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{{short description|American poet}}
{{short description|American poet}}
{{Infobox writer
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}

{{Infobox writer <!--For more information, see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]].-->
| name = Linda Hogan
| name = Linda Hogan

| honorific_prefix =
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| image = Linda_hogan_chickasaw.jpg
| image = Linda_hogan_chickasaw.jpg
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| caption = Hogan in 2007
| caption = Hogan in 2007
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|07|16}} <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --><ref name="L_Hogan">[http://nativeamericanlit.com/files/Linda_Hogan.pdf "Linda Hogan." Native American Literature.] Accessed October 28, 2016</ref>
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| birth_place = [[Denver]], [[Colorado]], U.S.<ref name="L_Hogan"/>
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|07|16}} <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --><ref name="L_Hogan"/>
| birth_place = [[Denver, Colorado]], U.S.<ref name="L_Hogan"/>
| death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| death_place =
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| occupation = Author, professor<ref name="L_Hogan"/>
| occupation = Author, professor<ref name="L_Hogan"/>
| education = [[University of Colorado, Colorado Springs]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Colorado, Boulder]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| language =
| nationality = American
| genre = Poetry
| citizenship =
| children = 2
| education =
| alma_mater = University of Colorado
| period =
| genre = Poetry
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| years_active = 1978–present
| years_active = 1978–present
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| website = {{URL|www.lindahoganwriter.com|LindaHoganWriter.com}}
| website = {{URL|www.lindahoganwriter.com|LindaHoganWriter.com}}
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'''Linda K. Hogan''' (née '''Henderson,''' born July 16, 1947) is an American [[poet]], [[storytelling|storyteller]], [[academic]], [[playwright]], [[novelist]], [[environmentalist]] and writer of [[short stories]].<ref name="McClinton-Temple">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_HeSvlkGFl4C&dq=Linda+Hogan+%28writer%29&pg=PA167| title=Encyclopedia of American Indian literature|author=Jennifer McClinton-Temple |author2=Alan R. Velie | publisher=Infobase Publishing| year= 2007| isbn=978-0-8160-5656-9 }}, p. 167.</ref>

She previously served as the [[Chickasaw Nation]]'s writer in residence.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120710114943/http://www.chickasaw.net/docs/Womens_Conference_April_16.pdf "Dynamic Women of the Chickasaw Nation."] ''Chickasaw Nation.'' 16 April 2009 (retrieved 17 Dec 2009)</ref> Hogan is a recipient of the [[Lannan Literary Awards#Lannan Literary Award for Poetry|Lannan Literary Award for Poetry]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://lannan.org/bios/linda-hogan | title=Linda Hogan }}</ref>
'''Linda K. Hogan''' (born July 16, 1947) is a [[poet]], [[storytelling|storyteller]], [[academic]], [[playwright]], [[novelist]], [[environmentalist]] and writer of [[short stories]].<ref name="McClinton-Temple">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_HeSvlkGFl4C&dq=Linda+Hogan+%28writer%29&pg=PA167| title=Encyclopedia of American Indian literature| authors=Jennifer McClinton-Temple, Alan R. Velie| publisher=Infobase Publishing| year= 2007| isbn=978-0-8160-5656-9 }}, p. 167.</ref>
She is currently the [[Chickasaw Nation]]'s Writer in Residence.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120710114943/http://www.chickasaw.net/docs/Womens_Conference_April_16.pdf "Dynamic Women of the Chickasaw Nation."] ''Chickasaw Nation.'' 16 April 2009 (retrieved 17 Dec 2009)</ref> Hogan is a recipient of the [[Lannan Literary Awards#Lannan Literary Award for Poetry|Lannan Literary Award for Poetry]].
She lives in [[Tishomingo, Oklahoma]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Linda Hogan is [[Americans|American]], born July 16, 1947 in Denver, Colorado. Her father, Charles C. Henderson, is a Chickasaw from a recognized historical family.<ref name="L_Hogan">[http://nativeamericanlit.com/files/Linda_Hogan.pdf "Linda Hogan." Native American Literature.] Accessed October 28, 2016</ref> Her mother, Cleona Florine (Bower) Henderson was of white descent.<ref name="McClinton-Temple"/> Linda's uncle, Wesley Henderson, helped form the White Buffalo Council in Denver during the 1950s, to help other Native American people coming to the city because of [[Indian Relocation Act of 1956|The Relocation Act]], which forcibly removed Indigenous peoples for work and other opportunities. He had a strong influence on her and she grew up relating strongly to both her Chickasaw family in Native American Territory (Oklahoma) and to a mixed Native American community in the Denver area. At other times, her family traveled because of her father's career in the U.S. military. Her family lived in Germany for three years. She descended from a family of storytellers who helped shape her writing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Hogan|url=http://nativeamericanlit.com/files/Linda_Hogan.pdf|website=Writers of the Native American Renaissance|publisher=Native American Lit|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref>
Linda Hogan was born July 16, 1947, in Denver, Colorado. <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Grove |first1=Shari |title=American Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present |last2=Deroche |first2=Celeste |publisher=Gale |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-55862-429-0 |editor-last=Benbow-Pfalzgraf |editor-first=Taryn |edition=2nd |volume=2 |location=Detroit, MI |pages=219}}</ref> Her father, Charles C. Henderson, is a Chickasaw from a recognized historical family.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 20, 2002 |title=Obituaries - CHARLES COLBERT HENDERSON |work=The Gazette (Colorado Springs, CO) |pages=METRO4}}</ref> Her mother, Cleona Florine (Bower) Henderson was of white descent.<ref name="McClinton-Temple"/> Linda's uncle, Wesley Henderson, helped form the White Buffalo Council in Denver during the 1950s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Hogan |url=https://www.brinkerhoffpoetry.org/poets/linda-hogan |access-date=April 19, 2024 |website=Adrian Brinkerhoff Poetry Foundation}}</ref> to help other Native American people coming to the city because of [[Indian Relocation Act of 1956|The Relocation Act]], which forcibly removed Indigenous peoples for work and other opportunities.


