Lupang Hinirang: Difference between revisions
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| title= Lupang Hinirang |
| title= Lupang Hinirang |
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| english_title= ''Chosen Land'' |
| english_title= ''Chosen Land'' |
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|alt_title=''Marcha Nacional Filipina'' {{small|(Original title of the |
|alt_title=''Marcha Nacional Filipina'' {{small|(Original title of the song composed by [[Julian Felipe]])}} |
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|en_alt_title = |
|en_alt_title = |
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|alt_title_2 = ''Filipinas'' {{small|(Original title of the poem written by [[ |
|alt_title_2 = ''Filipinas'' {{small|(Original title of the poem written by [[Jose Palma]])}} |
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|en_alt_title_2 = |
|en_alt_title_2 = |
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| image= Sheet Lupang hinirang.jpg{{!}}border |
| image= Sheet Lupang hinirang.jpg{{!}}border |
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| music_date= 1898 |
| music_date= 1898 |
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| adopted= *June 12, 1898 (original music as ''Marcha Nacional Filipina'')<br> |
| adopted= *June 12, 1898 (original music as ''Marcha Nacional Filipina'')<br> |
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*May 26, 1958 (official |
*May 26, 1958 (official Filipino lyrics) |
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| sound=Lupang Hinirang instrumental.ogg |
| sound=Lupang Hinirang instrumental.ogg |
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| sound_title="Lupang Hinirang" (instrumental) |
| sound_title="Lupang Hinirang" (instrumental) |
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}} |
}} |
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"'''Lupang Hinirang'''" ({{IPA-tl|ˈlupaŋ hiˈniɾaŋ}}; {{Literal translation|"Chosen Land"}}; originally ''Marcha Nacional Filipina'', the "Philippine National March") is the [[national anthem]] of the [[Philippines]]. Its music was composed in 1898 by [[Julián Felipe]], and the lyrics were adapted from the [[Spanish language in the Philippines|Spanish]] [[poem]] ''[[José Palma#Text of «Filipinas»|Filipinas]]'', written by [[José Palma]] in 1899. Originally written it did not have lyrics when it was adopted as the anthem of the revolutionary [[First Philippine Republic]] and subsequently played during the [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|proclamation of Philippine independence]] on June 12, 1898. |
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Under [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|American rule]], the [[Flag Act (Philippines)|Flag Act of 1907]] prohibited the public display of flags, banners, emblems, or devices used by revolutionaries in the [[Philippine–American War]].<ref name=ra8491 /> Under this law, the colonial government banned the song from being played.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/philippinescolon00pome|url-access=registration|quote=Philippines flag law.|title=The Philippines: Colonialism, Collaboration, and Resistance|last=Pomeroy|first=William J.|date=1992|publisher=International Publishers Co.|isbn=0-7178-0692-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/philippinescolon00pome/page/10 10]|accessdate=January 26, 2008}}; excerpted quote: "In 1909 an entire band was sent to prison for playing the Philippine National Anthem at a festival in [[Quiapo, Manila]].", citing {{cite journal|last=Agoncillo|first=Teodoro A.|title=The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan|location=Quezon City|publisher=University of the Philippines Press|year=2005}}</ref> The Flag Law was repealed in 1919. Under the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Commonwealth]], [[s:Commonwealth Act No. 382|Commonwealth Act № 382]], approved on September 5, 1938, officially adopted the musical arrangement and composition by Julián Felipe as the national anthem. |
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"'''Lupang Hinirang'''" ({{IPA-tl|ˈlupaŋ hiˈniɾaŋ}}), {{Literal translation|Chosen Land}}; originally titled in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as the '''Marcha Nacional Filipina''' (''Philippine National March'')), is the [[national anthem]] of the [[Philippines]]. Its music was composed in 1898 by [[Julián Felipe]], and the lyrics were adapted from the [[Spanish language in the Philippines|Spanish]] [[poem]] ''[[José Palma#Text of «Filipinas»|Filipinas]]'', written by [[José Palma]] in 1899.<ref name=about>{{cite web|url=https://www.philembassy.org.au/the-philippines/national-anthem|title=About The Philippine National Anthem|website=philembassy.org.au|accessdate=July 23, 2020}}</ref> |
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The Spanish lyrics were translated into [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] beginning in the 1940s, with the current [[Filipino language|Filipino]]<!--Spelt with a P at the time--> version from 1956 undergoing a slight revision in the 1960s. Over the years, several English versions came into use. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act № 8491 codified the current Filipino lyrics into law.<ref name="ra8491" /> |
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The composition now known as Lupang Hinirang was commissioned on June 5, 1898 by [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], head of the [[Dictatorial Government of the Philippines]],<ref name=about/> as a ceremonial and instrumental national march without lyrics, similar to the status of the [[Marcha Real]] in [[Spain]]. Replacing the revolutionary hymn [[Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan]], which Aguinaldo found inadequate for an anthem, the Marcha Nacional was adopted as the national march of the [[First Philippine Republic|Philippine Republic]] ({{Lang-es|República Filipina}}). It was first performed in public during the [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|proclamation of Philippine independence]] at Aguinaldo's residence in [[Kawit, Cavite|Kawit]], [[Cavite]] on June 12, 1898. |
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Following the defeat of the [[First Philippine Republic|First Republic]] in the [[Philippine–American War]] and the subsequent [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|colonial rule of the United States]], the [[Flag Act (Philippines)|Flag Act of 1907]] prohibited the public display of flags, banners, emblems, or devices used by the [[Philippine Republican Army]] during the war.<ref name=ra8491 /> Under the Flag Act, public performance of the national march was prohibited.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/philippinescolon00pome|url-access=registration|quote=Philippines flag law.|title=The Philippines: Colonialism, Collaboration, and Resistance|last=Pomeroy|first=William J.|date=1992|publisher=International Publishers Co.|isbn=0-7178-0692-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/philippinescolon00pome/page/10 10]|accessdate=January 26, 2008}}; excerpted quote: "In 1909 an entire band was sent to prison for playing the Philippine National Anthem at a festival in [[Quiapo, Manila]].", citing {{cite journal|last=Agoncillo|first=Teodoro A.|title=The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan|location=Quezon City|publisher=University of the Philippines Press|year=2005}}</ref> Upon repeal of the Flag Act in 1919, the national march regained its popular status as the national anthem of the Philippines. Following the establishment of self-rule under the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]], [[s:Commonwealth Act No. 382|Commonwealth Act № 382]], approved on September 5, 1938, officially adopted the musical arrangement and composition by Julián Felipe as the national anthem. |
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In the years after the revolution, the poem ''Filipinas'', written in 1899 by nationalist José Palma, gained widespread popularity as unofficial Spanish lyrics of the anthem. The Spanish lyrics were translated into [[English language|English]] and, beginning in the 1940s, in the national language. The current [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] lyrics, written in 1956, were adopted and made official subject to a slight revision in the 1960s. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act № 8491 was passed, codifying the current Tagalog lyrics into law.<ref name=ra8491 /> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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Felipe said that he had based his composition on three other musical pieces: the "[[Marcha Real]]", which is the current Spanish national anthem; the "[[Grand March]]" from [[Giuseppe Verdi|Giuseppe Verdi's]] ''[[Aida]]''; and the French national anthem, "[[La Marseillaise]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/7815-the-national-anthems-predecessor-and-influences/|title=The National Anthem's predecessor and influences|publisher=[[Malacañang Palace]]|accessdate=December 26, 2015}}</ref> It was played by the Banda San Francisco de Malabon (now called the ''Banda Matanda'', from present-day [[General Trias, Cavite|General Trias]]) during the proclamation rites on June 12. |
