List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex: Difference between revisions
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⚫ | [[Essex]] is a county in the east of England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/eurostat/east-of-england/index.html|title=East of England|publisher=Office for National Statistics| |
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⚫ | [[Essex]] is a county in the east of England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/eurostat/east-of-england/index.html|title=East of England|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=9 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113165155/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/eurostat/east-of-england/index.html|archive-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> In the early [[Anglo-Saxon]] period it was the [[Kingdom of Essex|Kingdom of the East Saxons]], but it gradually came under the control of more powerful kingdoms, and in the ninth century it became part of Wessex.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England|year=2014|edition=2nd|publisher=Wiley Blackwell|location=Chichester, UK|isbn=978-0-631-22492-1|title=Essex|first=B. A. E.|last=Yorke|editor1-first= Michael |editor1-last=Lapidge|editor2-first=John|editor2-last=Blair|editor3-first=Simon|editor3-last=Keynes|editor4-first=Donald|editor4-last=Scragg|pages=174–75}}</ref> The modern county is bounded by [[Suffolk]] and [[Cambridgeshire]] to the north, [[Hertfordshire]] to the west, [[Greater London]] to the south-west, [[Kent]] across the [[River Thames]] to the south, and the [[North Sea]] to the east.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishservices.co.uk/essex.htm|title=Essex|publisher=British Services|access-date=9 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507214456/http://www.britishservices.co.uk/essex.htm|archive-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> It has an area of {{convert|1,420 |mi2|km2}}, with a coastline of {{convert|400| mi|km}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/peel-assessments/peel-2015/essex/more-about-this-area/|title=Essex PEEL 2015: More about this area|publisher=Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary|access-date=18 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019131441/https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/peel-assessments/peel-2015/essex/more-about-this-area/|archive-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> and a population according to the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]] of 1,393,600.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.essexinsight.org.uk/Resource.aspx?ResourceID=369|title=2011 Census (first release) Summary - Essex, districts & unitary areas|publisher=Essex Insight|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref> At the top level of local government are [[Essex County Council]] and two [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authorities]], [[Southend-on-Sea City Council|Southend-on-Sea]] and [[Thurrock Council|Thurrock]]. Under the county council, there are twelve district and borough councils.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essex.gov.uk/Your-Council/Local-Government-Essex/Local%20Government%20Structure/Pages/Local%20Government%20Structure.aspx|title=Local government structure|publisher=Essex County Council|access-date=9 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823053843/http://www.essex.gov.uk/Your-Council/Local-Government-Essex/Local%20Government%20Structure/Pages/Local%20Government%20Structure.aspx|archive-date=23 August 2016}}</ref> |
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In England, [[Site of Special Scientific Interest|Sites of Special Scientific Interest]] (SSSIs) are designated by [[Natural England]], which is responsible for protecting England's natural environment. Designation as an SSSI gives legal protection to the most important wildlife and geological sites.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sites-of-special-scientific-interest-designation|publisher=Natural England|title= |
In England, [[Site of Special Scientific Interest|Sites of Special Scientific Interest]] (SSSIs) are designated by [[Natural England]], which is responsible for protecting England's natural environment. Designation as an SSSI gives legal protection to the most important wildlife and geological sites.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sites-of-special-scientific-interest-designation|publisher=Natural England|title=Sites of Special Scientific Interest: Designation|access-date=19 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306231551/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sites-of-special-scientific-interest-designation|archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref> As of August 2016, there are 86 sites designated in Essex.<ref name=essexlist>{{cite web|title=Designated Sites View: Essex|publisher=Natural England|url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteList.aspx?siteName=&countyCode=15&responsiblePerson=|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref> There are 19 sites with a purely geological interest, and 64 listed for biological interest. A further three sites are designated for both reasons. |
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The largest is [[Foulness SSSI|Foulness]], which is internationally important for wildfowl and waders, and has 71 nationally rare invertebrate species.<ref name=foulnesssssi/> The smallest is [[Holland-on-Sea Cliff]], a geological site which throws light on the course of the [[River Thames]] before it was diverted south by the [[Anglian glaciation]] around 450,000 years ago.<ref name=hollandsssi/> [[Hangman's Wood and Deneholes]] has [[denehole]]s, shafts created by medieval chalk mining which are now used by hibernating bats.<ref name=hangman/> [[Lion Pit]] is the site of [[flint-knapping]] by [[Neanderthal]]s around 200,000 years ago, and it has been possible to fit back together some of the flint flakes.<ref name=lion/> |
The largest is [[Foulness SSSI|Foulness]], which is internationally important for wildfowl and waders, and has 71 nationally rare invertebrate species.<ref name=foulnesssssi/> The smallest is [[Holland-on-Sea Cliff]], a geological site which throws light on the course of the [[River Thames]] before it was diverted south by the [[Anglian glaciation]] around 450,000 years ago.<ref name=hollandsssi/> [[Hangman's Wood and Deneholes]] has [[denehole]]s, shafts created by medieval chalk mining which are now used by hibernating bats.<ref name=hangman/> [[Lion Pit]] is the site of [[flint-knapping]] by [[Neanderthal]]s around 200,000 years ago, and it has been possible to fit back together some of the flint flakes.<ref name=lion/> |
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==Key== |
==Key== |
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*'''BSO''' = [[Bird Sanctuary Order]] |
*'''BSO''' = [[Bird Sanctuary Order]] |
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*'''Buglife''' = [[Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation Trust]] |
*'''Buglife''' = [[Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation Trust]] |
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*'''DVAONB''' = [[Dedham Vale]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]] |
*'''DVAONB''' = [[Dedham Vale National Landscape|Dedham Vale]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]] |
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*'''HMWT''' = [[Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust]] |
*'''HMWT''' = [[Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust]] |
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*'''LNR''' = [[Local Nature Reserve]] |
*'''LNR''' = [[Local Nature Reserve]] |
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*'''NCR''' = [[Nature Conservation Review]] |
*'''NCR''' = [[Nature Conservation Review|Nature Conservation Review site]] |
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*'''NNR''' = [[National Nature Reserve]] |
*'''NNR''' = [[National nature reserve (United Kingdom)|National Nature Reserve]] |
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*'''NT''' = [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] |
*'''NT''' = [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] |
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*'''Ramsar''' = [[Ramsar site]] |
*'''Ramsar''' = [[Ramsar site]] |
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*'''SPA''' = [[Special Protection Area]] |
*'''SPA''' = [[Special Protection Area]] |
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{{col-end}} |
{{col-end}} |
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==Sites== |
==Sites== |
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{{Compact |
{{Compact TOC|side=yes|j=|k=|o=|x=|y=|z=}} |
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{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |
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! scope="col" | Site name |
! scope="col" | Site name |
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! scope="col" | Location{{efn|name=details}} |
! scope="col" | Location{{efn|name=details}} |
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! scope="col" | Other classifications |
! scope="col" | Other classifications |
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! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Map{{efn| |
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Map{{efn|The maps are provided by Natural England on the ''Magic Map'' website.}} |
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! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Citation{{efn| |
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Citation{{efn|Citations are provided for each site by Natural England.}} |
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! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description |
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description |
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| [[Layer de la Haye]]<br/>{{coord| 51.825|0.862 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Abberton Reservoir }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL973179}} |
| [[Layer de la Haye]]<br/>{{coord| 51.825|0.862 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Abberton Reservoir }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL973179}} |
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|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/abberton-reservoir|title=Abberton Reservoir Visitor Centre|publisher |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/abberton-reservoir|title=Abberton Reservoir Visitor Centre|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=30 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017151527/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/abberton-reservoir|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=abberton>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001904.pdf |title=Abberton Reservoir citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=30 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225757/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001904.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-1389|title=Designated and Proposed Ramsar sites in the UK and Overseas Territories & Crown Dependencies|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120092526/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-1389|archive-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2013|title=Abberton Reservoir|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=6 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818055954/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2013|archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> |
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|{{Nature on the map|1001904}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001904}} |
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| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001904.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225757/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001904.pdf Citation] |
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|This site is of international significance for wintering [[wigeon]]s, and nationally important for twelve other waterfowl species, including [[mute swan]]s, [[gadwall]]s, [[tufted duck]]s, [[Goldeneye (duck)|goldeneyes]] and [[goosander]]s. It is also very unusual in having [[cormorant]]s nesting in trees.<ref name=abberton/> |
|This site is of international significance for wintering [[wigeon]]s, and nationally important for twelve other waterfowl species, including [[mute swan]]s, [[gadwall]]s, [[tufted duck]]s, [[Goldeneye (duck)|goldeneyes]] and [[goosander]]s. It is also very unusual in having [[cormorant]]s nesting in trees.<ref name=abberton/> |
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| [[Ardleigh]]<br/>{{coord| 51.914|0.986 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Ardleigh Gravel Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM055281 }} |
| [[Ardleigh]]<br/>{{coord| 51.914|0.986 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Ardleigh Gravel Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM055281 }} |
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|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2340|title= Ardleigh Gravel Pit (Martells Quarry) (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2340|title= Ardleigh Gravel Pit (Martells Quarry) (Quaternary of the Thames)|publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date= 8 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160602202430/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2340|archive-date= 2 June 2016}}</ref> |
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|{{Nature on the map|1001947}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001947}} |
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| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001947.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235017/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001947.pdf Citation] |
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|This site exposes a number of [[interglacial]]s, including one dated to the [[Hoxnian Stage]] around 400,000 years ago, and some much older. It also has a horizon with very rare plant micro-fossils dating to a cold period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001947.pdf |title=Ardleigh Gravel Pit citation|series= |
|This site exposes a number of [[interglacial]]s, including one dated to the [[Hoxnian Stage]] around 400,000 years ago, and some much older. It also has a horizon with very rare plant micro-fossils dating to a cold period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001947.pdf |title=Ardleigh Gravel Pit citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235017/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001947.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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! scope="row"|[[Ashdon Meadows]] |
! scope="row"|[[Ashdon Meadows]] |
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|{{Nature on the map|1001965}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001965}} |
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| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001965.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002618/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001965.pdf Citation] |
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|The site is unimproved grassland which is used for hay growing, with some areas [[calcareous]] and others neutral. It is the only known example of grassland on chalky boulder clay in north-west Essex. Flora includes [[salad burnet]], [[downy oat-grass]] and [[fen bedstraw]].<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|The site is unimproved grassland which is used for hay growing, with some areas [[calcareous]] and others neutral. It is the only known example of grassland on chalky boulder clay in north-west Essex. Flora includes [[salad burnet]], [[downy oat-grass]] and [[fen bedstraw]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001965.pdf |title=Ashdon Meadows citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=16 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002618/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001965.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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! scope="row"|{{Anchor|B}}[[Basildon Meadows]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|B}}[[Basildon Meadows]] |
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|{{Nature on the map|1002000}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002000}} |
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| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002000.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223441/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002000.pdf Citation] |
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|The site is composed of three unimproved meadows which have a wide variety of herbs. Flowers include the [[green-winged orchid]] and [[yellow rattle]], which are rare in Essex. There is also a small pond and scattered scrub.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|The site is composed of three unimproved meadows which have a wide variety of herbs. Flowers include the [[green-winged orchid]] and [[yellow rattle]], which are rare in Essex. There is also a small pond and scattered scrub.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002000.pdf |title=Basildon Meadows citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=29 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223441/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002000.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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! scope="row"|[[Belcher's and Broadfield Woods]] |
! scope="row"|[[Belcher's and Broadfield Woods]] |
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| [[Halstead]]<br/>{{coord| 51.909|0.630 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Belcher's and Broadfield Woods }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL810267 }} |
| [[Halstead]]<br/>{{coord| 51.909|0.630 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Belcher's and Broadfield Woods }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL810267 }} |
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|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/brookes-reserve |title= Brookes Nature Reserve |publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/brookes-reserve |title= Brookes Nature Reserve |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 15 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160604043411/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/brookes-reserve |archive-date= 4 June 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002013%27|title= Map of Belcher's and Broadfield Woods|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 15 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032358/http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002013%27|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|{{Nature on the map|1002013}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002013}} |
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| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002013.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002550/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002013.pdf Citation] |
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|The site is coppice woodland on chalky boulder clay. There is a variety of woodlands types, such as wet ash and maple, and acid birch, ash and lime. The ground flora includes species which are locally uncommon, including [[Platanthera chlorantha|greater butterfly-orchid]] and [[Neottia nidus-avis|bird's-nest orchid]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002013.pdf |title=Belcher's and Broadfield Woods citation|series= |
|The site is coppice woodland on chalky boulder clay. There is a variety of woodlands types, such as wet ash and maple, and acid birch, ash and lime. The ground flora includes species which are locally uncommon, including [[Platanthera chlorantha|greater butterfly-orchid]] and [[Neottia nidus-avis|bird's-nest orchid]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002013.pdf |title=Belcher's and Broadfield Woods citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=26 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002550/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002013.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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! scope="row"|[[Benfleet and Southend Marshes]] |
! scope="row"|[[Benfleet and Southend Marshes]] |
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| [[Southend-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.57|0.68 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Benfleet And Southend Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ859842}} |
| [[Southend-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.57|0.68 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Benfleet And Southend Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ859842}} |
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|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/two-tree-island|title=Two Tree Island|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/two-tree-island|title=Two Tree Island|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929112541/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/two-tree-island|archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref> [[Local nature reserve|LNR]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=15&N=&ID=545 |title=Southend on Sea Foreshore |series=Local Nature Reserves |publisher=Natural England |date=27 February 2013 |access-date=19 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119120748/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=15&N=&ID=545 |archive-date=19 November 2015 }}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=benfleet>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004414.pdf |title=Benfleet and Southend Marshes citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=19 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035845/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004414.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|NNR]],<ref name=benfleet/> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar/> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2014-theme=default|title=Benfleet and Southend Marshes|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=6 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043245/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2014-theme=default|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|{{Nature on the map|1004414}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004414}} |
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| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004414.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035845/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004414.pdf Citation] |
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|The marshes and mudflats have internationally important numbers of wildfowl and waders, including the [[dark-bellied brent goose]], [[grey plover]], [[Common redshank|redshank]] and [[Red knot|knot]]. Some areas are very important for scarce invertebrates, such as [[white-letter hairstreak]] and [[Melanargia galathea|marbled white]] butterflies.<ref name=benfleet/> |
|The marshes and mudflats have internationally important numbers of wildfowl and waders, including the [[dark-bellied brent goose]], [[grey plover]], [[Common redshank|redshank]] and [[Red knot|knot]]. Some areas are very important for scarce invertebrates, such as [[white-letter hairstreak]] and [[Melanargia galathea|marbled white]] butterflies.<ref name=benfleet/> |
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|YES |
|YES |
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| [[Maldon, Essex|Maldon]]<br/>{{coord| 51.74|0.81 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Blackwater Estuary }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL943084 }} |
| [[Maldon, Essex|Maldon]]<br/>{{coord| 51.74|0.81 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Blackwater Estuary }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL943084 }} |
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|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/tollesbury-wick |title= Tollesbury Wick Nature Reserve |publisher=Essex |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/tollesbury-wick |title= Tollesbury Wick Nature Reserve |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 17 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160601055241/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/tollesbury-wick |archive-date= 1 June 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/abbotts-hall-farm |title= Abbotts Hall Farm |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 22 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160829060348/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/abbotts-hall-farm |archive-date= 29 August 2016 }}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1004426">{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004426.pdf |title=Blackwater Estuary citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=28 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208093029/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004426.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2015 }}</ref>[[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|NNR]],<ref name=nnr/> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar/> [[Special Area of Conservation|SAC]],<ref name=sac>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0013690|title=Essex Estuaries|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=6 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220002412/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0013690|archive-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref name=blackwaterjncc>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=2020|title=Blackwater Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 4)|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=28 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208115024/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=2020|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004426}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004426}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004426.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208093029/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004426.pdf Citation] |
||
|The estuary has internationally important numbers of wintering [[Brant goose|dark-bellied brent geese]], [[ringed plover]] and [[dunlin]], and nationally important numbers of nine species. There are sixteen invertebrates on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]].<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1004426"/> |
|The estuary has internationally important numbers of wintering [[Brant goose|dark-bellied brent geese]], [[ringed plover]] and [[dunlin]], and nationally important numbers of nine species. There are sixteen invertebrates on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]].<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1004426"/> |
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Line 150: | Line 152: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Danbury, Essex|Danbury]]<br/>{{coord| 51.728|0.567 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Blake's Wood & Lingwood Common }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL774064 }} |
| [[Danbury, Essex|Danbury]]<br/>{{coord| 51.728|0.567 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Blake's Wood & Lingwood Common }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL774064 }} |
||
|[[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|NT]]<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1002072">{{cite web|url= |
|[[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|NT]]<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1002072">{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002072.pdf |title=Blake's Wood & Lingwood Common citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=30 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225922/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002072.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002072}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002072}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002072.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225922/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002072.pdf Citation] |
||
|This site has a variety of heath, woodland and marsh habitats, and four of the woodland types are unusual in Britain. The woodlands have diverse bird species, and two unusual moths, the [[deltote bankiana|silver barred]] and [[Elaphria venustula|rosy marbled]], have been recorded on the common.<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1002072"/> |
|This site has a variety of heath, woodland and marsh habitats, and four of the woodland types are unusual in Britain. The woodlands have diverse bird species, and two unusual moths, the [[deltote bankiana|silver barred]] and [[Elaphria venustula|rosy marbled]], have been recorded on the common.<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1002072"/> |
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Line 164: | Line 166: | ||
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| |
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|{{Nature on the map|1002095}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002095}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002095.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040218/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002095.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is coppice woodland of medieval origin on chalky boulder clay. It has unusual woodland types, such as [[small-leaved lime]] and plateau alder. Other trees include sessile and peduculate oak, ash, maple and hornbeam, with occasional [[wild service tree]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002095.pdf |title=Bovingdon Hall Woods citation|series= |
|The site is coppice woodland of medieval origin on chalky boulder clay. It has unusual woodland types, such as [[small-leaved lime]] and plateau alder. Other trees include sessile and peduculate oak, ash, maple and hornbeam, with occasional [[wild service tree]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002095.pdf |title=Bovingdon Hall Woods citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=22 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040218/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002095.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Bullock Wood]] |
! scope="row"|[[Bullock Wood]] |
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Line 176: | Line 178: | ||
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| |
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|{{Nature on the map|1003669}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003669}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003669.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051139/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003669.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is mature coppice with a wide variety of trees. The main woodland type is hazel and [[sessile oak]], which is rare nationally. The understorey is mainly coppiced hazel, and the ground flora is dominated by bramble and bracken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003669.pdf |title=Bullock Wood citation|series= |
|The site is mature coppice with a wide variety of trees. The main woodland type is hazel and [[sessile oak]], which is rare nationally. The understorey is mainly coppiced hazel, and the ground flora is dominated by bramble and bracken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003669.pdf |title=Bullock Wood citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=8 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051139/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003669.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|{{Anchor|C}}[[Canvey Wick]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|C}}[[Canvey Wick]] |