==Career==
==Career==
Hogan earned a Master of Arts (M. A.) degree from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1978.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.colorado.edu/english/2018/07/27/linda-hogan-author-ma-1978 | title=Linda Hogan, Author (MA 1978) | date=27 July 2018 }}</ref> She was a full professor of Creative Writing at the [[University of Colorado]] and then taught for two years in the university's Ethnic Studies Department.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.colorado.edu/english/linda-hogan | title=Linda Hogan | date=5 July 2018 }}</ref> She has been a speaker at the United Nations Forum {{Citation needed|reason=more info req|date=October 2023}} and was a plenary speaker at the Environmental Literature Conference in Turkey in 2009. {{Citation needed|reason=cannot cite author bio as evidence|date=October 2023}} Her most recent teaching has been as Writer in Residence for The Chickasaw Nation for six years,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Hogan |url=https://chickasawpress.com/Authors/Linda-Hogan.aspx |access-date=April 19, 2024 |website=Chickasaw Press}}</ref> and a faculty position at the Indian Arts Institute in Santa Fe. {{Citation needed|reason=more info needed|date=October 2023}}
Hogan earned a Master of Arts (M. A.) degree from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1978 at the Colorado Springs campus. She then briefly moved to Maryland with her husband and later moved back to Colorado where she went to school in Boulder.<ref name="Interview With Linda Hogan"/> Her first university teaching position was at [[Colorado College]] in 1980–1984, the next was in American Indian Studies and American Studies at the [[University of Minnesota]] in Minneapolis (1982-1984).<ref name="L_Hogan"/> Hogan started writing in her late twenties after working with orthopedically handicapped children. During her lunch hours, she would read [[Kenneth Rexroth]]'s work, which gave her the confidence to start writing publicly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Hogan|url=http://nativeamericanlit.com/files/Linda_Hogan.pdf|website=Writers of the Native American Renaissance|publisher=Native American Lit|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> She kept a journal that she wrote in religiously. As she began to write essays and fiction, she realized that the energy she put into writing in a journal, had a new outlet. As she journaled, she also discovered that she was writing about the beauty of nature every morning and she believed she could do more for nature in less private writing settings<ref name="Interview With Linda Hogan"/> After writing her first book, ''Calling Myself Home'', she continued to write poetry. Her work has both a historical and political focus, but is lyrical. Hogan's lyrical work is considered to have a voice of literary activism and in it is Native spirituality and indigenous knowledge systems of all genres<ref name="Linda Hogan">{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=Linda|title=Linda Hogan|url=http://www.lindahoganwriter.com/index.htm|website=Linda Hogan Writer|publisher=lindahoganwriter.com|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> She considers her work politically centered because it is about a world view that cannot be separated from the political.<ref name="Interview With Linda Hogan"/> Her most recent books are ''The Book of Medicines'' (1993) and ''Rounding the Human Corners.'' (2008) and a book of new and selected poetry containing work from the 1970s until 2014. Published in 2015, Hogan also has worked with Brenda Peterson in writing, Sightings, the Mysterious Journey of the Gray Whale for National Geographic books. She also wrote the script for the PBS documentary, Everything Has a Spirit, regarding Native American religious freedom.<ref name="Linda Hogan"/>