Felipe said that he had based his composition on three other musical pieces: the "[[Marcha Real]]", which is the current Spanish national anthem; the "[[Grand March]]" from [[Giuseppe Verdi|Giuseppe Verdi's]] ''[[Aida]]''; and the French national anthem, "[[La Marseillaise]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/7815-the-national-anthems-predecessor-and-influences/|title=The National Anthem's predecessor and influences|publisher=[[Malacañang Palace]]|accessdate=December 26, 2015}}</ref> It was played by the Banda San Francisco de Malabon (now called the ''Banda Matanda'', from present-day [[General Trias, Cavite|General Trias]]) during the proclamation rites on June 12. |
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In August 1899, the soldier and writer [[José Palma]] penned the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] poem ''[[Lupang Hinirang#Filipinas|Filipinas]]'' during his stay in Casa Hacienda in [[Bautista, Pangasinan]]. The poem was published for the first time for the first anniversary of the newspaper ''La Independencia'' on September 3, 1899, and was subsequently set to the tune of the "Marcha Nacional Filipina".<ref name=" |
In August 1899, the soldier and writer [[José Palma]] penned the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] poem ''[[Lupang Hinirang#Filipinas|Filipinas]]'' during his stay in Casa Hacienda in [[Bautista, Pangasinan]]. The poem was published for the first time for the first anniversary of the newspaper ''La Independencia'' on September 3, 1899, and was subsequently set to the tune of the "Marcha Nacional Filipina".<ref name="palmabook">The original text, as published in Barcelona, Spain in 1912: {{cite book|last=Palma |first=José |authorlink=José Palma |title=Melancólicas: Coleccion de Poesías |url=https://archive.org/details/adh5969.0001.001.umich.edu |year=1912 |publisher=Liberería Manila Filatélica |location=[[Manila]], [[Philippines]]}} (Digital copy found online at [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?seq=5&view=image&size=100&id=miun.adh5969.0001.001&u=1&num=58 HathiTrust Digital Library] on March 31, 2010)</ref><ref name="palma2">Contemporary restatements of and comments about the original text:<br /> |
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^ {{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/filipinas.html|chapter=The Making of Filipinas|url=http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/|title=The Philippines Centennial|publisher=msc.edu.ph|accessdate=November 12, 2008}}<br /> |
^ {{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/filipinas.html|chapter=The Making of Filipinas|url=http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/|title=The Philippines Centennial|publisher=msc.edu.ph|accessdate=November 12, 2008}}<br /> |
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^ {{cite book|chapter-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413090729/http://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/filipiniana/nationalanthem.asp|chapter=The Philippine National Anthem|url=http://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/|title=Filipinas Heritage Library|publisher=filipinaslibrary.org.ph|accessdate=March 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819235440/http://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/|archive-date=August 19, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
^ {{cite book|chapter-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413090729/http://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/filipiniana/nationalanthem.asp|chapter=The Philippine National Anthem|url=http://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/|title=Filipinas Heritage Library|publisher=filipinaslibrary.org.ph|accessdate=March 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819235440/http://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/|archive-date=August 19, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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Philippine law requires that the anthem always be rendered in accordance with Felipe's original musical arrangement and composition, but the original [[holograph]] cannot be located.<ref name="ra8491" /><ref name="ambeth">{{cite journal|url=http://news.inq7.net/opinion/index.php?index=2&story_id=38046&col=80|title=The right way to sing the National Anthem|first=Ambeth R.|last=Ocampo|date=May 24, 2005 |
Philippine law requires that the anthem always be rendered in accordance with Felipe's original musical arrangement and composition, but the original [[holograph]] cannot be located.<ref name="ra8491" /><ref name="ambeth">{{cite journal|url=http://news.inq7.net/opinion/index.php?index=2&story_id=38046&col=80|title=The right way to sing the National Anthem|first=Ambeth R.|last=Ocampo|date=May 24, 2005 |
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|journal=Philippines Daily Inquirer| |
|journal=Philippines Daily Inquirer|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050526123412/http://news.inq7.net/opinion/index.php?index=2&story_id=38046&col=80 |archivedate=May 26, 2005}} (archived from [http://news.inq7.net/opinion/index.php?index=2&story_id=38046&col=80 the original] on May 26, 2005)</ref> In the 1920s, the time signature was changed from 2/4 to 4/4 to facilitate its singing and the [[key signature|key]] was changed from the original [[C major]] to [[G major|G]].<ref name="ambeth" /> |
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After the repeal of the [[Flag Act (Philippines)|Flag Act of 1907]] (which banned the use of revolutionary and Katipunan symbols) in 1919, the [[Insular Government]] decided to translate the hymn from its original Spanish to [[English language|English]]. The first translation was written around that time by the renowned poet [[Paz Marquez Benitez]] of the [[University of the Philippines]]. The most popular translation, called the "[[Philippine Hymn]]", was written by [[Senate of the Philippines|Senator]] [[Camilo Osías]] and an [[American people|American]], Mary A. Lane. |
After the repeal of the [[Flag Act (Philippines)|Flag Act of 1907]] (which banned the use of revolutionary and Katipunan symbols) in 1919, the [[Insular Government]] decided to translate the hymn from its original Spanish to [[English language|English]]. The first translation was written around that time by the renowned poet [[Paz Marquez Benitez]] of the [[University of the Philippines]]. The most popular translation, called the "[[Philippine Hymn]]", was written by [[Senate of the Philippines|Senator]] [[Camilo Osías]] and an [[American people|American]], Mary A. Lane. |
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[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] translations began appearing in the 1940s, with the first known one titled ''[[Lupang Hinirang#Diwa ng Bayan|Diwa ng Bayan]]'' ("Spirit of the Country"), which was sung during the [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines]]. The second most popular one was ''[[Lupang Hinirang#O Sintang Lupa|O Sintang Lupa]]'' ("O Beloved Land") by [[Julian Cruz Balmaceda|Julián Cruz Balmaceda]], [[Ildefonso Santos]], and Francisco Caballo; this was adopted as the official version in 1948. Upon the adoption of ''Diwa ng Bayan'', the song ''Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas'' and the Japanese national anthem ''[[Kimigayo]]'' were replaced.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cribb |first=Robert |author2=Narangoa Li |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Routledge |date=July 22, 2003 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGQMKex16AsC&q=%22Diwa%20ng%20Bayan%22 |
[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] translations began appearing in the 1940s, with the first known one titled ''[[Lupang Hinirang#Diwa ng Bayan|Diwa ng Bayan]]'' ("Spirit of the Country"), which was sung during the [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines]]. The second most popular one was ''[[Lupang Hinirang#O Sintang Lupa|O Sintang Lupa]]'' ("O Beloved Land") by [[Julian Cruz Balmaceda|Julián Cruz Balmaceda]], [[Ildefonso Santos]], and Francisco Caballo; this was adopted as the official version in 1948. Upon the adoption of ''Diwa ng Bayan'', the song ''Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas'' and the Japanese national anthem ''[[Kimigayo]]'' were replaced.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cribb |first=Robert |author2=Narangoa Li |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Routledge |date=July 22, 2003 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGQMKex16AsC&pg=PA269&dq=%22Diwa+ng+Bayan%22&q=%22Diwa%20ng%20Bayan%22 |isbn=0-7007-1482-0}}</ref> |
