4. ^ a b Ferracane pg. 92
  5. ^ a b Pruitt pg. 70
  6. ^ Ecenbarger, pg 5
  7. ^ a b Engebretson pg. 67
  8. ^ Kepler pg. 1
  9. ^ Speakman Jr. pg. 65
  10. ^ a b Engebretson pg. 66
  11. ^ Pohaku pg. 90
  12. ^ "HAWAI`I AND NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES - Maui" (PDF). Department of Land & Natural Resources, State of Hawaii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-17.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
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