Hogan has worked across various genres, such as poetry, novel-length fiction, short fiction, and nature essays. She has also written nonfiction essays for environmental organizations like The Nature Conservancy and the Sierra Club.<ref>{{Cite book |title=From the center of tradition: critical perspectives on Linda Hogan |date=2003 |publisher=Univ. Press of Colorado |isbn=978-0-87081-737-3 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Barbara J. |location=Boulder, Colo|pages=2}}</ref> In 2015, Hogan worked with Brenda Peterson on, Sightings, the Mysterious Journey of the Gray Whale for ''National Geographic'' books. She also wrote the script for the PBS documentary, Everything Has a Spirit, regarding Native American religious freedom.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything has a spirit |url=https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/961359422 |access-date=April 19, 2024 |website=WorldCat}}</ref>
She is also a novelist and essayist. Her work centers on the world of native peoples, the environment, and from her own indigenous perspective. She is currently known by students of ecological literature and eco-poetics. She was a full professor of Creative Writing at the [[University of Colorado]] and then taught for two years in the University's Ethnic Studies Department. She has been a speaker at the United Nations Forum and was a plenary speaker at the Environmental Literature Conference in Turkey in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Foundation|first=Poetry|date=2021-11-11|title=Linda Hogan|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/linda-hogan|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Poetry Foundation|language=en}}</ref> Her most recent teaching has been as Writer in Residence for The Chickasaw Nation for six years, and a faculty position at the Indian Arts Institute in Santa Fe.

Hogan writes in a variety of different genres, including fiction, nonfiction, essays, and poetry. Her concentration is on environmental themes as well Southeastern tribal histories and indigenous spirits and culture.<ref name="Linda Hogan"/> Hogan's work is distinguished by its equal attention to historical research and creative narration. For example, in her long-form poem ''Indios,'' published in 2012, Hogan combines Greek and Indigenous mythology to highlight the universal struggles of motherhood.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24372836|jstor = 24372836|last1 = Biswas|first1 = Sravani|title = Reviewed work: Indios, Linda Hogan|journal = Rocky Mountain Review|year = 2014|volume = 68|issue = 2|pages = 229–232|doi = 10.1353/rmr.2014.0040|s2cid = 160715605}}</ref> In her second novel, ''Power,'' Hogan draws inspiration from the 1987 court case ''United States v. Billie'', which challenged Native American political and religious sovereignty.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/15/us/killing-of-a-panther-indian-treaty-rights-vs-law-on-wildlife.html|title = Killing of a Panther: Indian Treaty Rights Vs. Law on Wildlife|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 15 April 1987|last1 = Shabecoff|first1 = Philip}}</ref><ref>https://www.lindahoganwriter.com/</ref> A finalist for the International Impact Award in Ireland, Hogan's Power juxtaposes the epistemologies of Western modernity and traditional Indigenous cultures. One key way she implements contrast between the two cultures is through power itself. In western society, it is seen that whoever has a higher title, is older, etc will have more power over those in lower positions or who are younger. This is contrasted in the Indigenous cultures by Hogan introducing "Oni", the wind. Throughout the novel, the reader learns that Oni gives life to everything. Everything works off the same power, so they are all one. Everything is seen as equal power because all of the power comes from one thing, Oni. Power in western culture is materialistic unlike in the Indigenous cultures. Her use of this point of view showcases her heritage and belief in nature. She strives to balance the perception of male and female power in Native American culture that was disrupted by the effects of the early Christian White Americans.<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Hogan|url=http://nativeamericanlit.com/files/Linda_Hogan.pdf|website=Writers of the Native American Renaissance|publisher=Native American Lit|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> Hogan captures the intersectionality of modern generations with indigenous heritage and social equity within modern institutions. In ''Power'', Omishto, the protagonist and narrator, grapples with listening to Taiga relatives or legends, a fictitious tribe invented by the author, and academic or modern institutions. The novel brings up important points about humanity and the role they are intended to play within nature and tradition. Oshmito is just a young girl when she is introduced to the reader, growing up as a native in an emergent and westernizing world. It seems that this character is an embodiment of Linda Hogan herself. Oshmito is wrestling with her identity with the Taiga tribe, personified through her Aunt Ama, and the modern American life, exemplified through her mother, father, and sister. The degradation of the reverence towards the Taiga people and their customs is bound to the life of Ama and when even she betrays the tribe through taking the life of a panther, her animal ally and their hallowed ancestor, all seems lost to Oshmito. This contrast of Aunt Ama’s quintessence versus her actions signals to the reader that Hogan is attempting to complicate the idea that one is not wholly native or wholly westernized—the two are not mutually exclusive.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stein|first=R.|date=1999-01-01|title=Power|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/6.1.170|journal=Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment|volume=6|issue=1|pages=170|doi=10.1093/isle/6.1.170|issn=1076-0962}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hogan|first=Linda|title=Power|year=1999|isbn=0-393-31968-7|location=New York|pages=58}}</ref> The novel also delivers an excellent portrayal of the American justice system that is sure to make the reader question some of their own values and ideas of what "justice" is. The two separate trials held within the story (the tribal council and the court hearing) both offer different perspectives on justice and have differing methods of reaching it. While Ama is essentially being tried for the same crime by each party, the severity of her actions vary drastically between the two different persecuting groups. The eventual verdicts reached by each party gives the reader insight into two different legal systems that have quite different ways of operating.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hogan |first1=Linda |title=Power |date=1999 |publisher=Norton}}</ref>