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Line 186: | Line 188: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Canvey Island]]<br/>{{coord| 51.522|0.536 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= =Canvey Wick}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TQ760834 }} |
| [[Canvey Island]]<br/>{{coord| 51.522|0.536 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= =Canvey Wick}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TQ760834 }} |
||
|[[Buglife]],<ref name=canvey/> [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|RSPB]]<ref name=canvey>{{cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/c/canvey-wick/about.aspx|title=About Canvey Wick|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds| |
|[[Buglife]],<ref name=canvey/> [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|RSPB]]<ref name=canvey>{{cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/c/canvey-wick/about.aspx|title=About Canvey Wick|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|access-date=4 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208140900/http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/c/canvey-wick/about.aspx|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|2000497}} |
|{{Nature on the map|2000497}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000497.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040415/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000497.pdf Citation] |
||
|Canvey Wick has a nationally important population of invertebrates, including 22 on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]], and three which had been recorded as extinct in Britain. It also has a nationally important population of [[shrill carder bee]]s. Scrub edges provide additional habitats.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%272000497%27|title=Canvey Wick citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|Canvey Wick has a nationally important population of invertebrates, including 22 on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]], and three which had been recorded as extinct in Britain. It also has a nationally important population of [[shrill carder bee]]s. Scrub edges provide additional habitats.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%272000497%27|title= Canvey Wick citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 4 December 2015|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151208164917/http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%272000497%27|archive-date= 8 December 2015}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Cattawade Marshes]] |
! scope="row"|[[Cattawade Marshes]] |
||
Line 198: | Line 200: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Manningtree]]<br/>{{coord| 51.955|1.040 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Cattawade Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM090329 }} |
| [[Manningtree]]<br/>{{coord| 51.955|1.040 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Cattawade Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM090329 }} |
||
|[[Dedham Vale|DVAONB]],<ref name=dedham>{{cite web|url=http://www.dedhamvalestourvalley.org/assets/Publications/Management-Plan-Docs/DV-AONB7996ManagementStrategyPlan.pdf|title=Dedham Vale AONB and Stour Valley – Management Plan 2010–2015|page=21|publisher=Dedham Vale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Stour Valley Project| |
|[[Dedham Vale National Landscape|DVAONB]],<ref name=dedham>{{cite web|url=http://www.dedhamvalestourvalley.org/assets/Publications/Management-Plan-Docs/DV-AONB7996ManagementStrategyPlan.pdf|title=Dedham Vale AONB and Stour Valley – Management Plan 2010–2015|page=21|publisher=Dedham Vale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Stour Valley Project|access-date=4 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208152626/http://www.dedhamvalestourvalley.org/assets/Publications/Management-Plan-Docs/DV-AONB7996ManagementStrategyPlan.pdf|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1002194&SiteName=&countyCode=15&responsiblePerson=|title=Cattawade Marshes|publisher=Natural England|access-date=6 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095013/https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1002194&SiteName=&countyCode=15&responsiblePerson=|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|RSPB]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/c/cattawademarshes/about.aspx|title=About Cattawade Marshes|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|access-date=4 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208112322/http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/c/cattawademarshes/about.aspx|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref name=dedham/> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002194}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002194}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002194.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222002/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002194.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is a marsh area between two arms of the [[River Stour, Suffolk|River Stour]]. It is of major importance for breeding birds, especially waders and wildfowl, such as Shoveler, Teal, Tufted Duck and Water Rail. Other habitats are grassland and ditches.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|The site is a marsh area between two arms of the [[River Stour, Suffolk|River Stour]]. It is of major importance for breeding birds, especially waders and wildfowl, such as Shoveler, Teal, Tufted Duck and Water Rail. Other habitats are grassland and ditches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002194.pdf |title=Cattawade Marshes citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=6 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222002/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002194.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/c/cattawademarshes/about.aspx|title=Cattawade Marshes|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|access-date=6 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208112322/http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/c/cattawademarshes/about.aspx|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Chalkney Wood]] |
! scope="row"|[[Chalkney Wood]] |
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Line 212: | Line 214: | ||
| |
| |
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|{{Nature on the map|1002204}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002204}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002204.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035010/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002204.pdf Citation] |
||
|The ancient woodland is on acid silts and sands. Trees include, ash, lime birch and pedunculated oak. The ground layer is dominated by bramble, and other plants include primrose and wood anemone. The wood is divided by grassy rides, and there are over twenty ponds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002204.pdf |title=Chalkney Wood citation|series= |
|The ancient woodland is on acid silts and sands. Trees include, ash, lime birch and pedunculated oak. The ground layer is dominated by bramble, and other plants include primrose and wood anemone. The wood is divided by grassy rides, and there are over twenty ponds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002204.pdf |title=Chalkney Wood citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=7 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035010/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002204.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore]] |
! scope="row"|[[Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore]] |
||
Line 222: | Line 224: | ||
|PP |
|PP |
||
| [[Clacton-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.779|1.131 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM161136 }} |
| [[Clacton-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.779|1.131 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM161136 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1179 |title= Clacton (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1179 |title= Clacton (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160808230221/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1179 |archive-date= 8 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003908}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003908}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003908.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003908.pdf Citation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044902/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003908.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }} |
||
|This site dates to the warm [[Hoxnian Stage]] around 400,000 years ago. Flint tools found there have made it the [[type site]] for the [[Clactonian]], a core-and-flake industry of [[homo erectus]], although paleontologists disagree whether it is really a separate industry from the [[Acheulian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003908.pdf |
|This site dates to the warm [[Hoxnian Stage]] around 400,000 years ago. Flint tools found there have made it the [[type site]] for the [[Clactonian]], a core-and-flake industry of [[homo erectus]], although paleontologists disagree whether it is really a separate industry from the [[Acheulian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003908.pdf|title=Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=8 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044902/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003908.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The British Palaeolithic: Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World|first1=Paul|last1=Pettit|first2=Mark|last2=White|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|pages=172–92|location=Abingdon, UK|isbn=978-0-415-67455-3}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{sortname|The| Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch|The Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch}} |
! scope="row"|{{sortname|The| Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch|The Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch}} |
||
Line 234: | Line 236: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Burnham-on-Crouch]]<br/>{{coord| 51.636|0.775 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= The Cliff, Burnham-On-Crouch }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ921967 }} |
| [[Burnham-on-Crouch]]<br/>{{coord| 51.636|0.775 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= The Cliff, Burnham-On-Crouch }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ921967 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=815 |title= Burnham-on-Crouch (Aves) |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee| |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=815 |title= Burnham-on-Crouch (Aves) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160812114743/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=815 |archive-date= 12 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2914 |title= Burnham-on-Crouch (Mesozoic - Tertiary Fish/Amphibia) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160812110321/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2914 |archive-date= 12 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003868}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003868}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003868.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003868.pdf Citation] |
||
|Fossils birds dating to the [[Lower Eocene]], around 55 to 48 million years ago, have been found at this site, and it has yielded the type material of two species. Considerable quantities of fossil fishes have also been found, mainly sharks, and it is the type locality for several species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003868.pdf |
|Fossils birds dating to the [[Lower Eocene]], around 55 to 48 million years ago, have been found at this site, and it has yielded the type material of two species. Considerable quantities of fossil fishes have also been found, mainly sharks, and it is the type locality for several species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003868.pdf|title=The Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=12 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223543/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003868.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Colne Estuary]] |
! scope="row"|[[Colne Estuary]] |
||
Line 246: | Line 248: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Brightlingsea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.81|0.99 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Colne Estuary }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM062161 }} |
| [[Brightlingsea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.81|0.99 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Colne Estuary }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM062161 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref name=colnesssi/> [[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/197349/TR_SEA3_OtherAreas.pdf|page=27|title=Other Designated Sites in the Sea 3 Area|publisher=Department of Trade and Industry|year=2002| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref name=colnesssi/> [[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/197349/TR_SEA3_OtherAreas.pdf|page=27|title=Other Designated Sites in the Sea 3 Area|publisher=Department of Trade and Industry|year=2002|access-date=7 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209084037/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/197349/TR_SEA3_OtherAreas.pdf|archive-date=9 December 2015}}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=colnesssi/> [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|NNR]],<ref name=colnesssi>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000666.pdf |title=Colne Estuary citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=7 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208152008/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000666.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2015 }}</ref> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar/> [[Special Area of Conservation|SAC]],<ref name=sac/> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/SPA/UK9009243.pdf |title= Special Protection Area under the EC Birds Directive: Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 2 November 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160315164129/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/SPA/UK9009243.pdf |archive-date= 15 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1000666}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1000666}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000666.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208152008/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000666.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site has varied habitats, such as saltmarsh, mud flats, shingle spits and former gravel pits. It is of international importance for wintering [[brent geese]] and [[black-tailed godwit]]s, and of national importance for six other bird species, including [[little tern]]s.<ref name=colnesssi/> |
|The site has varied habitats, such as saltmarsh, mud flats, shingle spits and former gravel pits. It is of international importance for wintering [[brent geese]] and [[black-tailed godwit]]s, and of national importance for six other bird species, including [[little tern]]s.<ref name=colnesssi/> |
||
|- |
|- |
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Line 261: | Line 263: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1001043}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001043}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001043.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001043.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is an ancient semi-natural wood in the valley of a small tributary of the [[River Roding]]. It is [[Base-richness|base-rich]] alder on the valley floor, and oak and hornbeam in other areas. The geology is complex, with areas of [[Claygate Beds]] and [[Bagshot Beds]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001043.pdf|title=The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The site is an ancient semi-natural wood in the valley of a small tributary of the [[River Roding]]. It is [[Base-richness|base-rich]] alder on the valley floor, and oak and hornbeam in other areas. The geology is complex, with areas of [[Claygate Beds]] and [[Bagshot Beds]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001043.pdf|title= The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 19 June 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002047/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001043.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea]] |
! scope="row"|[[Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea]] |
||
Line 273: | Line 275: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1003495}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003495}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003495.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003495.pdf Citation] |
||
|The slow-moving Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea form a freshwater habitat with one of the most diverse [[invertebrate]] fauna in Essex. Eighteen species of [[dragonflies]] and [[damselflies]] have been recorded, including the uncommon and nationally declining [[White-legged Damselfly|white-legged damselfly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003495.pdf |
|The slow-moving Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea form a freshwater habitat with one of the most diverse [[invertebrate]] fauna in Essex. Eighteen species of [[dragonflies]] and [[damselflies]] have been recorded, including the uncommon and nationally declining [[White-legged Damselfly|white-legged damselfly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003495.pdf|title=Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210195051/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003495.pdf|archive-date=10 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Crouch and Roach Estuaries]] |
! scope="row"|[[Crouch and Roach Estuaries]] |
||
Line 282: | Line 284: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Burnham-on-Crouch]]<br/>{{coord| 51.62|0.73 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Crouch and Roach Estuaries }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ889953 }} |
| [[Burnham-on-Crouch]]<br/>{{coord| 51.62|0.73 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Crouch and Roach Estuaries }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ889953 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/lion-creek-and-lower-raypits|title=Lion Creek and Lower Raypits Nature Reserve|publisher= |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/lion-creek-and-lower-raypits|title=Lion Creek and Lower Raypits Nature Reserve|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=10 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041032/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/lion-creek-and-lower-raypits|archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/woodham-fen|title=Woodham Fen Nature Reserve|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=17 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603155841/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/woodham-fen|archive-date=3 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/blue-house-farm|title=Blue House Farm|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=19 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601094128/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/blue-house-farm|archive-date=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002160%27|title= Map of Crouch and Roach Estuaries|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 17 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151222162316/http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002160%27|archive-date= 22 December 2015}}</ref> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar/> [[Special Area of Conservation|SAC]],<ref name=sac/> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/SPA/UK9009244.pdf|title=Crouch and Roach Estuaries (Mid-Essex)|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=10 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055436/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/SPA/UK9009244.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002160}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002160}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002160.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115804/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002160.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is internationally important for wintering [[Dark-bellied Brent Goose|dark-bellied brent geese]], and nationally important for [[black-tailed godwit]]s, [[shelduck]]s and [[Northern shoveler|shoveler ducks]]. There are invertebrates on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]], such as the [[Malacosoma castrensis|ground lackey moth]], and dense populations of the nationally scarce [[Roesel's |
|The site is internationally important for wintering [[Dark-bellied Brent Goose|dark-bellied brent geese]], and nationally important for [[black-tailed godwit]]s, [[shelduck]]s and [[Northern shoveler|shoveler ducks]]. There are invertebrates on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]], such as the [[Malacosoma castrensis|ground lackey moth]], and dense populations of the nationally scarce [[Roesel's bush-cricket]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002160.pdf |title=Crouch and Roach estuaries citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=12 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115804/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002160.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Curtismill Green]] |
! scope="row"|[[Curtismill Green]] |
||
Line 296: | Line 298: | ||
| |
| |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002883}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002883}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002883.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222113416/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002883.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is unimproved grassland and scrub with both damp and dry areas, with a number of uncommon species. Notable plant species in grassland areas include [[Orange Foxtail]], [[Lesser Spearwort]] and [[Yellow Rattle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002883.pdf |title=Curtismill Green citation|series= |
|This is unimproved grassland and scrub with both damp and dry areas, with a number of uncommon species. Notable plant species in grassland areas include [[Orange Foxtail]], [[Lesser Spearwort]] and [[Yellow Rattle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002883.pdf |title=Curtismill Green citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=12 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222113416/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002883.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|D}}[[Danbury Common]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|D}}[[Danbury Common]] |
||
Line 306: | Line 308: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Danbury, Essex|Danbury]]<br/>{{coord| 51.709|0.578 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Danbury Common }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL782043 }} |
| [[Danbury, Essex|Danbury]]<br/>{{coord| 51.709|0.578 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Danbury Common }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL782043 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/danbury-ridge|title=Danbury Ridge Nature Reserves|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/danbury-ridge|title=Danbury Ridge Nature Reserves|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=13 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222113457/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/danbury-ridge|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1002899">{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002899.pdf |title=Danbury Common citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=13 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145830/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002899.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref> [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|NT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/danbury-commons-and-blakes-wood|title=Danbury Commons and Blakes Wood|publisher=National Trust|access-date=13 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092549/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/danbury-commons-and-blakes-wood|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002899}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002899}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002899.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145830/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002899.pdf Citation] |
||
|The common is one of the largest areas of heathland left in the county, and also has bracken and gorse scrub, and woodland with oak and birch. Upper parts are on glacial gravel, and lower down there is boggy heath. This is the main British site for the [[Elaphria venustula|rosy marbled moth]].<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1002899"/> |
|The common is one of the largest areas of heathland left in the county, and also has bracken and gorse scrub, and woodland with oak and birch. Upper parts are on glacial gravel, and lower down there is boggy heath. This is the main British site for the [[Elaphria venustula|rosy marbled moth]].<ref name="www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk 1002899"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
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Line 320: | Line 322: | ||
| |
| |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002925}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002925}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002925.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052441/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002925.pdf Citation] |
||
|The flood plain of the stream has tall fen vegetation, mainly [[Phragmites|common reed]], while in some areas plants such as [[tussock sedge]] and [[lesser pond-sedge]] are locally dominant. Other habitats are neutral grassland, broad-leaved woodland and species-rich calcareous grassland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002925.pdf |title=Debden Water |
|The flood plain of the stream has tall fen vegetation, mainly [[Phragmites|common reed]], while in some areas plants such as [[tussock sedge]] and [[lesser pond-sedge]] are locally dominant. Other habitats are neutral grassland, broad-leaved woodland and species-rich calcareous grassland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002925.pdf |title=Debden Water citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052441/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002925.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Dengie nature reserve|Dengie]] |
! scope="row"|[[Dengie nature reserve|Dengie]] |
||
Line 330: | Line 332: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Bradwell-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.69|0.95 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Dengie }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM042037 }} |
| [[Bradwell-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.69|0.95 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Dengie }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM042037 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Bradwell Shell Bank Nature Reserve|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/bradwell-shell-bank|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Bradwell Shell Bank Nature Reserve|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/bradwell-shell-bank|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=26 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173624/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/bradwell-shell-bank|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> [[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Dengie (Coastal Geomorphology of England)|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2737)|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222132852/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2737)|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=dengie>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000735.pdf |title=Dengie citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=14 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042635/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000735.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|NNR]],<ref name=nnr>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/essexs-national-nature-reserves/essexs-national-nature-reserves|title=Essex's National Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209092638/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/essexs-national-nature-reserves/essexs-national-nature-reserves|archive-date=9 December 2015}}</ref> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar/> [[Special Area of Conservation|SAC]],<ref name=sac/> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=2017|title=Dengie (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 1)|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222140405/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=2017|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1000735}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1000735}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000735.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042635/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000735.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is a large area of tidal mudflats and salt marshes. It has internationally important winter populations of [[brent geese]] and [[grey plover]]s, and nationally significant numbers of [[Red knot|knots]], [[dunlin]]s and [[Ruddy turnstone|turnstones]].<ref name=dengie/> |
|This is a large area of tidal mudflats and salt marshes. It has internationally important winter populations of [[brent geese]] and [[grey plover]]s, and nationally significant numbers of [[Red knot|knots]], [[dunlin]]s and [[Ruddy turnstone|turnstones]].<ref name=dengie/> |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 344: | Line 346: | ||
| |
| |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002969}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002969}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002969.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070203/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002969.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site comprises two separate areas, the larger Eastend Wood and the smaller Plegdon Wood. They are both ancient mixed woods on chalky boulder clay. There are also damp grass rides and ponds which provide additional habitats for invertebrates and birds.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|The site comprises two separate areas, the larger Eastend Wood and the smaller Plegdon Wood. They are both ancient mixed woods on chalky boulder clay. There are also damp grass rides and ponds which provide additional habitats for invertebrates and birds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002969.pdf |title=Elsenham Woods citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070203/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002969.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Epping Forest]] |
! scope="row"|[[Epping Forest]] |
||
Line 354: | Line 356: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Epping, Essex|Epping]]<br/>{{coord| 51.65|0.05 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Epping Forest}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ418971 }} |
