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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Pedro Gastão
|name = Prince Pedro Gastão
|image = Eu pierre.jpg
|image = Pedro_Gastão_1944.jpg
|caption = Pedro Gastão in 1944
|caption = Pedro Gastão with his paternal grandfather, [[Prince Gaston, Count of Eu|Gaston of Orléans]] during First World War.
|birth_date = 19 February 1913
|birth_date = 19 February 1913
|birth_place = [[Eu, Seine-Maritime]], France
|birth_place = [[Eu, Seine-Maritime]], [[France]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|12|27|1913|2|19|df=y}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2007|12|27|1913|2|19}}
|death_place = [[Villamanrique de la Condesa]], [[Seville (province)|Seville]], Spain
|death_place = [[Villamanrique de la Condesa]], [[Seville (province)|Seville]], [[Spain]]
|succession = [[Brazilian Imperial Family|Head of the Imperial House of Brazil]] (disputed)
|title=Titular Prince of Orléans-Braganza
|reign = 29 January 1940 – 27 December 2007
|succession = Head of the Imperial House of Brazil (disputed)
|successor = Prince Pedro Carlos
|reign = 29 January 1940 – 27 December 2007
| house = [[House of Orléans-Braganza#Petrópolis line|Orléans-Braganza]]
|Period = Pretendence
|successor = [[Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza]]
|father = [[Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará]]
|mother = [[Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz]]
|house = [[House of Orléans-Braganza]]
|spouse = {{marriage|Princess Maria de la Esperanza of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|18 December 1944|8 August 2005|end=d.}}
|father = [[Prince Pedro de Alcântara of Orléans-Braganza]]
|issue = Prince Pedro Carlos<br />Princess Maria da Glória<br />Prince Afonso<br />Prince Manuel<br />Princess Cristina<br />Prince Francisco
|mother = [[Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz]]
|full name = Pedro de Alcântara Gastão João Maria Filipe Lourenço Humberto Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança
|spouse = [[Princess Maria de la Esperanza of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]
|issue = [[Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza|Prince Pedro Carlos]]<br />[[Princess Maria da Gloria, Duchess of Segorbe|Princess Maria da Gloria]]<br />Prince Alfonso Duarte<br />Prince Manuel Álvaro<br />Princess Cristina Maria<br />Prince Francisco Humberto
|full name = Pedro de Alcântara Gastão João Maria Filipe Lourenço Humberto Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança
}}
}}
'''Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza''' (19 February 1913{{spaced ndash}}27 December 2007)<ref>[http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2007/12/27/327776960.asp Morre na Espanha dom Pedro Gastão de Orléans e Bragança]</ref> was the Head of the [[Brazilian Imperial Family#The Petrópolis line|Petrópolis branch]] of the [[House of Orléans-Braganza]] and a claimant to the defunct [[Empire of Brazil|Brazilian throne]] in opposition to the Vassouras branch claim led by his cousins Princes [[Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza|Pedro Henrique]] and [[Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza|Luiz]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Handler, Bruce|date= 5 March 1989|title=Brazil to Decide on Return of Monarchy|journal=Los Angeles Times|pages=34}}</ref>


Pedro Gastão was born during the exile of the [[Brazilian Imperial Family]], being the second child and first son of [[Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará]], sometime heir to the throne of the [[Empire of Brazil]], and [[Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz]]. Never having accepted his father's 1908 renunciation as valid, he actively claimed the Brazilian throne from his father's death in 1940 until his own in 2007.
'''Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza''' (born ''Pedro de Alcântara Gastão João Maria Filipe Lourenço Humberto Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança'') (19 February 1913{{spaced ndash}}27 December 2007)<ref>[http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2007/12/27/327776960.asp Morre na Espanha dom Pedro Gastão de Orléans e Bragança]</ref> was one of two claimants to the Brazilian throne and head of the [[Petrópolis]] branch of the [[Brazilian Imperial House]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Handler, Bruce|date= 5 March 1989|title=Brazil to Decide on Return of Monarchy|journal=Los Angeles Times|pages=34}}</ref>