Her work, whether fiction or non-fiction, expresses an indigenous understanding of the world. She has written essays and poems on a variety of subjects, both fictional and nonfictional, biographical and from research. Hogan has also written historical novels. Her work studies the historical wrongs done to Native Americans and the American environment since the European colonization of North America.

Hogan was a professor at the [[University of Colorado at Boulder]] and the [[University of Oklahoma]]. Hogan is the second minority woman to become a full professor at the University of Colorado.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=Linda|title=Linda Hogan Biography|url=http://www.lindahoganwriter.com/index.htm|website=Linda Hogan Writer|publisher=lindahoganwriter.com|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> She is the (inaugural) Writer-in-Residence for the [[Chickasaw]] Nation in [[Oklahoma]].
In October 2011, she instructed a writing workshop through the Abiquiu Workshops in [[Abiquiú, New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abiquiuworkshops.com/schedule/dwellings-in-the-heart/ |title=Dwellings: Landscapes Of The Heart / Creative Writing From Nature |publisher=Abiquiu Workshops |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920230537/http://abiquiuworkshops.com/schedule/dwellings-in-the-heart/ |archive-date=September 20, 2011 }}</ref> She currently teaches one class a year in the graduate writing program at the University of Colorado as she keeps up with her schedule from her other work. Supporting solely herself and her home, Hogan keeps very busy but rarely works full-time because otherwise, she would not be able to write.<ref name="Interview With Linda Hogan"/>

She has now returned to her Chickasaw homeland in Oklahoma, where she lives in [[Tishomingo, Oklahoma|Tishomingo]].<ref>[http://centerwest.org/archives/990 Berry, Carol. "A Chickasaw Writer Returns to her Heartland."Center of the American West. University of Colorado. October 26, 2008.] Accessed October 28, 2016.</ref> with her family. Hogan feels as though she owes the future to her children and grandchildren. She says that her home is a place for her grandchildren particularly because they are given the opportunity to explore nature. Along with this, she believes that tradition and language are extremely important, especially in Native American culture, which is why her family is so important to her. Her work is completely dedicated to her children.<ref name="Interview With Linda Hogan"/>

She strives to help other writers succeed, even offering to further their careers with her insight. She teaches Creative Writing workshops, and will, on occasion, take a private client under her wing, helping them to edit, write, or complete their works.<ref name="Linda Hogan Biography">{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=Linda|title=Linda Hogan Biography|url=http://www.lindahoganwriter.com/index.htm|website=Linda Hogan Writer|publisher=lindahoganwriter.com|access-date=2020-11-08}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Hogan married Pat Hogan and has two children. {{Citation needed|reason=dead link no other sources avail|date=October 2023}}
Along with being an author, Hogan is also an environmentalist who spent eight years volunteering at a wildlife rehabilitation center. Two out of those eight years were spent at veterinarian school and the other six were spent at Birds of Prey Rehabilitation Center in Colorado. The work was very physical so Hogan reached a point where she was no longer able to handle it. Now, she does good for animals by talking and writing about them<ref name="Interview With Linda Hogan">{{cite web|last1=Murray|first1=John|title=Interview With Linda Hogan|url=http://www.terrain.org/1999/interviews/linda-hogan/|website=Terrain.org A Journal of the Built and Natural Environments|date=22 September 1999|publisher=terrain.org|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> Hogan married Pat Hogan and had children, Sandra Dawn Protector and Tanya Thunder Horse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Hogan|url=http://nativeamericanlit.com/files/Linda_Hogan.pdf|website=Writers of the Native American Renaissance|publisher=Native American Lit|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref>


