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{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Louis-Guillaume Perreaux
| name = Louis-Guillaume Perreaux
| image =
| image = Portrait LG PERREAUX.jpg
⚫
| caption = A Drawing of Louis-Guillaume Perreaux
| caption =
| birth_date = 19 February 1816
| birth_date = 19 February 1816
| birth_place = [[Almenêches]], [[Normandy]], France
| birth_place = [[Almenêches]], Normandy, France
| death_date = 1889
| death_date = {{death-date and age|5 April 1889|19 February 1816}}
| death_place =
| death_place = [[Paris]], France
⚫
| occupation = Engineer and inventor
| nationality =French
⚫
| spouse =
| residence = Paris
⚫
| website =
⚫
| occupation = Engineer and inventor
| salary =
| children =
| networth =
⚫
| spouse =
⚫
| website =
| children =
}}
}}


'''Louis-Guillaume Perreaux''' was born in a village called [[Almenêches]], in [[Normandy]], France on 19 February 1816<ref name="Fernand">{{cite web|url=http://we152.lerelaisinternet.com/AMSLLG/Perreaux/louis_perreaux.htm|title=Louis-Guillaume Perreaux|last=Leroyer|first=Fernand|accessdate=3 October 2010}}</ref> was a [[French people|French]] inventor and engineer who submitted one of the first patents for a working [[motorcycle]] in 1869. He died in 1889.<ref name="moto">{{cite web|url=http://www.moto-perreaux.com/|title=La Moto Perreaux|accessdate=3 October 2010}}</ref>
'''Louis-Guillaume Perreaux''' (19 February 1816 – 5 April 1889<ref name="moto">{{cite web|url=http://www.moto-perreaux.com/|title=La Moto Perreaux|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref>) was a [[French people|French]] inventor and engineer who submitted one of the first patents for a working [[motorcycle]] in 1869.


==Early life==
==Early life==
After attending elementary school in [[Almenêches]], and showed an early interest in engineering, inventing a [[cane gun]] (a type of walking stick with a gun concealed inside) at the age of 12. Perreaux was sent to the Minor Seminary of Sees where he formed the ideas that were later published in his first book in 1877, the two-volume ''Lois de l'univers principe de la création'' (''Laws of the Universe''), which is now in the [[Bibliotheque Nationale]] in Paris. He secured a scholarship to the School of Arts and Crafts at [[Châlons-sur-Marne]] in 1836.<ref name="Fernand"/>
Perreaux was born in the village of [[Almenêches]], in [[Normandy]], France, on 19 February 1816.<ref name="Fernand">{{cite web|url=http://we152.lerelaisinternet.com/AMSLLG/Perreaux/louis_perreaux.htm|title=Louis-Guillaume Perreaux|last=Leroyer|first=Fernand|access-date=3 October 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724173905/http://we152.lerelaisinternet.com/AMSLLG/Perreaux/louis_perreaux.htm|archive-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> After attending elementary school in [[Almenêches]] he showed an early interest in engineering, inventing a [[cane gun]] (a type of walking stick with a gun concealed inside) at the age of 12. Perreaux was then sent to the Minor Seminary of Sees where he formed the ideas that were later published in his first book in 1877, the two-volume ''Lois de l'univers principe de la création'' (''Laws of the Universe''), which is now in the [[Bibliothèque Nationale]] in Paris. He secured a scholarship to the School of Arts and Crafts at [[Châlons-sur-Marne]] in 1836.<ref name="Fernand"/>


==Inventions==
==Inventions==
[[Image:Cannon working on the multi-charge principle - Louis-Guillaume Perreaux.jpg|thumb|right|Perreaux's multi-charge gun]]
[[File:Cannon working on the multi-charge principle - Louis-Guillaume Perreaux.jpg|thumb|right|Perreaux's multi-charge gun]]
Perreaux moved to Paris, where he began working on and patenting a range of inventions including a multi-chambered gun, a lock mechanism in 1841, a circular power saw in 1843<ref name="AM">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA42&dq=perreaux&hl=en&ei=_t2oTLa2AZCbOqThiNAM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=perreaux&f=false|title=American Motorcyclist|date=March 1985|accessdate=3 October 2010}}</ref> and scientific instruments such as the Perreaux Dividing Machine, invented in 1846, which could precisely calibrate the divisions on a glass [[thermometer]] using a screw driven [[micrometer]] with a chisel attachment or accurately measure the distance between two points to within a [[micron]] (one thousandth of a millimeter).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://we152.lerelaisinternet.com/AMSLLG/Perreaux/Machine_a_diviser_de_perreaux.htm|title=Perreaux Dividing Machine|accessdate=3 October 2010}}</ref>
Perreaux moved to Paris, where he began working on and patenting a range of inventions including a multi-chambered gun, a lock mechanism in 1841, a circular power saw in 1843<ref name="AM">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vkDAAAAMBAJ&q=perreaux&pg=RA1-PA42|title=American Motorcyclist|date=March 1985|access-date=3 October 2010|last1=Assoc|first1=American Motorcyclist}}</ref> and scientific instruments such as the Perreaux Dividing Machine, invented in 1846, which could precisely calibrate the divisions on a glass [[thermometer]] using a screw driven [[Micrometer (device)|micrometer]] with a chisel attachment or accurately measure the distance between two points to within a [[micron]] (one thousandth of a millimeter).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://we152.lerelaisinternet.com/AMSLLG/Perreaux/Machine_a_diviser_de_perreaux.htm|title=Perreaux Dividing Machine|access-date=3 October 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014160055/http://we152.lerelaisinternet.com/AMSLLG/Perreaux/Machine_a_diviser_de_perreaux.htm|archive-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>