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During the term of [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Ramon Magsaysay]], Education Secretary Gregorio Hernández formed a commission to revise the lyrics. On May 26, 1956, the |
During the term of [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Ramon Magsaysay]], Education Secretary Gregorio Hernández formed a commission to revise the lyrics. On May 26, 1956, the [[Filipino language|Pilipino]] translation "Lupang Hinirang" was sung for the first time. Minor revisions were made in the 1960s, and it is [[Lupang Hinirang#Official lyric|this version]] by Felipe Padilla de León which is presently used. |
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The [[Martial Law in the Philippines|Martial Law years from 1972–1981]] during the second term of [[Ferdinand Marcos]] up to the [[People Power Revolution|1986 EDSA Revolution]] saw the use of the National Anthem as the opening protest song of some political and union groups, accompanied by the use of the "raised clenched fist" salute instead of the traditional hand-to-heart salute. |
The [[Martial Law in the Philippines|Martial Law years from 1972–1981]] during the second term of [[Ferdinand Marcos]] up to the [[People Power Revolution|1986 EDSA Revolution]] saw the use of the National Anthem as the opening protest song of some political and union groups, accompanied by the use of the "raised clenched fist" salute instead of the traditional hand-to-heart salute. |
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The |
The [[Filipino language|Filipino]]{{efn|Spelled with an F since 1973, affirmed in 1987 – see respective [[Philippine Constitution|Constitutions]]}} lyrics have been confirmed by [[Republic Acts of the Philippines|Republic Act]] No. 8491 (the "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines") in 1998, abandoning use of both the Spanish and English versions.<ref name="ra8491" /> |
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Historian [[Ambeth Ocampo]] observed that the Spanish lyrics, which were not intended to be sung when composed, do not flow with the music very well compared to later English and |
Historian [[Ambeth Ocampo]] observed that the Spanish lyrics, which were not intended to be sung when composed, do not flow with the music very well compared to later English and Filipino versions which are smoother. Also, some of the original meanings in ''Filipinas'' have been lost in translation; for example, the original ''Hija del sol de oriente'' (literally, "Daughter of the Orient (Eastern) Sun") became "Child of the sun returning" in the Philippine Hymn and ''Perlas ng Silanganan'' ("Pearl of the Orient") in the present official Tagalog version.<ref name = "mabini">{{cite book|last=Ocampo |first=Ambeth R. |authorlink= Ambeth Ocampo |title=Mabini's Ghost |year=1995 |publisher=Anvil Publishing |location=[[Pasig City]], [[Philippines]]}}</ref> |
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===Other anthems=== |
===Other anthems=== |
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"Lupang Hinirang" was not the first Filipino national anthem to be conceived. The composer and revolutionist [[Julio Nakpil]] penned ''[[Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan]]'' (Honourable Hymn of the ''Katagalugan''), which was later called ''Salve Patria'' ("Hail, Fatherland"). It was originally intended to be the official anthem of the ''[[Katipunan]]'', the secret society that spearheaded the Revolution. It is considered a national anthem because [[Andrés Bonifacio]], the chief founder and ''Supremo'' of the ''Katipunan'', converted the organization into a revolutionary government—with himself as President—known as the ''Republika ng Katagalugan'' ([[Tagalog Republic]]) just before hostilities erupted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about_cultarts/articles.php?artcl_Id=5|title=Andres Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution|last=Guerrero|first=Milagros C.|publisher=National Commission for culture and the Arts (NCCA)|accessdate=September 26, 2007 | |
"Lupang Hinirang" was not the first Filipino national anthem to be conceived. The composer and revolutionist [[Julio Nakpil]] penned ''[[Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan]]'' (Honourable Hymn of the ''Katagalugan''), which was later called ''Salve Patria'' ("Hail, Fatherland"). It was originally intended to be the official anthem of the ''[[Katipunan]]'', the secret society that spearheaded the Revolution. It is considered a national anthem because [[Andrés Bonifacio]], the chief founder and ''Supremo'' of the ''Katipunan'', converted the organization into a revolutionary government—with himself as President—known as the ''Republika ng Katagalugan'' ([[Tagalog Republic]]) just before hostilities erupted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about_cultarts/articles.php?artcl_Id=5|title=Andres Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution|last=Guerrero|first=Milagros C.|publisher=National Commission for culture and the Arts (NCCA)|accessdate=September 26, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118020717/http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about_cultarts/articles.php?artcl_Id=5 |archivedate=January 18, 2008}}</ref> The arrangement was by Julio Nakpil, who reconstructed it from memory after the original score was destroyed in 1945 during the battle for Manila. It would later be reworked and incorporated in the orchestral piece, ''Salve, Filipinas''. |
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The ''Katipunan'' or ''Republika ng Katagalugan'' was superseded by Aguinaldo's ''[[First Philippine Republic|Republica Filipina]]''. The anthem, later renamed ''Himno Nacional'', was never adopted by Aguinaldo for unspecified reasons. The term "''Katagalugan''" in the anthem referred the Philippine Islands as a whole and not just [[Tagalog language|Tagalophone]] [[Filipino people|Filipinos]]. |
The ''Katipunan'' or ''Republika ng Katagalugan'' was superseded by Aguinaldo's ''[[First Philippine Republic|Republica Filipina]]''. The anthem, later renamed ''Himno Nacional'', was never adopted by Aguinaldo for unspecified reasons. The term "''Katagalugan''" in the anthem referred the Philippine Islands as a whole and not just [[Tagalog language|Tagalophone]] [[Filipino people|Filipinos]]. |
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==Lyrics== |
==Lyrics== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
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The following Spanish, English and Tagalog versions of the national anthem have been given official status throughout Philippine history. However, only the most recent and current Tagalog version is officially recognised by law. The Flag and Heraldic Code, approved on February 12, 1998 specifies, "The National Anthem shall always be sung in the [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] within or outside the country; violation of the law is punishable by a fine and imprisonment.<ref name="ra8491" /> Several bills have been introduced to amend the Flag and Heraldic Code to highlight the importance of |
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! style="width:350px;"|Ang pambansang awit ng mga GMA Network Fantards:<br>''Lupang Kanguso'' |
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complying, abiding and conforming to the standard expression as prescribed by law. {{as of|2015}}, none have been enacted into law.<ref>{{cite news |title=Philippines national anthem abuse subject to new law |author=Kate McGeown |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11473753 |work=BBC News |date=October 5, 2010 |accessdate=February 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>Introduced bills: |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=14&q=SBN-772|title=14th Congress : Senate Bill No. 772 : PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM|publisher=Senate of the Philippines|date=September 3, 2007}} |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=15&q=SBN-2619|title=15th Congress : Senate Bill No. 2619 : PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM|publisher=Senate of the Philippines|date=December 7, 2010}} |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=14&q=SBN-2691|title=15th Congress : Senate Bill No. 2691 : PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM|publisher=Senate of the Philippines|date=February 15, 2011}}</ref> |
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{| class="toccolours" cellpadding="10" style="margin:auto;" |
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|- style="background:white;" |