| [[Epping, Essex|Epping]]<br/>{{coord| 51.65|0.05 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Epping Forest}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ418971 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref name=eppingsssi/> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=eppingsssi>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001814.pdf |title=Epping Forest citation|series= |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref name=eppingsssi/> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=eppingsssi>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001814.pdf |title=Epping Forest citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=17 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024045100/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001814.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2012 }}</ref> [[Special Area of Conservation|SAC]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0012720|title=Epping Forest|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220002359/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0012720|archive-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> [[Scheduled Monument|SM]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/results?q=Ambresbury+Banks|title=Ambresbury Banks slight univallate hillfort|publisher=Historic England|access-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224103817/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/results?q=Ambresbury+Banks|archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1013518|title=Loughton camp slight univallate hillfort|publisher=Historic England|access-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235947/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1013518|archive-date=23 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1001814}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001814}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001814.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024045100/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001814.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site has ancient semi-natural woodland, grassland and wetland. The |
|The site has ancient semi-natural woodland, grassland and wetland. The invertebrate fauna is described by [[Natural England]] as "of outstanding national significance", including 66 subcortical (under bark) and dead wood fauna on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]].<ref name=eppingsssi/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|F}}[[Foulness SSSI|Foulness]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|F}}[[Foulness SSSI|Foulness]] |
||
Line 366: | Line 368: | ||
|PP |
|PP |
||
| [[Foulness]]<br/>{{coord| 51.57|0.92 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Foulness }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TR022902 }} |
| [[Foulness]]<br/>{{coord| 51.57|0.92 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Foulness }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TR022902 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/gunners-park-shoebury-ranges|title=Gunners Park and Shoebury Ranges Nature Reserve|publisher= |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/gunners-park-shoebury-ranges|title=Gunners Park and Shoebury Ranges Nature Reserve|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224104731/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/gunners-park-shoebury-ranges|archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref> [[Local nature reserve|LNR]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=15&N=&ID=1673|title=Shoeburyness Old Ranges|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England|date=27 February 2013|access-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224053141/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=15&N=&ID=1673|archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=foulnesssssi/> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar/> [[Special Area of Conservation|SAC]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0013690|title=Essex Estuaries|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220002412/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0013690|archive-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=2021|title=Foulness (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 5)|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=23 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224104333/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=2021|archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002984}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002984}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002984.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303094410/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002984.pdf Citation] |
||
|This coastland site is of international importance for nine species of wildfowl and waders, such as [[Dark-bellied Brent Goose|dark-bellied brent geese]]. Rare plants include [[soft hornwort]] and [[Ruppia cirrhosa|spiral tasselwood]], and the site is also important for invertebrates, with 71 nationally rare species.<ref name=foulnesssssi>{{cite web|url= |
|This coastland site is of international importance for nine species of wildfowl and waders, such as [[Dark-bellied Brent Goose|dark-bellied brent geese]]. Rare plants include [[soft hornwort]] and [[Ruppia cirrhosa|spiral tasselwood]], and the site is also important for invertebrates, with 71 nationally rare species.<ref name=foulnesssssi>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002984.pdf |title=Foulness citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=24 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303094410/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002984.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|G}}[[Garnetts Wood and Barnston Lays]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|G}}[[Garnetts Wood and Barnston Lays]] |
||
Line 380: | Line 382: | ||
| |
| |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003034}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003034}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003034.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20151223064746/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003034.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is coppiced woodland, mostly ancient, on glacial silt, sands, gravels and clay soils. It contains some of the best lime woodland in the county. There are two ponds, which have the unusual [[Lythrum portula|water purslane]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003034.pdf |title= |
|The site is coppiced woodland, mostly ancient, on glacial silt, sands, gravels and clay soils. It contains some of the best lime woodland in the county. There are two ponds, which have the unusual [[Lythrum portula|water purslane]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003034.pdf |title=Garnetts Wood and Barnston Lays citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223064746/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003034.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2015 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Garrold's Meadow]] |
! scope="row"|[[Garrold's Meadow]] |
||
Line 392: | Line 394: | ||
| |
| |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003172}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003172}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003172.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160813211944/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003172.pdf Citation] |
||
|This site is unimproved grassland on gravel in it southern part and clay in the north. There is also an area of marsh. The plant community is diverse, with a number of uncommon species. Grasses include [[common bent]], [[sweet vernal grass]] and [[crested dog's-tail]].<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|This site is unimproved grassland on gravel in it southern part and clay in the north. There is also an area of marsh. The plant community is diverse, with a number of uncommon species. Grasses include [[common bent]], [[sweet vernal grass]] and [[crested dog's-tail]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003172.pdf |title=Garrold's Meadow citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=26 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813211944/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003172.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Glemsford Pits]] |
! scope="row"|[[Glemsford Pits]] |
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Line 405: | Line 407: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1003050}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003050}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003050.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003050.pdf Citation] |
||
|Thirteen species of dragonfly and damselfly have been recorded in these former gravel workings, including one which is rare in Britain, the [[ruddy darter]] dragonfly. Aquatic plants include the [[Nuphar lutea|yellow water-lily]] and [[Hippuris vulgaris|mare's tail]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003050.pdf|title=Glemsford Pits citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|Thirteen species of dragonfly and damselfly have been recorded in these former gravel workings, including one which is rare in Britain, the [[ruddy darter]] dragonfly. Aquatic plants include the [[Nuphar lutea|yellow water-lily]] and [[Hippuris vulgaris|mare's tail]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003050.pdf|title= Glemsford Pits citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 17 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222611/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003050.pdf|archive-date= 3 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Globe Pit]] |
! scope="row"|[[Globe Pit]] |
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Line 414: | Line 416: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Little Thurrock]]<br/>{{coord| 51.479|0.339 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Globe Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ625782 }} |
| [[Little Thurrock]]<br/>{{coord| 51.479|0.339 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Globe Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ625782 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=847|title=Globe Pit, Little Thurrock (Quaternary of the Thames)|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee| |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=847|title=Globe Pit, Little Thurrock (Quaternary of the Thames)|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=29 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531152333/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=847|archive-date=31 May 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003076}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003076}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003076.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003076.pdf Citation] |
||
|[[Natural England]] describes Globe Pit as "an important site for the interrelationship of archaeology with geology since it is vital in the correlation of the [[Lower Palaeolithic]] chronology with the [[Pleistocene]] Thames Terrace sequence". There are many [[Clactonian]] flint tools.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003076.pdf|title=Globe Pit citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|[[Natural England]] describes Globe Pit as "an important site for the interrelationship of archaeology with geology since it is vital in the correlation of the [[Lower Palaeolithic]] chronology with the [[Pleistocene]] Thames Terrace sequence". There are many [[Clactonian]] flint tools.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003076.pdf|title= Globe Pit citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 29 April 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045317/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003076.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Goldsands Road Pit]] |
! scope="row"|[[Goldsands Road Pit]] |
||
Line 426: | Line 428: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Southminster]]<br/>{{coord| 51.656|0.832 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Goldsands Road Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ960990 }} |
| [[Southminster]]<br/>{{coord| 51.656|0.832 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Goldsands Road Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ960990 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=485 |title= Southminster, Goldsands Road Pit (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=485 |title= Southminster, Goldsands Road Pit (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806222804/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=485 |archive-date= 6 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003927}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003927}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003927.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003927.pdf Citation] |
||
|This site provides the earliest evidence of an ancient course of the combined [[Thames]] and [[River Medway|Medway]] rivers, which flowed north-east across eastern Essex in the late [[Anglian stage|Anglian]] period around 400,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geoessex.org.uk/maldon.html|title=Maldon|publisher=GeoEssex| |
|This site provides the earliest evidence of an ancient course of the combined [[Thames]] and [[River Medway|Medway]] rivers, which flowed north-east across eastern Essex in the late [[Anglian stage|Anglian]] period around 400,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geoessex.org.uk/maldon.html|title=Maldon|publisher=GeoEssex|access-date=17 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911031906/http://www.geoessex.org.uk/maldon.html|archive-date=11 September 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit]] |
! scope="row"|[[Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit]] |
||
Line 437: | Line 439: | ||
| <small style="font-size:85%;"> {{convert| 17.3 |ha|acre |sortable=on}}</small> |
| <small style="font-size:85%;"> {{convert| 17.3 |ha|acre |sortable=on}}</small> |
||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Grays]]<br/>{{coord| 51.486|0.316 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TQ609789 }} |
| [[Grays, Essex|Grays]]<br/>{{coord| 51.486|0.316 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TQ609789 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref name=grays>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/chafford-gorges|title=Chafford Gorges Nature Park|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref name=grays>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/chafford-gorges|title=Chafford Gorges Nature Park|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=27 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223165759/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/chafford-gorges|archive-date=23 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=graysmap>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthylifeessex.co.uk/pages/outdoor-life/images/Chafford_Gorges.pdf|title=Map of Chafford Gorges Nature Park|publisher=Healthy Life Essex|access-date=27 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114165108/http://www.healthylifeessex.co.uk/pages/outdoor-life/images/Chafford_Gorges.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003111}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003111}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003111.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233853/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003111.pdf Citation] |
||
|This former chalk pit has a range of woodland, grassland and scrub habitats which are important for invertebrates. Beetles include two species on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]], [[Mordellistena humeralis]] and [[Mordellistena neuwaldeggiana]].<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|This former chalk pit has a range of woodland, grassland and scrub habitats which are important for invertebrates. Beetles include two species on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]], [[Mordellistena humeralis]] and [[Mordellistena neuwaldeggiana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003111.pdf |title=Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=15 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233853/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003111.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Great Wood and Dodd's Grove]] |
! scope="row"|[[Great Wood and Dodd's Grove]] |
||
Line 450: | Line 452: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Leigh-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.559|0.623 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Great Wood and Dodd's Grove}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ819877 }} |
| [[Leigh-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.559|0.623 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Great Wood and Dodd's Grove}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ819877 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/belfairs |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/belfairs|title= Belfairs Woodland Centre|publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date= 12 June 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160331150029/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/belfairs|archive-date= 31 March 2016}}</ref> [[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref name=greatw>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001885.pdf |title=Great Wood & Dodd's Grove Hadleigh (Belfairs LNR) citation |publisher=Natural England |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |access-date=31 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225736/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001885.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1001885}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001885}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001885.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225736/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001885.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is a small remnant of the ancient Hadleigh Great Wood. It is coppiced oak woodland on sands, gravels and clay, and one of the largest areas of old woodland in the south of the county. Plants include the rare [[Epipactis helleborine|broad-leaved helleborine]].<ref name=greatw/> |
|This is a small remnant of the ancient Hadleigh Great Wood. It is coppiced oak woodland on sands, gravels and clay, and one of the largest areas of old woodland in the south of the county. Plants include the rare [[Epipactis helleborine|broad-leaved helleborine]].<ref name=greatw/> |
||
|- |
|- |
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Line 465: | Line 467: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1004044}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004044}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004044.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004044.pdf Citation] |
||
|The woodland and scrub in this country park have varied flora and fauna, including diverse breeding birds. The shrub layer |
|The woodland and scrub in this country park have varied flora and fauna, including diverse breeding birds. The shrub layer has plants such as [[Oxalis acetosella|wood sorrel]] and [[butcher's-broom]], and birds include [[wood warbler]]s and [[spotted flycatcher]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004044.pdf|title=Hainault Forest citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=1 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003841/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004044.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Hales and Shadwell Woods]] |
! scope="row"|[[Hales and Shadwell Woods]] |
||
Line 474: | Line 476: | ||
|PP |
|PP |
||
| [[Saffron Walden]]<br/>{{coord| 52.043|0.291 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hales and Shadwell Woods}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL572408 }} |
| [[Saffron Walden]]<br/>{{coord| 52.043|0.291 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hales and Shadwell Woods}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL572408 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/shadwell-wood|title=Shadwell Wood Nature Reserve|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/shadwell-wood|title=Shadwell Wood Nature Reserve|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401210133/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/shadwell-wood|archive-date=1 April 2016}}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=ratcliffe60>{{cite book|page=60|first=Derek|last=Ratcliffe|title=A Nature Conservation Review|year=1977|volume=2|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21403-2}}</ref> [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|NNR]]<ref name=nnr/> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1001901}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001901}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001901.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070538/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001901.pdf Citation] |
||
|The woods are ancient coppice wet ash and maple on chalky boulder clay. The shrub layer is diverse, with plants including the [[wayfaring-tree]] and the nationally uncommon [[oxlip]]. Seven species of orchid have been recorded in Shadwell Wood, which also has herb-rich grassy rides.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|The woods are ancient coppice wet ash and maple on chalky boulder clay. The shrub layer is diverse, with plants including the [[wayfaring-tree]] and the nationally uncommon [[oxlip]]. Seven species of orchid have been recorded in Shadwell Wood, which also has herb-rich grassy rides.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001901.pdf |title=Hales and Shadwell Woods citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=27 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070538/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001901.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Hall's Quarry]] |
! scope="row"|[[Hall's Quarry]] |
||
Line 486: | Line 488: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Elsenham]]<br/>{{coord| 51.929|0.206 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Hall's Quarry }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL518279 }} |
| [[Elsenham]]<br/>{{coord| 51.929|0.206 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Hall's Quarry }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL518279 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=849 |title=Halls Quarry (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=849 |title= Halls Quarry (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 24 April 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160513155235/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=849 |archive-date= 13 May 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003938}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003938}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003938.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043842/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003938.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site exposes glacial gravels, silts and [[till]]s deposited during the [[Anglian stage|Anglian ice age]] around 450,000 years ago. It is described by [[Natural England]] as "extremely important for the study of the [[Anglian glaciation]] and its associated deposits".<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|The site exposes glacial gravels, silts and [[till]]s deposited during the [[Anglian stage|Anglian ice age]] around 450,000 years ago. It is described by [[Natural England]] as "extremely important for the study of the [[Anglian glaciation]] and its associated deposits".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003938.pdf |title=Hall's Quarry citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=24 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043842/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003938.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Hamford Water]] |
! scope="row"|[[Hamford Water]] |
||
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|PP |
|PP |
||
| [[Walton-on-the-Naze]]<br/>{{coord| 51.88|1.24 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hamford Water }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM230253 }} |
| [[Walton-on-the-Naze]]<br/>{{coord| 51.88|1.24 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hamford Water }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM230253 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref name=hamford/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/skippers-island|title=Skipper's Island Nature Reserve|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref name=hamford/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/skippers-island|title=Skipper's Island Nature Reserve|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124010343/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/skippers-island|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/john-weston|title=John Weston Nature Reserve|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=1 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401234549/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/john-weston|archive-date=2016-04-01}}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=hamford>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001010.pdf |title=Hamford Water citation |publisher=Natural England |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |access-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032143/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001010.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|NNR]],<ref name=nnr/> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar/> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2012-theme=default|title=Hamford Water|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054956/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2012-theme=default|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1001010}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001010}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001010.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032143/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001010.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is a tidal inlet which has marsh grasslands, creeks, mud and sand flats, salt marshes, islands and beaches. It is internationally significant for breeding [[little tern]]s and wintering [[brant goose|dark-bellied brent geese]]. Rare plants include [[hog's fennel]] and [[slender hare's-ear]].<ref name=hamford/> |
|The site is a tidal inlet which has marsh grasslands, creeks, mud and sand flats, salt marshes, islands and beaches. It is internationally significant for breeding [[little tern]]s and wintering [[brant goose|dark-bellied brent geese]]. Rare plants include [[hog's fennel]] and [[slender hare's-ear]].<ref name=hamford/> |
||
|- |
|- |
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Line 510: | Line 512: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Little Thurrock]]<br/>{{coord| 51.489|0.346 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hangman's Wood and Deneholes}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ630793 }} |
| [[Little Thurrock]]<br/>{{coord| 51.489|0.346 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hangman's Wood and Deneholes}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ630793 }} |
||
|[[Scheduled Monument|SM]]<ref>{{cite web |
|[[Scheduled Monument|SM]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1002156|title=Dene holes in Hangman's Wood|publisher=Historic England|access-date=2 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811073926/https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1002156|archive-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1006455}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1006455}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006455.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006455.pdf Citation] |
||
|The [[denehole]]s, which were created by medieval chalk mining, are the most important underground hibernation sites for bats in Essex, with three species; [[Brown long-eared bat]], [[Natterer's bat]] and [[Daubenton's bat]]. The oak woodland is ancient, and it provides a feeding habitat for the bats.<ref name=hangman>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006455.pdf|title=Hangman's Wood and Deneholes citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The [[denehole]]s, which were created by medieval chalk mining, are the most important underground hibernation sites for bats in Essex, with three species; [[Brown long-eared bat]], [[Natterer's bat]] and [[Daubenton's bat]]. The oak woodland is ancient, and it provides a feeding habitat for the bats.<ref name=hangman>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006455.pdf|title= Hangman's Wood and Deneholes citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 1 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053216/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006455.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Hanningfield Reservoir]] |
! scope="row"|[[Hanningfield Reservoir]] |
||
Line 522: | Line 524: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Chelmsford]]<br/>{{coord| 51.656|0.501 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hanningfield Reservoir }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ731982 }} |
| [[Chelmsford]]<br/>{{coord| 51.656|0.501 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hanningfield Reservoir }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ731982 }} |
||
|[[Bird Sanctuary Order|BSO]],<ref name=hanningfield>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003253.pdf|title=Hanningfield Reservoir|publisher=Natural England|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest| |
|[[Bird Sanctuary Order|BSO]],<ref name=hanningfield>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003253.pdf|title=Hanningfield Reservoir|publisher=Natural England|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|access-date=2 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030148/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003253.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> [[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/hanningfield-reservoir|title=Hanningfield Reservoir Visitor Centre|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=2 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115090357/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/hanningfield-reservoir|archive-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003253}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003253}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003253.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003253.pdf Citation] |
||
|The reservoir has a nationally important population of [[gadwall]]s, and it also has significant numbers of [[Common pochard|pochards]], [[Eurasian teal|teal]], [[tufted duck]]s and [[Northern pintail|pintails]]. The chalk sludge lagoon has several unusual plants, and there is a rare moss ''[[Brachythecium mildeanum]]'' at the foot of the southern dam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003253.pdf |
|The reservoir has a nationally important population of [[gadwall]]s, and it also has significant numbers of [[Common pochard|pochards]], [[Eurasian teal|teal]], [[tufted duck]]s and [[Northern pintail|pintails]]. The chalk sludge lagoon has several unusual plants, and there is a rare moss ''[[Brachythecium mildeanum]]'' at the foot of the southern dam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003253.pdf|title=Hanningfield Reservoir citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=1 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030148/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003253.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Harlow Woods]] |
! scope="row"|[[Harlow Woods]] |
||
Line 534: | Line 536: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Harlow]]<br/>{{coord| 51.74|0.084 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Harlow Woods }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL440066 }} |
