List of converts to Christianity from Islam: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
→F: Rima Fakih |
Goose friend (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
==F== |
==F== |
||
* [[Joseph Fadelle]] – (born Mohammed al-Sayyid al-Moussawi), a Roman Catholic convert from Islam and writer born in 1964 in [[Iraq]] to a Shiite family.<ref>The price to pay (autobiography), published on 25 March 2010, The Work Editions , ISBN 978-2-35631-060-6</ref> |
* [[Joseph Fadelle]] – (born Mohammed al-Sayyid al-Moussawi), a Roman Catholic convert from Islam and writer born in 1964 in [[Iraq]] to a Shiite family.<ref>The price to pay (autobiography), published on 25 March 2010, The Work Editions , ISBN 978-2-35631-060-6</ref> |
||
* [[Rima Fakih]] – Lebanese-American actress, model, professional wrestler and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss USA 2010 and converted to Maronite Christianity.<ref> |
* [[Rima Fakih]] – Lebanese-American actress, model, professional wrestler and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss USA 2010 and converted to Maronite Christianity.<ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/muslim-miss-usa-rima-fakih-converts-christianity-report-claims-163444/]</ref> |
||
* [[Donald Fareed]] – [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] Christian tele-evangelist and minister.<ref>[http://www.persianministries.org/about/donaldfareed.php Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website]</ref> |
* [[Donald Fareed]] – [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] Christian tele-evangelist and minister.<ref>[http://www.persianministries.org/about/donaldfareed.php Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website]</ref> |
||
* [[Hazem Farraj]] – an [[Palestinian-American]] writer, minister, and televangelist.<ref>http://www.trunews.com/ex-muslim-preaches-the-gospel/ ‘Ex-Muslim’ preaches the Gospel</ref> |
* [[Hazem Farraj]] – an [[Palestinian-American]] writer, minister, and televangelist.<ref>http://www.trunews.com/ex-muslim-preaches-the-gospel/ ‘Ex-Muslim’ preaches the Gospel</ref> |
||
Revision as of 01:49, 14 May 2016
| Total population | |
|---|---|
10.2 million according to 2015 study[1]
|
A
- Aslan Abashidze – former leader of the Ajarian Autonomous Republic in western Georgia.[15]
- Basuki Abdullah – Indonesian painter converted to Roman Catholicism.[16]
- Ibrahim Abdullah – American former PLO terrorist.[17]
- Saeed Abedini – an Iranian-American Christian pastor imprisoned in Iran.[18]
- Abo of Tiflis – Christian activist and the Patron Saint of the city of Tbilisi, Georgia.[19]
- Taysir Abu Saada – a former member of the PLO and the founder of the Christian ministry Hope For Ishmael after he converted to Christianity. He was Yasir Arafat's personal driver.[20][21]
- Abraham of Bulgaria – martyr and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church.[22]
- Rotimi Adebari - first Black mayor in Ireland.[23]
- St. Adolphus – Christian martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[24]
- Leo Africanus – a Moorish diplomat who was captured by Spanish corsairs and taken to Rome where gained the trust and patronage of Pope Leo X (Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici) and eventually converted to Christianity, taking the baptismal name of "Johannes Leo de Medicis".[25]
- Ahmed the Caligrapher – (Turkish: Achmed Kalfa) was a 17th-century Muslim scribe and diplomat in the court of the Ottoman Empire who converted to Christianity and was subsequently arrested, sentenced and beheaded under the Shari'a laws against Apostasy in Islam.[26]
- Safdar Ali – former Maulvi (Cleric) from India.[27][28]
- Mehmet Ali Ağca – Turkish assassin who murdered left-wing journalist Abdi İpekçi on 1 February 1979 and later shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on 13 May 1981. While in prison in 2007 he claimed to convert to Christianity.[29]
- Jabalah ibn al-Aiham – last ruler of the Ghassanid state in Syria and Jordan in the 7th century AD. After the Islamic conquest of Levant he converted to Islam in AD 638. He reverted to Christianity later on and lived in Anatolia until he died in AD 645.[30]
- Magdi Allam (baptized as Magdi Cristiano Allam) – Italy's most famous Islamic affairs journalist.[31]
- Saint Hodja Amiris - Former Ottoman soldier stationed in Jerusalem who converted to Christianity in the 17th century and was subsequently tortured and killed for the crime of Apostasy in Islam.[32]
- Zachariah Anani – former Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter.[33]
- Hussain Andaryas – Afghan Christian activist and tele-evangelist.[34]
- Matthew Ashimolowo – Nigerian-born British pastor and evangelist.[35]
- Avraamy Aslanbegov – a Russian-Azeri vice-admiral and military writer of the Russian Empire, converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.[36]
- Asmirandah - Indonesian actress of Dutch descent converted to Protestantism in December 2013. Zantman owes her conversion to an experience of having dreamed three times of Jesus Christ.[37][38][39][40]
- Aurelius and Natalia – Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[41]
- Johannes Avetaranian – (born Muhammad Shukri Efendi), was a Christian missionary of Turkish heritage.[42]
- Juan Andrés - is the name chosen by a Spanish Muslim scholar who converted to Catholicism and wrote a well known polemical work against Islam, the Confusión o confutación de la secta mahomética y del Alcorán.[43]
- Juliana Awada - an Argentine businesswoman of Lebanese and Syrian descent. She is the First Lady of Argentina, married to the President of Argentina, Mauricio Macri.[44]
- Adebayo Akinfenwa - an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for AFC Wimbledon. His father is Muslim and his mother Christian, he raised in his father religion as a child, he is now a Christian.[45]
- Abdul Masih - was an Indian indigenous missionary, an ordained Anglican and Lutheran minister, as well as a religious author. He is often referred to as the most influential indigenous Christian to shape nineteenth-century Christian missions in India.
B
- Josephine Bakhita – Roman Catholic saint from Darfur, Sudan.[46]
- Sarah Balabagan – Filipina prisoner in the United Arab Emirates during 1994 – 96.[47]
- Fathima Rifqa Bary – American teenager of Sri Lankan descent who drew international attention in 2009 when she ran away from home and claimed that her Muslim parents might kill her for having converted to Christianity.[48]
- Sheikh Ahmed Barzani – head of Barzani Tribe in Iraqi Kurdistan and older brother of Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish nationalist leader. He announced his conversion to Christianity in 1931 during the anti-government uprising.[49]
- Simeon Bekbulatovich – Khan of Qasim Khanate.[50]
- Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky – Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.[51]
- Ibrahim Ben Ali – soldier, physician, and one of the earliest American settlers of Turkish origin.[52]
- Mohammed Christophe Bilek – an Algerian former Muslim who lives in France since 1961. Bilek was baptized in 1970. In the 1990s, he founded the Our Lady of Kabyle (in French), a website devoted to evangelisation among Muslims.[53]
- Francis Bok – Sudanese-American activist, convert to Islam from Christianity; but later returned to his Christian faith.[54]
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa – Central African Republic Emperor (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[55]
- Dr.Thomas Yayi Boni – President of Benin.[56]
- Sayed Borhan khan – Khan of Qasim Khanate from 1627 to 1679.[50] He was forced to convert to Christianity by Russian forces following the Siege of Kazan.[50][57]
- Broery – Indonesian singer (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[58][59]
- Bernard of Alzira - was a Andalusian prince and diplomat, later turned from Islam into a religious of the Cistercian Order. He is a martyr of the Catholic Church, venerated particularly in the Valencian Community and Catalonia.