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! {{big|Original Spanish Version <br>''Marcha Nacional Filipina'' (1899)}}<ref name="ocampo1">{{cite news|url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/72558/lupang-hinirang-or-bayang-magiliw|title='Lupang Hinirang' or 'Bayang Magiliw'?|author=Ambeth R. Ocampo|author-link=Ambeth Ocampo|newspaper=[[The Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=March 14, 2014}}</ref>{{fv|date=September 2020}}<br>{{small|penned by [[José Palma]]}}{{cn|date=September 2020}} |
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! {{big|Official Commonwealth-Era<br>English Version <br>'' The Philippine Hymn'' (1938)}}<ref name="ocampo1" />{{fv|date=September 2020}}<br>{{small|translated by [[Camilo Osías]] and A. L. Lane}}{{cn|date=September 2020}} |
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! {{big|Official Tagalog Version <br>'' Lupang Hinirang''<br>(1958, rev. 1963{{fv|date=September 2020}})}}<ref name=ra8491>{{cite PH act|number=8491|url=http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1998/02/12/republic-act-no-8491/|title=An Act prescribing the Code of the National Flag,Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines|date=February 12, 1998|accessdate=July 23, 2016}}</ref> |
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! colspan="4" style="background:gold;"| |
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|<poem> |
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Tierra adorada, |
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Hija del sol de Oriente, |
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Su fuego ardiente |
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En ti latiendo está. |
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Tierra de amores, |
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Del heroísmo cuna, |
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Los invasores |
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No te hallorán jamás. |
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En tu azul cielo, en tus auras, |
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En tus montes y en tu mar |
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Esplende y late el poema |
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De tu amada libertad. |
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Tu pabellón, que en las lides |
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La victoria iluminó, |
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No verá nunca apagados |
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Sus estrellas y su sol. |
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Tierra de dichas, de sol y de amores, |
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En tu regazo dulce es vivir; |
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Es una gloria para tus hijos, |
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Cuando te ofenden, por ti morir. |
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</poem> |
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|<poem> |
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Land of the morning, |
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Child of the sun returning. |
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With fervor burning |
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Thee do our souls adore. |
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Land dear and holy, |
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Cradle of noble heroes, |
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Ne’er shall invaders |
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Trample thy sacred shores. |
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Ever within thy skies and through thy clouds |
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And o’er thy hills and sea |
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Do we behold the radiance, |
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feel the throb of glorious liberty. |
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Thy banner dear to all our hearts, |
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Its sun and stars alight. |
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Oh, never shall its shining fields |
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Be dimmed by tyrant's might! |
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Beautiful land of love, o land of light, |
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In thine embrace ’tis rapture to lie. |
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But it is glory ever, when thou art wronged, |
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For us thy sons to suffer and die. |
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</poem> |
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|<poem> |
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Bayang magiliw, |
|||
Perlas ng silanganan, |
|||
Alab ng puso |
|||
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay. |
|||
Lupang hinirang, |
|||
Duyan ka ng magiting, |
|||
Sa manlulupig |
|||
Di ka pasisiil. |
|||
Sa dagat at bundok, |
|||
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw, |
|||
May dilag ang tula |
|||
At awit sa paglayang minamahal. |
|||
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y |
|||
Tagumpay na nagniningning; |
|||
Ang bituin at araw niya, |
|||
Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim. |
|||
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta, |
|||
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo; |
|||
Aming ligaya na ‘pag may mang-aapi, |
|||
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa ‘yo. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|} |
|||
{| class="collapsible wikitable"style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Original Spanish poem:<br>''Filipinas'' |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Unofficial Tagalog translation:<br>''Pilipinas''<ref name = "humanities diliman">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301904011|last1= Anastacio| first1= Deborrah S.|last2=Ausa|first2=Gem Carlo B.|last3=Guerrero|first3=Jamie G.|last4=Piguing|first4=Jianne Irissa P.|last5= Romero|first5=Sofia Mae R.|last6=Demeterio|first6=F.P.A. III|date=January 2016|title=Isang Mapanuring Paghahambing sa Ingles, Tagalog, at Sebwanong Mga Salin ng Orihinal na Espanyol na Lyrics ng Pambansang Awit ng Pilipinas (A Comparative Analysis of the English, Tagalog and Cebuano Translations of the Original Spanish Lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem)|journal=Humanities Diliman|language=tl|publisher=[[University of the Philippines Diliman]]|location=[[Quezon City]]|volume=16|issue= 1|pages=1–22|via=https://www.researchgate.net/}}</ref>{{fv|date=September 2020|reason=the lyrics here do not mtch either of the two translations given in the cited source}}{{efn|name=evolution|This translation is intended for illustrating the evolution of the Philippine national anthem.}} |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Unofficial English translation:<br>''Philippines''<ref name="palmabook2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwZgb0Oy4RkC&q=%C2%A1Patria+de+amores%21+Del+hero%C3%ADsmo+cuna%2C&pg=PA35|title=Imperios y naciones en el Pacífico: Colonialismo e identidad nacional en Filipinas y Micronesia|last1=Pérez-Grueso|first1=María Dolores Elizalde|last2=Elizalde|first2=María Dolores|last3=Fradera|first3=Josep Maria|author-link3=Josep Maria Fradera|last4=Álvarez|first4=L. Alonso|last5=Pacífico|first5=Asociación Española de Estudios del|last6=(Spain)|first6=Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas|date=2001|publisher=Editorial CSIC – CSIC Press|isbn=9788400079383|pages=35–36|language=en, es}}</ref>{{fv|date=September 2020|reason=Asserted lyrics differ from the cited supporting source}}{{efn|name=evolution}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| |
||
<poem> |
<poem> |
||
Bayang Kanguso, |
|||
Tierra adorada, |
|||
Perlas ng Silanganan. |
|||
Hija del sol de Oriente, |
|||
Alab ng Puta, |
|||
Su fuego ardiente |
|||
Sa dibdib mo'y Tanga. |
|||
En ti latiendo está. |
|||
Lupang KANGUSO, |
|||
Duyan ka nang GME. |
|||
Tierra de amores, |
|||
Sa manlulupig, |
|||
Del heroísmo cuna, |
|||
pasisiil ka. |
|||
Los invasores |
|||
Sa [[The One That Got Away (TV series)|TOTGA]] at [[Meant to Be (TV series)|Meant to Be]], |
|||
No te hallorán jamás. |
|||
Sa simoy at sa GMA Shutdown. |
|||
May dilag ang PUTA, |
|||
En tu azul cielo, en tus auras, |
|||
At awit sa paglayang Kinakanguso. |
|||
En tus montes y en tu mar |
|||
Ang kislap ng watawat ng kanguso ay magniningning/Ang kapal ng mukha mo, [[User:PJ Santos|PJ Santos]], |
|||
Esplende y late el poema |
|||
Siraulo ka. |
|||
De tu amada libertad. |
|||
Ang bituin at araw, |
|||
Niya kailan pa ma'y magdidilim. |
|||
Tu pabellón, que en las lides |
|||
Lupa ng araw ng luwalhati't pagsalsal |
|||
La victoria iluminó, |
|||
Buhay ay nguso sa piling mo. |
|||