==Steam velocipede==
==Steam velocipede==
{{Main|Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede}}
{{Main|Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede}}
Perreaux experimented with a small steam engine in a bicycle frame, contributing to the invention of the first motorcycle.<ref name="fast lane">{{cite web|url=http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR08/SessionIndex3/?SessionEventID=75994|title=Materials in the fast lane|accessdate=23 September 2010}}</ref> Perreaux patented this design under number 83,691 on 16&nbsp;March 1869 (and continued to improve his invention until 1885).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://anciens-combattants.forumactif.com/inventions-inventeurs-f27/la-moto-perreaux-t833.htm|title=L'invention de la moto|accessdate=3 October 2010}}</ref> The design featured a brass-plated single-cylinder steam engine with an alcohol fuel burner under the saddle<ref name="AM"/> of a French-made [[Pierre Michaux|Michaux]] [[velocipede]] bicycle. Drive was by twin belts,<ref name="Burgess">{{cite book|last=Burgess Wise|first=David|title=Historic Motor Cycles|publisher=Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited|isbn=0 600 34407 X|language=English}}</ref> and it was capable of about {{convert|9|mph}}.<ref name="AM"/> The original machine is on display in the Musse de I'lle de France at the Chateau de Sceaux.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patentpending.blogs.com/patent_pending_blog/2005/09/the_perreaux_st.html|title=The Perreaux Steam Motorcycle|date=11-09-2005|accessdate=3 October 2010}}</ref>
Perreaux experimented with a small steam engine in a bicycle frame, contributing to the invention of the first motorcycle.<ref name="fast lane">{{cite web|url=http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR08/SessionIndex3/?SessionEventID=75994|title=Materials in the fast lane|access-date=23 September 2010}}</ref> Perreaux patented this design under number 83,691 on 16&nbsp;March 1869 (and continued to improve his invention until 1885).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://anciens-combattants.forumactif.com/inventions-inventeurs-f27/la-moto-perreaux-t833.htm|title=L'invention de la moto|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> The design featured a brass-plated single-cylinder steam engine with an alcohol fuel burner under the saddle<ref name="AM"/> of a French-made [[Pierre Michaux|Michaux]] [[velocipede]] bicycle. Drive was by twin belts,<ref name="Burgess">{{cite book|last=Burgess Wise|first=David|title=Historic Motor Cycles|year=1973|publisher=Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited|isbn=0-600-34407-X}}</ref> and it was capable of about {{convert|9|mph}}.<ref name="AM"/> The original machine is on display in the Musée de l’Île-de-France at the [[Château de Sceaux]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patentpending.blogs.com/patent_pending_blog/2005/09/the_perreaux_st.html|title=The Perreaux Steam Motorcycle|date=11 September 2005|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref>


==Military tent==
==Military tent==
One of Perreaux's last inventions was in 1879 when he submitted Patent No. 128,656 for a "system of military tent poles without external cables and without pickets". As well as being much more rigid than conventional tents, Perreaux's design claimed to be simpler, lighter and therefore transportable for military use. He also proposed that several of his square-tent designs could be erected together to form a gallery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_JpnUj2K_KHg/SWtqTn-lIYI/AAAAAAAAATc/94NYTB8qd0o/s1600-h/CCF12012009_00001.jpg|title=Military tent|accessdate=3 October 2010}}</ref>
One of Perreaux's last inventions was in 1879 when he submitted Patent No. 128,656 for a "system of military tent poles without external cables and without pickets". As well as being much more rigid than conventional tents, Perreaux's design claimed to be simpler, lighter and therefore transportable for military use. He also proposed that several of his square-tent designs could be erected together to form a gallery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_JpnUj2K_KHg/SWtqTn-lIYI/AAAAAAAAATc/94NYTB8qd0o/s1600-h/CCF12012009_00001.jpg|title=Military tent|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://motocicleteblog.ro/wp-content/uploads/motocicleteblog/2009/03/3895big.jpg Picture of 1869 Perreaux steam 'velocipede']
* [http://motocicleteblog.ro/wp-content/uploads/motocicleteblog/2009/03/3895big.jpg Picture of 1869 Perreaux steam 'velocipede']{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://we152.lerelaisinternet.com/AMSLLG/Perreaux/Machine_a_diviser_de_perreaux.htm Picture of Perreaux Dividing machine]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101014160055/http://we152.lerelaisinternet.com/AMSLLG/Perreaux/Machine_a_diviser_de_perreaux.htm Picture of Perreaux Dividing machine]
* [http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_JpnUj2K_KHg/SWtqTn-lIYI/AAAAAAAAATc/94NYTB8qd0o/s1600-h/CCF12012009_00001.jpg Military tent patent application showing Perreaux's handwritten notes and signature]
* [http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_JpnUj2K_KHg/SWtqTn-lIYI/AAAAAAAAATc/94NYTB8qd0o/s1600-h/CCF12012009_00001.jpg Military tent patent application showing Perreaux's handwritten notes and signature]


