Pueraria mirifica: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of legume}} |
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{{Article issues|disputed =June 2009|contradict =June 2009|refimprove =June 2009}} |
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* ''[[Pueraria candollei]]'' var. ''mirifica'' <small>(Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham</small> |
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In Thailand, the plant is known as “Kwao Krua Kao”, the 'Kao' meaning white which distinguishes ''Pueraria mirifica'' from other plants with tuberous roots also sharing the 'Kwao Krua' designation such as ''[[Butea superba]]'', commonly called Kwao Krua Deng (Red) and the 'black' and 'dull grey' Kwao Krua plants. The species was definitively identified as ''Pueraria mirifica'' in 1952. |
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{{Taxobox |
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| name = Kwao Krua |
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
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| divisio = [[Angiosperm|Magnoliophyta]] |
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]] |
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| ordo = [[Fabales]] |
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| familia = [[Fabaceae]] |
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| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]] |
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| binomial = ''Pueraria mirifica'' |
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Dried and powdered, the tuberous root of ''Pueraria mirifica'' has a history of domestic consumption in Thailand in traditional folk medicine as a rejuvenating herb to promote youthfulness in both women and men and is used widely within the now government-regulated practice of [[traditional Thai medicine]].<ref>Subcharoen, P, and Chthaputti, A, Thai Traditional Medicine Kingdom of Thailand</ref> |
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In Thailand, the plant “Kwao Krua” is considered to be a rejuvenating adaptogenic herb and has a history of use in folk medicine. Although the name “Kwao Krua” had been applied to several species of plants having tuberous roots, it was definitively identified as ''Pueraria mirifica'' in 1952 from which an unusual [[estrogenic]] [[phenol]] [[miroestrol]] was isolated eight years later.<ref name="pmid10691701">{{cite journal |author=Chansakaow S, Ishikawa T, Seki H, Sekine (née Yoshizawa) K, Okada M, Chaichantipyuth C |title=Identification of deoxymiroestrol as the actual rejuvenating principle of "Kwao Keur", Pueraria mirifica. The known miroestrol may be an artifact |journal=J. Nat. Prod. |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=173–5 |year=2000 |month=February |pmid=10691701 |doi=10.1021/np990547v |url=}}</ref> There are two kinds of Kwao Krua roots, namely white and red. The White Kwao Krua is the herb used by females and the Red Kwao Krua is the herb used by males. White Kwao Krua has a high concentration of [[phytoestrogen]]s,{{Fact|date=June 2009}} while Red Kwao Krua is used by males and has [[aldosterone]],{{Fact|date=June 2009}} which is a natural hormone. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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Evidence of the use of ''Pueraria mirifica'' can be definitively identified as early as the 13th Century AD. The ancient capital of Burma, known then as Pookham but now called Bagan, was one of the most important centers of knowledge in the Asian region until being sacked and partially destroyed by Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion of the late 13th Century. In 1931 a text was discovered secreted within the walls of a Buddhist temple that predated the [[First Mongol invasion of Burma|Mongol invasion]]. Originally written on palm leaves, and translated into English and published in 1931, the document includes the instructions:<ref name=An1931>{{cite book |title=Tumrayahuakaokrua |first=Luang |last=Anusarnsoondhorn |date=1931-05-15 |publisher=Upasipong printing }}</ref> |
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<blockquote>To take the tuberous root of Pueraria with big leaves, pound and blend with cow’s milk. The benefits of this medicine is to support memory, talk big, and be able to remember three books of the astrology, make the skin smooth like six year old kid, live more than 1,000 years and parasite diseases are not able to be of trouble</blockquote> |
<blockquote>To take the tuberous root of Pueraria with big leaves, pound and blend with cow’s milk. The benefits of this medicine is to support memory, talk big, and be able to remember three books of the astrology, make the skin smooth like six year old kid, live more than 1,000 years and parasite diseases are not able to be of trouble.</blockquote> |
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Modern knowledge of ''Pueraria mirifica'' can be traced to the publication of the booklet containing the reference to the plant's use in ancient times, with the author Luang Anusan Suntara claiming in his publication use of the ingredient reduced wrinkles, got rid of gray hair, improved eyesight and memory, along with other benefits.<ref name=An1931/>{{medcn|date=March 2018}} |