Pedro Gastão was also uncle to the pretenders to the thrones of Portugal ([[Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza]]) and France ([[Henri, Count of Paris (1933–2019)|Henri, Count of Paris]]) and grandfather to the heir apparent to the defunct Yugoslav throne ([[Philip, Hereditary Prince of Yugoslavia]]).
==Biography==
Prince Pedro Gastão was the son of [[Prince Pedro de Alcântara of Orléans-Braganza]] and [[Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz]]. He was born in [[Eu, Seine-Maritime|Eu]], France. He spent his youth in Europe and at his family's Parisian home in the [[Boulogne sur Seine]] suburb: "I have very good memories of my grandparents...In exile in France I was always brought up thinking of Brazil not France or Portugal."<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bailey, Anthony|date= January 1998|title=Dom Pedro and the lost empire|journal=Royalty|pages=54–59}}</ref>


==Early life==
A few years before his death Pedro Gastão’s father Prince Pedro de Alcântara told a Brazilian newspaper:
[[File:Eu pierre.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Prince Pedro Gastão with his grandfather [[Gaston, Count of Eu]], 1915.]]
:“My resignation was not valid for many reasons: besides, it was not a hereditary resignation.”<ref name=Bodstein>{{cite journal |last=Bodstein |first=Astrid |title=The Imperial Family of Brazil |journal=[[Royalty Digest|Royalty Digest Quarterly]] |issue=3 |year=2006 |url=http://www.brasilimperial.org.br/atualidades.htm |accessdate=28 December 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071016155352/http://brasilimperial.org.br/atualidades.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 16 October 2007}}</ref>
Pedro Gastão, whose name was after his father and grandfather, was born on 19 February 1913 in France in the [[Château d'Eu]], at the homonymous town of [[Eu, Seine-Maritime]], where the Brazilian Imperial Family was installed since 1905. His father, [[Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará]], was the older son of [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]], and had been expected from birth to eventually inherit the Imperial Throne of Brazil naturally. His mother, [[Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz]], was a member of an old [[Czech nobility|Bohemian noble family]]. He was brother to [[Isabelle, Countess of Paris]], [[Princess Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza|Maria Francisca, Duchess of Braganza]], Prince João Maria and Princess Teresa Teodora.


Pedro Gastão spent his youth in Europe, largely at his family's Parisian home in the [[Boulogne sur Seine]] suburb: "I have very good memories of my grandparents [...] In exile in France I was always brought up thinking of Brazil not France or Portugal."<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bailey, Anthony|date= January 1998|title=Dom Pedro and the lost empire|journal=Royalty|pages=54–59}}</ref> In 1922 he saw Brazil for the first time, two years after the repeal of the Banishment Law against the Imperial Family. The family was repatriated and settled at the [[Palácio do Grão-Pará|Imperial Palace of Grão-Pará]], at the town of [[Petrópolis]], where Pedro Gastão attended the Notre Dame de Sion school which rented his father's Palace of Petrópolis.
Following the death of his father supported by [[Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria]] and [[Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona]] he declared himself head of the Imperial Family of Brazil.<ref name=Bodstein/> His position was supported by Francisco Morato the professor of the faculty of Law at the [[University of São Paulo]] who concluded the resignation of Pedro Gastão’s father was not a valid legal or monarchical act. Professor Paulo Napoleão Nogueira da Silva in the 1990s published a report saying that the resignation of his father was invalid under all possible aspects of Brazilian Law.<ref name=Bodstein/>


==Succession==
He represented a rival claim to that of his cousin's son, [[Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]], to be the heir of the deposed Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]], despite the renunciation signed by his father in 1908 when he married, without [[dynasty|dynastic]] approval, a [[Bohemia]]n noblewoman.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20061008221543/http://www.eurohistory.com/braganza.html The Amazon Throne]</ref>
When Pedro Gastão was born, it had been five years since his father had signed the instrument of resignation, by which he theoretically would have renounced the rights of succession to the throne of Brazil for himself and his offspring. The document was accepted by the Princess Imperial and by most royalists.