- Aloandro Ben Bekar - was the last military Governor or Qadi of Faro, in Algarve, Portugal, at the time of its reconquest in 1249, and a descendant of Bakr Ben Yahia, He was later baptized.[60]
- Bashir Shihab II - was a Lebanese emir who ruled Lebanon in the first half of the 19th century. He converted from Sunni Islam to Maronite Catholic.[61][62]
- Parveen Babi - was a former Indian actress and an erstwhile Fashion model, Parveen Babi converted to Christianity during the last years of her life as she stated in an interview, and was baptised in a Protestant Anglican Church at Malabar Hill.[63]
- Thomas Boni Yayi - He is a Beninese banker and politician who has been President of Benin since 6 April 2006. Originally from a Muslim family, Boni is now an Evangelical Protestant.[64]
C
- Ergun Caner – Swedish-American academic, author, and Baptist minister.[65][66]
- Rianti Cartwright – Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ. Two weeks before departure to the United States to get married, Rianti left the Muslim faith to become a baptized Catholic with the name Sophia Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright.[67][68]
- Kassian Cephas – Indonesian photographer.[69][70]
- Djibril Cissé – French international footballer.[71][72]
- Eldridge Cleaver – initially associated with the Nation of Islam then Evangelical Christianity then Mormonism.[73][74]
- Constantine the African – Baghdad-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at Monte Cassino.[75][76]
- Constantine Hagarit[77] – born in Smyrna to a Muslim family under the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century, he converted to Orthodox Christianity and was subsequently imprisoned, tortured and executed by hanging for apostasy on June 2, 1819.
- Converso – substantial numbers of Iberian Muslims who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries. These New Christians of Moorish Berber origin were known as Moriscos. Over 1 million of these Moriscos were converted from Islam to Christianity, most of whom were forced to convert.[78][79]
- Michał Czajkowski – Polish-Cossack writer and political emigre who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and the reestablishment of a Cossack Ukraine.[80]
- Hansen Clarke – the U.S. Representative for Michigan's 13th congressional district.[81]
- Chamillionaire – (born Hakeem Seriki) American rapper.[82][83]
- Moussa Dadis Camara - An ex-officer of the Guinean army who served as the President of the Republic of Guinea. He is a Roman Catholic Christian convert from Islam.[84][85][86]
- Chehab family - are a prominent Lebanese noble family. Having converted from Sunni Islam, the religion of his predecessors, was the first Maronite ruler of the Emirate of Mount Lebanon.[87]
D
- Moussa Dadis Camara – ex-officer of the Guinean army.[88][89]
- Justinus Darmojuwono – the first Indonesian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Semarang from 1963 to 1981, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1967. Converted to Catholicism in 1932.[90]
- Nonie Darwish – an Egyptian-American writer, human rights activist, critic of Islam,founder of Arabs for Israel, and is Director of Former Muslims United.
- Sedar Dedeoglu – a Turk who claims to be a descendant of Islam's prophet Muhammad has converted to Christianity while living in Germany.[91]
- Hassan Dehqani-Tafti – the first ethnic Persian to become a Christian bishop of Iran since the 7th century and the Islamic conquest of Persia.[92]
- Mehdi Dibaj – Iranian Christian convert from Shia Islam, pastor and Christian martyr.[93][94]
- Momolu Dukuly – Liberian politician became the second foreign minister under William V.S. Tubman.[95][96]
- Daniel Bambang Dwi Byantoro – leader (and Archimandrite) of the Indonesian Orthodox Church.[97][98]
E
- Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad – Egyptian former Muslim sheikh who theological discourse with a Christian led him to conduct an intensive study of Christian Scripture, after which he converted to Christianity in January 2005.[99]
- Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari – the second wife and Queen Consort of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran who converted to Roman Catholicism.[100]
- Estevanico – Berber originally from Morocco and one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States.[101]
F
- Joseph Fadelle – (born Mohammed al-Sayyid al-Moussawi), a Roman Catholic convert from Islam and writer born in 1964 in Iraq to a Shiite family.[102]
- Rima Fakih – Lebanese-American actress, model, professional wrestler and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss USA 2010 and converted to Maronite Christianity.[103]
- Donald Fareed – Iranian Christian tele-evangelist and minister.[104]
- Hazem Farraj – an Palestinian-American writer, minister, and televangelist.[105]
- Mary Fillis[106]
G
- Mark A. Gabriel - Egyptian Islamic scholar and writer.[107]
- Daveed Gartenstein-Ross - counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity).[108][109]
- Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila – an American football defensive end who was drafted by the Green Bay Packers and is currently a free agent.
- George XI of Kartli – a Georgian monarch who ruled Eastern Georgia from 1676 to 1688 and again from 1703 to 1709. Being an Eastern Orthodox Christian, he converted to Islam prior to his appointment as governor of Qandahar. He later converted to Roman Catholicism.[110]
- Fathia Ghali - Egyptian princess and youngest daughter of Fuad I of Egypt and Nazli Sabri.[111][112]
- Ghias ad-din – an Azeri prince of the Seljuk dynasty of Rum, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.[citation needed]
- Ruffa Gutierrez – Filipina actress, model and former beauty queen (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[113][114][115]
H
- Umar ibn Hafsun – leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia. Hafsun converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence.[116]
- Rajah Humabon – first Filipino Sultan convert to Roman Catholicism in the name of Carlos.[117][118]
- Aben Humeya – (born Fernando de Valor) Morisco Chief who was crowned the Emir of Andalusia by his followers and led the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain.[119]
- Naveed Afzal Haq – Pakistani-American charged for the July 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting. He converted to Christianity in December 2005 but reverted to Islam by the time of the shooting.[120]
I
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh – brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet).[121]
- Tunch Ilkin – former Turkish American football player.[122]
- Mariam Ibrahim Ishaq – although she claimed never to have practiced Islam, as she was born to a Sudanese Muslim father (who had abandoned her Ethiopian Orthodox Christian mother in childhood) the Republic of Sudan deemed her a convert and apostate, imprisoning and sentencing her to death in 2014.