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Kwao Krua is a native herbal plant found in deep forests of the northern region of Thailand. Researchers in the last few years have examined its properties and assessed its possible medical uses.{{Fact|date=June 2009}} |
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Two decades later in 1952 ''Pueraria mirifica'' was formally defined with its botanical nomenclature under the sponsorship of Dr. Kerr, the then Director of the Botanical Section of the Journal of the Siam Society.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} |
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There are 4 varieties<!-- contradiciton:above it says there are two varieties --> of kwao krua that are considered beneficial and can be used for medicinal, food supplementary and cosmetic purposes.{{Fact|date=June 2009}} They are White Kwao Krua (''Pueraria mirifica''), Red Kwao Krua (''Butea superba''), Black Kwao Krua and Dull Grey Kwao Krua. Local communities in Thailand have used ''Pueraria mirifica'' for well over one hundred years, specifically for its supposed rejuvenating qualities. |
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== Etymology == |
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The plant's specific name is derived from Latin ''mirificus'' 'wonderful', 'miraculous'. |
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{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2009}} |
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''Pueraria mirifica'', also known as 'white kwao krua', is a natural tuberous herbal root and contains high levels of natural [[phytoestrogens]].{{Fact|date=June 2009}} It has been claimed to have many natural health and beauty applications.{{Fact|date=June 2009}} |
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==Uses== |
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Some herbal supplements claim various health benefits of the extracts of ''Pueraria mirifica'' including increasing breast size, skin, nail and hair health, reducing acne, balancing hormones and other rejuvenating effect. These claims are unsubstantiated and not backed by medical experts.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/what-to-know-pueraria-mirifica| title = What is Pueraria Mirifica?}}</ref> |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Chemical constituents == |
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==External links== |
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''Pueraria mirifica'' contains various [[phytoestrogens]] including [[deoxymiroestrol]], [[daidzin]], [[daidzein]], [[genistin]], [[genistein]], [[coumestrol]], [[kwakhurin]], and [[mirificine]],<ref name=DC>[https://www.drugs.com/npp/pueraria.html Pueraria], drugs.com</ref> [[Beta-Sitosterol|β-sitosterol]], [[stigmasterol]], [[campesterol]], and [[mirificoumestan]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} There is contradictory evidence for the presence of [[miroestrol]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pope GS| author2= Grundy HM| author3=Jone HEH| author4= Tait SAS | title = The estrogenic substance miroestrol from the tuberous roots of P. mirifica | journal = J Endocrinol | date = 1958 | volume = 17 | pages = 15–16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | author = Chansakaow S| author2= Ishikawa T| author3= Seki H| author4= Sekine K| author5= Okada M| author6= Chaichantipyuth C | title = Identification of deoxymiroestrol as the actual rejuvenating principle of "Kwao Keur", Pueraria Mirifica. The known miroestrol may be an artifact | journal = J Nat Prod | date = 2000 | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 173–175| pmid = 10691701| doi=10.1021/np990547v}}</ref> It also contains the [[Cytotoxicity|cytotoxic]] non-phytoestrogen [[spinasterol]].<ref name=DC/> |
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* [http://www.puresterol.com/gallery.html Gallery] of pueraria mirifica |
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* [http://www.puresterol.com/articles.html Research] of pueraria mirifica |
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* [http://www.anne-selene.com/downloads/MiroHealthResearch.pdf New Research of Pueraria Mirifica] |
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* [http://smithnat.com/pueraria_chemi.html Chemistry] of pueraria mirifica |
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[[Category:Faboideae]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1756035}} |
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{{Faboideae-stub}} |
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[[ |
[[Category:Pueraria|mirifica]] |
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[[ja:プエラリア]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:08, 19 May 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2009) |
| Pueraria mirifica | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Pueraria |
| Species: | P. mirifica
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| Binomial name | |
| Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw & Suvatab.