A few years before his death Pedro Gastão's father Prince Pedro de Alcântara told a Brazilian newspaper:
:"My renunciation was not valid for many reasons: besides, it was not a hereditary renunciation."<ref name=Bodstein>{{cite journal |last=Bodstein |first=Astrid |title=The Imperial Family of Brazil |journal=Royalty Digest Quarterly |issue=3 |year=2006 |url=http://www.brasilimperial.org.br/atualidades.htm |accessdate=28 December 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071016155352/http://brasilimperial.org.br/atualidades.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 16 October 2007}}</ref>

Following the death of his father, and supported by [[Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria]] and [[Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona]], Prince Pedro Gastão declared himself Head of the Imperial Family of Brazil.<ref name=Bodstein/> His position was supported by Francisco Morato, law professor at the [[University of São Paulo]], who concluded the resignation of Pedro Gastão's father was not a valid legal or monarchical act.<ref name=Bodstein/> Professor Paulo Napoleão Nogueira da Silva in the 1990s published a report saying that the resignation of his father was invalid under all possible aspects of Brazilian Law.<ref name=Bodstein/>

He represented a rival claim to that of his cousin's son, [[Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]], to be the heir of the deposed Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]], despite the renunciation signed by his father in 1908 when he married, without [[dynasty|dynastic]] approval, a [[Bohemia]]n noblewoman.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurohistory.com/braganza.html |title=The Amazon Throne |accessdate=2007-02-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008221543/http://www.eurohistory.com/braganza.html |archivedate=8 October 2006 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


Pedro Gastão died aged 94 on 27 December 2007.
Pedro Gastão died aged 94 on 27 December 2007.

His dynastic claim to the head of the imperial house is currently assumed by his male grandson [[Prince Dom Pedro Tiago|Pedro Tiago de Orléans e Bragança]] (born 12 January 1979).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://casaimperialbrasil.pt/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=Casa Imperial do Brasil |language=pt-PT}}</ref>


==Marriage and children==
==Marriage and children==
[[File:Exposição dos restos mortais de Dom Pedro I no Museu Nacional - 33.tif|thumb|Pedro Gastão at the exhibition of the coffin with the remains of Pedro I in the [[Palace of São Cristóvão]] in Rio de Janeiro, 1972]]
He married [[Princess Maria de la Esperanza of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]] (1914–2005), a daughter of [[Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Prince Carlos of the Two Sicilies]] and [[Princess Louise of Orléans]], on 18 December 1944 in [[Seville]], Spain, and had six children:<ref>[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10403.htm#i104030 Genealogy of Prince Pedro Gastão]</ref>
He married Princess Maria de la Esperanza of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1914–2005), a daughter of [[Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Prince Carlos of the Two Sicilies, Infante of Spain]] and [[Princess Louise of Orléans]] a maternal aunt of [[Juan Carlos I]] King of Spain, on 18 December 1944 in [[Seville]], Spain, and had six children:<ref name=willis>Willis, Daniel A., ‘’The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain’’, Clearfield Company, 2002, pp. 141-142. {{ISBN|0-8063-5172-1}}</ref>


*Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza (born 31 October 1945), married Rony Kuhn de Souza (20 March 1938 – 14 January 1979) on 2 September 1975, with issue. He remarried Patricia Branscombe (22 November 1962 – 21 November 2009) on 16 July 1981, with issue. He married Patrícia Alvim Rodrigues, civilly, in 2018 and, religiously, on 9 October 2021.
* [[Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza]] (born 31 October 1945), succeeded to his father's claim as Emperor on 26 December 2007.
**Pedro Tiago de Orléans e Bragança (born 12 January 1979)
* [[Princess Maria da Gloria, Duchess of Segorbe|Princess Maria da Gloria of Orléans-Braganza]] (born 13 December 1946), former Crown Princess of Yugoslavia.
**Felipe de Orléans e Bragança (born 31 December 1982)
* Prince Alfonso Duarte of Orléans-Braganza (born 25 April 1948)
*Maria da Gloria of Orléans-Braganza (born 13 December 1946), married [[Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia|Alexander, Crown Prince of Serbia and Yugoslavia]] on 1 July 1972, divorced in 1985, with issue. She remarried [[:es:Ignacio de Medina y Fernández de Córdoba|Ignacio de Medina y Fernández de Córdoba]], 19th [[Dukedom of Segorbe|Duke of Segorbe]] on 24 October 1985, with issue:
* Prince Manuel Álvaro of Orléans-Braganza (born 17 June 1949)
**[[Prince Peter of Yugoslavia]] (born 1980)
* Princess Cristina Maria of Orléans-Braganza (born 16 October 1950)
**[[Philip, Hereditary Prince of Yugoslavia]] (born 1982), married [[Danica Marinković]] (born 1986) on 7 October 2017, with issue:
* Prince Francisco Humberto of Orléans-Braganza (born 9 December 1956)
***Prince Stefan of Yugoslavia (born 2018)
***Princess Marija of Yugoslavia (born 2023)
**[[Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia (born 1982)|Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia]] (born 1982)
**Sol de Medina y Orléans-Bragança, [[County of Empúries|Countess of Ampurias]] (born 1986), married Pedro Domínguez-Manjón y Toro (of the [[:es:Baronía de Gracia Real|Barons de Gracia Real]]) on 4 June 2023.
**Luna de Medina y Orléans-Bragança, [[:es:Condado de Ricla|Countess of Ricla]] (born 1988), with Giovanni Michele Rapazzini de' Buzzaccarini (born 1993), has a son:
*** Galateo Rapazzini de' Buzzaccarini (born 2023)
*Prince Alfonso of Orléans-Braganza (born 25 April 1948), married Maria Juana Parejo y Gurruchaga (born 1954) on 3 January 1973, divorced with issue. He remarried Sylvia Amelia Senna de Hungria Machado on 19 November 2002.
**Princess Maria de Orléans-Bragança (born 1974), married Walter Santiago Estellano, has a son.
**Princess Julia de Orléans-Bragança (born 1977)
*Prince Manuel of Orléans-Braganza (born 17 June 1949), married Margarita Haffner y Lancha (born 10 December 1945) on 12 December 1977, divorced in 1995, with issue. He remarried Elisa Ariza y Riobóo in 1995.
**Princess Luiza de Orléans-Bragança (born 1978)
**Prince Manuel de Orléans-Bragança (born 1981), married Cássia Letícia Ferreira Kerpel.
*Princess Cristina of Orléans-Braganza (born 16 October 1950), married Prince Jan Paweł [[Sapieha|Sapieha-Rozanski]] (26 August 1935 – 6 August 2021) on 16 May 1980, sometime Belgian ambassador to Brazil<ref name="vogue">Menthe, Caterina. 13 February 2013 [https://en.vogue.me/archive/faces_of_fashion/love-royale/ Love royale]. [[Vogue Arabia]]</ref> divorced in 1988, with issue. She remarried José Carlos Calmon de Brito in October 1992, divorced in 1997.
**Princess Anna Teresa Sapieha-Rozanski (born 1981), married Benjamin Furlong, has a son.
**Princess Paola Sapieha-Rozanski (born 1983), married in 2012 Prince Constantin Nicolas [[Czetwertyński#Belgian branch|Swiatopolk-Czetwertyński]] (born 1978)<ref name="vogue"/>
*Prince Francisco of Orléans-Braganza (born 9 December 1956), married Christina Schmidt-Peçanha (born 14 January 1953) on 28 January 1978, divorced, with issue. He remarried Rita de Cássia Pires in 1980, with issue:
**Prince Francisco de Orléans-Bragança (born 1979), married Mathieu Nyssens on 11 January 2023.<ref>{{cite Instagram|user=royaltyandprotocol|postid=CnxkcXOPIx_|title=Imperial wedding in Petrópolis (Brazil)|date=23 January 2023}}</ref>
**Prince Gabriel de Orléans-Bragança (born 1989)
**Princess Manuela de Orléans-Bragança (born 1997)

==Later years==
===Business===
The prince ran the ''Companhia Imobiliária de Petrópolis'' (Petrópolis Imobiliary Company), that collected the laudemium fee, until the end of the 20th century. Still in the mountain town of Petrópolis, in the 1950s, he acquired the newspaper {{Ill|Tribuna de Petrópolis|pt}}, founded in 1902, and currently managed by his son, Prince Francisco. In 1954 he came to an agreement with his siblings for the definitive sale of the Château d'Eu to the Prefecture of Eu.<ref name=":7">{{cite web|url=http://petropolisnoseculoxx.zip.net/arch2008-05-01_2008-05-31.html|title=Jornais do interior em Petrópolis|date=18 May 2008|access-date=4 January 2018|author=Oazinguito Ferreira|publisher=Petrópolis no Século XX}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |url=http://mapadecultura.rj.gov.br/manchete/dom-francisco-de-orleans-e-braganca |title= Dom Francisco de Orleans e Bragança|accessdate=4 January 2018|publisher=Mapa de Cultura do Rio de Janeiro}}</ref>