- Jessica Iskandar – Indonesian actress and model (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[123][124]
- Qadry Ismail – former American football player.[125]
- Raghib Ismail – former American football player.[126]
J
- Sabatina James – (1982 in Dhedar, Pakistan) is an Austrian-Pakistani book author. She started a new life in Vienna, changing her name and converting to Catholicism where she was baptized in 2006.[127]
- Esther John – born to a Pakistani Muslim family, she converted to Christianity, became a nurse to rural communities in Northern India and was later murdered.[128]
- Mario Joseph – born into a Muslim family in Kerala, India, he became a notable Imam before the age of 18, but subsequently converted to Catholicism whereupon he was tortured and forced to flee to Europe.[129]
- Lina Joy – a Malay convert from Islam to Christianity. Born Azlina Jailani in 1964 in Malaysia to Muslim parents of Javanese descent, she converted at age 26. In 1998, she was baptized, and applied to have her conversion legally recognized by the Malaysian courts.[130]
- Don Juan of Persia – (1560–1604) a late 16th- and early 17th-century figure in Iran and Spain. He is also known as Faisal Nazary. He was a native of Iran, who later moved westward. He settled in Spain where he became a Roman Catholic.[131]
K
- Alina Kabaeva – a Russian gymnast.[132][133][134]
- Jesse of Kakheti – a Georgian prince of the Bagrationi dynasty, son of King Leon of Kakheti converted to Islam in the Service of the Safavid dynasty, but returned to Orthodox Christianity after his return to Georgia.[135]
- Jesse of Kartli – a Georgian prince of the Bagrationi dynasty (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[136]
- Alexander Kazembek – Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of Azeri origin .[137]
- Mathieu Kérékou- President of Benin (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[138]
- Chulpan Khamatova – Russian actress.[139][140]
- Emir Kusturica – a Serbian and Yugoslavian filmmaker and actor.[141][142]
L
- Imad ud-din Lahiz – prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Qur'anic translator.[143]
- Dr. Nur Luke – Uyghur Bible translator.[144]
- Fernão Lopes (soldier) – a 16th-century Portuguese soldier in India who converted to Roman Catholicism.
M
- Enrique de Malaca – Malay slave of Ferdinand Magellan, converted to Roman Catholicism after being purchased in 1511.[145][146]
- Sake Dean Mahomed – (born Sheikh Din Muhammad) an Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who introduced the Indian take-away curry house restaurant in Britain, and was the first Indian to have written a book in the English language.[147][148] He converted to marry Jane Daly, an Irish Protestant, as it was illegal for a non-Protestant to marry a Protestant.[149]
- Pinkan Mambo – (born Pinkan Ratnasari Mambo) Indonesian singer converted in 2010. Decision taken after admitting she studied various religions of the world and eventually dropped in awe of Jesus Christ.[150][151][152]
- Fadhma Aït Mansour – mother of French writers Jean Amrouche and Taos Amrouche.[153]
- Roy Marten – (born Wicasksono Abdul Salam) Indonesian actor whose family was converted to Roman Catholicism during his childhood but who converted converted later to Indonesian Orthodoxy in 1997.[154][155][156]
- Abdul Masih – an Indian indigenous missionary, an ordained Anglican and Lutheran minister.[157][158]
- Josef Mässrur – (born Ghäsim Khan) missionary to Chinese Turkestan with the Mission Union of Sweden.[159]
- Carlos Menem – former President of Argentina. Raised a Nusayri but converted to Roman Catholicism, a constitutional requirement for accessing the presidency until 1994.[160]
- Mizse – last Palatine of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in 1290. He was born in a Muslim family in Tolna County in the Kingdom of Hungary, but he converted to Roman Catholicism.[161]
- St. George El Mozahem – a Coptic saint.[162][163][164]
- Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan – last Khan of Kazan Khanate.[50] He was forced to convert to Christianity following the Siege of Kazan.[50][165]
- Archbishop Thomas Luke Msusa – born into a Muslim family, he converted to Christianity as a child and later became an Archbishop in his home country of Malawi, as well as converting and baptizing his father, a former Imam.[166]
- Muhsin Muhammad – current American football player for the Carolina Panthers, raised in a Muslim household, later converted to Christianity.[167]
- Paul Mulla – Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute.[168]
N
- Youcef Nadarkhani – Iranian Christian pastor who has been sentenced to death for apostasy.[169]
- Diana Nasution – Indonesian singer, converted to Protestantism after marriage.[170][171]
- Aurelius and Natalia – (died 852) were Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, and are counted among the Martyrs of Córdoba. Aurelius was the son of a Muslim father and a Christian mother. He was also secretly a follower of Christianity, as was his wife Natalia, who was also the child of a Muslim father.[172]
- Marina Nemat – Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government. Born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity.[173]
- Ibrahim Njoya – Bamum king; back and forth conversions from Islam to Christianity.[174]
- Nunilo and Alodia - 9th-century sisters recognized as Catholic saints and martyrs in Moorish Spain, executed for apostasy for converting to Christianity.
- Rashid Nurgaliyev – Russian politician and general convert to Russian Orthodoxy.[175][176]
O
- Malika Oufkir – a Moroccan writer and daughter of General Mohamed Oufkir. She and her siblings are converts from Islam to Catholicism, and she writes in her book, Stolen Lives, "we had rejected Islam, which had brought us nothing good, and opted for Catholicism instead."[177]
P
- Shams Pahlavi – Iranian princess and the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran.[178]
- Hamid Pourmand – former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the Jama'at-e Rabbani, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God church in Iran.[179]
- Agni Pratistha – Indonesian actress, model and former beauty queen (elected Puteri Indonesia 2006), converted to Catholicism after marriage, although what is initially denied rumors of conversion.[180][181][182]
Q
- Nabeel Qureshi – A former Ahmadiyya Muslim who converted to Evangelical Christianity in 2005. He has since become an internationally recognized apologist with Ravi Zacharias International Ministries.[183][184]
R
- Daud Rahbar – Pakistani scholar of Comparative religions, composer, short story writer, translator, philosopher, contributor to inter-civilization dialogue, musicologist, drummer, singer and guitarist.[185][186]
- Abdul Rahman – Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the death penalty because of foreign pressure.[187]
- Brother Rachid – a Moroccan Christian convert from Islam. He is one of the most outspoken converts in the world, he hosts a weekly live call-in show on AL-Hayat channel where he compares Islam and Christianity.[188][189]
- Majeed Rashid Mohammed – a Kurdish Christian convert from Islam. He established a network with former Kurdish Muslims with about 2,000 members today.[190]
- Stefan Razvan – Gypsy prince who ruled Moldavia for six months in 1595.[191]
- Dewi Rezer – Indonesian model of French descent converted to Roman Catholicism.[192][193]
- Mochtar Riady – Indonesian businessman, deputy chairman of the Lippo Group, and father of James Riady.[194][195]
- Emily Ruete – (born Sayyida Salme) Princess of Zanzibar and Oman.[196][197][198]
- Ibrahim Rugova – first president of Kosovo, converted to Roman Catholicism and baptized in the name of Pierre.[199][200][201]
S
- Nazli Sabri – Queen consort of Egypt.[202][203]
- Kyai Sadrach – Indonesian missionary.[204][205]
- Begum Samru – powerful lady of north India, ruling a large area from Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh.[206]
- Lukman Sardi – Indonesian actor converted to Christianity after marriage.[207][208][209]
- Mohamed Alí Seineldín – a former Argentine army colonel who participated in two failed coup attempts against the democratically elected governments of both President Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem in 1988 and 1990.[210]