No verá nunca apagados |
|||
Ang Kapamilya, laban, [[ABS-CBN]], |
|||
Sus estrellas y su sol. |
|||
Ang mamatay na ang Kanguso. |
|||
Tierra de dichas, de sol y de amores, |
|||
En tu regazo dulce es vivir; |
|||
Es una gloria para tus hijos, |
|||
Cuando te ofenden, por ti morir. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
Lupang minamahal, |
|||
Anak{{efn|name=daughters|"Anak" (child) is gender-neutral, literally "anak na babae" (female child, daughter)}} ng araw ng Silangan, |
|||
Maapoy na damdamin |
|||
Sa iyo ay tumitibok. |
|||
Lupa ng pag-ibig, |
|||
Kuna ng kabayanihan, |
|||
Sa mga mananalakay |
|||
Di ka mayuyurakan kailan man. |
|||
Sa iyong bughaw na langit, sa iyong hangin, |
|||
Sa iyong kabundukan at sa iyong dagat |
|||
Kumikinang at tumitibok ang tula |
|||
Ng iyong minamahal na kalayaan. |
|||
Ang iyong watawat, na sa mga labanan |
|||
Ay nagniningning sa tagumpay, |
|||
Hindi kailan man didilim |
|||
Ang kanyang mga bituin at araw. |
|||
Lupa ng ligaya, ng araw at ng mga pag-ibig |
|||
Sa iyong kandungan, buhay ay matamis; |
|||
Isang kaluwalhatian para sa iyong mga anak{{efn|name=sons|"Mga anak" (children) is gender-neutral, literally "mga anak na lalaki" (male children, sons)}} |
|||
Na kapag may puminsala sa iyo, ang mamatay. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
Beloved land, |
|||
Daughter of the Orient sun, |
|||
Her ardent fire |
|||
Beats within you. |
|||
Land of loves, |
|||
Cradle of heroism, |
|||
The invaders |
|||
Shall never trample you down. |
|||
In your blue sky, in your winds, |
|||
In your mountains and in your sea |
|||
Shines and throbs the poem |
|||
Of your cherished liberty. |
|||
Your flag, which in the struggles |
|||
illuminates in victory, |
|||
Shall never see the dimming of |
|||
its stars and its sun. |
|||
Land of joy, of the sun and of loves, |
|||
In your lap, it is sweet to live; |
|||
It is glorious for your sons |
|||
When you are injured, to die for you. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|} |
|||
{| class="collapsible wikitable"style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Official Commonwealth-era English version:<br>''The Philippine Hymn'' |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Unofficial Tagalog translation:<br>''Ang Himno ng Pilipinas''<ref name = "humanities diliman" />{{efn|name=evolution}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
Land of the morning, |
|||
Child of the sun returning. |
|||
With fervor burning |
|||
Thee do our souls adore. |
|||
Land dear and holy, |
|||
Cradle of noble heroes, |
|||
Ne’er shall invaders |
|||
Trample thy sacred shores. |
|||
Ever within thy skies and through thy clouds |
|||
And o’er thy hills and sea |
|||
Do we behold the radiance, |
|||
feel the throb of glorious liberty. |
|||
Thy banner dear to all our hearts, |
|||
Its sun and stars alight. |
|||
Oh, never shall its shining fields |
|||
Be dimmed by tyrant's might! |
|||
Beautiful land of love, o land of light, |
|||
In thine embrace ’tis rapture to lie. |
|||
But it is glory ever, when thou art wronged, |
|||
For us thy sons to suffer and die. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
Lupa ng umaga, |
|||
Anak ng araw na bumabalik. |
|||
Sa pag-alab ng damdamin |
|||
Kayo ang minamahal ng aming kaluluwa. |
|||
Lupang mahal at banal, |
|||
Kuna ng mga dakilang bayani. |
|||
Hindi kailanman ang mga mananalakay |
|||
Yuyurak sa banal niyong baybayin. |
|||
Sa inyong mga langit at sa inyong mga ulap, |
|||
At sa taas ng inyong kabundukan at dagat |
|||
Nasasaksihan namin ang busilak, |
|||
Nararamdaman ang tibok ng maluwalhating kalayaan. |
|||
Ang inyong bandila, mahal sa lahat ng puso namin, |
|||
Ang araw at ang mga bituin niya ay nagniningning, |
|||
O, hindi kailanman ang kaniyang makislap na larangan |
|||
Na didilim sa kapangyarihan ng tirano! |
|||
Magandang lupa ng pag-ibig, o lupa ng liwanag, |
|||
Sa yakap niyo ay ubod ng sayang mahiga. |
|||
Ngunit labis na kaluwalhatian, kapag kayo ay malapastangan, |
|||
Na kaming iyong mga anak ay magdusa at mamatay. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|} |
|||
{| class="collapsible wikitable"style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Official Tagalog translation:<br>''Lupang Hinirang'' |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Unofficial English translation:<br>''Chosen Land''{{efn|name=evolution}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
Bayang magiliw, |
|||
Perlas ng silanganan, |
|||
Alab ng puso |
|||
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay. |
|||
Lupang hinirang, |
|||
Duyan ka ng magiting, |
|||
Sa manlulupig |
|||
Di ka pasisiil. |
|||
Sa dagat at bundok, |
|||
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw, |
|||
May dilag ang tula |
|||
At awit sa paglayang minamahal. |
|||
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y |
|||
Tagumpay na nagniningning; |
|||
Ang bituin at araw niya, |
|||
Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim. |
|||
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta, |
|||
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo; |
|||
Aming ligaya na ‘pag may mang-aapi, |
|||
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa ‘yo. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
Beloved country, |
|||
Pearl of the Orient, |
|||
The ardor of the heart |
|||
In your bosom is ever alive. |
|||
Chosen Land, |
|||
You are the cradle of the brave, |
|||
To the conquerors |
|||
You shall never surrender. |
|||
Through the seas and mountains, |
|||
Through the air and your blue skies, |
|||
There is splendor in the poem |
|||
And song of beloved freedom. |
|||
The sparkle of your flag |
|||
Is shining victory. |
|||
Its stars and sun |
|||
will never ever dim. |
|||
Land of the morning, of glory, of our affection, |
|||
Life is heaven in your arms; |
|||
When someone oppresses you, it is our pleasure |
|||
To die for you. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|} |
|||
===Other historical lyrics=== |
|||
{| class="collapsible wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Pre-Commonwealth English version:<br>''O Land Beloved'' (1919)<ref name="nlpdl"/> |
|||
{{small|translated by [[Paz Márquez-Benítez]]}}<ref name="mabini" /> |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Unofficial Tagalog translation:<br>''O Lupang Magiliw''{{efn|name=evolution}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
O land beloved, |
|||
Child of the sunny Orient, |
|||
Whose ardent spirit |
|||
Ever burns in thy breast! |
|||
O land of beauty, |
|||
Cradle of valiant warriors, |
|||
Tyrant oppressors |
|||
Never will daunt thy sons! |
|||
On the blue seas and verdant hills |
|||
And in the winds and azure skies, |
|||
Thy immortal voice of Liberty |
|||
We hear in ringing song arise. |
|||
On thy dear banner that has led |
|||
Thy sons to victory in the fight, |
|||
Forever shall its sun and stars |
|||
Unclouded shine with golden light. |
|||
Philippines, O land beloved of the sun, |
|||
On thy dear bosom life is sweet! |
|||
But in the hour when men must die for thee, |
|||
Gladly our lives we’ll lay at thy feet! |
|||
</poem> |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
O lupang magiliw, |
|||
Anak ng maaraw na Silangan, |
|||
Ang iyong maalab na diwa |
|||
Ay walang-tigil na umaapoy sa inyong dibdib! |
|||
O lupa ng kagandahan, |
|||
Kuna ng mga matatapang na mandirigma, |
|||
Ang mga mapang-aping tirano |
|||
Kailan pa ma'y hindi kakatakutan ng inyong mga anak! |
|||
Sa bughaw na mga dagat at sa mga luntian na burol |
|||
At sa mga hangin at sa bughaw na langit, |
|||
Ang iyong walang-kamatayang tining ng Kalayaan |
|||
Ay naririnig namin na umuusbong sa awit na dumadagundong. |
|||
Sa iyong mahal na watawat na nanguna |
|||
Sa iyong mga anak sa matagumpay na labanan, |
|||
Kailan pa ma'y ang kanyang araw at kanyang mga bituin |
|||
Na malinaw na magniningning ng gintong liwanag. |
|||
Pilipinas, o lupang ikinagigiliw ng araw, |
|||
Sa inyong piling ang buhay ay matamis! |
|||
Ngunit sa panahon na kailangang may mamatay para sa iyo, |
|||
Ikinagagalak naming i-alay ang aming mga buhay sa iyo! |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|} |
|||
{| class="collapsible wikitable"style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Official [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Japanese]]-era [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] version:<br>''Diwa ng Bayan'' (1943)<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZctAAAAIAAJ|title=The Evolution of the National Anthem |author=Dalmacio Martin|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kZctAAAAIAAJ&q=%22diwa+ng+bayan%22 4]|journal=Silliman Journal|year=1968 }}{{better source|date=November 2019|reason=Full lyrics not visible in cited online source}}</ref> |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Unofficial English translation:<br>''Spirit of the Country''{{efn|name=evolution}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