===1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum===
In the early 1990s, during the [[1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum|referendum in which the Brazilian people should opt for the monarchy or the republic]], Pedro Gastão was one of the most engaged in the campaign for the monarchy. But with the defeat of the cause, in advanced age, the prince eventually left the country and disallowed the initiative of some of his supporters to found a monarchist party in Brazil. He retired to his wife's property in [[Villamanrique de la Condesa|Villamanrique-de-la-Condessa]], near Seville, Spain.<ref>{{Cite news|title=A realeza brasileira ao alcance das mãos - Brasil - Estadão|language=portuguese|url=http://brasil.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,a-realeza-brasileira-ao-alcance-das-maos,70001731956|work=[[Estadão]]|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref>
===Death===
The couple's last years of life were spent at the princess's estate, where both passed away. Princess Maria de la Esperanza died before him, in 2005, leaving him only with his caretakers and being constantly visited by two of his children who lived in Seville. Prince Pedro Gastão died in the early hours of 27 December 2007, at the age of 94, and was buried the following day, in the chapel of Villamanrique de la Condesa. He received a State funeral with the presence of the Spanish monarchs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Mundo/0,,MUL240253-5602,00-MORRE+AOS+ANOS+DOM+PEDRO+GASTAO+DE+ORLEANS+E+BRAGANCA.html|title=Morre aos 94 anos Dom Pedro Gastão de Orleans e Bragança|date=27 December 2007|language=portuguese|accessdate=28 July 2021|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]}}</ref>


==Ancestors==
==Ancestors==
{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
<center>{{ahnentafel-compact5
|boxstyle_1= background-color: #fcc;
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|boxstyle_2= background-color: #fb9;
|border=1
|boxstyle_3= background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_4= background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''''Prince'' Pedro Gastão de Orléans e Bragança'''
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|2= 2. [[Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará]]
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|3= 3. [[Countess Elisabeth Dobrženský von Dobrženitz]]
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza'''
|2= 2. [[Prince Pedro de Alcântara of Orléans-Braganza]]
|3= 3. [[Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz]]
|4= 4. [[Prince Gaston, Count of Eu]]
|4= 4. [[Prince Gaston, Count of Eu]]
|5= 5. [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]]
|5= 5. [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]]
|6= 6. Count Johann Dobrzensky de Dobrzenicz
|6= 6. Count Johann Wenzel Dobrženský von Dobrženitz
|7= 7. Elisabeth Kottulinsky von Kottulin
|7= 7. Countess Elisabeth Kottulinsky von Kottulin und Krzizkowitz
|8= 8. [[Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours]]
|8= 8. [[Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours]]
|9= 9. [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
|9= 9. [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
|10= 10. [[Pedro II of Brazil]]
|10= 10. [[Pedro II of Brazil]]
|11= 11. [[Teresa of the Two Sicilies]]
|11= 11. [[Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies|Princess Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies]]
|12= 12. Count Johann Nepomuk Dobrzensky de Dobrzenicz
|12= 12. Baron Johann Nepomuk Dobrženský von Dobrženitz
|13= 13. Maria Friederike Wanczura von Rzehnicz
|13= 13. Baroness Marie Friederike Wanczura von Rzehnicz
|14= 14. Count Josef Kottulinsky von Kottulin
|14= 14. Count Josef Kottulinsky von Kottulin und Krzizkowitz
|15= 15. Adelheid von Attems-Heiligenkreuz
|15= 15. Countess Adelheid von Attems-Heiligenkreuz
}}
|16= 16. [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis-Philippe of the French]]
|17= 17. [[Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies]]
|18= 18. [[Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
|19= 19. [[Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág]]
|20= 20. [[Pedro I of Brazil]]
|21= 21. [[Maria Leopoldina of Austria]]
|22= 22. [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]]
|23= 23. [[Maria Isabella of Spain]]
|24= 24. Count Johann Wenzel Dobrzensky de Dobrzenicz
|25= 25. Maria Anna Pergler von Perglas
|26= 26. Josef Joachim Wanczura von Rzehnicz
|27= 27. Maria Friederike La Motte von Frintropp
|28= 28. Count Josef Johann Kottulinsky von Kottulin
|29= 29. Josefa Katzianer von Katzenstein
|30= 30. Franz Anton von Attems-Heiligenkreuz
|31= 31. Countess Ernestine Khuen of Belasi of Lichtenberg and Gandegg
}}</center>
{{ahnentafel bottom}}