- Saint Serapion of Kozheozersky - Former Muslim of Tartar ancestry who converted to Christianity and founded the Kozheozersky Monastery in northern Russia.[211]
- The Sibirsky family – the foremost of many Genghisid (Shaybanid) noble families formerly living in Russia.[212]
- Sharena – Indonesian actress and model converted to Christianity after marriage.[213][214]
- Bilquis Sheikh – a Pakistani author and Christian missionary.[215]
- Bashir Shihab II – a Lebanese emir (prince) who ruled Lebanon in the first half of the 19th century. His family was Sunni Muslim and some of which converted to Christianity at the end of the 18th century.[216]
- The Shihab family – prominent Lebanese noble family who originally belonged to Sunni Islam and converted to Christianity at the end of the 18th century.[217]
- Walid Shoebat – American author and former member of the PLO.[218]
- Nasir Siddiki – Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant.[219]
- Amir Sjarifuddin – Indonesian socialist leader who later became the prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution.[220]
- Skanderbeg – Albanian military leader. Skanderbeg was forcibly converted to Islam from Christianity, but reverted to Christianity later in life.[221]
- James Scurry – British soldier and statesman.[222]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin – Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan.[223]
- Albertus Soegijapranata – born in Surakarta, Dutch East Indies, to a Muslim courtier and his wife who later converted to Catholicism. He was the first native Indonesian bishop and known for his pro-nationalistic stance, often expressed as "100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian".[224]
- Patrick Sookhdeo – British Anglican canon.[225]
- Maria Aurora von Spiegel – (born Fatima) was a Turkish mistress of Augustus II the Strong and the wife of a Polish noble.[226]
- Ahmed es-Sikeli - baptised a Christian under the name Peter, was a eunuch and kaid of the Diwan of the Kingdom of Sicily during the reign of William I. His story was recorded by his Christian contemporaries Romuald Guarna and Hugo Falcandus from Sicily and the Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun.[227]
T
- Hakan Tastan and Turan Topal – two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam".[228]
- Hary Tanoesoedibjo – Indonesian politician and businessman.[229][230]
- Maria Temryukovna – a Circassian princess, and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia who was born in a Muslim upbringing, and baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church on 21 August 1561.[231]
- Tabaraji of Ternate – a Indonesian sultan converted to Roman Catholicism after 1534 and baptised with the name Dom Manuel.[232][233]
- Casilda of Toledo – daughter of a Muslim king of Toledo (called Almacrin or Almamun). She became ill as a young woman and traveled to northern Iberia to partake of the healing waters of the shrine of San Vicente. When she was cured, she was baptized at Burgos. She is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church.[234]
- Ghorban Tourani – former Iranian Sunni Muslim who became a Christian minister. Following multiple murder threats, he was abducted and murdered on 22 November 2005.[235]
- Aman Tuleyev – Russian governor of Kemerovo Oblast.[236]
- Rajah Tupas – Filipino prince and son of the Rajah Humabon, converted with his family by Magellan.[237][238]
U
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh (Arabic: عبيد الله بن جحش) – brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, brother in law and first cousin of Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet).[239] He has been cited as one of the four monotheistic hanifs by Ibn Ishaq who converted to Christianity after his migration to Abyssinia.[240]
- Udo Ulfkotte – German journalist who was born a Christian, became an atheist, then converted to Islam and finally converted back to Christianity.[241][242]
- Nafa Urbach – Indonesian singer, actress and model.[243][244][245]
- Utameshgaray of Kazan – Khan of Kazan Khanate.[50] He was forced to convert to Christianity following the Siege of Kazan.[50]
- Laysan Utiasheva – Russian gymnast, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.[246][247][248]
W
- George Weah – Liberian soccer player (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[249]
- Sigi Wimala – Indonesian model and actress, converted to Catholicism after marriage.[250][251]
- Wu'erkaixi – Uyghur dissident known for his leading role during the Tiananmen protests of 1989.[252][253]
- Ibrahim Tunggul Wulung – Indonesian evangelist and missionary.[254][255]
X
- Muley Xeque – (Arabic: مولاي الشيخ Mawlay al-Shaykh) was a Moroccan prince, born in Marrakech in 1566. Exiled in Spain, he converted to Roman Catholicism in Madrid and was known as Philip of Africa or Philip of Austria.[256]
Y
- Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan – last khan of Kazan Khanate.[50]
- Mosab Hassan Yousef – son of a Hamas leader.[257]
- Ramzi Yousef – Al Qaeda member and the main participant in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and The Bojinka plot.[258][259]
- Nania Kurniawati Yusuf – Indonesian singer, finalist of the first season to Indonesian Idol, 2004.[260][261]
Z
- Zaida of Seville – born an Iberian Muslim. Zaida was forced to convert to Christianity.[262] When Seville fell to the Almoravids, she fled to the protection of Alfonso VI of Castile, becoming his mistress, converting to Christianity and taking the baptismal name of Isabel.[263]
- Zayd Abu Zayd – the last Almohad governor of Valencia, Spain. Abu Zayd remained a loyal ally of James I, and in 1236 he converted to Roman Catholicism, adopting the name of Vicente Bellvis, a fact which he however kept secret until the fall of Valencia.[264]
- Saye Zerbo – President of the Republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso).[265]
See also
References
- ^ Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion. 11: 8. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ USSD Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2009). "International Religious Freedom Report 2009". Retrieved 6 March 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". IJRR. 11 (10): 1–19. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ "5,000 Azerbaijanis adopted Christianity" (in Russian). Day.az. 7 July 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
- ^ "Christian Missionaries Becoming Active in Azerbaijan" (in Azerbaijani). Tehran Radio. 19 June 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
- ^ Algeria: Situation of Christians, including the treatment of Christians by society and by the authorities
- ^ a b c d e f Muslims Turn to Christ – ChristianAction[dead link]
- ^ Gary Lane. "House Churches Growing in Iran". Cbn.com. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ^ TURKEY: Protestant church closed down
- ^ Turkish Protestants still face 'long path' to religious freedom
- ^ khadijabibi (30 October 2009). "35,000 Muslims convert into Christianity each year in Turkey". Chowk.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Christians in Kosovo Conversion rate
- ^ Jeni Mitchell. "FREEradicals – Targeting Christians in Central Asia". Icsr.info. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Despite Government Set-backs, Christianity Is Alive in Central Asia". Opendoorsusa.org. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ^ George Sanikidze and Edward W. Walker (2004), Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies., p. 12, University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
- ^ http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/285-ensiklopedi/877-melukis-300-potret-diri Biografi Basuki Abdullah
- ^ Former terrorist trades weapons for olive branch
- ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/19/rev-saeed-abedini-american-christian-imprisoned-preaching-christianity_n_2332690.html Rev. Saeed Abedini, American Christian, Imprisoned In Iran For Preaching Christianity, Thrown In Notorious Prison
- ^ Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.[1]; January 8th Saints
- ^ http://www.rnw.nl/arabic/article/467965
- ^ http://www.hdhod.com/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF_a34209.html
- ^ Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X, Google Print, p. 3.