| [[Harlow]]<br/>{{coord| 51.74|0.084 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Harlow Woods }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL440066 }} |
||
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref name=harlow>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003294.pdf|title=Harlow Woods citation|publisher=Natural England|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest| |
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref name=harlow>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003294.pdf|title=Harlow Woods citation|publisher=Natural England|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|access-date=2 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030333/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003294.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=&ID=329|title=Parndon Woods and Common|date=27 February 2013|publisher=Natural England|series=Local Nature Reserves|access-date=2 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064253/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=&ID=329|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003294}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003294}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003294.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003294.pdf Citation] |
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Line 546: | Line 548: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Harwich]]<br/>{{coord| 51.940|1.291 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Harwich Foreshore }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM263320 }} |
| [[Harwich]]<br/>{{coord| 51.940|1.291 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Harwich Foreshore }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM263320 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=779 |title= Harwich (Tertiary Palaeobotany) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=779 |title= Harwich (Tertiary Palaeobotany) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806221112/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=779 |archive-date= 6 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003949}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003949}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003949.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232817/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003949.pdf Citation] |
||
|This site exposes bands of ash from explosive volcanoes in Scotland during the [[Eocene]] epoch around 50 million years ago. It also has many [[London Clay]] fossils from the Eocene rainforest, including mammals such as [[Hyracotherium]], the earliest ancestor of the horse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Harwich+Foreshore+SSSI/o/Harwich+Foreshore+SSSI|title=Harwich Foreshore SSSI|publisher=The Essex Field Club| |
|This site exposes bands of ash from explosive volcanoes in Scotland during the [[Eocene]] epoch around 50 million years ago. It also has many [[London Clay]] fossils from the Eocene rainforest, including mammals such as [[Hyracotherium]], the earliest ancestor of the horse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Harwich+Foreshore+SSSI/o/Harwich+Foreshore+SSSI|title=Harwich Foreshore SSSI|publisher=The Essex Field Club|access-date=4 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817073715/http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Harwich+Foreshore+SSSI/o/Harwich+Foreshore+SSSI|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Hatfield Forest]] |
! scope="row"|[[Hatfield Forest]] |
||
Line 558: | Line 560: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Bishop's Stortford]]<br/>{{coord| 51.856|0.227 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hatfield Forest }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL535198 }} |
| [[Bishop's Stortford]]<br/>{{coord| 51.856|0.227 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hatfield Forest }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL535198 }} |
||
|[[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=ratcliffe60/> [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|NNR]],<ref name=nnr/> [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|NT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/hatfield-forest|title=Hatfield Forest|publisher=National Trust| |
|[[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref name=ratcliffe60/> [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|NNR]],<ref name=nnr/> [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|NT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/hatfield-forest|title=Hatfield Forest|publisher=National Trust|access-date=29 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529083909/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/hatfield-forest|archive-date=29 May 2016}}</ref> [[Scheduled monument|SM]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1015433|title=Warren in Collins Coppice, Hatfield Forest|publisher=Historic England|access-date=29 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611141055/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1015433|archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003932}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003932}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003932.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003932.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is the last [[Royal Forest]] to remain nearly intact. It has ancient coppice woodland, scrub, unimproved grassland, a large lake and extensive marshes. The woodland is mainly wet ash and maple. There are many rare plants and over sixty bird species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003932.pdf |
|This is the last [[Royal Forest]] to remain nearly intact. It has ancient coppice woodland, scrub, unimproved grassland, a large lake and extensive marshes. The woodland is mainly wet ash and maple. There are many rare plants and over sixty bird species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003932.pdf|title=Hatfield Forest citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=2 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001445/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003932.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[High Wood, Dunmow]] |
! scope="row"|[[High Wood, Dunmow]] |
||
Line 573: | Line 575: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1003967}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003967}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003967.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003967.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site on [[boulder clay]] and [[loess]] has areas of wet ash and maple woodland, and others of [[pedunculate oak]] and hornbeam. Some areas are ancient woodland. There is a diverse layer of ground flora, and damp woodland rides provide additional habitat for birds and invertebrates.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003967.pdf|title=High Wood, Dunmow citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The site on [[boulder clay]] and [[loess]] has areas of wet ash and maple woodland, and others of [[pedunculate oak]] and hornbeam. Some areas are ancient woodland. There is a diverse layer of ground flora, and damp woodland rides provide additional habitat for birds and invertebrates.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003967.pdf|title= High Wood, Dunmow citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 2 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072241/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003967.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Hockley Woods]] |
! scope="row"|[[Hockley Woods]] |
||
Line 582: | Line 584: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Hockley]]<br/>{{coord| 51.594|0.643 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hockley Woods }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ832917 }} |
| [[Hockley]]<br/>{{coord| 51.594|0.643 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hockley Woods }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ832917 }} |
||
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=15&N=&ID=220 |title=Hockley Woods |series=Local Nature Reserves |publisher=Natural England |date=25 January 2016 |access-date=2 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071209/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=15&N=&ID=220 |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003984}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003984}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003984.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003984.pdf Citation] |
||
|The woods are on pre-glacial gravels and clay, with trees including hornbeam, [[pedunculate oak]], [[sessile oak]], birch and hazel. Ground flora include three species of orchid, and there is a stream and area of bog.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003984.pdf |
|The woods are on pre-glacial gravels and clay, with trees including hornbeam, [[pedunculate oak]], [[sessile oak]], birch and hazel. Ground flora include three species of orchid, and there is a stream and area of bog.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003984.pdf|title=Hockley Woods citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=2 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030124/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003984.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Holehaven Creek]] |
! scope="row"|[[Holehaven Creek]] |
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Line 597: | Line 599: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|2000467}} |
|{{Nature on the map|2000467}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000467.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000467.pdf Citation] |
||
|The creek's intertidal marshes and mudflats support nationally important (and occasionally internationally) numbers of wintering [[black-tailed godwit]]s. [[Numenius arquata|Curlews]] and [[dunlin]]s are also sometimes present in nationally significant numbers.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000467.pdf|title=Holehaven Creek citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The creek's intertidal marshes and mudflats support nationally important (and occasionally internationally) numbers of wintering [[black-tailed godwit]]s. [[Numenius arquata|Curlews]] and [[dunlin]]s are also sometimes present in nationally significant numbers.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000467.pdf|title= Holehaven Creek citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 2 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060943/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000467.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Holland Haven Marshes]] |
! scope="row"|[[Holland Haven Marshes]] |
||
Line 606: | Line 608: | ||
|PP |
|PP |
||
| [[Clacton-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.816|1.208 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Holland Haven Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM212179 }} |
| [[Clacton-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.816|1.208 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Holland Haven Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM212179 }} |
||
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=holland&ID=223|title= Holland Haven|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England| |
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=holland&ID=223|title= Holland Haven|series= Local Nature Reserves|publisher= Natural England|date= 25 January 2016|access-date= 8 June 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806220505/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=holland&ID=223|archive-date= 6 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1006349}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1006349}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006349.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006349.pdf Citation] |
||
|A network of ditches radiates from Holland Brook. These ditches have several nationally scarce aquatic plant species, such as [[brackish water crowfoot]] and [[divided sedge]]. There are also rare invertebrates, including one on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]], the soldier fly [[Stratiomys singularior]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006349.pdf|title=Holland Haven Marshes citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|A network of ditches radiates from Holland Brook. These ditches have several nationally scarce aquatic plant species, such as [[brackish water crowfoot]] and [[divided sedge]]. There are also rare invertebrates, including one on the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|Red List of Threatened Species]], the soldier fly [[Stratiomys singularior]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006349.pdf|title= Holland Haven Marshes citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 8 June 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002110/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006349.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Holland-on-Sea Cliff]] |
! scope="row"|[[Holland-on-Sea Cliff]] |
||
Line 618: | Line 620: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Clacton-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.804|1.206 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Holland-On-Sea Cliff }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM211166 }} |
| [[Clacton-on-Sea]]<br/>{{coord| 51.804|1.206 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Holland-On-Sea Cliff }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM211166 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2513|title=Holland-on-Sea Cliff (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2513|title= Holland-on-Sea Cliff (Quaternary of the Thames)|publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date= 28 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806221530/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2513|archive-date= 6 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1005801}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1005801}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005801.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002555/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005801.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is the [[type locality (geology)|type site]] for the "Lower Holland Gravel", which was laid down by the [[River Thames]] before the river was diverted south during the [[Anglian glaciation]] around 450,000 years ago, and also for the "Upper Thames Gravel", which was deposited when the Thames was blocked by ice.<ref name=hollandsssi>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005801.pdf |title=Holland-on-Sea Cliff citation|series= |
|This is the [[type locality (geology)|type site]] for the "Lower Holland Gravel", which was laid down by the [[River Thames]] before the river was diverted south during the [[Anglian glaciation]] around 450,000 years ago, and also for the "Upper Thames Gravel", which was deposited when the Thames was blocked by ice.<ref name=hollandsssi>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005801.pdf |title=Holland-on-Sea Cliff citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=9 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002555/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005801.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Hunsdon Mead]] |
! scope="row"|[[Hunsdon Mead]] |
||
|[[File: |
|[[File:River Stort and its wetlands at Hunsdon Mead, Hertfordshire.jpg|100px|alt=Hunsdon Mead]] |
||
|align="center"|{{y}} |
|align="center"|{{y}} |
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| |
| |
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Line 630: | Line 632: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Harlow]]<br/>{{coord| 51.779|0.054 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hunsdon Mead }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL418109 }} |
| [[Harlow]]<br/>{{coord| 51.779|0.054 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Hunsdon Mead }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL418109 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/hunsdon-mead |title= Hunsdon Mead Nature Reserve |publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/hunsdon-mead |title= Hunsdon Mead Nature Reserve |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 2 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160611034815/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/hunsdon-mead |archive-date= 11 June 2016 }}</ref> [[HMWT]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hertswildlifetrust.org.uk/reserves/hunsdon-and-eastwick-meads |title= Hunsdon and Eastwick Meads |publisher= Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 2 August 2016 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160914185534/http://www.hertswildlifetrust.org.uk/reserves/hunsdon-and-eastwick-meads |archive-date= 14 September 2016 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003531}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003531}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003531.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023953/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003531.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is unimproved grassland which is subject to winter flooding. Notable grass species include [[meadow brome]] and the [[quaking grass]] [[ |
|This is unimproved grassland which is subject to winter flooding. Notable grass species include [[Bromus commutatus|meadow brome]] and the [[quaking grass]] ''[[Briza media]]'', and there are other unusual flora such as [[pepper saxifrage]] and [[green-winged orchid]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003531.pdf |title=Hunsdon Mead citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=22 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023953/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003531.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|I}}[[Inner Thames Marshes]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|I}}[[Inner Thames Marshes]] |
||
Line 642: | Line 644: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Purfleet]]<br/>{{coord| 51.500|0.204 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Inner Thames Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ531802 }} |
| [[Purfleet]]<br/>{{coord| 51.500|0.204 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Inner Thames Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ531802 }} |
||
|[[RSPB]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/r/rainhammarshes/about.aspx|title=Rainham Marshes|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds| |
|[[RSPB]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/r/rainhammarshes/about.aspx|title=Rainham Marshes|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|access-date=15 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309182316/http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/r/rainhammarshes/about.aspx|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1001732}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001732}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001732.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080124/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001732.pdf Citation] |
||
|The marshes have a diverse bird population, including internationally important numbers of wintering [[Eurasian teal|teal]]. There are nationally scarce invertebrates such as the water beetles ''[[agabus conspersus]]'' and ''[[haliplus apicalis]]'', the [[scarce emerald damselfly]], and the meniscus midge ''[[dixella attica]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001732.pdf |title=Inner Thames Marshes citation|series= |
|The marshes have a diverse bird population, including internationally important numbers of wintering [[Eurasian teal|teal]]. There are nationally scarce invertebrates such as the water beetles ''[[agabus conspersus]]'' and ''[[haliplus apicalis]]'', the [[scarce emerald damselfly]], and the meniscus midge ''[[dixella attica]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001732.pdf |title=Inner Thames Marshes citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=2 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080124/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001732.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|L}}[[Lion Pit]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|L}}[[Lion Pit]] |
||
Line 653: | Line 655: | ||
| <small style="font-size:85%;"> {{convert| 2.4 |ha|acre |sortable=on}}</small> |
| <small style="font-size:85%;"> {{convert| 2.4 |ha|acre |sortable=on}}</small> |
||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Grays]]<br/>{{coord| 51.479| 0.298 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Lion Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ597781 }} |
| [[Grays, Essex|Grays]]<br/>{{coord| 51.479| 0.298 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Lion Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ597781 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref name=grays/><ref name=graysmap/> [[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=530 |title= Lion Pit Tramway Cutting (West Thurrock) (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref name=grays/><ref name=graysmap/> [[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=530 |title= Lion Pit Tramway Cutting (West Thurrock) (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806221421/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=530 |archive-date= 6 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004015}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004015}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004015.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004015.pdf Citation] |
||
|Evidence has been found on this site of [[flint-knapping]] using the [[Levallois technique]] by [[Neanderthals]] 200,000 years ago, and it has even been possible to fit back together some of the flint flakes. Fossils have been found of mammals including, rhinoceros, bison, mammoth and [[straight-tusked elephant]].<ref name=lion>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004015.pdf |
|Evidence has been found on this site of [[flint-knapping]] using the [[Levallois technique]] by [[Neanderthals]] 200,000 years ago, and it has even been possible to fit back together some of the flint flakes. Fossils have been found of mammals including, rhinoceros, bison, mammoth and [[straight-tusked elephant]].<ref name=lion>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004015.pdf|title=Lion Pit citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=3 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232909/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004015.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Little Hallingbury Marsh]] |
! scope="row"|[[Little Hallingbury Marsh]] |
||
Line 669: | Line 671: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1005851}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1005851}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005851.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005851.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is unimproved wet grassland and fen, which contains uncommon and declining swamp plant species. The site is also of interest for |
|The site is unimproved wet grassland and fen, which contains uncommon and declining swamp plant species. The site is also of interest for overwintering birds and aquatic insects, especially dragonflies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005851.pdf|title=Little Hallingbury Marsh citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=18 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025349/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005851.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Little Oakley Channel Deposit]] |
! scope="row"|[[Little Oakley Channel Deposit]] |
||
Line 678: | Line 680: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Little Oakley, Essex|Little Oakley]]<br/>{{coord| 51.921|1.231|type:landmark_region:GB|name= Little Oakley Channel Deposit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM223296 }} |
| [[Little Oakley, Essex|Little Oakley]]<br/>{{coord| 51.921|1.231|type:landmark_region:GB|name= Little Oakley Channel Deposit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM223296 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1852 |title= Little Oakley (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee| |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1852 |title= Little Oakley (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806221319/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1852 |archive-date= 6 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1001089}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001089}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001089.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001089.pdf Citation] |
||
|This site exposed a former channel of the [[River Thames]] during an [[interglacial]] period around 575,000 years ago. Many fossils were found, including rhinoceros and an extensive pollen record, allowing geologists to reconstruct the fauna and flora.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Little+Oakley+Channel+SSSI/o/Little+Oakley+Channel+SSSI|title=Little Oakley Channel SSSI|publisher=The Essex Field Club| |
|This site exposed a former channel of the [[River Thames]] during an [[interglacial]] period around 575,000 years ago. Many fossils were found, including rhinoceros and an extensive pollen record, allowing geologists to reconstruct the fauna and flora.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Little+Oakley+Channel+SSSI/o/Little+Oakley+Channel+SSSI|title=Little Oakley Channel SSSI|publisher=The Essex Field Club|access-date=4 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817050941/http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Little+Oakley+Channel+SSSI/o/Little+Oakley+Channel+SSSI|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 691: | Line 693: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Maldon, Essex|Maldon]]<br/>{{coord| 51.75|0.699 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Lofts Farm Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL864091 }} |
| [[Maldon, Essex|Maldon]]<br/>{{coord| 51.75|0.699 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Lofts Farm Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL864091 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=3011 |title= Great Totham (Lofts Farm Pit) (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=3011 |title= Great Totham (Lofts Farm Pit) (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806223239/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=3011 |archive-date= 6 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|2000057}} |
|{{Nature on the map|2000057}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000057.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000057.pdf Citation] |
||
|Many fossils have been found dating to the [[Last glacial period|last Ice Age]], 110,000 to 12,000 years ago. Finds included [[reindeer]], [[woolly mammoth]] and [[woolly rhinoceros]]. The site is in the "Blackwater Terrace Gravel", dating to a time when the [[River Blackwater, Essex|River Blackwater]] was a tributary of the Thames-Medway River.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Lofts+Farm+Pit+SSSI/o/Lofts+Farm+Pit+SSSI|title=Lofts Farm Pit SSSI, Great Totham|publisher=The Essex Field Club| |
|Many fossils have been found dating to the [[Last glacial period|last Ice Age]], 110,000 to 12,000 years ago. Finds included [[reindeer]], [[woolly mammoth]] and [[woolly rhinoceros]]. The site is in the "Blackwater Terrace Gravel", dating to a time when the [[River Blackwater, Essex|River Blackwater]] was a tributary of the Thames-Medway River.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Lofts+Farm+Pit+SSSI/o/Lofts+Farm+Pit+SSSI|title=Lofts Farm Pit SSSI, Great Totham|publisher=The Essex Field Club|access-date=10 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817095808/http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Lofts+Farm+Pit+SSSI/o/Lofts+Farm+Pit+SSSI|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|M}}[[Maldon Cutting]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|M}}[[Maldon Cutting]] |
||
Line 703: | Line 705: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Maldon, Essex|Maldon]]<br/>{{coord| 51.729|0.664 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Maldon Cutting }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL841067 }} |
| [[Maldon, Essex|Maldon]]<br/>{{coord| 51.729|0.664 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Maldon Cutting }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL841067 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1881|title= Maldon Railway Cutting (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1881|title= Maldon Railway Cutting (Quaternary of the Thames)|publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date= 28 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806221426/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1881|archive-date= 6 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1000995}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1000995}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000995.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000995.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is a former railway cutting which is the [[Type locality (geology)|type locality]] for the Maldon Till, which dates to the [[Pleistocene]] ice age. It was previously thought to represent a separate advance of the ice sheet, but in the light of later work it was concluded that it is an outlier of the till which covers much of central and northern Essex.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Maldon+Railway+Cutting+SSSI/o/Maldon+Railway+Cutting+SSSI|title=Maldon Railway Cutting SSSI|publisher=The Essex Field Club| |
|The site is a former railway cutting which is the [[Type locality (geology)|type locality]] for the Maldon Till, which dates to the [[Pleistocene]] ice age. It was previously thought to represent a separate advance of the ice sheet, but in the light of later work it was concluded that it is an outlier of the till which covers much of central and northern Essex.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Maldon+Railway+Cutting+SSSI/o/Maldon+Railway+Cutting+SSSI|title=Maldon Railway Cutting SSSI|publisher=The Essex Field Club|access-date=10 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817111114/http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Maldon+Railway+Cutting+SSSI/o/Maldon+Railway+Cutting+SSSI|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Marks Tey Brickpit]] |
! scope="row"|[[Marks Tey Brickpit]] |
||
Line 715: | Line 717: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Marks Tey]]<br/>{{coord| 51.883|0.775 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Marks Tey Brickpit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL911242 }} |
| [[Marks Tey]]<br/>{{coord| 51.883|0.775 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Marks Tey Brickpit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL911242 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=618 |title= Marks Tey (Quaternary of East Anglia) |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee| |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=618 |title= Marks Tey (Quaternary of East Anglia) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806222814/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=618 |archive-date= 6 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004027}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004027}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004027.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004027.pdf Citation] |
||