{{Early motorcycles}}
{{Early motorcycles}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
⚫
| NAME = Perreaux, Louis-Guillaume
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 February 1816
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Almenêches]], [[Normandy]], France
| DATE OF DEATH = 1889
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Perreaux, Louis-Guillaume}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Perreaux, Louis-Guillaume}}
[[Category:1816 births]]
[[Category:1816 births]]
[[Category:1889 deaths]]
[[Category:1889 deaths]]
[[Category:French inventors]]
[[Category:19th-century French inventors]]
[[Category:Motorcycle designers]]
[[Category:French motorcycle designers]]
[[Category:Engineers]]
[[Category:Steam motorcycle designers]]
[[Category:People from Normandy]]
[[Category:19th-century French engineers]]
[[Category:People from Argentan]]

[[fr:Louis-Guillaume Perreaux]]

Latest revision as of 04:53, 27 December 2023

Louis-Guillaume Perreaux
A Drawing of Louis-Guillaume Perreaux
Born19 February 1816
Almenêches, Normandy, France
Died5 April 1889 (1889-04-06) (aged 73)
Paris, France
Occupation(s)Engineer and inventor

Louis-Guillaume Perreaux (19 February 1816 – 5 April 1889[1]) was a French inventor and engineer who submitted one of the first patents for a working motorcycle in 1869.

Early life[edit]

Perreaux was born in the village of Almenêches, in Normandy, France, on 19 February 1816.[2] After attending elementary school in Almenêches he showed an early interest in engineering, inventing a cane gun (a type of walking stick with a gun concealed inside) at the age of 12. Perreaux was then sent to the Minor Seminary of Sees where he formed the ideas that were later published in his first book in 1877, the two-volume Lois de l'univers principe de la création (Laws of the Universe), which is now in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. He secured a scholarship to the School of Arts and Crafts at Châlons-sur-Marne in 1836.[2]

Inventions[edit]

Perreaux's multi-charge gun

Perreaux moved to Paris, where he began working on and patenting a range of inventions including a multi-chambered gun, a lock mechanism in 1841, a circular power saw in 1843[3] and scientific instruments such as the Perreaux Dividing Machine, invented in 1846, which could precisely calibrate the divisions on a glass thermometer using a screw driven micrometer with a chisel attachment or accurately measure the distance between two points to within a micron (one thousandth of a millimeter).[4]

Steam velocipede[edit]

Main article: Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede

Perreaux experimented with a small steam engine in a bicycle frame, contributing to the invention of the first motorcycle.[5] Perreaux patented this design under number 83,691 on 16 March 1869 (and continued to improve his invention until 1885).[6] The design featured a brass-plated single-cylinder steam engine with an alcohol fuel burner under the saddle[3] of a French-made Michaux velocipede bicycle. Drive was by twin belts,[7] and it was capable of about 9 miles per hour (14 km/h).[3] The original machine is on display in the Musée de l’Île-de-France at the Château de Sceaux.[8]

Military tent[edit]

One of Perreaux's last inventions was in 1879 when he submitted Patent No. 128,656 for a "system of military tent poles without external cables and without pickets". As well as being much more rigid than conventional tents, Perreaux's design claimed to be simpler, lighter and therefore transportable for military use. He also proposed that several of his square-tent designs could be erected together to form a gallery.[9]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "La Moto Perreaux". Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  2. ^ a b Leroyer, Fernand. "Louis-Guillaume Perreaux". Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  3. ^ a b c Assoc, American Motorcyclist (March 1985). "American Motorcyclist". Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  4. ^ "Perreaux Dividing Machine". Archived from the original on 14 October 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  5. ^ "Materials in the fast lane". Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  6. ^ "L'invention de la moto". Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  7. ^ Burgess Wise, David (1973). Historic Motor Cycles. Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. ISBN 0-600-34407-X.
  8. ^ "The Perreaux Steam Motorcycle". 11 September 2005. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  9. ^ "Military tent". Retrieved 3 October 2010.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis-Guillaume_Perreaux&oldid=1192019748"