- ^ Grammy awards (25 August 2007). ""All hail The chieftain", Independent News". Independent.ie. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. p. 84.
- ^ Kevin Shillington, History of Africa,
Leo Africanus (following his capture by Christians and forced conversion to Christianity
- ^ http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/turkishs.htm
- ^ http://books.google.ca/books?id=qxcFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA125&dq=%22safdar+ali%22+church+missionary+intelligencer&hl=en&ei=271tTce5F4rHgAeHhtjzAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false THE CHURCH MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCER
- ^ http://m.famousfix.com/p8886275/safdar-ali/ Safdar Ali
- ^ "'Messiah' Mehmet Ali Agca hopes to cash in on Pope attack". The Times. 29 February 2012.
- ^ The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah
- ^ Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service
- ^ http://www.piousfabrications.com/2008_09_01_archive.html
- ^ "CBC Radio – The Current – Whole Show Blow-by-Blow". Archived from the original on 23 October 2012.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ He saved me – The story of Hussain Andaryas from Afghanistan
- ^
Petre, Jonathan (8 October 2005). "'Wealth' church leader practised what he preached". Telegraph. Retrieved 4 August 2007.
the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=(help) - ^ http://www.korabel.ru/persones/detail/9.html Авраамий Богданович Асланбегов
- ^ http://www.slidegossip.com/2013/12/asmirandah-pindah-agama-atau-keyakinan-demi-bisa-menikah-lagi-dengan-jonas-rivanno.html Asmirandah come to the church once a week.
- ^ http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/soal-foto-ibadah-di-gereja-asmirandah-agamaku-adalah-hakku-db1e5f.html My religion is my own right.
- ^ http://manado.tribunnews.com/2014/03/30/kkr-pendeta-gilbert-di-manado-oc-kaligis-dan-asmirandah-bersaksi I myself may be new to the Lord Jesus.
- ^ http://kesaksian-life.blogspot.fr/2014/04/kesaksian-asmirandah-artis-indonesia.html Testimony Asmirandah "Indonesian Artist."
- ^ Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain
- ^ Biography of Johannes Aveteranian
- ^ Juan Andrés, Confusión o confutación de la secta mahomética y del Alcorán, edited by Elisa Ruiz García (Salamanca, 2003).
- ^ "Casamiento de Macri y Awada" (in Spanish). Hola. 16 November 2010.
- ^ "Adebayo Akinfenwa: Wimbledon's 'Beast' - 10 things you never knew". BBC Sport. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Hutchison, Robert A. (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. St. Martin's Press. p. 7. ISBN 0312193440. – "Sister Josephine Bakhita had been converted by force to Islam and then, freedom restored, had chosen Christianity".
- ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20121028030321/http://pinoyyouth.org:80/blog/christian-music/sarah-balabagan-thanks-god-encourages-ofws-with-new-album. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Fla. police: No credible threat to runaway convert, AP". miamiherald.com. 14 November 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2012.[dead link]
- ^ The Kurdish Minority Problem, p.11, December 1948, ORE 71-48, CIA "The first of the major Barzani revolts took place in 1931 after Sheikh Ahmed Barzani, one of the most prominent Kurdish leaders in Iraqi Kurdistan, announced his conversion to Christianity and succeeded in defeating a number of other Kurdish tribes as well as regular Iraqi troops." [2].
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Үтәмешгәрәй". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
- ^ Massie, Robert K. (1981). Peter the Great. Soviet Union: Ballantine Books. p. 469. ISBN 0345298063.
- ^ J.S. Clarke. "History". Linda Haggin Peck. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
- ^ http://www.maghrebchristians.com/2012/08/12/algerian-muslim-convert-talks-about-christ/#ixzz247YeaG8y
- ^ Beale, Lewis. "Precious Freedom. USA Weekend Magazine. November 9, 2003.
- ^ I Love Jeddah in the Springtime Time magazine
- ^ Benin's new president announced
- ^ "Säyed Borhan xan/Сәет Борһан хан". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
- ^ http://www.soveral.info/mas/Souza%20do%20Prado.htm
- ^ The Maronites in history, Matti Moosa, p283
- ^ Khairallah 1996, p. 83.
- ^ "Church completes 125 years". The Times of India. 20 November 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
- ^ "Yayi Boni is Benin's next President". Afrol.com.
- ^ http://theologan.com/post/2995543805/the-ergun-caner-controversy The Ergun Caner Controversy
- ^ http://www.christianitytoday.com/gleanings/2015/january/broken-ergun-caner-resigns-president-brewton-parker-college.html?paging=off 'Broken' Ergun Caner Resigns as President of Brewton-Parker College
- ^ "KapanLagi.com: Rianti Cartwright: JOMBLO Dekat Dengan Realitas"
- ^ http://img408.imageshack.us/img408/2461/pamfletrianticartwright.jpg perkawinan katolik
- ^ http://christoperlee.blogspot.fr/2011/12/kassian-cephas-pelopor-foto-pertama.html Ia masik agama Kristen Protestan pada usia remaja, sekitar 15 atau 16 tahun
- ^ http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_1981_num_22_1_1669 Un exemple d'assimilation à Java
- ^ "Djibril Cisse Biography". Netglimse.com. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Mondial : ces joueurs de foot ont la foi !, Benoît Fidelin, Pèlerin N° 6654, June 10, 2010 Template:Wayback
- ^ "New York Times obituary". nytimes.com. 2 May 1998. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Africana Online Template:Wayback
- ^ Constantine the African
- ^ Constantine the African, or Constantinus Africanus (medieval medical scholar)
- ^ http://journeytoorthodoxy.com/2010/06/a-history-of-orthodox-missions-among-muslims/
- ^ Stallaert, C. 1998
- ^ Stuart B. Schwartz, All Can Be Saved: Religious Tolerance and Salvation in the Iberian Atlantic, p. 62
- ^ Rudnytsky, Peter L.(1987). Essays in modern Ukrainian history. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. p. 186
- ^ Muslim to Catholic Convert Hansen Hashem Clarke Member of US Congress.
- ^ http://www.oldies.com/artist-biography/Chamillionaire.html artist biography of Chamillionaire
- ^ http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/music/whats_up_with-38403029.html On religion: "I go to church every Sunday I'm in Houston. Now I have people asking for autographs in church. It's crazy, but yeah, I still do that and I still pay tithes and all that stuff."
- ^ Le Populaire, ISSN 0851-2444 Parameter error in {{issn}}: Invalid ISSN., N°3232, 31 August 2010, p. 2
- ^ "Qui est Moussa Dadis Camara, le nouveau president de la Guinee?", Guineenews, 26 December 2008 Template:Fr icon.