|This site has a record of pollen throughout the [[Hoxnian Stage|Hoxnian]] [[interglacial]] around 400,000 years ago, and this is the best vegetational record for any British interglacial site. Seasonal layers in lake sediments have made it possible to estimate the duration of the Hoxnian.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004027.pdf|title=Marks Tey Brickpit citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|This site has a record of pollen throughout the [[Hoxnian Stage|Hoxnian]] [[interglacial]] around 400,000 years ago, and this is the best vegetational record for any British interglacial site. Seasonal layers in lake sediments have made it possible to estimate the duration of the Hoxnian.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004027.pdf|title= Marks Tey Brickpit citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 5 July 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030631/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004027.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Mill Meadows, Billericay]] |
! scope="row"|[[Mill Meadows, Billericay]] |
||
Line 727: | Line 729: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Billericay]]<br/>{{coord| 51.621|0.427 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Mill Meadows, Billericay }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TQ681941 }} |
| [[Billericay]]<br/>{{coord| 51.621|0.427 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Mill Meadows, Billericay }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TQ681941 }} |
||
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=&ID=1323 |
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=&ID=1323|title=Mill Meadows|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England|date=27 February 2013|access-date=17 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316084528/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=&ID=1323|archive-date=16 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|2000373}} |
|{{Nature on the map|2000373}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000373.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000373.pdf Citation] |
||
|Five sloping fields on [[London Clay]] are separated by old hedge lines. Some areas are wet, and the main grasses are [[red fescue]] and [[common bent]]. Flowers include [[harebell]] and [[common spotted orchid]], and there are herbs such as [[Conopodium majus|pignut]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000373.pdf|title=Mill Meadows, Billericay citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|Five sloping fields on [[London Clay]] are separated by old hedge lines. Some areas are wet, and the main grasses are [[red fescue]] and [[common bent]]. Flowers include [[harebell]] and [[common spotted orchid]], and there are herbs such as [[Conopodium majus|pignut]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000373.pdf|title= Mill Meadows, Billericay citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 12 June 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032756/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000373.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Mucking Flats and Marshes]] |
! scope="row"|[[Mucking Flats and Marshes]] |
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|PP |
|PP |
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| [[Tilbury]]<br/>{{coord| 51.485|0.444 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Mucking Flats and Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ698791 }} |
| [[Tilbury]]<br/>{{coord| 51.485|0.444 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Mucking Flats and Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ698791 }} |
||
|[[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/thames-estuary-and-marshes|title= |
|[[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/thames-estuary-and-marshes|title=Thames Estuary and Marshes|publisher=The Ramsar Convention Secretariat|access-date=3 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820125059/http://www.ramsar.org/thames-estuary-and-marshes|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2042 |title=Thames Estuary and Marshes |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date=3 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818151535/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2042 |archive-date=18 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1006131}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1006131}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006131.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006131.pdf Citation] |
||
|Wildfowl and waders feed and roost on the mudflats and marshes, with internationally important numbers of [[ringed plover]], and nationally significant [[Common shelduck|shelducks]], [[grey plover]]s, [[dunlin]]s, [[black-tailed godwit]]s and [[Common redshank|redshank]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006131.pdf |
|Wildfowl and waders feed and roost on the mudflats and marshes, with internationally important numbers of [[ringed plover]], and nationally significant [[Common shelduck|shelducks]], [[grey plover]]s, [[dunlin]]s, [[black-tailed godwit]]s and [[Common redshank|redshank]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006131.pdf|title=Mucking Flats and Marshes citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=3 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030736/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006131.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|N}}{{sortname|The| Naze|The Naze SSSI}} |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|N}}{{sortname|The| Naze|The Naze SSSI}} |
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Line 751: | Line 753: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Walton-on-the-Naze]]<br/>{{coord| 51.865|1.290 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= The Naze }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM266236 }} |
| [[Walton-on-the-Naze]]<br/>{{coord| 51.865|1.290 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= The Naze }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM266236 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=576 |title= Walton-on-the-Naze (Aves) |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee| |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=576 |title= Walton-on-the-Naze (Aves) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 24 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160804022628/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=576 |archive-date= 4 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004220}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004220}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004220.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042218/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004220.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is the [[type locality (geology)|type site]] for the [[Waltonian]], the first British stage of the [[Pleistocene]]. It also has many plant and bird fossils dating to the [[Eocene]], and it is described by [[Natural England]] as important in the study of avian evolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004220.pdf |title=The Naze citation|series= |
|This is the [[type locality (geology)|type site]] for the [[Waltonian]], the first British stage of the [[Pleistocene]]. It also has many plant and bird fossils dating to the [[Eocene]], and it is described by [[Natural England]] as important in the study of avian evolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004220.pdf |title=The Naze citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=5 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042218/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004220.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Newney Green Pit]] |
! scope="row"|[[Newney Green Pit]] |
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Line 763: | Line 765: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[Writtle]]<br/>{{coord| 51.732|0.385 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Newney Green Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL648064 }} |
| [[Writtle]]<br/>{{coord| 51.732|0.385 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Newney Green Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL648064 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=848 |title= Newney Green Quarry (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=848 |title= Newney Green Quarry (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806222809/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=848 |archive-date= 6 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003975}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003975}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003975.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003975.pdf Citation] |
||
|This former quarry exposed the Kesgrave ([[Thames]]) Gravel, dating to the [[Cromerian stage|Cromerian]] [[interglacial]] around 500,000 years ago. Higher layers displayed the transition from this warm period to the succeeding severe [[Anglian stage|Anglian]] ice age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003975.pdf |
|This former quarry exposed the Kesgrave ([[Thames]]) Gravel, dating to the [[Cromerian stage|Cromerian]] [[interglacial]] around 500,000 years ago. Higher layers displayed the transition from this warm period to the succeeding severe [[Anglian stage|Anglian]] ice age.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003975.pdf|title= Newney Green Pit citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 30 July 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043607/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003975.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Norsey Wood]] |
! scope="row"|[[Norsey Wood]] |
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Line 775: | Line 777: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
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| [[Billericay]]<br/>{{coord| 51.632|0.436 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Norsey Wood }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ687954 }} |
| [[Billericay]]<br/>{{coord| 51.632|0.436 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Norsey Wood }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ687954 }} |
||
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]],<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|[[Local nature reserve|LNR]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=norsey&ID=312|title=Norsey Wood|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England|date=27 February 2013|access-date=5 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820051757/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=norsey&ID=312|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref> [[Scheduled monument|SM]]<ref name=norseysm>{{cite web|url= https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1019485|title= Multi-period site at Norsey Wood|publisher= Historic England|access-date= 5 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160812024304/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1019485|archive-date= 12 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1001833}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001833}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001833.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001833.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is ancient oak woodland on acid soil which has been converted to mixed [[sweet chestnut]] coppice. There are [[sphagnum moss]]es in acidic flushes, and the rare [[water violet]] in one of the four ponds. There are nine species of dragonfly.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001833.pdf|title=Norsey Wood citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|This is ancient oak woodland on acid soil which has been converted to mixed [[sweet chestnut]] coppice. There are [[sphagnum moss]]es in acidic flushes, and the rare [[water violet]] in one of the four ponds. There are nine species of dragonfly.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001833.pdf|title= Norsey Wood citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 5 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050236/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001833.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> Archaeological features include a [[Bronze Age]] [[bowl barrow]].<ref name=norseysm/> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Nunn Wood]] |
! scope="row"|[[Nunn Wood]] |
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Line 790: | Line 792: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1001956}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001956}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001956.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001956.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is an ancient coppice wood on chalky boulder clay. It is mainly hornbeam with other trees such as [[pedunculate oak]], ash and field maple. Flowers include the nationally uncommon [[oxlip]], and one of the largest colonies of [[early purple orchid]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001956.pdf|title=Nunn Wood citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The site is an ancient coppice wood on chalky boulder clay. It is mainly hornbeam with other trees such as [[pedunculate oak]], ash and field maple. Flowers include the nationally uncommon [[oxlip]], and one of the largest colonies of [[early purple orchid]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001956.pdf|title= Nunn Wood citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 16 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061021/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001956.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|P}}[[Pitsea Marsh]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|P}}[[Pitsea Marsh]] |
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Line 802: | Line 804: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1004095}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004095}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004095.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004095.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site has a variety of habitats, such as grassland, scrub, reedbed, fen, ponds and saltmarsh. Dykes and ponds support the scarce [[emerald damselfly]], and other rare invertebrates include [[Roesel's bush-cricket]] and the [[hoverfly]] ''[[xanthandrus comtus]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004095.pdf|title=Pitsea Marsh citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The site has a variety of habitats, such as grassland, scrub, reedbed, fen, ponds and saltmarsh. Dykes and ponds support the scarce [[emerald damselfly]], and other rare invertebrates include [[Roesel's bush-cricket]] and the [[hoverfly]] ''[[xanthandrus comtus]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004095.pdf|title= Pitsea Marsh citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 1 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030311/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004095.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Purfleet Chalk Pits]] |
! scope="row"|[[Purfleet Chalk Pits]] |
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Line 811: | Line 813: | ||
|PP |
|PP |
||
| [[Purfleet]]<br/>{{coord| 51.483|0.25 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Purfleet Chalk Pits }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ563784 }} |
| [[Purfleet]]<br/>{{coord| 51.483|0.25 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Purfleet Chalk Pits }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ563784 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=643|title=Purfleet: Bluelands, Greenlands, Esso and Botany Pits |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=643|title= Purfleet: Bluelands, Greenlands, Esso and Botany Pits|publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date= 1 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160601200359/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=643|archive-date= 1 June 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004009}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004009}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004009.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004009.pdf Citation] |
||
|The chalk pits expose sands and gravels which are associated with the ancient course of the [[River Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004009.pdf|title=Purfleet Chalk Pits citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The chalk pits expose sands and gravels which are associated with the ancient course of the [[River Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004009.pdf|title= Purfleet Chalk Pits citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 1 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304004127/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004009.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> The site has been occupied by early humans at several different periods,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Purfleet+Chalk+Pits+SSSI/o/Purfleet+Chalk+Pits+SSSI|title=Purfleet Chalk Pits SSSI, Thurrock District, TQ569786, Site of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Essex Field Club|access-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629130917/http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Purfleet+Chalk+Pits+SSSI/o/Purfleet+Chalk+Pits+SSSI|archive-date=29 June 2016}}</ref> and [[Marine isotope stage|MIS9]], between about 335,000 and 280,000 years ago, is often informally called the Purfleet interglacial.<ref>{{cite book|title=The British Palaeolithic: Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World|first1=Paul|last1=Pettit|first2=Mark|last2=White|publisher=Routledge|page=106|year=2012|location=Abingdon, UK|isbn=978-0-415-67455-3}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Purfleet Road, Aveley]] |
! scope="row"|[[Purfleet Road, Aveley]] |
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Line 826: | Line 828: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|2000268}} |
|{{Nature on the map|2000268}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000268.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000268.pdf Citation] |
||
|This site dates to the [[interglacial]] period, [[Marine isotope stage|MIS7]], around 200,000 years ago. It has yielded mollusc insect and mammal fossils, including the first [[jungle cat]] discovered in Britain.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Aveley,+Purfleet+Road+SSSI/o/Aveley,+Purfleet+Road+SSSI |title= Aveley, Purfleet Road SSSI, AVELEY, Thurrock District, TQ555798, Site of Special Scientific Interest |
|This site dates to the [[interglacial]] period, [[Marine isotope stage|MIS7]], around 200,000 years ago. It has yielded mollusc insect and mammal fossils, including the first [[jungle cat]] discovered in Britain.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Aveley,+Purfleet+Road+SSSI/o/Aveley,+Purfleet+Road+SSSI |title= Aveley, Purfleet Road SSSI, AVELEY, Thurrock District, TQ555798, Site of Special Scientific Interest |publisher= Essex Field Club |access-date= 1 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160629130730/http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Aveley,+Purfleet+Road+SSSI/o/Aveley,+Purfleet+Road+SSSI |archive-date= 29 June 2016 }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|{{Anchor|Q}}[[Quendon Wood]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|Q}}[[Quendon Wood]] |
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Line 838: | Line 840: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1004118}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004118}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004118.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004118.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site has ancient coppiced woods with a rich variety of fauna on different types of soil. It is mainly [[pedunculate oak]]/hornbeam woodland, with some areas having ash/maple, and others the rare birch/hazel variant. Plants in the understorey include [[wild daffodil]]s and [[herb-paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004118.pdf|title=Quendon Wood citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The site has ancient coppiced woods with a rich variety of fauna on different types of soil. It is mainly [[pedunculate oak]]/hornbeam woodland, with some areas having ash/maple, and others the rare birch/hazel variant. Plants in the understorey include [[wild daffodil]]s and [[herb-paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004118.pdf|title= Quendon Wood citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 24 April 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000222/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004118.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|{{Anchor|R}}[[Riddles Wood]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|R}}[[Riddles Wood]] |
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Line 849: | Line 851: | ||
| |
| |
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|{{Nature on the map|1002665}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002665}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002665.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232504/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002665.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site has varied ancient pedunculate oak and hazel in some areas and oak and hornbeam in others, as well as chestnut coppice. The soils are glacial gravels in the west and [[London Clay]] in the east. Flower include the rare [[orpine]].<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|The site has varied ancient pedunculate oak and hazel in some areas and oak and hornbeam in others, as well as chestnut coppice. The soils are glacial gravels in the west and [[London Clay]] in the east. Flower include the rare [[orpine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002665.pdf |title=Riddles Wood citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=9 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232504/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002665.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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! scope="row"|[[River Ter SSSI|River Ter]] |
! scope="row"|[[River Ter SSSI|River Ter]] |
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Line 859: | Line 861: | ||
|PP |
|PP |
||
| [[Great Leighs]]<br/>{{coord| 51.813|0.18 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= River Ter }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL737157 }} |
| [[Great Leighs]]<br/>{{coord| 51.813|0.18 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= River Ter }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL737157 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2869|title= River Ter at Lyons Hall (Fluvial Geomorphology of England) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2869|title= River Ter at Lyons Hall (Fluvial Geomorphology of England)|publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date= 28 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806221430/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2869|archive-date= 6 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|2000058}} |
|{{Nature on the map|2000058}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000058.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000058.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is a stretch of the [[River Ter]] and its banks which is representative of a type of lowland stream on [[glacial till]], with a low base flow but high flood peaks, and other features such as [[pool-riffle sequences]] and bank erosion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000058.pdf |
|The site is a stretch of the [[River Ter]] and its banks which is representative of a type of lowland stream on [[glacial till]], with a low base flow but high flood peaks, and other features such as [[pool-riffle sequences]] and bank erosion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000058.pdf|title=River Ter citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001756/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000058.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Roding Valley Meadows]] |
! scope="row"|[[Roding Valley Meadows]] |
||
Line 871: | Line 873: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Chigwell]]<br/>{{coord| 51.638|0.074 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Roding Valley Meadows }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ436953 }} |
| [[Chigwell]]<br/>{{coord| 51.638|0.074 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Roding Valley Meadows }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TQ436953 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/roding-valley-meadows |title= Roding Valley Meadows |publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/roding-valley-meadows |title= Roding Valley Meadows |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 6 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160611045646/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/roding-valley-meadows |archive-date= 11 June 2016 }}</ref> [[Local nature reserve|LNR]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=roding&ID=369|title=Roding Valley Meadows|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England|date=16 March 2016|access-date=6 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014054431/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=roding&ID=369|archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002138}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002138}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002138.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002138.pdf Citation] |
||
|The meadows are bordered to the south west by the [[River Roding]]. They form one of the largest areas of grassland in Essex which are traditionally managed as hay meadows, flood meadows and marshland. Plants include the largest beds in Essex of the rare [[Carex disticha|brown sedge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002138%27 |
|The meadows are bordered to the south west by the [[River Roding]]. They form one of the largest areas of grassland in Essex which are traditionally managed as hay meadows, flood meadows and marshland. Plants include the largest beds in Essex of the rare [[Carex disticha|brown sedge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002138%27|title=Roding Valley Meadows citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=6 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040516/http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002138%27|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Roman River SSSI|Roman River]] |
! scope="row"|[[Roman River SSSI|Roman River]] |
||
Line 886: | Line 888: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1002950}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002950}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002950.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002950.pdf Citation] |
||
|There are areas of woodland, grassland, fen, scrub and heath. The woodland, which is mainly ancient, has over a thousand species of moths and butterflies, and nearly seventy of breeding birds, including [[hawfinch]]es, [[tree pipit]]s and [[Western yellow wagtail|yellow wagtail]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002950.pdf|title=Roman River citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|There are areas of woodland, grassland, fen, scrub and heath. The woodland, which is mainly ancient, has over a thousand species of moths and butterflies, and nearly seventy of breeding birds, including [[hawfinch]]es, [[tree pipit]]s and [[Western yellow wagtail|yellow wagtail]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002950.pdf|title= Roman River citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 6 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045344/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002950.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|S}}[[Sandbeach Meadows]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|S}}[[Sandbeach Meadows]] |
||
Line 898: | Line 900: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1001191}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001191}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001191.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001191.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is almost the only survivor of the formerly extensive [[Dengie Peninsula|Dengie]] grazing marshes, and in the winter it supports a nationally important population of [[Brant goose|dark-bellied brent geese]]. Several ditches have meanders which survive from when they were salt-marsh creeks.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001191.pdf|title=Sandbeach Meadows citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The site is almost the only survivor of the formerly extensive [[Dengie Peninsula|Dengie]] grazing marshes, and in the winter it supports a nationally important population of [[Brant goose|dark-bellied brent geese]]. Several ditches have meanders which survive from when they were salt-marsh creeks.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001191.pdf|title= Sandbeach Meadows citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 17 July 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062708/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001191.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[St Osyth Pit]] |
! scope="row"|[[St Osyth Pit]] |
||
Line 907: | Line 909: | ||
|NO |
|NO |
||
| [[St Osyth]]<br/>{{coord| 51.811|1.073 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= St Osyth Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM119170 }} |
| [[St Osyth]]<br/>{{coord| 51.811|1.073 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= St Osyth Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM119170 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=531 |title= St Osyth Gravel Pit (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee| |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=531 |title= St Osyth Gravel Pit (Quaternary of the Thames) |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 28 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160806222259/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=531 |archive-date= 6 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1002161}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002161}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002161.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002161.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site has a succession of deposits which throw light of the diversion of the [[River Thames]] south to its present course during the [[Anglian stage|Anglian Ice Age]] around 450,000 years ago, including fine gravel deposited during a brief period when the Thames was blocked by ice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002161.pdf |
|The site has a succession of deposits which throw light of the diversion of the [[River Thames]] south to its present course during the [[Anglian stage|Anglian Ice Age]] around 450,000 years ago, including fine gravel deposited during a brief period when the Thames was blocked by ice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002161.pdf|title=St Osyth Pit citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=9 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071249/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002161.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey]] |
! scope="row"|[[Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey]] |
||
Line 919: | Line 921: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Wrabness]]<br/>{{coord| 51.937|1.189 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM193313 }} |