==Awards and recognition==
==Awards and recognition==
*Five Civilized Tribes Play Writing Award, 1980
*2016 Throreau Prize from PEN<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=Linda|title=Linda Hogan|url=http://www.lindahoganwriter.com/index.htm|website=Linda Hogan Writer|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref>
*Stand magazine Fiction Award, 1983
*Native Arts and Cultures Foundation 2015 National Artist Fellowship<ref name="NACF">[http://www.nativeartsandcultures.org/linda-hogan "Linda Hogan". Native Arts and Cultures Foundation.] Accessed October 28, 2016</ref>
*[[American Book Award]], [[Before Columbus Foundation]], 1986
*Mountains and Plains Booksellers Spirit of the West Literary Achievement Award, 2007
*Finalist, [[Pulitzer Prize]] for Literature, 1991
*Inducted into the Chickasaw Hall of Fame in 2007<ref>[http://www.chickasaw.net/hof/inductees/linda-henderson-hogan.htm Chickasaw Hall of Fame] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202222100/http://www.chickasaw.net/hof/inductees/linda-henderson-hogan.htm |date=2012-12-02 }}<sup>dead link October 28, 2016</sup></ref>
*[[Guggenheim Fellow]], 1991<ref>{{cite web |title=Linda K. Hogan - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/6728-linda-k-hogan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728073732/http://www.gf.org/fellows/6728-linda-k-hogan |archive-date=2012-07-28 |access-date=2011-07-03}}</ref>
*Oklahoma Book Award for Fiction for ''Mean Spirit'', 1991
*Finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for ''The Book of Medicines,'' 1993<ref name="Linda Hogan Biography">{{cite web |last1=Hogan |first1=Linda |title=Linda Hogan Biography |url=http://www.lindahoganwriter.com/index.htm |access-date=2020-11-08 |website=Linda Hogan Writer |publisher=lindahoganwriter.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1993 |url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/1993/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=National Book Critics Circle |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Colorado Book Award for ''The Book of Medicines'', 1993
*Lannan Award for Outstanding Achievement in Poetry, 1994
*Colorado Book Award for ''Solar Storms'', 1996
*Lifetime Achievement Award, [[Native Writers' Circle of the Americas]], 1998
*Writer of the Year (Creative Prose), Wordcraft Circle Award, 2002
*Writer of the Year (Creative Prose), Wordcraft Circle Award, 2002
*Inducted into the [https://hof.chickasaw.net/ Chickasaw Hall of Fame], 2007<ref>[http://www.chickasaw.net/hof/inductees/linda-henderson-hogan.htm Chickasaw Hall of Fame] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202222100/http://www.chickasaw.net/hof/inductees/linda-henderson-hogan.htm|date=2012-12-02}}<sup>dead link October 28, 2016</sup></ref>
*Lifetime Achievement Award, [[Native Writers' Circle of the Americas]], 1998
*Native Arts and Cultures Foundation National Artist Fellowship, 2015<ref name="NACF">[http://www.nativeartsandcultures.org/linda-hogan "Linda Hogan". Native Arts and Cultures Foundation.] Accessed October 28, 2016</ref>
*Colorado Book Award, 1996
*Thoreau Prize from PEN, 2016<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=Linda|title=Linda Hogan|url=http://www.lindahoganwriter.com/index.htm|website=Linda Hogan Writer|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref>
*Colorado Book Award
**''Solar Storms'' (1996)
**''The Book of Medicines'' (1993)
*Lannan Award, 1994, for Outstanding Achievement in Poetry
*Oklahoma Book Award for Fiction, 1991 (''Mean Spirit'')
*[[Guggenheim Fellow]], 1991<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/6728-linda-k-hogan |title=Linda K. Hogan - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |access-date=2011-07-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728073732/http://www.gf.org/fellows/6728-linda-k-hogan |archive-date=2012-07-28 }}</ref>
*Finalist, [[Pulitzer Prize]] for Literature, 1991.
*[[American Book Award]], [[Before Columbus Foundation]], 1986
*Stand magazine Fiction Award, 1983
*Five Civilized Tribes Play Writing Award, 1980
*Finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for ''The Book of Medicines''<ref name="Linda Hogan Biography"/>