- ^ Galanyi.com
- ^ The Maronites in history, Matti Moosa, p283
- ^ http://www.lefaso.net/spip.php?article38255 Et Moussa devint Moïse
- ^ http://www.paperblog.fr/3582150/burkina-faso-guinee-dadis-camara-devient-chretien-au-pays-des-hommes-integres/ "Dadis Camara devient chrétien au " Pays des hommes intègres"
- ^ http://romojost.blogspot.com/2013/02/djamin-alias-imin-alias-darmoyuwono.html
- ^ http://www.wnd.com/2007/02/40047/ DESCENDANT OF MUHAMMAD CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANITY
- ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/the-right-rev-hassan-dehqanitafti-exiled-anglican-bishop-in-iran-832817.html The Right Rev Hassan Dehqani-Tafti: Exiled Anglican Bishop in Iran
- ^ http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/51878.htm "IN THE HOLY NAME OF GOD WHO IS OUR LIFE AND EXISTENCE"
- ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-mehdi-dibaj-1412186.html Obituary: Mehdi Dibaj
- ^ http://theperspective.org/articles/0617200501.html Religion And Power in Liberia
- ^ http://www.liberianobserver.com/editorials/tolerance-key-protecting-liberia%E2%80%99s-christian-muslim-harmony Tolerance: The Key To Protecting Liberia’s Christian-Muslim Harmony
- ^ http://www.manastir-lepavina.org/arhiva/novosti/index.php/engtext/detaljnije/orthodoxy_in_indonesia_an_interview_with_archimandrite_daniel_bambang_dwi_b/ Interview with Archimandrite Daniel
- ^ http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/byantoro_indonesia.htm The birth of the Orthodox Church in Indonesia
- ^ Egypt: Christian convert from Islam jailed – Compass Direct News, 18 October 2006
- ^ Paul Hofmann, Pope Bans Marriage of Princess to Shah, The New York Times, 24 February 1959, p. 1.
- ^ Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)
- ^ The price to pay (autobiography), published on 25 March 2010, The Work Editions , ISBN 978-2-35631-060-6
- ^ [5]
- ^ Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website
- ^ http://www.trunews.com/ex-muslim-preaches-the-gospel/ ‘Ex-Muslim’ preaches the Gospel
- ^ http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35843991
- ^ Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
- ^ Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks? Government testimony (PDF)
- ^ Daveed Gartenstein-Ross biography on his website
- ^ Nadir Shah and the Afsharid Legacy, The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Ed. Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly and Charles Melville, (Cambridge University Press, 1991) , 11.
- ^ http://soref.tv/the-death-of-a-forgotten-princess/, The Death of a Forgotten Princess.
- ^ http://www.royalark.net/Egypt/egypt13.htm, The Muhammad 'Ali Dynasty
- ^ Ruffa Gutierrez reaffirms her Christian faith
- ^ http://www.mb.com.ph/ruffa-gutierrez-on-men-and-calculated-love/ "He has to be God-fearing. I’ve been with someone of different religion and while I accept all religions, it would be nice if me and my man could go to Church together," she said.
- ^ http://www.yowmomma.com/ruffa-gutierrez/ruffa-gutierrez-visited-baclayon-church-one-of-the-oldest-churches-in-the-philippines-built-in-the-1500s-it-was-devastated-by-the-7-2-magnitude-earthquake-that-hit-bohol-last-oct-15-2013-heart/ Ruffa Gutierrez: Visited Baclayon Church
- ^ Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, Spain, Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1-74059-700-1, Google Print, pp. 743.
- ^ http://www.markmaranga.com/rajah-humabon-park-in-cebu/ Rajah Humabon was given the name Carlos in honor of King Charles V of Spain and his wife Queen Juana after King Charles’ mother
- ^ http://www.hawaii.edu/cps/magellancross.html Magellan's Cross, on the Island of Cebu
- ^ L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-31963-6, M1 Google Print, pp. 223 Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.
- ^ Gutierrez, Scott (28 July 2006). "Shooting suspect was baptized". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 1 August 2006.
- ^ "Marriages of the Holy Prophet". Al-islam.org. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Faith in Sports
- ^ http://www.nonstop-online.com/2014/02/artis-pesbukers-lecehkan-islam/ Artis Pesbukers ‘Lecehkan’ Islam …
- ^ http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2014/05/22/kata-keluarganya-jessica-iskandar-sudah-menikah-setahun-lalu Kata Keluarganya, Jessica Iskandar Sudah Menikah Setahun Lalu
- ^ Qadry Ismail's bio on TheGoal.com
- ^ Article on Raghib Ismail: Rocket shows strong path
- ^ [6]
- ^ in Catholic community
- ^ http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/former-imam-recounts-torture-after-christian-conversion-29404/
- ^ Note: Sharia, the Arabic term for Islamic law, is typically spelled "Syariah" in Malaysian English
- ^ Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic
- ^ {{cite web + |url = http://www.rosconcert.com/common/arc/story.php/26928 + |script-title=ru:Кабаеву не пустили в мечеть + |quote = + |date = 28 November 2002 + |accessdate = 2013-01-09 + |language = ru + |archiveurl = http://hiyo.jp/cache/of/2013-01-09-20-36-54/http://www.rosconcert.com/common/arc/story.php/26928+%7Carchivedate = 9 January 2013+}}
- ^ Религия в жизни спортсмена: вера или суеверие? Телепрограмма "Православная энциклопедия", прямой эфир на канале ТВЦ 22.01.05
- ^ + (15 December 2006+). "Алина Кабаева призналась, что верит в Бога и любит читать Библию+". +. +. Retrieved 2013-01-07+.
{{cite web}}:|author=has numeric name (help); Check date values in:|accessdate=and|date=(help) - ^ Allen, W.E.D. (1932). A history of the Georgian people; from the beginning down to the Russian conquest in the nineteenth century. London: Routledge & K. Paul. p. 383. ISBN 0-7100-6959-6.
- ^ http://www.geneagraphie.com/getperson.php?personID=I670984&tree=1 Family all over the world
- ^ Template:Ru icon Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East by Alexei Pylev. 13 April 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2006
- ^ Okanla, Karim (20 August 2003). "Benin's 'magical' leader". BBC news.
- ^ Потребность быть настоящей // "Фома" № 6, 2008
- ^ "Кино в деталях" на СТС (05.11.2005)
- ^ "Article about Kusturica's religion on". Pionirovglasnik.com. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "News of Kusturica's baptism on passagen.se". Hem.passagen.se. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 – "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading Sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and Sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
- ^ Cryer, Neville Barker (1979). Bibles Across the World. United States of America: Mowbrays. p. 94. ISBN 0264664175.