Lupang mapalad, |
|||
Na mutya ng silangan; |
|||
Bayang kasuyo, |
|||
Ng sangkalikasan. |
|||
Buhay at yaman, |
|||
Ng Kapilipinuhan; |
|||
Kuha't bawi, |
|||
Sa banyagang kamay. |
|||
Sa iyong langit, bundok, |
|||
batis, dagat na pinalupig; |
|||
Nailibing na ang karimlan, |
|||
Ng kahapong pagtitiis. |
|||
Sakit at luha, hirap, |
|||
Sisa at sumpa sa pag-aamis; |
|||
ay wala nang lahat at naligtas, |
|||
Sa ibig manlupit. |
|||
Hayo't magdiwang lahi kong minamahal, |
|||
Iyong watawat ang siyang tanglaw; |
|||
At kung sakaling ikaw ay muling pagbantaan, |
|||
Aming bangkay ang siyang hahadlang. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
| |
|||
<poem>Land that is blessed, |
|||
that is Pearl of the East; |
|||
Nation in union |
|||
with [the whole of] nature. |
|||
The life and riches |
|||
Of the Filipino people |
|||
Taken and reclaimed |
|||
From foreign hands. |
|||
In Thy skies, mountains, |
|||
Springs, seas that were conquered |
|||
Buried already is the darkness |
|||
Of yesterday's suffering. |
|||
Pain and tears, hardship, |
|||
Difficulty and curse of oppression |
|||
Are all gone and [we] are saved |
|||
From those who wish to be cruel [to us]. |
|||
Come, let us celebrate, my beloved race, |
|||
Thy flag shall be our guiding light; |
|||
And should Thou be once more threatened, |
|||
Our corpses shall block the way. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|} |
|||
{|class="collapsible wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Post-World War II Tagalog version:<br>''O Sintang Lupa'' (early version c. 1945–1948)<ref name="nlpdl">{{cite web|url=http://116.50.242.170/nlpdl/JF01/162/18465/bs/home.htm|title=Philippine National Anthem|website=National Library of the Philippines: Digital Collection|access-date=May 8, 2019}}</ref>{{fv|date=September 2020|reason=Asserted lyrics differ from lyrics in the supporting source cited}} |
|||
{{small|translated by [[Ildefonso Santos]]}} |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Unofficial English translation:<br>''O Beloved Land''{{efn|name=evolution}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
O sintang lupa, |
|||
Perlas ng Silanganan, |
|||
Diwang apoy kang |
|||
Sa araw nagmula. |
|||
Lupang maguiliw, |
|||
Pugad ng kagitingan, |
|||
Sa manglulupig |
|||
May pamuksang handa. |
|||
Sa dagat mo't manga bundok |
|||
Sa bughaw mong papawirin; |
|||
Kumikislap, pumipitlag |
|||
Ang Layang di magmamaliw! |
|||
Watawat mong kung may digma |
|||
Sa tagumpay pamanglaw din; |
|||
Kailanma'y di lalamlam |
|||
Ang araw niya't bituin! |
|||
Sa iyo, Lupa ng ligaya't pagsinta |
|||
Ay kay tamis ng mabuhay. |
|||
Datapwa't langit naming ang dahil sa iyo |
|||
Kung apihi'y magpakamatay. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
O beloved land, |
|||
Pearl of the Orient, |
|||
A fiery spirit Thou art |
|||
From the sun come forth. |
|||
Land dearest, |
|||
Nest of valour, |
|||
Against conquerors |
|||
Ready to fight and destroy. |
|||
In Thy seas and mountains, |
|||
In Thy blue skies, |
|||
Shining and leaping to and fro |
|||
Is Freedom without end. |
|||
Thy flag, when there is war, |
|||
Of victory is desirous; |
|||
They shall never dim forevermore, |
|||
Its sun and stars! |
|||
In Thee, Land of joy and loving, |
|||
Is so sweet to live. |
|||
Therefore it is heaven for us, for Thy sake |
|||
When Thou art oppressed, to lay down our lives. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|} |
|||
{|class="collapsible wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Official post-World War II Tagalog version:<br>''O Sintang Lupa'' (1948 revision)<ref>{{cite web|title=O Sintang Lupa|url=http://www.sintunado.com/o-sintang-lupa|publisher=Sintunado|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512220202/http://www.sintunado.com/o-sintang-lupa|archive-date=May 12, 2012}}</ref> |
|||
{{small|translated by [[Ildefonso Santos]]}} |
|||
! style="width:350px;"|Unofficial English translation:<br>''O Beloved Land''{{efn|name=evolution}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
O sintang lupa, |
|||
Perlas ng Silanganan, |
|||
Diwang apoy kang |
|||
Sa araw nagmula. |
|||
Lupang magiliw, |
|||
Pugad ng kagitingan, |
|||
Sa manlulupig |
|||
Di ka papaslang. |
|||
Sa iyong langit, simoy, parang. |
|||
Dagat at kabundukan, |
|||
Laganap ang tibok ng puso |
|||
Sa paglayang walang hanggan. |
|||
Sagisag ng watawat mong mahal |
|||
Ningning at tagumpay; |
|||
Araw't bituin niyang maalab |
|||
Ang s'yang lagi naming tanglaw. |
|||
Sa iyo, Lupa ng ligaya't pagsinta, |
|||
Tamis mabuhay na yakap mo, |
|||
Datapwa't langit ding kung ikaw ay apihin |
|||
Ay mamatay ng dahil sa 'yo. |
|||
</poem> |
|||
|| |
|||
<poem> |
|||
O beloved land, |
|||
Pearl of the Orient, |
|||
A fiery spirit Thou art |
|||
From the sun come forth. |
|||
Land dearest, |
|||
Nest of valour, |
|||
By conquerors |
|||
Thou shalt never be slain. |
|||
In Thy skies, air, meadows, |
|||
Seas and mountains, |
|||
Widespread is the heartbeat |
|||
of freedom without end. |
|||
Thy precious flag symbolizes |
|||
Brilliance and victory; |
|||
Its sun and stars ablaze |
|||
Shall ever be our guiding light. |
|||
In Thee, Land of joy and loving, |
|||
'Tis sweet to live embraced by Thee. |
|||
Therefore heaven, too, if Thou would be oppressed, |
|||
Is to die because of Thee. |
|||
</poem> |
</poem> |
||
|} |
|} |
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Other common errors include substitution of ''na'' ("when") in "''Aming ligaya na 'pag may mang-aapi''" ("'Tis our joy when there be oppressor") with "''ng''" ("of"); "''alab''" ("flame", "passion") in "''Alab ng puso''" ("Burning of the heart") with "''alam''" ("know", "knowledge"); and "''mong''" (contraction of ''mo'' and ''ng'', meaning "yours that is") in "''Sa langit mong bughaw''" ("in the heavens of yours which is blue") with "''mo'y''" ("yours is"). |
Other common errors include substitution of ''na'' ("when") in "''Aming ligaya na 'pag may mang-aapi''" ("'Tis our joy when there be oppressor") with "''ng''" ("of"); "''alab''" ("flame", "passion") in "''Alab ng puso''" ("Burning of the heart") with "''alam''" ("know", "knowledge"); and "''mong''" (contraction of ''mo'' and ''ng'', meaning "yours that is") in "''Sa langit mong bughaw''" ("in the heavens of yours which is blue") with "''mo'y''" ("yours is"). |
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===Proposed lyrical revision=== |
===Proposed lyrical revision=== |
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The final line of the national anthem, ''Ang mamatay nang dahil sa 'yo ( |
The final line of the national anthem, ''Ang mamatay nang dahil sa 'yo'' (For us thy sons to suffer and die), is subject to certain proposed revisions for being [[defeatism|defeatist]]. in 2013, Filipino musician [[Joey Ayala]], tampered with the national anthem in a forum by changing the last line to ''ang magmahal ng dahil sa 'yo (to love for the country)'' and arranged the time signature from 4/4 to 6/8.<ref>[https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/43933-joey-ayala-lupang-hinirang Joey Ayala's version of 'Lupang Hinirang']</ref> Senate President [[Tito Sotto|Vicente Sotto III]] suggested that last line should be revised to ''Ang ipaglaban ang kalayaan mo (To defend thy freedom)'' as it reflects the commitment of the [[Filipinos]] to defend the country's independence.<ref>[https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/19/18/sotto-wants-philippine-national-anthem-revised Sotto wants Philippine national anthem revised]</ref> |
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==Music and tempo== |
==Music and tempo== |
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== Usage and regulation == |
== Usage and regulation == |
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Article XVI, Section 2 of the [[1987 Constitution]] specifies that "The [[Congress of the Philippines|Congress]] may, by law, adopt a new name for the country, a national anthem, or a national seal, which shall be truly reflective and symbolic of the ideals, history, and traditions of the people. Such law shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a national referendum."<ref name="consti">{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/a16.asp |title=1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines |publisher=RP Government |accessdate=September 26, 2007 | |
Article XVI, Section 2 of the [[1987 Constitution]] specifies that "The [[Congress of the Philippines|Congress]] may, by law, adopt a new name for the country, a national anthem, or a national seal, which shall be truly reflective and symbolic of the ideals, history, and traditions of the people. Such law shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a national referendum."<ref name="consti">{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/a16.asp |title=1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines |publisher=RP Government |accessdate=September 26, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930160301/http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/a16.asp |archivedate=September 30, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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===Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines=== |
===Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines=== |
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The Anthem is usually played during public gatherings in the Philippines or in foreign countries where the Filipino audience is sizable. The Code also provides that it be played at other occasions as may be allowed by the National Historical Institute (now known as the [[National Historical Commission of the Philippines]]). It prohibits its playing or singing for mere recreation, amusement, or entertainment except during International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative; local competitions; during the "[[sign-on and sign-off|sign-on]]" and "[[sign-on and sign-off|sign-off]]" of radio broadcasting and television stations in the country; and before the initial and last screening of films and before the opening of theatre performances. |
The Anthem is usually played during public gatherings in the Philippines or in foreign countries where the Filipino audience is sizable. The Code also provides that it be played at other occasions as may be allowed by the National Historical Institute (now known as the [[National Historical Commission of the Philippines]]). It prohibits its playing or singing for mere recreation, amusement, or entertainment except during International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative; local competitions; during the "[[sign-on and sign-off|sign-on]]" and "[[sign-on and sign-off|sign-off]]" of radio broadcasting and television stations in the country; and before the initial and last screening of films and before the opening of theatre performances. |
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The national anthem is played each morning early breakfast on [[radio]] and [[television]] by [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] and at the [[sign-on]] and [[sign-off]] (replay rerun recorded sign-on) of its transmission for the day. |
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The Code also specifies the penalties for any entity which violates its provisions. A government official or employee who fails to observe the Flag Code may face administrative sanctions in addition to the penalties imposed by law. |
The Code also specifies the penalties for any entity which violates its provisions. A government official or employee who fails to observe the Flag Code may face administrative sanctions in addition to the penalties imposed by law. |
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[[Category:Asian anthems]] |
[[Category:Asian anthems]] |
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[[Category:National symbols of the Philippines]] |
[[Category:National symbols of the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:National anthem compositions in F major]] |
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[[Category:Philippine songs]] |
[[Category:Philippine songs]] |
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[[Category:National anthems]] |
[[Category:National anthems]] |
Revision as of 02:23, 27 December 2020
English: Chosen Land | |
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Music sheet of Lupang Hinirang | |
National anthem of the | |
Also known as | Marcha Nacional Filipina (Original title of the song composed by Julian Felipe) Filipinas (Original title of the poem written by Jose Palma) |
Lyrics | José Palma (original Spanish lyrics), 1899 |
Music | Julián Felipe, 1898 |
Adopted |
|
Audio sample | |
"Lupang Hinirang" (instrumental) |
"Lupang Hinirang" (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈlupaŋ hiˈniɾaŋ]; lit. '"Chosen Land"'; originally Marcha Nacional Filipina, the "Philippine National March") is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinas, written by José Palma in 1899. Originally written it did not have lyrics when it was adopted as the anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and subsequently played during the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.
Under American rule, the Flag Act of 1907 prohibited the public display of flags, banners, emblems, or devices used by revolutionaries in the Philippine–American War.[1] Under this law, the colonial government banned the song from being played.[2] The Flag Law was repealed in 1919. Under the Commonwealth, Commonwealth Act № 382, approved on September 5, 1938, officially adopted the musical arrangement and composition by Julián Felipe as the national anthem.
The Spanish lyrics were translated into Tagalog beginning in the 1940s, with the current Filipino version from 1956 undergoing a slight revision in the 1960s. Over the years, several English versions came into use. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act № 8491 codified the current Filipino lyrics into law.[1]
Etymology
Some English language sources erroneously translate Lupang Hinirang as "Beloved Land" or "Beloved Country";[3][4] the first term is actually a translation of the incipit of the original poem Filipinas (Tierra adorada), while "Beloved Country" is a translation of Bayang Magiliw, the current version's incipit and colloquial name. Some sources assert that an English version of anthem lyrics titled "The Philippine Hymn" was legalised by Commonwealth Act № 382.[5] That Act, however, only concerns itself with the instrumental composition by Julián Felipe.
History
"Lupang Hinirang" began as incidental music which President Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned for use in the proclamation of Philippine independence from Spain. This task was given to Julián Felipe and was to replace a march which Aguinaldo had deemed unsatisfactory. The original title of this new march was "Marcha Filipina-Magdalo" ("Philippine-Magdalo March"), and was later changed to "Marcha Nacional Filipina" ("Philippine National March") upon its adoption as the national anthem of the First Philippine Republic on June 11, 1898, a day before independence was to be proclaimed.
Felipe said that he had based his composition on three other musical pieces: the "Marcha Real", which is the current Spanish national anthem; the "Grand March" from Giuseppe Verdi's Aida; and the French national anthem, "La Marseillaise".[6] It was played by the Banda San Francisco de Malabon (now called the Banda Matanda, from present-day General Trias) during the proclamation rites on June 12.
In August 1899, the soldier and writer José Palma penned the Spanish poem Filipinas during his stay in Casa Hacienda in Bautista, Pangasinan. The poem was published for the first time for the first anniversary of the newspaper La Independencia on September 3, 1899, and was subsequently set to the tune of the "Marcha Nacional Filipina".[7][8]
Philippine law requires that the anthem always be rendered in accordance with Felipe's original musical arrangement and composition, but the original holograph cannot be located.[1][9] In the 1920s, the time signature was changed from 2/4 to 4/4 to facilitate its singing and the key was changed from the original C major to G.[9]
After the repeal of the Flag Act of 1907 (which banned the use of revolutionary and Katipunan symbols) in 1919, the Insular Government decided to translate the hymn from its original Spanish to English. The first translation was written around that time by the renowned poet Paz Marquez Benitez of the University of the Philippines. The most popular translation, called the "Philippine Hymn", was written by Senator Camilo Osías and an American, Mary A. Lane.
Tagalog translations began appearing in the 1940s, with the first known one titled Diwa ng Bayan ("Spirit of the Country"), which was sung during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. The second most popular one was O Sintang Lupa ("O Beloved Land") by Julián Cruz Balmaceda, Ildefonso Santos, and Francisco Caballo; this was adopted as the official version in 1948. Upon the adoption of Diwa ng Bayan, the song Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas and the Japanese national anthem Kimigayo were replaced.[10]
During the term of President Ramon Magsaysay, Education Secretary Gregorio Hernández formed a commission to revise the lyrics. On May 26, 1956, the Pilipino translation "Lupang Hinirang" was sung for the first time. Minor revisions were made in the 1960s, and it is this version by Felipe Padilla de León which is presently used.
The Martial Law years from 1972–1981 during the second term of Ferdinand Marcos up to the 1986 EDSA Revolution saw the use of the National Anthem as the opening protest song of some political and union groups, accompanied by the use of the "raised clenched fist" salute instead of the traditional hand-to-heart salute.