| [[Wrabness]]<br/>{{coord| 51.937|1.189 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM193313 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/copperas-wood |title= Copperas Wood |publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/copperas-wood |title= Copperas Wood |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 6 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160819214836/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/copperas-wood |archive-date= 19 August 2016 }}</ref> [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|RSPB]],<ref name=stourrspb>{{cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/s/stourestuary/about.aspx|title=Stour Estuary|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|access-date=6 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105846/http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/s/stourestuary/about.aspx|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> [[Suffolk Coast and Heaths|SAONB]],<ref name=aonb/> [[Woodland Trust|WT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/wood/4050/stour-wood/|title=Stour Wood|publisher=Woodland Trust|access-date=6 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809131610/https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/wood/4050/stour-wood/|archive-date=9 August 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004155}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004155}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004155.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20151005232813/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004155.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is ancient coppiced woodland on the southern shore of Stour Estuary, and is the only area in the county where woodland and coastal habitats meet. The dominant tree is [[Castanea sativa|chestnut]], with a ground layer of bramble. Other plants include [[yellow archangel]] and [[dog's mercury]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004155.pdf |title=Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey citation|series= |
|The site is ancient coppiced woodland on the southern shore of Stour Estuary, and is the only area in the county where woodland and coastal habitats meet. The dominant tree is [[Castanea sativa|chestnut]], with a ground layer of bramble. Other plants include [[yellow archangel]] and [[dog's mercury]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004155.pdf |title=Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=6 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005232813/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004155.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2015 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Stour Estuary]] |
! scope="row"|[[Stour Estuary]] |
||
Line 931: | Line 933: | ||
|PP |
|PP |
||
| [[Wrabness]]<br/>{{coord| 51.95|1.16 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Stour Estuary }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM173327 }} |
| [[Wrabness]]<br/>{{coord| 51.95|1.16 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Stour Estuary }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM173327 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/wrabness|title= Wrabness Nature Reserve |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/wrabness|title= Wrabness Nature Reserve|publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date= 6 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160619031840/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/wrabness|archive-date= 19 June 2016}}</ref> [[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=761|title= Wrabness (Tertiary Palaeobotany)|publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date= 6 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160819230142/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=761|archive-date= 19 August 2016}}</ref> [[Local nature reserve|LNR]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=15&N=&ID=519|title=Wrabness|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England|date=16 March 2016|access-date=6 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820153458/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=15&N=&ID=519|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref> [[Nature Conservation Review|NCR]],<ref>{{cite book|page=9|first=Derek|last=Ratcliffe|title=A Nature Conservation Review|year=1977|volume=2|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21403-2}}</ref> [[Ramsar site|Ramsar]],<ref name=Ramsar/> [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|RSPB]],<ref name=stourrspb/> [[Suffolk Coast and Heaths|SAONB]],<ref name=aonb>{{cite web|url=http://www.suffolkcoastandheaths.org/assets/AONB-Management-Plan-20132018.pdf|page=76|title=Suffolk Coast & Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Management Plan 2013–2018|publisher=Suffolk Coast & Heaths AONB|access-date=6 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815202035/http://www.suffolkcoastandheaths.org/assets/AONB-Management-Plan-20132018.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-15}}</ref> [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2011-theme=default |title= Stour and Orwell Estuaries |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |access-date= 6 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160819201944/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2011-theme=default |archive-date= 19 August 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004172}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004172}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004172.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004172.pdf Citation] |
||
|The estuary is nationally important for thirteen species of wintering wildfowl and three on autumn passage, and also for coastal saltmarsh, sheltered muddy shores, two scarce marine invertebrates, rare plant assemblages and three geological sites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004172.pdf |
|The estuary is nationally important for thirteen species of wintering wildfowl and three on autumn passage, and also for coastal saltmarsh, sheltered muddy shores, two scarce marine invertebrates, rare plant assemblages and three geological sites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004172.pdf|title=Stour Estuary citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=7 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050936/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004172.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|T}}[[Thorndon Park]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|T}}[[Thorndon Park]] |
||
Line 946: | Line 948: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1004248}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004248}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004248.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004248.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is semi-natural woodland and ancient parkland. It has a diverse population of beetles, including one which is rare and threatened in Britain. The parkland has old oak pollards on acid or neutral grassland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004248.pdf |
|The site is semi-natural woodland and ancient parkland. It has a diverse population of beetles, including one which is rare and threatened in Britain. The parkland has old oak pollards on acid or neutral grassland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004248.pdf|title=Thorndon Park citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=7 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041536/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004248.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Thrift Wood|Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers]] |
! scope="row"|[[Thrift Wood|Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers]] |
||
Line 955: | Line 957: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Bicknacre]]<br/>{{coord| 51.686|0.59 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL791018 }} |
| [[Bicknacre]]<br/>{{coord| 51.686|0.59 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL791018 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/thrift-wood |title= Thrift Wood |publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/thrift-wood |title= Thrift Wood |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 7 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160402020400/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/thrift-wood |archive-date= 2 April 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1001113}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1001113}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001113.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001113.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is an ancient semi-natural wood on acid soil. [[Wild service tree]]s and [[Sambucus nigra|elders]] are found in the shrub layer, and a pond has a raised [[sphagnum]] bog. Twenty species of butterfly have been recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001113.pdf |
|The site is an ancient semi-natural wood on acid soil. [[Wild service tree]]s and [[Sambucus nigra|elders]] are found in the shrub layer, and a pond has a raised [[sphagnum]] bog. Twenty species of butterfly have been recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001113.pdf|title=Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=7 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031940/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001113.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Thundersley Great Common]] |
! scope="row"|[[Thundersley Great Common]] |
||
Line 970: | Line 972: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1002282}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1002282}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002282.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002282.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is in two separate areas, and has a variety of grass and heath habitats. There is wet and dry heathland, both unusual in Essex, locally uncommon plants. Ponds which dry up in the summer provide an additional habitat.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002282.pdf|title=Thundersley Great Common citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The site is in two separate areas, and has a variety of grass and heath habitats. There is wet and dry heathland, both unusual in Essex, locally uncommon plants. Ponds which dry up in the summer provide an additional habitat.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002282.pdf|title= Thundersley Great Common citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 7 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053835/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002282.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Tiptree Heath Nature Reserve|Tiptree Heath]] |
! scope="row"|[[Tiptree Heath Nature Reserve|Tiptree Heath]] |
||
Line 979: | Line 981: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Tiptree]]<br/>{{coord| 51.798|0.728 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Tiptree Heath }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL882146 }} |
| [[Tiptree]]<br/>{{coord| 51.798|0.728 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Tiptree Heath }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL882146 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref name=EWTtiptree>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/tiptree-heath |title=Tiptree Heath Nature Reserve |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref name=EWTtiptree>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/tiptree-heath |title= Tiptree Heath Nature Reserve |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 8 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160707003231/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/tiptree-heath |archive-date= 7 July 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004264}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004264}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004264.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004264.pdf Citation] |
||
|This is the largest surviving area of heathland in Essex, and has a number of plants rare in the county. It is dominated by [[Calluna|heather]] and [[bent grass]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004264.pdf|title=Tiptree Heath citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|This is the largest surviving area of heathland in Essex, and has a number of plants rare in the county. It is dominated by [[Calluna|heather]] and [[bent grass]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004264.pdf|title= Tiptree Heath citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 8 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061658/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004264.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> A small herd of [[Dexter cattle]] help to control the growth of invasive scrub.<ref name=EWTtiptree/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Turnford and Cheshunt Pits]] |
! scope="row"|[[Turnford and Cheshunt Pits]] |
||
Line 991: | Line 993: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Waltham Abbey (town)|Waltham Abbey]]<br/>{{coord| 51.706|-0.019 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Turnford and Cheshunt Pits}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL370027 }} |
| [[Waltham Abbey (town)|Waltham Abbey]]<br/>{{coord| 51.706|-0.019 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Turnford and Cheshunt Pits}} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TL370027 }} |
||
| [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2047-theme=default|title=Lee Valley|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee| |
| [[Special Protection Area|SPA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2047-theme=default|title=Lee Valley|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date=7 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026182919/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2047-theme=default|archive-date=26 October 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|2000066}} |
|{{Nature on the map|2000066}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000066.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000066.pdf Citation] |
||
|This site includes ten former gravel pits, which are of national importance for wintering [[gadwall]]s and [[Northern shoveler|shoveler]]s. It is also valuable for invertebrates, especially grasshoppers and [[bush-cricket]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000066.pdf |
|This site includes ten former gravel pits, which are of national importance for wintering [[gadwall]]s and [[Northern shoveler|shoveler]]s. It is also valuable for invertebrates, especially grasshoppers and [[bush-cricket]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000066.pdf|title=Turnford & Cheshunt Pits citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=3 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320005733/http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000066.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2009}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|U}}[[Upper Colne Marshes]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|U}}[[Upper Colne Marshes]] |
||
Line 1,006: | Line 1,008: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1006373}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1006373}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006373.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006373.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site has [[grazing marsh]]es, salt tidal marshes, beaches, sea walls and intertidal mud. It has an important assemblage of nationally scarce plants and diverse ditch types. Insects include the nationally scarce [[Roesel's bush-cricket]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006373.pdf|title=Upper Colne Marshes citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The site has [[grazing marsh]]es, salt tidal marshes, beaches, sea walls and intertidal mud. It has an important assemblage of nationally scarce plants and diverse ditch types. Insects include the nationally scarce [[Roesel's bush-cricket]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006373.pdf|title= Upper Colne Marshes citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 8 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073048/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006373.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|V}}[[Vange and Fobbing Marshes]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|V}}[[Vange and Fobbing Marshes]] |
||
Line 1,015: | Line 1,017: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Basildon]]<br/>{{coord| 51.532|0.491 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Vange and Fobbing Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TQ729844 }} {{gbmappingsmall|TQ725867}} |
| [[Basildon]]<br/>{{coord| 51.532|0.491 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Vange and Fobbing Marshes }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TQ729844 }} {{gbmappingsmall|TQ725867}} |
||
|[[RSPB]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/v/vangemarsh/|title=Vange Marsh|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds| |
|[[RSPB]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/v/vangemarsh/|title=Vange Marsh|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|access-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921130311/https://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/seenature/reserves/guide/v/vangemarsh/|archive-date=21 September 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1003849}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1003849}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003849.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003849.pdf Citation] |
||
|The marshes are unimproved coastal grassland, dykes and creeks, with a wide variety of maritime herbs and grasses, some of them nationally rare. The site is the main British location for [[least lettuce]]. Insects with restricted distributions include the [[scarce emerald damselfly]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003849.pdf|title=Vange and Fobbing Marshes citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|The marshes are unimproved coastal grassland, dykes and creeks, with a wide variety of maritime herbs and grasses, some of them nationally rare. The site is the main British location for [[least lettuce]]. Insects with restricted distributions include the [[scarce emerald damselfly]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003849.pdf|title= Vange and Fobbing Marshes citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 8 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075134/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003849.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|W}}[[Waltham Abbey SSSI|Waltham Abbey]] |
! scope="row"|{{Anchor|W}}[[Waltham Abbey SSSI|Waltham Abbey]] |
||
Line 1,030: | Line 1,032: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1004291}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004291}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004291.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004291.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is [[Alnus glutinosa|alder]] woodland on damp soils, with other trees including [[Acer pseudoplatanus|sycamore]], [[Fraxinus excelsior|ash]] and [[crack willow]]. The trees were planted around 1700 to provide charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder, and planting ceased at the time of the [[First World War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004291.pdf |
|The site is [[Alnus glutinosa|alder]] woodland on damp soils, with other trees including [[Acer pseudoplatanus|sycamore]], [[Fraxinus excelsior|ash]] and [[crack willow]]. The trees were planted around 1700 to provide charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder, and planting ceased at the time of the [[First World War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004291.pdf|title=Waltham Abbey citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604093206/http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004291.pdf|archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Weeleyhall Wood]] |
! scope="row"|[[Weeleyhall Wood]] |
||
Line 1,039: | Line 1,041: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Weeley]]<br/>{{coord| 51.845|1.132 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Weeleyhall Wood }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM158209 }} |
| [[Weeley]]<br/>{{coord| 51.845|1.132 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Weeleyhall Wood }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TM158209 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/weeleyhall-wood |title= Weeleyhall Wood |publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/weeleyhall-wood |title= Weeleyhall Wood |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 8 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160720214934/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/weeleyhall-wood |archive-date= 20 July 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1004192}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1004192}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004192.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004192.pdf Citation] |
||
|It has a variety of woodland types, reflecting diverse soils. It is mainly [[pedunculate oak]] over a layer of coppice [[Corylus avellana|hazel]] and [[sweet chestnut]] planted in the nineteenth century. There are two ponds and species-rich damp, grassy rides.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004192.pdf|title=Weeleyhall Wood citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England| |
|It has a variety of woodland types, reflecting diverse soils. It is mainly [[pedunculate oak]] over a layer of coppice [[Corylus avellana|hazel]] and [[sweet chestnut]] planted in the nineteenth century. There are two ponds and species-rich damp, grassy rides.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004192.pdf|title= Weeleyhall Wood citation|series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher= Natural England|access-date= 8 August 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000242/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004192.pdf|archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[West Thurrock Lagoon and Marshes]] |
! scope="row"|[[West Thurrock Lagoon and Marshes]] |
||
Line 1,054: | Line 1,056: | ||
|{{Nature on the map|1006132}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1006132}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006132.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006132.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is important for wintering waders and wildfowl which feed on the mudflats. [[Reed warbler]]s and [[bearded tit]]s breed on reed beds in the lagoon, and [[Eurasian teal|teals]] and [[grey heron]]s roost on the shallow waters and grassy islands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006132.pdf |
|The site is important for wintering waders and wildfowl which feed on the mudflats. [[Reed warbler]]s and [[bearded tit]]s breed on reed beds in the lagoon, and [[Eurasian teal|teals]] and [[grey heron]]s roost on the shallow waters and grassy islands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006132.pdf|title=West Thurrock Lagoon and Marshes citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002718/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006132.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[West Wood, Little Sampford]] |
! scope="row"|[[West Wood, Little Sampford]] |
||
Line 1,063: | Line 1,065: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Thaxted]]<br/>{{coord| 51.974|0.357 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= West Wood, Little Sampford }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL620332 }} |
| [[Thaxted]]<br/>{{coord| 51.974|0.357 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= West Wood, Little Sampford }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL620332 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref name=sampford>{{cite web|url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/west-wood |title= West Wood |publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref name=sampford>{{cite web |url= http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/west-wood |title= West Wood |publisher= Essex Wildlife Trust |access-date= 29 May 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609074622/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/west-wood |archive-date= 9 June 2016 }}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1000418}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1000418}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000418.pdf Citation] |
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000418.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is ancient woodland on chalky boulder clay and sandy loam. There is a rich variety of plants in wetter areas, such as [[oxlip]] and [[meadow-sweet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000418.pdf|title=West Wood, Little Sampford citation|series= |
|The site is ancient woodland on chalky boulder clay and sandy loam. There is a rich variety of plants in wetter areas, such as [[oxlip]] and [[meadow-sweet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000418.pdf|title=West Wood, Little Sampford citation|series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|access-date=29 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234114/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000418.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> There are many species of birds and butterflies, and four ponds which have [[great crested newts]], dragonflies and damselflies.<ref name=sampford/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Wivenhoe Gravel Pit]] |
! scope="row"|[[Wivenhoe Gravel Pit]] |
||
Line 1,075: | Line 1,077: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Wivenhoe]]<br/>{{coord| 51.872|0.977 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Wivenhoe Gravel Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM050235 }} |
| [[Wivenhoe]]<br/>{{coord| 51.872|0.977 |type:landmark_region:GB|name=Wivenhoe Gravel Pit }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall|TM050235 }} |
||
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2511|title= Wivenhoe Gravel Pit (Quaternary of the Thames) |
|[[Geological Conservation Review|GCR]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2511|title= Wivenhoe Gravel Pit (Quaternary of the Thames)|publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee|access-date= 8 May 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160602224739/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=2511|archive-date= 2 June 2016}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1005802}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1005802}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005802.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030720/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005802.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is the type locality for the Wivenhoe Gravel, which was laid down by the [[River Thames]] before it was diverted south to its present course by the [[Anglian glaciation]] around 450,000 years ago. The site is important for establishing the previous course of the Thames.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Wivenhoe+Gravel+Pit+SSSI/o/Wivenhoe+Gravel+Pit+SSSI|title=Wivenhoe Gravel Pit SSSI, Wivenhoe, Tendring District, TM050235, Site of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=The Essex Field Club| |
|The site is the type locality for the Wivenhoe Gravel, which was laid down by the [[River Thames]] before it was diverted south to its present course by the [[Anglian glaciation]] around 450,000 years ago. The site is important for establishing the previous course of the Thames.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Wivenhoe+Gravel+Pit+SSSI/o/Wivenhoe+Gravel+Pit+SSSI|title=Wivenhoe Gravel Pit SSSI, Wivenhoe, Tendring District, TM050235, Site of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=The Essex Field Club|access-date=8 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630075339/http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Geology+Site+Account/s/Wivenhoe+Gravel+Pit+SSSI/o/Wivenhoe+Gravel+Pit+SSSI|archive-date=30 June 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row"|[[Woodham Walter Common SSSI|Woodham Walter Common]] |
! scope="row"|[[Woodham Walter Common SSSI|Woodham Walter Common]] |
||
Line 1,087: | Line 1,089: | ||
|YES |
|YES |
||
| [[Danbury, Essex|Danbury]]<br/>{{coord| 51.729|0.590 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Woodham Walter Common }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL790065 }} |
| [[Danbury, Essex|Danbury]]<br/>{{coord| 51.729|0.590 |type:landmark_region:GB|name= Woodham Walter Common }} <br/> {{gbmappingsmall| TL790065 }} |
||
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/danbury-ridge|title=Danbury Ridge Nature Reserves|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust| |
|[[Essex Wildlife Trust|EWT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/danbury-ridge|title=Danbury Ridge Nature Reserves|publisher=Essex Wildlife Trust|access-date=21 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222113457/http://www.essexwt.org.uk/reserves/danbury-ridge|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> |
||
|{{Nature on the map|1000436}} |
|{{Nature on the map|1000436}} |
||
| [http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000436.pdf Citation] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112021/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000436.pdf Citation] |
||
|The site is on glacial sand and gravel over [[London Clay]]. it has a number of areas of oak and hornbeam woodland on former heathland. It also has two botanically rich valleys, each of which has a stream along it.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
|The site is on glacial sand and gravel over [[London Clay]]. it has a number of areas of oak and hornbeam woodland on former heathland. It also has two botanically rich valleys, each of which has a stream along it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000436.pdf |title=Woodham Walter Common citation |series=Sites of Special Scientific Interest |publisher=Natural England |access-date=21 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112021/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000436.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref> |
||
|} |
|} |
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Line 1,097: | Line 1,099: | ||
*[[Essex Wildlife Trust]] |
*[[Essex Wildlife Trust]] |
||
{{commons category|Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex}} |
{{commons category|Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex}} |
||
== Notes == |
== Notes == |
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{{notelist}} |
{{notelist}} |
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{{SSSIs Essex}} |
{{SSSIs Essex}} |
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{{SSSI AOS lists}} |
{{SSSI AOS lists}} |
||
{{featured list}} |
|||
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex| ]] |
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex| ]] |
||
[[Category:Lists of Sites of Special Scientific Interest by Area of Search|Essex]] |
[[Category:Lists of Sites of Special Scientific Interest by Area of Search|Essex]] |
||
[[Category:Essex-related lists|Sites of Special Scientific Interest]] |
[[Category:Essex-related lists|Sites of Special Scientific Interest]] |
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[[Category:Geology of East of England]] |
Latest revision as of 13:36, 23 August 2024
Essex is a county in the east of England.[1] In the early Anglo-Saxon period it was the Kingdom of the East Saxons, but it gradually came under the control of more powerful kingdoms, and in the ninth century it became part of Wessex.[2] The modern county is bounded by Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Greater London to the south-west, Kent across the River Thames to the south, and the North Sea to the east.[3] It has an area of 1,420 square miles (3,700 km2), with a coastline of 400 miles (640 km),[4] and a population according to the 2011 census of 1,393,600.[5] At the top level of local government are Essex County Council and two unitary authorities, Southend-on-Sea and Thurrock. Under the county council, there are twelve district and borough councils.[6]
In England, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) are designated by Natural England, which is responsible for protecting England's natural environment. Designation as an SSSI gives legal protection to the most important wildlife and geological sites.[7] As of August 2016, there are 86 sites designated in Essex.[8] There are 19 sites with a purely geological interest, and 64 listed for biological interest. A further three sites are designated for both reasons.