- ^ http://www.theawl.com/2012/07/the-slave-who-circumnavigated-the-world The Slave Who Circumnavigated The World
- ^ http://www.voaindonesia.com/content/sejarawan-harvard-penjelajah-bumi-pertama-putera-melayu/1711514.html Sejarawan Universitas Harvard: Penjelajah Bumi Pertama adalah Putera Melayu
- ^ http://forgottennewsmakers.com/2013/12/29/sake-dean-mahomed-1759-1851-first-indian-to-publish-a-book-own-a-restaurant-and-do-shampooing-in-england/ SAKE DEAN MAHOMED (1759 – 1851) First Indian to Publish a Book, Own a Restaurant and Do "Shampooing" in England
- ^ http://www.criterion-quarterly.com/sake-dean-mahomet-1759-1851/ Sake Dean Mahomet (1759-1851)
- ^ India in the Time of Dean
- ^ http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2010/09/20/zakat-pinkan-mambo-pindah-ke-gereja Pinkan Mambo move to church
- ^ http://www.cekricek.co.id/nama-peristiwa/item/10413-pinkan-mambo-menikah-di-gereja-secara-sederhana.html Pinkan Mambo married in a church in Los Angeles
- ^ http://metrotangsel.com/2013/10/wawancara-eksklusif-dengan-deetje-ibunda-pinkan-mambo-2/ Pinkan Mambo confirms be married to Steve Wantania
- ^ Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary. United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0340806966.
- ^ Saya juga minta maaf kepada seluruh komunitas Gereja Ortodok diakses 3 February 2006
- ^ Roy Marten, who said that he has been a follower of the Church for three years diakses 3 February 2006
- ^ Roy Marten Main Sinetron Edisi Natal diakses 12 December 2006
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&pg=PA1 Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions
- ^ http://www.faith2share.net/Mission/Missionaries/AbdulMasih/tabid/287/language/en-GB/Default.aspx Abdul Masih (1765 - 1827) An influential indigenous Indian missionary
- ^ In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, pg. 284
- ^ "Carlos Menem" Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Berend, Nora. At the Gate of Christendom: Jews, Muslims and Pagans in Medieval Hungary, c. 1000–c. 1300. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02720-5.
- ^ http://st-takla.org/zJ/index.php?option=com_icopts&task=&sm=3-2&c=&dbl=en&tht=1309039200
- ^ http://www.wiscopts.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=153&Itemid=97
- ^ http://st-takla.org/Saints/Coptic-Orthodox-Saints-Biography/Coptic-Saints-Story_794.html
- ^ Helen M. Faller, Nation, Language, Islam: Tatarstan's Sovereignty Movement
- ^ http://aleteia.org/2015/10/16/when-a-catholic-bishop-baptized-his-muslim-father/
- ^ Brad Biggs (20 May 2005). "Muhammad all about giving as well as receiving". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 148.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 196.
- ^ Merica, Dan (1 October 2011). "Iranian pastor faces death for rape, not apostasy – report". CNN.
- ^ http://manado.tribunnews.com/2013/10/04/pesan-terakhir-diana-nasution-jangan-lupa-pelayanan-gereja "Mama benar-benar minta jangan sampai lupa pelayanan gereja,"
- ^ http://life.viva.co.id/news/read/449316-rita-nasution-dan-minggus-tahitoe-berduet-di-depan-peti-diana Walau saya Muslim, Hajah saya tetap bisa menyanyikan semua lagu.
- ^ Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
- ^ Flight from Iran
- ^ "African Studies Quarterly". Africa.ufl.edu. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ http://www.islamnews.ru/news-8292.html Какие традиции продолжает глава МВД Рашид Нургалиев
- ^ http://survincity.com/2011/12/the-priests-said-interior-minister-nurgaliyev/ The priests said Interior Minister Nurgaliyev
- ^ Malika Oufkir: the American Making of a Moroccan Star
- ^ Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 81-208-1642-0, Google Print, pp. 122–123.
- ^ Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief
- ^ http://oktavita.com/foto-agni-pratistha-menikah-di-gereja.htm Foto Agni Pratistha Menikah di Gereja
- ^ http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2013/12/15/agni-pratistha-baru-resepsi-meski-menikah-juni-di-amrik Agni Pratistha, Baru Resepsi Meski Menikah Juni di Amrik
- ^ http://www.jpnn.com/read/2014/01/16/211141/Kehamilan-Agni-Pratistha-Disebar-di-Instagram-# Kehamilan Agni Pratistha Disebar di Instagram
- ^ Qureshi, Nabeel (2014). Seeking Allah, Finding Jesus: A Devout Muslim Encounters Christianity. Grand Rapids: Michigan: Zondervan. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-310-51502-9.
- ^ Qureshi, Nabeel. "Biography". Teams. Ravi Zacharias International Ministries. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- ^ http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/tracking-down-daud-rahbar/ Tracking down Daud Rahbar
- ^ http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2013/10/countries/united-states/exiled-writer-educator-dr-daud-rahbar-passed-away-in-florida Exiled writer, educator Dr Daud Rahbar passed away in Florida
- ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=21687
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gj3YL-yrf9I
- ^ Western Journalism: "Watch: This Former Muslim Just Sent Obama A Wake Up Call On ISIS That Is An Absolute Must-See" by Tom Hinchey September 4, 2014
- ^ Norge IDAG – Norwegian language newspaper – Friday 7 May 2010
- ^ Istoria şi tradiţiile minorităţii rromani, p.28, 2005, Sigma, Bucharest, Delia Grigore, Petre Petcuţ and Mariana Sandu – "Born to a Rom Muslim slave father and a free Romanian Christian mother, Razvan converted to Christianity, thereby, attracting the wrath of the Ottomans."
- ^ http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/toleransi-beragama-di-keluarga-dewi-rezer-coo3qbm.html Toleransi Beragama di Keluarga Dewi Rezer
- ^ http://www.indosiar.com/gossip/menikah-di-bali-dewi-rezer--marcelino-seperti-mimpi_63041.html Menikah di Bali, Dewi Rezer & Marcelino Seperti Mimpi
- ^ http://infoindonesiakita.com/2014/04/05/jokowi-dan-james-riady/ Jokowi dan James Riady
- ^ http://www.voa-islam.com/read/indonesiana/2014/01/30/28880/james-riyadi-mengkristenkan-indonesia-dengan-rumah-sakit/#sthash.VzezE23Q.dpbs James Riyadi Mengkristenkan Indonesia Dengan Rumah Sakit
- ^ Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar
- ^ Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850 – 1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9
- ^ Publisher's review for Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar – ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity")
- ^ http://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2006/01/26/l-adieu-du-kosovo-a-son-premier-president-ibrahim-rugova_734723_3214.html "Jean Paul II et Mère Teresa sont les deux personnalités qui ont le plus influencé sa vie"
- ^ http://progressive.org/mag_apb012405 Albanian Gandhi Dies
- ^ http://www.gazetatema.net/web/2013/09/21/don-shan-zefi-kam-dilema-nese-ibrahim-rugova-eshte-konvertuar-ne-katolik/ Don Shan Zefi: Kam dilemma nëse Ibrahim Rugova
- ^ http://www.thefreelibrary.com/L'enigme+de+la+reine+Nazli.-a0322366394 L'enigme de la reine Nazli.
- ^ http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=5970854 converted to Catholicism in 1950 and took the name Mary Elizabeth.