The Filipino[a] lyrics have been confirmed by Republic Act No. 8491 (the "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines") in 1998, abandoning use of both the Spanish and English versions.[1]
Historian Ambeth Ocampo observed that the Spanish lyrics, which were not intended to be sung when composed, do not flow with the music very well compared to later English and Filipino versions which are smoother. Also, some of the original meanings in Filipinas have been lost in translation; for example, the original Hija del sol de oriente (literally, "Daughter of the Orient (Eastern) Sun") became "Child of the sun returning" in the Philippine Hymn and Perlas ng Silanganan ("Pearl of the Orient") in the present official Tagalog version.[11]
Other anthems
"Lupang Hinirang" was not the first Filipino national anthem to be conceived. The composer and revolutionist Julio Nakpil penned Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan (Honourable Hymn of the Katagalugan), which was later called Salve Patria ("Hail, Fatherland"). It was originally intended to be the official anthem of the Katipunan, the secret society that spearheaded the Revolution. It is considered a national anthem because Andrés Bonifacio, the chief founder and Supremo of the Katipunan, converted the organization into a revolutionary government—with himself as President—known as the Republika ng Katagalugan (Tagalog Republic) just before hostilities erupted.[12] The arrangement was by Julio Nakpil, who reconstructed it from memory after the original score was destroyed in 1945 during the battle for Manila. It would later be reworked and incorporated in the orchestral piece, Salve, Filipinas.
The Katipunan or Republika ng Katagalugan was superseded by Aguinaldo's Republica Filipina. The anthem, later renamed Himno Nacional, was never adopted by Aguinaldo for unspecified reasons. The term "Katagalugan" in the anthem referred the Philippine Islands as a whole and not just Tagalophone Filipinos.
The translation of "Lupang Hinirang" was used by Felipe Padilla de Leon as his inspiration for Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas, commissioned as a replacement anthem by the Japanese-controlled Second Philippine Republic during World War II, and later adapted during the martial law era under President Ferdinand Marcos under the patriotic anthem entitled as Bagong Pagsilang.
Lyrics
Ang pambansang awit ng mga GMA Network Fantards: Lupang Kanguso |
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Bayang Kanguso, |
Misheard lyrics
"Lupang Hinirang" is often taught in schools only during the first year of each educational division (e.g., Grade 1 (in elementary) and Grade 7 (in high school). As time passes, however, students may forget the original lyrics, and replace some words with similar-sounding ones. The most common is the replacement of the word niya (third person possessive; "her/his/its") in "Ang bituin at araw niya" ("its stars and sun") with either nang ("so", "in this manner", "that is") or niya't (contracted "and" with "hers/his").
Other common errors include substitution of na ("when") in "Aming ligaya na 'pag may mang-aapi" ("'Tis our joy when there be oppressor") with "ng" ("of"); "alab" ("flame", "passion") in "Alab ng puso" ("Burning of the heart") with "alam" ("know", "knowledge"); and "mong" (contraction of mo and ng, meaning "yours that is") in "Sa langit mong bughaw" ("in the heavens of yours which is blue") with "mo'y" ("yours is").
Proposed lyrical revision
The final line of the national anthem, Ang mamatay nang dahil sa 'yo (For us thy sons to suffer and die), is subject to certain proposed revisions for being defeatist. in 2013, Filipino musician Joey Ayala, tampered with the national anthem in a forum by changing the last line to ang magmahal ng dahil sa 'yo (to love for the country) and arranged the time signature from 4/4 to 6/8.[13] Senate President Vicente Sotto III suggested that last line should be revised to Ang ipaglaban ang kalayaan mo (To defend thy freedom) as it reflects the commitment of the Filipinos to defend the country's independence.[14]
Music and tempo
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R.A. 8491 specifies that "Lupang Hinirang" when performed "shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julián Felipe."[9] However, when literally followed, this means that the national anthem should only be performed by a pianist or by a brass band, as these were the only versions that were produced by Julián Felipe.[9] Moreover, the original version was composed in duple time (i.e., in a time signature of 2/4) as compared to the present quadruple time (4/4). It cannot be sung according to the original score, because the music would be so fast that singers would be unable keep pace.[9]
During televised boxing matches featuring Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao, singers have been both praised and criticized by the National Historical Institute (NHI) for singing too slow or too fast.[15] The NHI says that the proper tempo is a 2/4 and 100 metronomes and that the anthem should last 53 seconds.[15]
Usage and regulation
Article XVI, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution specifies that "The Congress may, by law, adopt a new name for the country, a national anthem, or a national seal, which shall be truly reflective and symbolic of the ideals, history, and traditions of the people. Such law shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a national referendum."[16]
Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines
Republic Act № 8491 ("The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines") regulates usage of the National Anthem, and contains the complete lyrics of "Lupang Hinirang".[1] Enacted in 1998, it states that "Lupang Hinirang" when performed "shall always be sung in the national language" regardless if performed inside or outside the Philippines, and specifies that the singing must be done "with fervor".[1]
The Anthem is usually played during public gatherings in the Philippines or in foreign countries where the Filipino audience is sizable. The Code also provides that it be played at other occasions as may be allowed by the National Historical Institute (now known as the National Historical Commission of the Philippines). It prohibits its playing or singing for mere recreation, amusement, or entertainment except during International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative; local competitions; during the "sign-on" and "sign-off" of radio broadcasting and television stations in the country; and before the initial and last screening of films and before the opening of theatre performances.
The Code also specifies the penalties for any entity which violates its provisions. A government official or employee who fails to observe the Flag Code may face administrative sanctions in addition to the penalties imposed by law.
See also
- Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan
- Flag of the Philippines
- Oath of Allegiance (Philippines)
- Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag
Notes
- ^ Spelled with an F since 1973, affirmed in 1987 – see respective Constitutions
References
- ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference
ra8491
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Pomeroy, William J. (1992). The Philippines: Colonialism, Collaboration, and Resistance. International Publishers Co. p. 10. ISBN 0-7178-0692-8. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
Philippines flag law.
; excerpted quote: "In 1909 an entire band was sent to prison for playing the Philippine National Anthem at a festival in Quiapo, Manila.", citing Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (2005). "The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan". Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Colleen A. Sexton (2006). Philippines in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-8225-2677-3.
- ^ Marshall Cavendish Corporation (September 2007). World and Its Peoples: Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Brunei. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1242. ISBN 978-0-7614-7642-9.
- ^ "Philippines". nationalanthems.info. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
- ^ "The National Anthem's predecessor and influences". Malacañang Palace. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
- ^ The original text, as published in Barcelona, Spain in 1912: Palma, José (1912). Melancólicas: Coleccion de Poesías. Manila, Philippines: Liberería Manila Filatélica. (Digital copy found online at HathiTrust Digital Library on March 31, 2010)
- ^ Contemporary restatements of and comments about the original text:
^ "The Making of Filipinas". The Philippines Centennial. msc.edu.ph. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
^ "The Philippine National Anthem". Filipinas Heritage Library. filipinaslibrary.org.ph. Archived from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2010. - ^ a b c d e Ocampo, Ambeth R. (May 24, 2005). "The right way to sing the National Anthem". Philippines Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 26, 2005. (archived from the original on May 26, 2005)
- ^ Cribb, Robert; Narangoa Li (July 22, 2003). Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945. Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 0-7007-1482-0.
- ^ Ocampo, Ambeth R. (1995). Mabini's Ghost. Pasig City, Philippines: Anvil Publishing.
- ^ Guerrero, Milagros C. "Andres Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution". National Commission for culture and the Arts (NCCA). Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
- ^ Joey Ayala's version of 'Lupang Hinirang'
- ^ Sotto wants Philippine national anthem revised
- ^ a b ABELLA and SOPHIA DEDACE, Jerri (March 14, 2010). "Arnel Pineda's version of RP anthem criticized". GMA News. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
- ^ "1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". RP Government. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
External links
- Various versions of the Philippine National Anthem
- The Philippines: Lupang Hinirang – Audio of the national anthem of the Philippines, with information and lyrics
- Philippine studies – Historical notes: The Philippine National Anthem
- Philippine–American war – Arnaldo Dumindin
- ABS-CBN's Lupang Hinirang YouTube
- Nationalanthems