The largest is Foulness, which is internationally important for wildfowl and waders, and has 71 nationally rare invertebrate species.[9] The smallest is Holland-on-Sea Cliff, a geological site which throws light on the course of the River Thames before it was diverted south by the Anglian glaciation around 450,000 years ago.[10] Hangman's Wood and Deneholes has deneholes, shafts created by medieval chalk mining which are now used by hibernating bats.[11] Lion Pit is the site of flint-knapping by Neanderthals around 200,000 years ago, and it has been possible to fit back together some of the flint flakes.[12]
Key
[edit]
Interest[edit]
Public access[edit]
Other classifications[edit]
|
|
Sites
[edit]Site name | Photograph | B | G | Area[a] | Public access | Location[a] | Other classifications | Map[b] | Citation[c] | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abberton Reservoir | 718.3 hectares (1,775 acres) | PP | Layer de la Haye 51°49′30″N 0°51′43″E / 51.825°N 0.862°E TL973179 |
EWT,[13] NCR,[14] Ramsar,[15] SPA[16] | Map | Citation | This site is of international significance for wintering wigeons, and nationally important for twelve other waterfowl species, including mute swans, gadwalls, tufted ducks, goldeneyes and goosanders. It is also very unusual in having cormorants nesting in trees.[14] | |||
Ardleigh Gravel Pit | 1.2 hectares (3.0 acres) | PP | Ardleigh 51°54′50″N 0°59′10″E / 51.914°N 0.986°E TM055281 |
GCR[17] | Map | Citation | This site exposes a number of interglacials, including one dated to the Hoxnian Stage around 400,000 years ago, and some much older. It also has a horizon with very rare plant micro-fossils dating to a cold period.[18] | |||
Ashdon Meadows | 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres) | YES | Saffron Walden 52°02′10″N 0°19′05″E / 52.036°N 0.318°E TL591401 |
Map | Citation | The site is unimproved grassland which is used for hay growing, with some areas calcareous and others neutral. It is the only known example of grassland on chalky boulder clay in north-west Essex. Flora includes salad burnet, downy oat-grass and fen bedstraw.[19] | ||||
Basildon Meadows | 6.8 hectares (17 acres) | NO | Basildon 51°33′11″N 0°27′18″E / 51.553°N 0.455°E TQ703867 |
Map | Citation | The site is composed of three unimproved meadows which have a wide variety of herbs. Flowers include the green-winged orchid and yellow rattle, which are rare in Essex. There is also a small pond and scattered scrub.[20] | ||||
Belcher's and Broadfield Woods | 14.4 hectares (36 acres) | YES | Halstead 51°54′32″N 0°37′48″E / 51.909°N 0.630°E TL810267 |
EWT[21][22] | Map | Citation | The site is coppice woodland on chalky boulder clay. There is a variety of woodlands types, such as wet ash and maple, and acid birch, ash and lime. The ground flora includes species which are locally uncommon, including greater butterfly-orchid and bird's-nest orchid.[23] | |||
Benfleet and Southend Marshes | 2,373.7 hectares (5,866 acres) | PP | Southend-on-Sea 51°34′N 0°41′E / 51.57°N 0.68°E TQ859842 |
EWT,[24] LNR,[25] NCR,[26] NNR,[26] Ramsar,[15] SPA[27] | Map | Citation | The marshes and mudflats have internationally important numbers of wildfowl and waders, including the dark-bellied brent goose, grey plover, redshank and knot. Some areas are very important for scarce invertebrates, such as white-letter hairstreak and marbled white butterflies.[26] | |||
Blackwater Estuary | 4,403.5 hectares (10,881 acres) | YES | Maldon 51°44′N 0°49′E / 51.74°N 0.81°E TL943084 |
EWT,[28][29] NCR,[30]NNR,[31] Ramsar,[15] SAC,[32] SPA[33] | Map | Citation | The estuary has internationally important numbers of wintering dark-bellied brent geese, ringed plover and dunlin, and nationally important numbers of nine species. There are sixteen invertebrates on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[30] | |||
Blake's Wood & Lingwood Common | 87.3 hectares (216 acres) | YES | Danbury 51°43′41″N 0°34′01″E / 51.728°N 0.567°E TL774064 |
NT[34] | Map | Citation | This site has a variety of heath, woodland and marsh habitats, and four of the woodland types are unusual in Britain. The woodlands have diverse bird species, and two unusual moths, the silver barred and rosy marbled, have been recorded on the common.[34] | |||
Bovingdon Hall Woods | 71.3 hectares (176 acres) | NO | Braintree 51°55′41″N 0°33′18″E / 51.928°N 0.555°E TL758286 |
Map | Citation | The site is coppice woodland of medieval origin on chalky boulder clay. It has unusual woodland types, such as small-leaved lime and plateau alder. Other trees include sessile and peduculate oak, ash, maple and hornbeam, with occasional wild service tree.[35] | ||||
Bullock Wood | 23.5 hectares (58 acres) | NO | Colchester 51°54′43″N 0°56′02″E / 51.912°N 0.934°E TM019278 |
Map | Citation | The site is mature coppice with a wide variety of trees. The main woodland type is hazel and sessile oak, which is rare nationally. The understorey is mainly coppiced hazel, and the ground flora is dominated by bramble and bracken.[36] | ||||
Canvey Wick | 93.2 hectares (230 acres) | YES | Canvey Island 51°31′19″N 0°32′10″E / 51.522°N 0.536°E TQ760834 |
Buglife,[37] RSPB[37] | Map | Citation | Canvey Wick has a nationally important population of invertebrates, including 22 on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and three which had been recorded as extinct in Britain. It also has a nationally important population of shrill carder bees. Scrub edges provide additional habitats.[38] | |||
Cattawade Marshes | 89.2 hectares (220 acres) | NO | Manningtree 51°57′18″N 1°02′24″E / 51.955°N 1.040°E TM090329 |
DVAONB,[39] Ramsar,[40] RSPB,[41] SPA[39] | Map | Citation | The site is a marsh area between two arms of the River Stour. It is of major importance for breeding birds, especially waders and wildfowl, such as Shoveler, Teal, Tufted Duck and Water Rail. Other habitats are grassland and ditches.[42][43] | |||
Chalkney Wood | 73.7 hectares (182 acres) | YES | Earls Colne 51°54′58″N 0°43′23″E / 51.916°N 0.723°E TL874277 |
Map | Citation | The ancient woodland is on acid silts and sands. Trees include, ash, lime birch and pedunculated oak. The ground layer is dominated by bramble, and other plants include primrose and wood anemone. The wood is divided by grassy rides, and there are over twenty ponds.[44] | ||||
Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore | 26.3 hectares (65 acres) | PP | Clacton-on-Sea 51°46′44″N 1°07′52″E / 51.779°N 1.131°E TM161136 |
GCR[45] | Map | Citation Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine | This site dates to the warm Hoxnian Stage around 400,000 years ago. Flint tools found there have made it the type site for the Clactonian, a core-and-flake industry of homo erectus, although paleontologists disagree whether it is really a separate industry from the Acheulian.[46][47] | |||
The Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch | 3.8 hectares (9.4 acres) | YES | Burnham-on-Crouch 51°38′10″N 0°46′30″E / 51.636°N 0.775°E TQ921967 |
GCR[48][49] | Map | Citation | Fossils birds dating to the Lower Eocene, around 55 to 48 million years ago, have been found at this site, and it has yielded the type material of two species. Considerable quantities of fossil fishes have also been found, mainly sharks, and it is the type locality for several species.[50] | |||
Colne Estuary | 2,986.5 hectares (7,380 acres) | YES | Brightlingsea 51°49′N 0°59′E / 51.81°N 0.99°E TM062161 |
EWT[51] GCR,[52] NCR,[51] NNR,[51] Ramsar,[15] SAC,[32] SPA[53] | Map | Citation | The site has varied habitats, such as saltmarsh, mud flats, shingle spits and former gravel pits. It is of international importance for wintering brent geese and black-tailed godwits, and of national importance for six other bird species, including little terns.[51] | |||
The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch | 9.3 hectares (23 acres) | NO | Kelvedon Hatch 51°40′12″N 0°16′23″E / 51.67°N 0.273°E TQ573992 |
Map | Citation | The site is an ancient semi-natural wood in the valley of a small tributary of the River Roding. It is base-rich alder on the valley floor, and oak and hornbeam in other areas. The geology is complex, with areas of Claygate Beds and Bagshot Beds.[54] | ||||
Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea | 25.1 hectares (62 acres) | YES | Waltham Abbey 51°41′35″N 0°00′22″W / 51.693°N 0.006°W TL379012 |
Map | Citation | The slow-moving Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea form a freshwater habitat with one of the most diverse invertebrate fauna in Essex. Eighteen species of dragonflies and damselflies have been recorded, including the uncommon and nationally declining white-legged damselfly.[55] | ||||
Crouch and Roach Estuaries | 1,729.1 hectares (4,273 acres) | YES | Burnham-on-Crouch 51°37′N 0°44′E / 51.62°N 0.73°E TQ889953 |
EWT[56][57][58][59] Ramsar,[15] SAC,[32] SPA[60] | Map | Citation | The site is internationally important for wintering dark-bellied brent geese, and nationally important for black-tailed godwits, shelducks and shoveler ducks. There are invertebrates on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, such as the ground lackey moth, and dense populations of the nationally scarce Roesel's bush-cricket.[61] | |||
Curtismill Green | 47.8 hectares (118 acres) | YES | Epping 51°38′42″N 0°11′35″E / 51.645°N 0.193°E TQ518963 |
Map | Citation | This is unimproved grassland and scrub with both damp and dry areas, with a number of uncommon species. Notable plant species in grassland areas include Orange Foxtail, Lesser Spearwort and Yellow Rattle.[62] | ||||
Danbury Common | 71.0 hectares (175 acres) | YES | Danbury 51°42′32″N 0°34′41″E / 51.709°N 0.578°E TL782043 |
EWT,[63][64] NT[65] | Map | Citation | The common is one of the largest areas of heathland left in the county, and also has bracken and gorse scrub, and woodland with oak and birch. Upper parts are on glacial gravel, and lower down there is boggy heath. This is the main British site for the rosy marbled moth.[64] | |||
Debden Water | 21.3 hectares (53 acres) | YES | Newport 51°58′59″N 0°13′55″E / 51.983°N 0.232°E TL534340 |
Map | Citation | The flood plain of the stream has tall fen vegetation, mainly common reed, while in some areas plants such as tussock sedge and lesser pond-sedge are locally dominant. Other habitats are neutral grassland, broad-leaved woodland and species-rich calcareous grassland.[66] | ||||
Dengie | 3,132.4 hectares (7,740 acres) | YES | Bradwell-on-Sea 51°41′N 0°57′E / 51.69°N 0.95°E TM042037 |
EWT,[67] GCR,[68] NCR,[69] NNR,[31] Ramsar,[15] SAC,[32] SPA[70] | Map | Citation | This is a large area of tidal mudflats and salt marshes. It has internationally important winter populations of brent geese and grey plovers, and nationally significant numbers of knots, dunlins and turnstones.[69] | |||
Elsenham Woods | 44.4 hectares (110 acres) | NO | Elsenham 51°54′22″N 0°16′05″E / 51.906°N 0.268°E TL561255 |
Map | Citation | The site comprises two separate areas, the larger Eastend Wood and the smaller Plegdon Wood. They are both ancient mixed woods on chalky boulder clay. There are also damp grass rides and ponds which provide additional habitats for invertebrates and birds.[71] | ||||
Epping Forest | 1,787.9 hectares (4,418 acres) | YES | Epping 51°39′N 0°03′E / 51.65°N 0.05°E TQ418971 |
EWT,[72] NCR,[72] SAC,[73] SM[74][75] | Map | Citation | The site has ancient semi-natural woodland, grassland and wetland. The invertebrate fauna is described by Natural England as "of outstanding national significance", including 66 subcortical (under bark) and dead wood fauna on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[72] | |||
Foulness | 10,946.1 hectares (27,048 acres) | PP | Foulness 51°34′N 0°55′E / 51.57°N 0.92°E TR022902 |
EWT,[76] LNR,[77] NCR,[9] Ramsar,[15] SAC,[78] SPA[79] | Map | Citation | This coastland site is of international importance for nine species of wildfowl and waders, such as dark-bellied brent geese. Rare plants include soft hornwort and spiral tasselwood, and the site is also important for invertebrates, with 71 nationally rare species.[9] | |||
Garnetts Wood and Barnston Lays | 25.0 hectares (62 acres) | YES | Great Dunmow 51°50′17″N 0°22′23″E / 51.838°N 0.373°E TL636182 |
Map | Citation | The site is coppiced woodland, mostly ancient, on glacial silt, sands, gravels and clay soils. It contains some of the best lime woodland in the county. There are two ponds, which have the unusual water purslane.[80] | ||||
Garrold's Meadow | 5.0 hectares (12 acres) | NO | Leigh-on-Sea 51°34′05″N 0°37′44″E / 51.568°N 0.629°E TQ823887 |
Map | Citation | This site is unimproved grassland on gravel in it southern part and clay in the north. There is also an area of marsh. The plant community is diverse, with a number of uncommon species. Grasses include common bent, sweet vernal grass and crested dog's-tail.[81] | ||||
Glemsford Pits | 33.2 hectares (82 acres) | PP | Glemsford 52°05′06″N 0°40′52″E / 52.085°N 0.681°E TL838463 |
Map | Citation | Thirteen species of dragonfly and damselfly have been recorded in these former gravel workings, including one which is rare in Britain, the ruddy darter dragonfly. Aquatic plants include the yellow water-lily and mare's tail.[82] | ||||
Globe Pit | 0.4 hectares (0.99 acres) | NO | Little Thurrock 51°28′44″N 0°20′20″E / 51.479°N 0.339°E TQ625782 |
GCR[83] | Map | Citation | Natural England describes Globe Pit as "an important site for the interrelationship of archaeology with geology since it is vital in the correlation of the Lower Palaeolithic chronology with the Pleistocene Thames Terrace sequence". There are many Clactonian flint tools.[84] | |||
Goldsands Road Pit | 1.2 hectares (3.0 acres) | NO | Southminster 51°39′22″N 0°49′55″E / 51.656°N 0.832°E TQ960990 |
GCR[85] | Map | Citation | This site provides the earliest evidence of an ancient course of the combined Thames and Medway rivers, which flowed north-east across eastern Essex in the late Anglian period around 400,000 years ago.[86] | |||
Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit | 17.3 hectares (43 acres) | YES | Grays 51°29′10″N 0°18′58″E / 51.486°N 0.316°E TQ609789 |
EWT[87][88] | Map | Citation | This former chalk pit has a range of woodland, grassland and scrub habitats which are important for invertebrates. Beetles include two species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Mordellistena humeralis and Mordellistena neuwaldeggiana.[89] | |||
Great Wood and Dodd's Grove | 37.1 hectares (92 acres) | YES | Leigh-on-Sea 51°33′32″N 0°37′23″E / 51.559°N 0.623°E TQ819877 |
EWT,[90] LNR[91] | Map | Citation | This is a small remnant of the ancient Hadleigh Great Wood. It is coppiced oak woodland on sands, gravels and clay, and one of the largest areas of old woodland in the south of the county. Plants include the rare broad-leaved helleborine.[91] | |||
Hainault Forest | 135.3 hectares (334 acres) | YES | Lambourne 51°37′23″N 0°08′02″E / 51.623°N 0.134°E TQ478937 |
Map | Citation | The woodland and scrub in this country park have varied flora and fauna, including diverse breeding birds. The shrub layer has plants such as wood sorrel and butcher's-broom, and birds include wood warblers and spotted flycatchers.[92] | ||||
Hales and Shadwell Woods | 15.4 hectares (38 acres) | PP | Saffron Walden 52°02′35″N 0°17′28″E / 52.043°N 0.291°E TL572408 |
EWT,[93] NCR,[94] NNR[31] | Map | Citation | The woods are ancient coppice wet ash and maple on chalky boulder clay. The shrub layer is diverse, with plants including the wayfaring-tree and the nationally uncommon oxlip. Seven species of orchid have been recorded in Shadwell Wood, which also has herb-rich grassy rides.[95] | |||
Hall's Quarry | 0.7 hectares (1.7 acres) | NO | Elsenham 51°55′44″N 0°12′22″E / 51.929°N 0.206°E TL518279 |
GCR[96] | Map | Citation | The site exposes glacial gravels, silts and tills deposited during the Anglian ice age around 450,000 years ago. It is described by Natural England as "extremely important for the study of the Anglian glaciation and its associated deposits".[97] | |||
Hamford Water | 2,188.6 hectares (5,408 acres) | PP | Walton-on-the-Naze 51°53′N 1°14′E / 51.88°N 1.24°E TM230253 |
EWT,[98][99][100] NCR,[98] NNR,[31] Ramsar,[15] SPA[101] | Map | Citation | The site is a tidal inlet which has marsh grasslands, creeks, mud and sand flats, salt marshes, islands and beaches. It is internationally significant for breeding little terns and wintering dark-bellied brent geese. Rare plants include hog's fennel and slender hare's-ear.[98] | |||
Hangman's Wood and Deneholes | 5.2 hectares (13 acres) | YES | Little Thurrock 51°29′20″N 0°20′46″E / 51.489°N 0.346°E TQ630793 |
SM[102] | Map | Citation | The deneholes, which were created by medieval chalk mining, are the most important underground hibernation sites for bats in Essex, with three species; Brown long-eared bat, Natterer's bat and Daubenton's bat. The oak woodland is ancient, and it provides a feeding habitat for the bats.[11] | |||
Hanningfield Reservoir | 402.9 hectares (996 acres) | YES | Chelmsford 51°39′22″N 0°30′04″E / 51.656°N 0.501°E TQ731982 |
BSO,[103] EWT[104] | Map | Citation | The reservoir has a nationally important population of gadwalls, and it also has significant numbers of pochards, teal, tufted ducks and pintails. The chalk sludge lagoon has several unusual plants, and there is a rare moss Brachythecium mildeanum at the foot of the southern dam.[105] | |||
Harlow Woods | 45.2 hectares (112 acres) | YES | Harlow 51°44′24″N 0°05′02″E / 51.74°N 0.084°E TL440066 |
LNR[106][107] | Map | Citation | The woods are mainly pedunculate oak and hornbeam, and other trees include ash, hazel and birch. There are also some elms which are regenerating from coppice following Dutch elm disease.[106] | |||
Harwich Foreshore | 10.3 hectares (25 acres) | YES | Harwich 51°56′24″N 1°17′28″E / 51.940°N 1.291°E TM263320 |
GCR[108] | Map | Citation | This site exposes bands of ash from explosive volcanoes in Scotland during the Eocene epoch around 50 million years ago. It also has many London Clay fossils from the Eocene rainforest, including mammals such as Hyracotherium, the earliest ancestor of the horse.[109] | |||