- ^ http://agama.kompasiana.com/2010/12/25/kyai-sadrach-dari-pesantren-menuju-gereja-327221.html Kyai Sadrach, Dari Pesantren Menuju Gereja
- ^ http://biokristi.sabda.org/kiai_sadrach Makna Sumbangan Komunitas Sadrach bagi Upaya Kontekstualisasi Gereja
- ^ The Indian Mutiny and the British Imagination by Gautam Chakravarty · Cambridge, 242 pp ISBN 0-521-83274-8
- ^ Bukti Hanung Berjiwa Labil dan Sebarkan Virus
- ^ Antara Hanung Bramantyo dan Muhammad Syarif
- ^ [VIDEO] Kesaksian Lukman Sardi Saat Mantap Pindah Keyakinan
- ^ "Argentine ex-army colonel who led uprisings dies". Taiwan News. Associated Press. 2 September 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
- ^ http://www.oocities.org/umaximov/maximoveng2.htm
- ^ Michael Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier, Indiana University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-253-21770-9, M1 Google Print, p. 265.
- ^ http://oktavita.com/sharena-rizky-sudah-menikah-tapi-bercerai.htm: Berita Sharena Rizky Sudah Menikah Tapi Bercerai
- ^ http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/ryan-delon-tetap-izinkan-sharena-gunawan-syuting-1388e3.html: Ryan Delon Tetap Izinkan Sharena Gunawan Syuting
- ^ http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/56767.Bilquis_Sheikh I Dared to Call Him Father: The Miraculous Story of a Muslim Woman's Encounter with God
- ^ http://www.khazen.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=620&Itemid=185
- ^ Ivan Mannheim, Syria & Lebanon handbook, Footprint Travel Guides, 2001, ISBN 1-900949-90-3, Google Print, p. 567.
- ^ Biography of Walid Shoebat
- ^ Is the 'prosperity gospel' prospering?
- ^ Vickers (2005), page 86
- ^ Rendina, Claudio (2000). La grande enciclopedia di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton, 1136. ISBN 88-8289-316-2.
- ^ Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians. p. 196
- ^ Schwaner, Birgit (1 June 2007). "Der Abenteurer aus Ober St. Veit" (in German). Weiner Zeitung. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=(help) - ^ Aritonang, Jan S.; Steenbrink, Karel A., eds. (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Studies in Christian Mission. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17026-1.
- ^ Islam, the West and the need for honesty
- ^ http://www.beautifulnetwork.de/august/seiten/maetressen/fatima.html Fatima Maria Anna von Spiegel
- ^ "Il Gaito Pietro"
- ^ TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT
- ^ http://www.corakwarna.com/suara2-keberatan-ke-ht-yg-cina-murtad-prabowo-yg-berontak-pramono-edhi-yg-muallaf.html Hary Tanoe Akui Ayahnya Muslim Taat. Ustadz Shabri: Berarti dia Murtad
- ^ http://www.orangterkayaindonesia.com/profil-hary-tanoesoedibjo-orang-super-kaya-di-indonesia/ Profil Hary Tanoesoedibjo dan Perjalanan Kesuksesannya
- ^ Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982
- ^ Diplomats The Cambridge History of Islam
- ^ Ternate Sultanat
- ^ St. Casilda – Saint of the Day – American Catholic
- ^ Diplomats Concerned About Killing of Iranian Pastor
- ^ http://www.hraicjk.org/apostasy_and_prophet_muhammad.html Theologians from Chechnya and Dagestan ordered Muslims to carry out the death sentence against Gov. Aman Tuleyev "at the first possible opportunity"
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC&pg=PA78 Philippine History - Page 78
- ^ http://topicalphilippines.com/People_Individuals/Tupas_Rajah.html Rajah Tupas was the king of Cebu and was the first Filipino to sign a treaty with Spain in 1565
- ^ "Marriages of the Holy Prophet". Al-islam.org. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Bewley/Saad, p. 68. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgNPaL9CllI
- ^ http://rt.com/news/222395-pegida-islam-protest-germany/ ‘Islam is welcome here, but we want to keep our culture’ - PEGIDA to RT
- ^ http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/nafa-urbach-karirnya-meredup-gara-gara-pindah-agama-6oach5x.html Nafa Urbach, career dimmed Move Because Of Religion ?
- ^ http://showbiz.liputan6.com/read/217333/nafa-urbach-pindah-agama Nafa Urbach Pindah Agama
- ^ http://www.mimitmamat.blogspot.nl/2008/10/al-murtadin-nafa-urbach.html Al Murtadin Nafa Urbach
- ^ Мусульманская община Ярославля встретилась со знаменитой спортсменкой Ляйсан Утяшевой — Муслим-пресс, 21/05/2006
- ^ Ляйсан Утяшева пишет стихи — Комсомольская правда, 29 мая 2009
- ^ Ляйсан Утяшева, рожденная в раю — Советский спорт, 22 февраля 2003, №33(15978)
- ^ You quizzed George Weah – BBC.com
- ^ http://hot.detik.com/read/2009/11/09/150358/1238207/230/sigi-wimala-dinikahi-sutradara-film-di-gereja Sigi Wimala married with Timo Tjahjanto in a Catholic church
- ^ http://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2009/11/11/33/274295/nikah-diam-diam-sigi-wimala-digosipkan-hamil Sigi Wimala pregnant before wedding ?
- ^ http://www.theasiamag.com/people/where-are-the-tiananmen-leaders-now-part-1 Where Are the Tiananmen Leaders Now? (Part 1)
- ^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/4f970144-e658-11e3-9a20-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3F03pEKFY Tiananmen Square: the long shadow
- ^ http://fr.scribd.com/doc/36690616/Pendiri-Gereja-Kristen-Jawa Pendiri Gereja Kristen Jawa
- ^ http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_1979_num_17_1_1463 Karangjoso revisité: aux origines du christianisme à Java central
- ^ Ahmed Mohamed Mgara: http://ecodetetuan.blogspot.com.br/2011/05/mulay-ech-cheij-el-llamado-don-felipe.html
- ^ Catherine Elsworth&Carolynne Wheeler (24 August 2008). "Mosab Hassan Yousef, son of Hamas leader, becomes a Christian". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
- ^ Catholic Online (10 December 2007). "Did Ramzi Yousef Really Convert to Christianity?". Catholic Online. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
- ^ 60 minutes (10 December 2007). "Supermax: A Clean Version Of Hell". 60 minutes. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ http://ebahana.com/warta/1714-nania-kurniawati-yusuf "Sudah satu tahun terakhir saya mengakui bahwa Yesus adalah Tuhan dan juruselamat,"
- ^ http://www.jawaban.com/index.php/health/detail/id/249/news/120214102912/limit/0/Nania-Idol-Jadi-Garam-Dan-Terang-Lewat-Musik-Rock.html Nania yang kini telah memeluk agama Kristen, datang ke Manado untuk ikut serta dalam ibadah raya Kebaktian Kebangunan Rohani
- ^ How England’s royals descend from Andalus
- ^ Canal Sánchez-Pagín; Montaner Frutos; Palencia; Salazar y Acha
- ^ Burns, Robert E. Prince and Almohad conversation Mudejar: New documentation about Abu Zayd. Sharq al-Andalus: Arabs Studies, 4 (Alicante: University, 1987), p. 109-122
- ^ Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."