==Bibliography==
==Published works==

* ''Dark, Sweet: New and Selected Poems'', Coffee House Press, 2014
* ''Calling Myself Home'', Greenfield Review Press, 1978
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120809085759/http://www.wingspress.com/book.cfm/134/Indios/Linda-Hogan/ ''Indios''], poems, Wings Press 2012
* ''A Piece of Moon'', 1981
* ''The Inner Journey: Views from Native Traditions'' (ed.) Morning Light Press, 2009, {{ISBN|978-1-59675-026-5}}
* ''Daughters, I Love You'', Research Center on Women, 1981
* ''Eclipse'', American Indian Studies Center, University of California, 1983, {{ISBN|978-0-935626-18-6}}
* {{cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/seeingthroughsun00hoga| url-access=registration| quote=Linda Hogan.| title=Seeing Through the Sun| publisher=University of Massachusetts Press| year= 1985| isbn= 978-0-87023-472-9}}
* {{cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/savingspoems00hoga| url-access=registration| quote=Linda Hogan.| title=Savings: Poems| publisher=Coffee House Press| year= 1988| isbn= 978-0-918273-41-3}}
* ''[[Mean Spirit]]'', Atheneum, 1990, {{ISBN|978-0-689-12101-2}}
* ''Red Clay: Poems and Stories'', Greenfield Review Press, 1991, {{ISBN|978-0-912678-83-2}}
* ''The book of medicines: poems'', Coffee House Press, 1993, {{ISBN|978-1-56689-010-6}}
* {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rzF8-BTXSUC| title=Solar Storms|publisher=Scribner| year= 1995| isbn=978-0-684-81227-4}}; Simon and Schuster, 1997, {{ISBN|978-0-684-82539-7}}
* {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11ATwTKd4iEC| title=Dwellings: A Spiritual History of the Living World| publisher=W.W. Norton| year= 1995| isbn= 978-0-393-03784-5}}; Simon and Schuster, 1996, {{ISBN|978-0-684-83033-9}}
* {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVfdq4O8fb8C| title=Power| publisher=W. W. Norton & Company| year= 1998| isbn= 978-0-393-04636-6}}; W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-393-31968-2}}
* ''The Sweet Breathing of Plants: Women and the Green World'', 2000; North Point Press, 2001, {{ISBN|978-0-86547-559-5}}
* {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FJKz208KpIC| title=The Woman Who Watches Over the World: A Native Memoir| publisher=W.W. Norton| year= 2001| isbn=978-0-393-05018-9}}; W. W. Norton & Company, 2002, {{ISBN|978-0-393-32305-4}}
* ''Rounding the Human Corners: Poems'', Coffee House Press, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-56689-210-0}}
* ''Rounding the Human Corners: Poems'', Coffee House Press, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-56689-210-0}}
* ''[[People of the Whale]]'': A Novel; W. W. Norton & Company, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-393-33534-7}}
* ''[[People of the Whale]]'': A Novel; W. W. Norton & Company, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-393-33534-7}}
* ''The Inner Journey: Views from Native Traditions'' (ed.) Morning Light Press, 2009, {{ISBN|978-1-59675-026-5}}
* {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FJKz208KpIC| title=The Woman Who Watches Over the World: A Native Memoir| publisher=W.W. Norton| year= 2001| isbn=978-0-393-05018-9}}; W. W. Norton & Company, 2002, {{ISBN|978-0-393-32305-4}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120809085759/http://www.wingspress.com/book.cfm/134/Indios/Linda-Hogan/ ''Indios''], poems, Wings Press, 2012
* ''The Sweet Breathing of Plants: Women and the Green World'', 2000; North Point Press, 2001, {{ISBN|978-0-86547-559-5}}
* ''Dark, Sweet: New and Selected Poems'', Coffee House Press, 2014
* {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVfdq4O8fb8C| title=Power| publisher=W. W. Norton & Company| year= 1998| isbn= 978-0-393-04636-6}}; W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-393-31968-2}}
* {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11ATwTKd4iEC| title=Dwellings: A Spiritual History of the Living World| publisher=W.W. Norton| year= 1995| isbn= 978-0-393-03784-5}}; Simon and Schuster, 1996, {{ISBN|978-0-684-83033-9}}
*Hogan, Linda (1999). ''Power''. New York. p.&nbsp;58. {{ISBN|0-393-31968-7}}.
* {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rzF8-BTXSUC| title=Solar Storms|publisher=Scribner| year= 1995| isbn=978-0-684-81227-4}}; Simon and Schuster, 1997, {{ISBN|978-0-684-82539-7}}
* ''The book of medicines: poems'', Coffee House Press, 1993, {{ISBN|978-1-56689-010-6}}
* ''Red Clay: Poems and Stories'', Greenfield Review Press, 1991, {{ISBN|978-0-912678-83-2}}
* ''[[Mean Spirit]]'', Atheneum, 1990, {{ISBN|978-0-689-12101-2}}
* {{cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/savingspoems00hoga| url-access=registration| quote=Linda Hogan.| title=Savings: Poems| publisher=Coffee House Press| year= 1988| isbn= 978-0-918273-41-3}}
* {{cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/seeingthroughsun00hoga| url-access=registration| quote=Linda Hogan.| title=Seeing Through the Sun| publisher=University of Massachusetts Press| year= 1985| isbn= 978-0-87023-472-9}}
* ''Eclipse'', American Indian Studies Center, University of California, 1983, {{ISBN|978-0-935626-18-6}}
* ''Daughters, I Love You'', Research Center on Women, 1981
* ''A Piece of Moon'' (1981)
* ''Calling Myself Home'', Greenfield Review Press, 1978