Hatfield Forest | 410.8 hectares (1,015 acres) | YES | Bishop's Stortford 51°51′22″N 0°13′37″E / 51.856°N 0.227°E TL535198 |
NCR,[94] NNR,[31] NT,[110] SM,[111] | Map | Citation | This is the last Royal Forest to remain nearly intact. It has ancient coppice woodland, scrub, unimproved grassland, a large lake and extensive marshes. The woodland is mainly wet ash and maple. There are many rare plants and over sixty bird species.[112] | |||
High Wood, Dunmow | 41.5 hectares (103 acres) | NO | Great Dunmow 51°52′23″N 0°19′37″E / 51.873°N 0.327°E TL603219 |
Map | Citation | The site on boulder clay and loess has areas of wet ash and maple woodland, and others of pedunculate oak and hornbeam. Some areas are ancient woodland. There is a diverse layer of ground flora, and damp woodland rides provide additional habitat for birds and invertebrates.[113] | ||||
Hockley Woods | 92.1 hectares (228 acres) | YES | Hockley 51°35′38″N 0°38′35″E / 51.594°N 0.643°E TQ832917 |
LNR[114] | Map | Citation | The woods are on pre-glacial gravels and clay, with trees including hornbeam, pedunculate oak, sessile oak, birch and hazel. Ground flora include three species of orchid, and there is a stream and area of bog.[115] | |||
Holehaven Creek | 272.8 hectares (674 acres) | YES | Canvey Island 51°31′19″N 0°31′30″E / 51.522°N 0.525°E TQ753834 |
Map | Citation | The creek's intertidal marshes and mudflats support nationally important (and occasionally internationally) numbers of wintering black-tailed godwits. Curlews and dunlins are also sometimes present in nationally significant numbers.[116] | ||||
Holland Haven Marshes | 210.6 hectares (520 acres) | PP | Clacton-on-Sea 51°48′58″N 1°12′29″E / 51.816°N 1.208°E TM212179 |
LNR[117] | Map | Citation | A network of ditches radiates from Holland Brook. These ditches have several nationally scarce aquatic plant species, such as brackish water crowfoot and divided sedge. There are also rare invertebrates, including one on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the soldier fly Stratiomys singularior.[118] | |||
Holland-on-Sea Cliff | 0.1 hectares (0.25 acres) | YES | Clacton-on-Sea 51°48′14″N 1°12′22″E / 51.804°N 1.206°E TM211166 |
GCR[119] | Map | Citation | This is the type site for the "Lower Holland Gravel", which was laid down by the River Thames before the river was diverted south during the Anglian glaciation around 450,000 years ago, and also for the "Upper Thames Gravel", which was deposited when the Thames was blocked by ice.[10] | |||
Hunsdon Mead | 34.2 hectares (85 acres) | YES | Harlow 51°46′44″N 0°03′14″E / 51.779°N 0.054°E TL418109 |
EWT,[120] HMWT[121] | Map | Citation | This is unimproved grassland which is subject to winter flooding. Notable grass species include meadow brome and the quaking grass Briza media, and there are other unusual flora such as pepper saxifrage and green-winged orchid.[122] | |||
Inner Thames Marshes | 485.9 hectares (1,201 acres) | YES | Purfleet 51°30′00″N 0°12′14″E / 51.500°N 0.204°E TQ531802 |
RSPB[123] | Map | Citation | The marshes have a diverse bird population, including internationally important numbers of wintering teal. There are nationally scarce invertebrates such as the water beetles agabus conspersus and haliplus apicalis, the scarce emerald damselfly, and the meniscus midge dixella attica.[124] | |||
Lion Pit | 2.4 hectares (5.9 acres) | YES | Grays 51°28′44″N 0°17′53″E / 51.479°N 0.298°E TQ597781 |
EWT,[87][88] GCR[125] | Map | Citation | Evidence has been found on this site of flint-knapping using the Levallois technique by Neanderthals 200,000 years ago, and it has even been possible to fit back together some of the flint flakes. Fossils have been found of mammals including, rhinoceros, bison, mammoth and straight-tusked elephant.[12] | |||
Little Hallingbury Marsh | 4.5 hectares (11 acres) | NO | Little Hallingbury 51°49′59″N 0°09′43″E / 51.833°N 0.162°E TL491171 |
Map | Citation | The site is unimproved wet grassland and fen, which contains uncommon and declining swamp plant species. The site is also of interest for overwintering birds and aquatic insects, especially dragonflies.[126] | ||||
Little Oakley Channel Deposit | 3.0 hectares (7.4 acres) | NO | Little Oakley 51°55′16″N 1°13′52″E / 51.921°N 1.231°E TM223296 |
GCR[127] | Map | Citation | This site exposed a former channel of the River Thames during an interglacial period around 575,000 years ago. Many fossils were found, including rhinoceros and an extensive pollen record, allowing geologists to reconstruct the fauna and flora.[128] | |||
Lofts Farm Pit | 5.0 hectares (12 acres) | NO | Maldon 51°45′00″N 0°41′56″E / 51.75°N 0.699°E TL864091 |
GCR[129] | Map | Citation | Many fossils have been found dating to the last Ice Age, 110,000 to 12,000 years ago. Finds included reindeer, woolly mammoth and woolly rhinoceros. The site is in the "Blackwater Terrace Gravel", dating to a time when the River Blackwater was a tributary of the Thames-Medway River.[130] | |||
Maldon Cutting | 0.2 hectares (0.49 acres) | NO | Maldon 51°43′44″N 0°39′50″E / 51.729°N 0.664°E TL841067 |
GCR[131] | Map | Citation | The site is a former railway cutting which is the type locality for the Maldon Till, which dates to the Pleistocene ice age. It was previously thought to represent a separate advance of the ice sheet, but in the light of later work it was concluded that it is an outlier of the till which covers much of central and northern Essex.[132] | |||
Marks Tey Brickpit | 29.8 hectares (74 acres) | NO | Marks Tey 51°52′59″N 0°46′30″E / 51.883°N 0.775°E TL911242 |
GCR[133] | Map | Citation | This site has a record of pollen throughout the Hoxnian interglacial around 400,000 years ago, and this is the best vegetational record for any British interglacial site. Seasonal layers in lake sediments have made it possible to estimate the duration of the Hoxnian.[134] | |||
Mill Meadows, Billericay | 6.8 hectares (17 acres) | YES | Billericay 51°37′16″N 0°25′37″E / 51.621°N 0.427°E TQ681941 |
LNR[135] | Map | Citation | Five sloping fields on London Clay are separated by old hedge lines. Some areas are wet, and the main grasses are red fescue and common bent. Flowers include harebell and common spotted orchid, and there are herbs such as pignut.[136] | |||
Mucking Flats and Marshes | 312.7 hectares (773 acres) | PP | Tilbury 51°29′06″N 0°26′38″E / 51.485°N 0.444°E TQ698791 |
Ramsar,[137] SPA[138] | Map | Citation | Wildfowl and waders feed and roost on the mudflats and marshes, with internationally important numbers of ringed plover, and nationally significant shelducks, grey plovers, dunlins, black-tailed godwits and redshanks.[139] | |||
The Naze | 24.9 hectares (62 acres) | YES | Walton-on-the-Naze 51°51′54″N 1°17′24″E / 51.865°N 1.290°E TM266236 |
GCR[140] | Map | Citation | This is the type site for the Waltonian, the first British stage of the Pleistocene. It also has many plant and bird fossils dating to the Eocene, and it is described by Natural England as important in the study of avian evolution.[141] | |||
Newney Green Pit | 0.1 hectares (0.25 acres) | NO | Writtle 51°43′55″N 0°23′06″E / 51.732°N 0.385°E TL648064 |
GCR[142] | Map | Citation | This former quarry exposed the Kesgrave (Thames) Gravel, dating to the Cromerian interglacial around 500,000 years ago. Higher layers displayed the transition from this warm period to the succeeding severe Anglian ice age.[143] | |||
Norsey Wood | 65.6 hectares (162 acres) | YES | Billericay 51°37′55″N 0°26′10″E / 51.632°N 0.436°E TQ687954 |
LNR,[144] SM[145] | Map | Citation | This is ancient oak woodland on acid soil which has been converted to mixed sweet chestnut coppice. There are sphagnum mosses in acidic flushes, and the rare water violet in one of the four ponds. There are nine species of dragonfly.[146] Archaeological features include a Bronze Age bowl barrow.[145] | |||
Nunn Wood | 9.5 hectares (23 acres) | YES | Saffron Walden 52°03′43″N 0°16′37″E / 52.062°N 0.277°E TL562429 |
Map | Citation | The site is an ancient coppice wood on chalky boulder clay. It is mainly hornbeam with other trees such as pedunculate oak, ash and field maple. Flowers include the nationally uncommon oxlip, and one of the largest colonies of early purple orchids.[147] | ||||
Pitsea Marsh | 92.3 hectares (228 acres) | PP | Pitsea 51°33′04″N 0°30′25″E / 51.551°N 0.507°E TQ739866 |
Map | Citation | The site has a variety of habitats, such as grassland, scrub, reedbed, fen, ponds and saltmarsh. Dykes and ponds support the scarce emerald damselfly, and other rare invertebrates include Roesel's bush-cricket and the hoverfly xanthandrus comtus.[148] | ||||
Purfleet Chalk Pits | 9.8 hectares (24 acres) | PP | Purfleet 51°28′59″N 0°15′00″E / 51.483°N 0.25°E TQ563784 |
GCR[149] | Map | Citation | The chalk pits expose sands and gravels which are associated with the ancient course of the River Thames.[150] The site has been occupied by early humans at several different periods,[151] and MIS9, between about 335,000 and 280,000 years ago, is often informally called the Purfleet interglacial.[152] | |||
Purfleet Road, Aveley | 4.0 hectares (9.9 acres) | YES | Aveley 51°29′46″N 0°14′20″E / 51.496°N 0.239°E TQ555798 |
Map | Citation | This site dates to the interglacial period, MIS7, around 200,000 years ago. It has yielded mollusc insect and mammal fossils, including the first jungle cat discovered in Britain.[153] | ||||
Quendon Wood | 33.5 hectares (83 acres) | PP | Stansted Mountfitchet 51°56′46″N 0°12′18″E / 51.946°N 0.205°E TL516298 |
Map | Citation | The site has ancient coppiced woods with a rich variety of fauna on different types of soil. It is mainly pedunculate oak/hornbeam woodland, with some areas having ash/maple, and others the rare birch/hazel variant. Plants in the understorey include wild daffodils and herb-paris.[154] | ||||
Riddles Wood | 37.9 hectares (94 acres) | NO | Clacton-on-Sea 51°49′12″N 1°05′17″E / 51.820°N 1.088°E TM129180 |
Map | Citation | The site has varied ancient pedunculate oak and hazel in some areas and oak and hornbeam in others, as well as chestnut coppice. The soils are glacial gravels in the west and London Clay in the east. Flower include the rare orpine.[155] | ||||
River Ter | 6.4 hectares (16 acres) | PP | Great Leighs 51°48′47″N 0°10′48″E / 51.813°N 0.18°E TL737157 |
GCR[156] | Map | Citation | The site is a stretch of the River Ter and its banks which is representative of a type of lowland stream on glacial till, with a low base flow but high flood peaks, and other features such as pool-riffle sequences and bank erosion.[157] | |||
Roding Valley Meadows | 19.3 hectares (48 acres) | YES | Chigwell 51°38′17″N 0°04′26″E / 51.638°N 0.074°E TQ436953 |
EWT,[158] LNR[159] | Map | Citation | The meadows are bordered to the south west by the River Roding. They form one of the largest areas of grassland in Essex which are traditionally managed as hay meadows, flood meadows and marshland. Plants include the largest beds in Essex of the rare brown sedge.[160] | |||
Roman River | 282.0 hectares (697 acres) | YES | Colchester 51°50′56″N 0°54′14″E / 51.849°N 0.904°E TM001207 |
Map | Citation | There are areas of woodland, grassland, fen, scrub and heath. The woodland, which is mainly ancient, has over a thousand species of moths and butterflies, and nearly seventy of breeding birds, including hawfinches, tree pipits and yellow wagtails.[161] | ||||
Sandbeach Meadows | 29.4 hectares (73 acres) | FP | Bradwell-on-Sea 51°42′32″N 0°55′26″E / 51.709°N 0.924°E TM021052 |
Map | Citation | The site is almost the only survivor of the formerly extensive Dengie grazing marshes, and in the winter it supports a nationally important population of dark-bellied brent geese. Several ditches have meanders which survive from when they were salt-marsh creeks.[162] | ||||
St Osyth Pit | 0.1 hectares (0.25 acres) | NO | St Osyth 51°48′40″N 1°04′23″E / 51.811°N 1.073°E TM119170 |
GCR[163] | Map | Citation | The site has a succession of deposits which throw light of the diversion of the River Thames south to its present course during the Anglian Ice Age around 450,000 years ago, including fine gravel deposited during a brief period when the Thames was blocked by ice.[164] | |||
Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey | 78.2 hectares (193 acres) | YES | Wrabness 51°56′13″N 1°11′20″E / 51.937°N 1.189°E TM193313 |
EWT,[165] RSPB,[166] SAONB,[167] WT[168] | Map | Citation | The site is ancient coppiced woodland on the southern shore of Stour Estuary, and is the only area in the county where woodland and coastal habitats meet. The dominant tree is chestnut, with a ground layer of bramble. Other plants include yellow archangel and dog's mercury.[169] | |||
Stour Estuary | 2,248.0 hectares (5,555 acres) | PP | Wrabness 51°57′N 1°10′E / 51.95°N 1.16°E TM173327 |
EWT,[170] GCR,[171] LNR,[172] NCR,[173] Ramsar,[15] RSPB,[166] SAONB,[167] SPA[174] | Map | Citation | The estuary is nationally important for thirteen species of wintering wildfowl and three on autumn passage, and also for coastal saltmarsh, sheltered muddy shores, two scarce marine invertebrates, rare plant assemblages and three geological sites.[175] | |||
Thorndon Park | 148.5 hectares (367 acres) | YES | Brentwood 51°35′46″N 0°19′26″E / 51.596°N 0.324°E TQ611911 |
Map | Citation | The site is semi-natural woodland and ancient parkland. It has a diverse population of beetles, including one which is rare and threatened in Britain. The parkland has old oak pollards on acid or neutral grassland.[176] | ||||
Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers | 19.5 hectares (48 acres) | YES | Bicknacre 51°41′10″N 0°35′24″E / 51.686°N 0.59°E TL791018 |
EWT[177] | Map | Citation | The site is an ancient semi-natural wood on acid soil. Wild service trees and elders are found in the shrub layer, and a pond has a raised sphagnum bog. Twenty species of butterfly have been recorded.[178] | |||
Thundersley Great Common | 9.0 hectares (22 acres) | YES | Thundersley 51°34′26″N 0°35′20″E / 51.574°N 0.589°E TQ795893 |
Map | Citation | The site is in two separate areas, and has a variety of grass and heath habitats. There is wet and dry heathland, both unusual in Essex, locally uncommon plants. Ponds which dry up in the summer provide an additional habitat.[179] | ||||
Tiptree Heath | 24.6 hectares (61 acres) | YES | Tiptree 51°47′53″N 0°43′41″E / 51.798°N 0.728°E TL882146 |
EWT[180] | Map | Citation | This is the largest surviving area of heathland in Essex, and has a number of plants rare in the county. It is dominated by heather and bent grass.[181] A small herd of Dexter cattle help to control the growth of invasive scrub.[180] | |||
Turnford and Cheshunt Pits | 174.4 hectares (431 acres) | YES | Waltham Abbey 51°42′22″N 0°01′08″W / 51.706°N 0.019°W TL370027 |
SPA[182] | Map | Citation | This site includes ten former gravel pits, which are of national importance for wintering gadwalls and shovelers. It is also valuable for invertebrates, especially grasshoppers and bush-crickets.[183] | |||
Upper Colne Marshes | 113.2 hectares (280 acres) | PP | Wivenhoe 51°51′25″N 0°57′14″E / 51.857°N 0.954°E TM035217 |
Map | Citation | The site has grazing marshes, salt tidal marshes, beaches, sea walls and intertidal mud. It has an important assemblage of nationally scarce plants and diverse ditch types. Insects include the nationally scarce Roesel's bush-cricket.[184] | ||||
Vange and Fobbing Marshes | 167.3 hectares (413 acres) | YES | Basildon 51°31′55″N 0°29′28″E / 51.532°N 0.491°E TQ729844 TQ725867 |
RSPB[185] | Map | Citation | The marshes are unimproved coastal grassland, dykes and creeks, with a wide variety of maritime herbs and grasses, some of them nationally rare. The site is the main British location for least lettuce. Insects with restricted distributions include the scarce emerald damselfly.[186] | |||
Waltham Abbey | 33.8 hectares (84 acres) | YES | Waltham Abbey 51°41′56″N 0°00′43″W / 51.699°N 0.012°W TL375019 |
Map | Citation | The site is alder woodland on damp soils, with other trees including sycamore, ash and crack willow. The trees were planted around 1700 to provide charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder, and planting ceased at the time of the First World War.[187] | ||||
Weeleyhall Wood | 31.6 hectares (78 acres) | YES | Weeley 51°50′42″N 1°07′55″E / 51.845°N 1.132°E TM158209 |
EWT[188] | Map | Citation | It has a variety of woodland types, reflecting diverse soils. It is mainly pedunculate oak over a layer of coppice hazel and sweet chestnut planted in the nineteenth century. There are two ponds and species-rich damp, grassy rides.[189] | |||
West Thurrock Lagoon and Marshes | 66.5 hectares (164 acres) | PP | West Thurrock 51°27′50″N 0°16′34″E / 51.464°N 0.276°E TQ582763 |
Map | Citation | The site is important for wintering waders and wildfowl which feed on the mudflats. Reed warblers and bearded tits breed on reed beds in the lagoon, and teals and grey herons roost on the shallow waters and grassy islands.[190] | ||||
West Wood, Little Sampford | 23.9 hectares (59 acres) | YES | Thaxted 51°58′26″N 0°21′25″E / 51.974°N 0.357°E TL620332 |
EWT[191] | Map | Citation | The site is ancient woodland on chalky boulder clay and sandy loam. There is a rich variety of plants in wetter areas, such as oxlip and meadow-sweet.[192] There are many species of birds and butterflies, and four ponds which have great crested newts, dragonflies and damselflies.[191] | |||
Wivenhoe Gravel Pit | 1.0 hectare (2.5 acres) | YES | Wivenhoe 51°52′19″N 0°58′37″E / 51.872°N 0.977°E TM050235 |
GCR[193] | Map | Citation | The site is the type locality for the Wivenhoe Gravel, which was laid down by the River Thames before it was diverted south to its present course by the Anglian glaciation around 450,000 years ago. The site is important for establishing the previous course of the Thames.[194] | |||
Woodham Walter Common | 79.7 hectares (197 acres) | YES | Danbury 51°43′44″N 0°35′24″E / 51.729°N 0.590°E TL790065 |
EWT[195] | Map | Citation | The site is on glacial sand and gravel over London Clay. it has a number of areas of oak and hornbeam woodland on former heathland. It also has two botanically rich valleys, each of which has a stream along it.[196] |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
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