==References==
==References==
{{infobox hrhstyles|royal name=Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza|image=[[Image:COA Dinasty Orleães-Bragança.svg|60px]]
|dipstyle=[[His Imperial and Royal Highness]]|offstyle=Your Imperial and Royal Highness|altstyle=Sir|}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.imperialereal.com/ingles/index.htm Brazilian Constitutional Monarchy Historic-Cultural Website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070811174804/http://www.imperialereal.com/ingles/index.htm Brazilian Constitutional Monarchy Historic-Cultural Website]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791734,00.html Brilliant Match – Time Magazine]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080103075503/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791734,00.html Brilliant Match – Time Magazine]
*[http://www.ibem.org/artigos/acrobat/artigo_67.pdf Elisabeth Dobrzensky von Dobrzenicz "Empress of Brazil"]


{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[List of Heads of the Brazilian Imperial House|House of Orléans-Braganza]]|19 February|1913|27 December|2007|[[House of Orléans]]}}
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-bef|before=—}}
{{S-tul|title=[[List of Brazilian monarchs|Emperor of Brazil]]|line=[[Line of succession to the Brazilian throne#Petrópolis line of succession|Petrópolis pretender to the Brazilian throne]]|years=29 January 1940 – 27 December 2007|reason=[[History of Brazil (1889–1930)|Empire abolished in 1889]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza|Prince Pedro Carlos]]}}
{{End}}
{{Pretenders to the Brazilian throne since 1889}}
{{Pretenders to the Brazilian throne since 1889}}
{{Princes of Orléans-Braganza}}
{{Princes of Orléans-Braganza}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Orleans e Braganca, Pedro Gastao de}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Prince Pedro Gastao of Orleans-Braganza
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 February 1913
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Eu, Seine-Maritime]], France
| DATE OF DEATH = 27 December 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Villamanrique de la Condesa]], [[Seville (province)|Seville]], Spain
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pedro Gastao Of Orleans-Braganza, Prince}}
[[Category:Pretenders to the Brazilian throne]]
[[Category:Pretenders to the Brazilian throne]]
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Princes Imperial of Brazil]]
[[Category:Heads of the Imperial House of Brazil]]
[[Category:Heads of the Imperial House of Brazil]]
[[Category:House of Orléans-Braganza]]
[[Category:House of Orléans-Braganza]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Saint Januarius]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George]]
[[Category:French people of Czech descent]]
[[Category:French people of Czech descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of Czech descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of Czech descent]]

Latest revision as of 23:17, 28 June 2024

Prince Pedro Gastão
Pedro Gastão in 1944
Head of the Imperial House of Brazil (disputed)
Reign29 January 1940 – 27 December 2007
SuccessorPrince Pedro Carlos
Born19 February 1913
Eu, Seine-Maritime, France
Died27 December 2007(2007-12-27) (aged 94)
Villamanrique de la Condesa, Seville, Spain
Spouse
Princess Maria de la Esperanza of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
​
​
(m. 1944; died 2005)​
IssuePrince Pedro Carlos
Princess Maria da Glória
Prince Afonso
Prince Manuel
Princess Cristina
Prince Francisco
Names
Pedro de Alcântara Gastão João Maria Filipe Lourenço Humberto Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança
HouseOrléans-Braganza
FatherPedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará
MotherCountess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz

Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza (19 February 1913 – 27 December 2007)[1] was the Head of the Petrópolis branch of the House of Orléans-Braganza and a claimant to the defunct Brazilian throne in opposition to the Vassouras branch claim led by his cousins Princes Pedro Henrique and Luiz.[2]

Pedro Gastão was born during the exile of the Brazilian Imperial Family, being the second child and first son of Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, sometime heir to the throne of the Empire of Brazil, and Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz. Never having accepted his father's 1908 renunciation as valid, he actively claimed the Brazilian throne from his father's death in 1940 until his own in 2007.

Pedro Gastão was also uncle to the pretenders to the thrones of Portugal (Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza) and France (Henri, Count of Paris) and grandfather to the heir apparent to the defunct Yugoslav throne (Philip, Hereditary Prince of Yugoslavia).