===Criticism===
===Criticism===
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Linda Hogan}}
{{commons category|Linda Hogan}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/A40 Bibliography and links to other online resources]
*[http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/A40 Bibliography and links to other online resources]
*[http://www.unm.edu/~wrtgsw/hogan.html Page containing an audio clip of Hogan reading]
*[http://www.unm.edu/~wrtgsw/hogan.html Page containing an audio clip of Hogan reading]
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[[Category:20th-century Native American writers]]
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[[Category:Native American women novelists]]

Latest revision as of 14:21, 9 May 2024

Linda Hogan
Hogan in 2007
Hogan in 2007
Born (1947-07-16) July 16, 1947 (age 77) [1]
Denver, Colorado, U.S.[1]
OccupationAuthor, professor[1]
EducationUniversity of Colorado, Colorado Springs (BA)
University of Colorado, Boulder (MA)
GenrePoetry
Years active1978–present
Children2
Website
LindaHoganWriter.com

Linda K. Hogan (née Henderson, born July 16, 1947) is an American poet, storyteller, academic, playwright, novelist, environmentalist and writer of short stories.[2] She previously served as the Chickasaw Nation's writer in residence.[3] Hogan is a recipient of the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry.[4]

Early life

[edit]

Linda Hogan was born July 16, 1947, in Denver, Colorado. [5] Her father, Charles C. Henderson, is a Chickasaw from a recognized historical family.[6] Her mother, Cleona Florine (Bower) Henderson was of white descent.[2] Linda's uncle, Wesley Henderson, helped form the White Buffalo Council in Denver during the 1950s,[7] to help other Native American people coming to the city because of The Relocation Act, which forcibly removed Indigenous peoples for work and other opportunities.

Career

[edit]

Hogan earned a Master of Arts (M. A.) degree from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1978.[8] She was a full professor of Creative Writing at the University of Colorado and then taught for two years in the university's Ethnic Studies Department.[9] She has been a speaker at the United Nations Forum [citation needed] and was a plenary speaker at the Environmental Literature Conference in Turkey in 2009. [citation needed] Her most recent teaching has been as Writer in Residence for The Chickasaw Nation for six years,[10] and a faculty position at the Indian Arts Institute in Santa Fe. [citation needed]

Hogan has worked across various genres, such as poetry, novel-length fiction, short fiction, and nature essays. She has also written nonfiction essays for environmental organizations like The Nature Conservancy and the Sierra Club.[11] In 2015, Hogan worked with Brenda Peterson on, Sightings, the Mysterious Journey of the Gray Whale for National Geographic books. She also wrote the script for the PBS documentary, Everything Has a Spirit, regarding Native American religious freedom.[12]

Personal life

[edit]

Hogan married Pat Hogan and has two children. [citation needed]

Awards and recognition

[edit]
  • Five Civilized Tribes Play Writing Award, 1980
  • Stand magazine Fiction Award, 1983
  • American Book Award, Before Columbus Foundation, 1986
  • Finalist, Pulitzer Prize for Literature, 1991
  • Guggenheim Fellow, 1991[13]
  • Oklahoma Book Award for Fiction for Mean Spirit, 1991
  • Finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for The Book of Medicines, 1993[14][15]
  • Colorado Book Award for The Book of Medicines, 1993
  • Lannan Award for Outstanding Achievement in Poetry, 1994
  • Colorado Book Award for Solar Storms, 1996
  • Lifetime Achievement Award, Native Writers' Circle of the Americas, 1998
  • Writer of the Year (Creative Prose), Wordcraft Circle Award, 2002
  • Inducted into the Chickasaw Hall of Fame, 2007[16]
  • Native Arts and Cultures Foundation National Artist Fellowship, 2015[17]
  • Thoreau Prize from PEN, 2016[18]