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| Synonyms | |
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Pueraria mirifica, also known as กวาวเครือ Kwao Krua (among other names), is a plant found in northern and north eastern Thailand and Myanmar.
In Thailand, the plant is known as “Kwao Krua Kao”, the 'Kao' meaning white which distinguishes Pueraria mirifica from other plants with tuberous roots also sharing the 'Kwao Krua' designation such as Butea superba, commonly called Kwao Krua Deng (Red) and the 'black' and 'dull grey' Kwao Krua plants. The species was definitively identified as Pueraria mirifica in 1952.
Dried and powdered, the tuberous root of Pueraria mirifica has a history of domestic consumption in Thailand in traditional folk medicine as a rejuvenating herb to promote youthfulness in both women and men and is used widely within the now government-regulated practice of traditional Thai medicine.[1]
History
[edit]Evidence of the use of Pueraria mirifica can be definitively identified as early as the 13th Century AD. The ancient capital of Burma, known then as Pookham but now called Bagan, was one of the most important centers of knowledge in the Asian region until being sacked and partially destroyed by Kublai Khan's Mongol invasion of the late 13th Century. In 1931 a text was discovered secreted within the walls of a Buddhist temple that predated the Mongol invasion. Originally written on palm leaves, and translated into English and published in 1931, the document includes the instructions:[2]
To take the tuberous root of Pueraria with big leaves, pound and blend with cow’s milk. The benefits of this medicine is to support memory, talk big, and be able to remember three books of the astrology, make the skin smooth like six year old kid, live more than 1,000 years and parasite diseases are not able to be of trouble.
Modern knowledge of Pueraria mirifica can be traced to the publication of the booklet containing the reference to the plant's use in ancient times, with the author Luang Anusan Suntara claiming in his publication use of the ingredient reduced wrinkles, got rid of gray hair, improved eyesight and memory, along with other benefits.[2][medical citation needed]
Two decades later in 1952 Pueraria mirifica was formally defined with its botanical nomenclature under the sponsorship of Dr. Kerr, the then Director of the Botanical Section of the Journal of the Siam Society.[citation needed]
Etymology
[edit]The plant's specific name is derived from Latin mirificus 'wonderful', 'miraculous'.
Uses
[edit]Some herbal supplements claim various health benefits of the extracts of Pueraria mirifica including increasing breast size, skin, nail and hair health, reducing acne, balancing hormones and other rejuvenating effect. These claims are unsubstantiated and not backed by medical experts.[3]
Chemical constituents
[edit]Pueraria mirifica contains various phytoestrogens including deoxymiroestrol, daidzin, daidzein, genistin, genistein, coumestrol, kwakhurin, and mirificine,[4] β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and mirificoumestan.[citation needed] There is contradictory evidence for the presence of miroestrol.[5][6] It also contains the cytotoxic non-phytoestrogen spinasterol.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Subcharoen, P, and Chthaputti, A, Thai Traditional Medicine Kingdom of Thailand
- ^ a b Anusarnsoondhorn, Luang (1931-05-15). Tumrayahuakaokrua. Upasipong printing.
- ^ "What is Pueraria Mirifica?".
- ^ a b Pueraria, drugs.com
- ^ Pope GS; Grundy HM; Jone HEH; Tait SAS (1958). "The estrogenic substance miroestrol from the tuberous roots of P. mirifica". J Endocrinol. 17: 15–16.
- ^ Chansakaow S; Ishikawa T; Seki H; Sekine K; Okada M; Chaichantipyuth C (2000). "Identification of deoxymiroestrol as the actual rejuvenating principle of "Kwao Keur", Pueraria Mirifica. The known miroestrol may be an artifact". J Nat Prod. 63 (2): 173–175. doi:10.1021/np990547v. PMID 10691701.