Early life

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Prince Pedro Gastão with his grandfather Gaston, Count of Eu, 1915.

Pedro Gastão, whose name was after his father and grandfather, was born on 19 February 1913 in France in the Château d'Eu, at the homonymous town of Eu, Seine-Maritime, where the Brazilian Imperial Family was installed since 1905. His father, Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, was the older son of Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, and had been expected from birth to eventually inherit the Imperial Throne of Brazil naturally. His mother, Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz, was a member of an old Bohemian noble family. He was brother to Isabelle, Countess of Paris, Maria Francisca, Duchess of Braganza, Prince João Maria and Princess Teresa Teodora.

Pedro Gastão spent his youth in Europe, largely at his family's Parisian home in the Boulogne sur Seine suburb: "I have very good memories of my grandparents [...] In exile in France I was always brought up thinking of Brazil not France or Portugal."[3] In 1922 he saw Brazil for the first time, two years after the repeal of the Banishment Law against the Imperial Family. The family was repatriated and settled at the Imperial Palace of Grão-Pará, at the town of Petrópolis, where Pedro Gastão attended the Notre Dame de Sion school which rented his father's Palace of Petrópolis.

Succession

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When Pedro Gastão was born, it had been five years since his father had signed the instrument of resignation, by which he theoretically would have renounced the rights of succession to the throne of Brazil for himself and his offspring. The document was accepted by the Princess Imperial and by most royalists.

A few years before his death Pedro Gastão's father Prince Pedro de Alcântara told a Brazilian newspaper:

"My renunciation was not valid for many reasons: besides, it was not a hereditary renunciation."[4]

Following the death of his father, and supported by Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria and Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Prince Pedro Gastão declared himself Head of the Imperial Family of Brazil.[4] His position was supported by Francisco Morato, law professor at the University of São Paulo, who concluded the resignation of Pedro Gastão's father was not a valid legal or monarchical act.[4] Professor Paulo Napoleão Nogueira da Silva in the 1990s published a report saying that the resignation of his father was invalid under all possible aspects of Brazilian Law.[4]

He represented a rival claim to that of his cousin's son, Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza, to be the heir of the deposed Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, despite the renunciation signed by his father in 1908 when he married, without dynastic approval, a Bohemian noblewoman.[5]

Pedro Gastão died aged 94 on 27 December 2007.

His dynastic claim to the head of the imperial house is currently assumed by his male grandson Pedro Tiago de Orléans e Bragança (born 12 January 1979).[6]

Marriage and children

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Pedro Gastão at the exhibition of the coffin with the remains of Pedro I in the Palace of São Cristóvão in Rio de Janeiro, 1972

He married Princess Maria de la Esperanza of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1914–2005), a daughter of Prince Carlos of the Two Sicilies, Infante of Spain and Princess Louise of Orléans a maternal aunt of Juan Carlos I King of Spain, on 18 December 1944 in Seville, Spain, and had six children:[7]

  • Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza (born 31 October 1945), married Rony Kuhn de Souza (20 March 1938 – 14 January 1979) on 2 September 1975, with issue. He remarried Patricia Branscombe (22 November 1962 – 21 November 2009) on 16 July 1981, with issue. He married Patrícia Alvim Rodrigues, civilly, in 2018 and, religiously, on 9 October 2021.
    • Pedro Tiago de Orléans e Bragança (born 12 January 1979)
    • Felipe de Orléans e Bragança (born 31 December 1982)
  • Maria da Gloria of Orléans-Braganza (born 13 December 1946), married Alexander, Crown Prince of Serbia and Yugoslavia on 1 July 1972, divorced in 1985, with issue. She remarried Ignacio de Medina y Fernández de Córdoba, 19th Duke of Segorbe on 24 October 1985, with issue:
  • Prince Alfonso of Orléans-Braganza (born 25 April 1948), married Maria Juana Parejo y Gurruchaga (born 1954) on 3 January 1973, divorced with issue. He remarried Sylvia Amelia Senna de Hungria Machado on 19 November 2002.
    • Princess Maria de Orléans-Bragança (born 1974), married Walter Santiago Estellano, has a son.
    • Princess Julia de Orléans-Bragança (born 1977)
  • Prince Manuel of Orléans-Braganza (born 17 June 1949), married Margarita Haffner y Lancha (born 10 December 1945) on 12 December 1977, divorced in 1995, with issue. He remarried Elisa Ariza y Riobóo in 1995.
    • Princess Luiza de Orléans-Bragança (born 1978)
    • Prince Manuel de Orléans-Bragança (born 1981), married Cássia Letícia Ferreira Kerpel.
  • Princess Cristina of Orléans-Braganza (born 16 October 1950), married Prince Jan Paweł Sapieha-Rozanski (26 August 1935 – 6 August 2021) on 16 May 1980, sometime Belgian ambassador to Brazil[8] divorced in 1988, with issue. She remarried José Carlos Calmon de Brito in October 1992, divorced in 1997.
    • Princess Anna Teresa Sapieha-Rozanski (born 1981), married Benjamin Furlong, has a son.
    • Princess Paola Sapieha-Rozanski (born 1983), married in 2012 Prince Constantin Nicolas Swiatopolk-Czetwertyński (born 1978)[8]
  • Prince Francisco of Orléans-Braganza (born 9 December 1956), married Christina Schmidt-Peçanha (born 14 January 1953) on 28 January 1978, divorced, with issue. He remarried Rita de Cássia Pires in 1980, with issue:
    • Prince Francisco de Orléans-Bragança (born 1979), married Mathieu Nyssens on 11 January 2023.[9]
    • Prince Gabriel de Orléans-Bragança (born 1989)
    • Princess Manuela de Orléans-Bragança (born 1997)