Published works

[edit]
  • Calling Myself Home, Greenfield Review Press, 1978
  • A Piece of Moon, 1981
  • Daughters, I Love You, Research Center on Women, 1981
  • Eclipse, American Indian Studies Center, University of California, 1983, ISBN 978-0-935626-18-6
  • Seeing Through the Sun. University of Massachusetts Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-87023-472-9. Linda Hogan.
  • Savings: Poems. Coffee House Press. 1988. ISBN 978-0-918273-41-3. Linda Hogan.
  • Mean Spirit, Atheneum, 1990, ISBN 978-0-689-12101-2
  • Red Clay: Poems and Stories, Greenfield Review Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-912678-83-2
  • The book of medicines: poems, Coffee House Press, 1993, ISBN 978-1-56689-010-6
  • Solar Storms. Scribner. 1995. ISBN 978-0-684-81227-4.; Simon and Schuster, 1997, ISBN 978-0-684-82539-7
  • Dwellings: A Spiritual History of the Living World. W.W. Norton. 1995. ISBN 978-0-393-03784-5.; Simon and Schuster, 1996, ISBN 978-0-684-83033-9
  • Power. W. W. Norton & Company. 1998. ISBN 978-0-393-04636-6.; W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, ISBN 978-0-393-31968-2
  • The Sweet Breathing of Plants: Women and the Green World, 2000; North Point Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-86547-559-5
  • The Woman Who Watches Over the World: A Native Memoir. W.W. Norton. 2001. ISBN 978-0-393-05018-9.; W. W. Norton & Company, 2002, ISBN 978-0-393-32305-4
  • Rounding the Human Corners: Poems, Coffee House Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-56689-210-0
  • People of the Whale: A Novel; W. W. Norton & Company, 2009, ISBN 978-0-393-33534-7
  • The Inner Journey: Views from Native Traditions (ed.) Morning Light Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-59675-026-5
  • Indios, poems, Wings Press, 2012
  • Dark, Sweet: New and Selected Poems, Coffee House Press, 2014

Criticism

[edit]
  • Dennis, Helen M. Native American Literature: Towards a Spatialized Reading. London, Routledge 2006. pp. 61–85.

In Anthology

[edit]
  • Melissa Tuckey, ed. Ghost Fishing: An Eco-Justice Poetry Anthology. University of Georgia Press, 2018.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Linda Hogan." Native American Literature. Accessed October 28, 2016
  2. ^ a b Jennifer McClinton-Temple; Alan R. Velie (2007). Encyclopedia of American Indian literature. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8160-5656-9., p. 167.
  3. ^ "Dynamic Women of the Chickasaw Nation." Chickasaw Nation. 16 April 2009 (retrieved 17 Dec 2009)
  4. ^ "Linda Hogan".
  5. ^ Grove, Shari; Deroche, Celeste (2000). Benbow-Pfalzgraf, Taryn (ed.). American Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit, MI: Gale. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-55862-429-0.
  6. ^ "Obituaries - CHARLES COLBERT HENDERSON". The Gazette (Colorado Springs, CO). January 20, 2002. pp. METRO4.
  7. ^ "Linda Hogan". Adrian Brinkerhoff Poetry Foundation. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
  8. ^ "Linda Hogan, Author (MA 1978)". 27 July 2018.
  9. ^ "Linda Hogan". 5 July 2018.
  10. ^ "Linda Hogan". Chickasaw Press. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
  11. ^ Cook, Barbara J., ed. (2003). From the center of tradition: critical perspectives on Linda Hogan. Boulder, Colo: Univ. Press of Colorado. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-87081-737-3.
  12. ^ "Everything has a spirit". WorldCat. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
  13. ^ "Linda K. Hogan - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation". Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
  14. ^ Hogan, Linda. "Linda Hogan Biography". Linda Hogan Writer. lindahoganwriter.com. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
  15. ^ "1993". National Book Critics Circle. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  16. ^ Chickasaw Hall of Fame Archived 2012-12-02 at the Wayback Machinedead link October 28, 2016
  17. ^ "Linda Hogan". Native Arts and Cultures Foundation. Accessed October 28, 2016
  18. ^ Hogan, Linda. "Linda Hogan". Linda Hogan Writer. Retrieved 2016-11-25.
[edit]
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