Later years

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Business

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The prince ran the Companhia Imobiliária de Petrópolis (Petrópolis Imobiliary Company), that collected the laudemium fee, until the end of the 20th century. Still in the mountain town of Petrópolis, in the 1950s, he acquired the newspaper Tribuna de Petrópolis [pt], founded in 1902, and currently managed by his son, Prince Francisco. In 1954 he came to an agreement with his siblings for the definitive sale of the Château d'Eu to the Prefecture of Eu.[10][11]

1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum

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In the early 1990s, during the referendum in which the Brazilian people should opt for the monarchy or the republic, Pedro Gastão was one of the most engaged in the campaign for the monarchy. But with the defeat of the cause, in advanced age, the prince eventually left the country and disallowed the initiative of some of his supporters to found a monarchist party in Brazil. He retired to his wife's property in Villamanrique-de-la-Condessa, near Seville, Spain.[12]

Death

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The couple's last years of life were spent at the princess's estate, where both passed away. Princess Maria de la Esperanza died before him, in 2005, leaving him only with his caretakers and being constantly visited by two of his children who lived in Seville. Prince Pedro Gastão died in the early hours of 27 December 2007, at the age of 94, and was buried the following day, in the chapel of Villamanrique de la Condesa. He received a State funeral with the presence of the Spanish monarchs.[13]

Ancestors

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References

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  1. ^ Morre na Espanha dom Pedro Gastão de Orléans e Bragança
  2. ^ Handler, Bruce (5 March 1989). "Brazil to Decide on Return of Monarchy". Los Angeles Times: 34.
  3. ^ Bailey, Anthony (January 1998). "Dom Pedro and the lost empire". Royalty: 54–59.
  4. ^ a b c d Bodstein, Astrid (2006). "The Imperial Family of Brazil". Royalty Digest Quarterly (3). Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  5. ^ "The Amazon Throne". Archived from the original on 8 October 2006. Retrieved 1 February 2007.
  6. ^ "Home". Casa Imperial do Brasil (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  7. ^ Willis, Daniel A., ‘’The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain’’, Clearfield Company, 2002, pp. 141-142. ISBN 0-8063-5172-1
  8. ^ a b Menthe, Caterina. 13 February 2013 Love royale. Vogue Arabia
  9. ^ @royaltyandprotocol (23 January 2023). "Imperial wedding in Petrópolis (Brazil)" – via Instagram.
  10. ^ Oazinguito Ferreira (18 May 2008). "Jornais do interior em Petrópolis". Petrópolis no Século XX. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  11. ^ "Dom Francisco de Orleans e Bragança". Mapa de Cultura do Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  12. ^ "A realeza brasileira ao alcance das mãos - Brasil - Estadão". Estadão (in Portuguese). 9 April 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  13. ^ "Morre aos 94 anos Dom Pedro Gastão de Orleans e Bragança". G1 (in Portuguese). 27 December 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
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