Peninsula: Difference between revisions
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A '''peninsula'''<ref>({{etymology|la|{{wiktlat|paeninsula}}|}}; {{etymology||{{wiktlat|paene}}|almost||{{wiktlat|insula}}|island}}) {{cite American Heritage Dictionary|peninsula |access-date=2016-05-01}}</ref>{{Sfn|Nadeau|2006|p=5}} is a [[landform]] that extends from a [[mainland]] and is surrounded by water on most, but not all of its borders.{{Sfn|HMH|2004|p=216}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of peninsula |work=Cambridge Dictionaries Online |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/peninsula |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kersey |first=Paul |date=23 July 2021 |title=What is a Peninsula? |url=https://www.infoplease.com/world/geography/what-is-a-peninsula |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=Infoplease |language=en}}</ref> A peninsula is also sometimes defined as a piece of land bordered by water on three of its sides.{{Sfn|HMH|2004|p=216}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=list of peninsulas |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-peninsulas-2024442 |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Peninsulas exist on all continents.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |
A '''peninsula'''<ref>({{etymology|la|{{wiktlat|paeninsula}}|}}; {{etymology||{{wiktlat|paene}}|almost||{{wiktlat|insula}}|island}}) {{cite American Heritage Dictionary|peninsula |access-date=2016-05-01}}</ref>{{Sfn|Nadeau|2006|p=5}} is a [[landform]] that extends from a [[mainland]] and is surrounded by water on most, but not all of its borders.{{Sfn|HMH|2004|p=216}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of peninsula |work=Cambridge Dictionaries Online |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/peninsula |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kersey |first=Paul |date=23 July 2021 |title=What is a Peninsula? |url=https://www.infoplease.com/world/geography/what-is-a-peninsula |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=Infoplease |language=en}}</ref> A peninsula is also sometimes defined as a piece of land bordered by water on three of its sides.{{Sfn|HMH|2004|p=216}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=list of peninsulas |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-peninsulas-2024442 |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Peninsulas exist on all continents.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2011-01-21 |title=peninsula |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/peninsula/ |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=National Geographic Society |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Nadeau|2006|p=5}} The size of a peninsula can range from small to very large.<ref name=":1" /> The largest peninsula in the world is the [[Arabian Peninsula]].{{Sfn|Mis|2009|p=20}}{{Sfn|Niz|2006|p=19}} Peninsulas form due to a variety of causes. |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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| {{cvt|3,100,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Iraq}} (southern region)<br />{{flag|Jordan}} (southern region)<br />{{flag|Kuwait}}<br />{{flag|Oman}}<br />{{flag|Qatar}}<br />{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<br />{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<br />{{flag|Yemen}} |
| {{flag|Iraq}} (southern region)<br />{{flag|Jordan}} (southern region)<br />{{flag|Kuwait}}<br />{{flag|Oman}}<br />{{flag|Qatar}}<br />{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<br />{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<br />{{flag|Yemen}} |
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| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia Encyclopædia Britannica: Arabia]</ref> |
| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia ''Encyclopædia Britannica'': "Arabia"].</ref> |
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| {{cvt|2,000,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Cambodia}}<br />{{flag|Laos}}<br />{{flag|Malaysia}} ([[Peninsular Malaysia|western region]])<br />{{flag|Myanmar}}<br />{{flag|Thailand}}<br />{{flag|Vietnam}} |
| {{flag|Cambodia}}<br />{{flag|Laos}}<br />{{flag|Malaysia}} ([[Peninsular Malaysia|western region]])<br />{{flag|Myanmar}}<br />{{flag|Thailand}}<br />{{flag|Vietnam}} |
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| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsvetkov |first=Kaloyan |last2=Traykov |first2=Tony |date=July 2023 |title=Polytheistic and Syncretic Religious Beliefs in Southeast Asia - Nature, Features, and Geographical Distribution |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372622427_Polytheistic_and_Syncretic_Religious_Beliefs_in_Southeast_Asia_-_Nature_Features_and_Geographical_Distribution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108190648/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372622427_Polytheistic_and_Syncretic_Religious_Beliefs_in_Southeast_Asia_-_Nature_Features_and_Geographical_Distribution |archive-date=Jan 8, 2024 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> |
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| <ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372622427_Polytheistic_and_Syncretic_Religious_Beliefs_in_Southeast_Asia_-_Nature_Features_and_Geographical_Distribution Polytheistic and Syncretic Religious Beliefs in Southeast Asia - Nature, Features, and Geographical Distribution]</ref> |
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| {{cvt|1,900,000|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|1,900,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|India}} ([[South India|southern region]]) |
| {{flag|India}} ([[South India|southern region]]) |
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| <ref> |
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 2010 |title=Explore India - Mineral Scenario of the States of India |url=https://ibm.gov.in/writereaddata/files/09182018162439Mineral%20Scenario%20pdf.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314130321/http://ibm.gov.in/writereaddata/files/09182018162439Mineral%20Scenario%20pdf.pdf |archive-date=Mar 14, 2024 |publisher=Government of India - Ministry of Mines}}</ref> |
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| {{cvt|1,400,000|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|1,400,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Canada}} ([[Eastern Canada|eastern region]]) |
| {{flag|Canada}} ([[Eastern Canada|eastern region]]) |
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| <ref> |
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-01 |title=Labrador Peninsula |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/peninsulas/labrador-peninsula.html |first1=John |last1=Misachi |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108190545/https://www.worldatlas.com/peninsulas/labrador-peninsula.html |archive-date= Jan 8, 2024 }}</ref> |
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| {{cvt|755,688|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|755,688|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Turkey}} ([[Anatolia|Asian part]]) |
| {{flag|Turkey}} ([[Anatolia|Asian part]]) |
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| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seferoglu |first=S. Sadi |title=Turkey at a Glance - Geography |url=https://www.columbia.edu/~sss31/Turkiye/geo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108190551/https://www.columbia.edu/~sss31/Turkiye/geo.html |archive-date=Jan 8, 2024 |website=Türkiye on the Web}}</ref> |
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| <ref>[https://www.columbia.edu/~sss31/Turkiye/geo.html Turkey at a Glance]</ref> |
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| {{cvt|750,000|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|750,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Finland}} (northern region)<br />{{flag|Norway}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}} |
| {{flag|Finland}} (northern region)<br />{{flag|Norway}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}} |
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| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Scandinavian-Peninsula Encyclopædia Britannica: Scandinavian Peninsula]</ref> |
| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Scandinavian-Peninsula ''Encyclopædia Britannica'': "Scandinavian Peninsula"].</ref> |
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| [[Horn of Africa|Somali Peninsula]] |
| [[Horn of Africa|Somali Peninsula]] |
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| {{cvt|750,000|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|750,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Ethiopia}} (eastern region)<br />{{flag|Somalia}} |
| {{flag|Ethiopia}} (eastern region)<br />{{flag|Somalia}} |
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| <ref> |
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Article bay |date=Jan 17, 2023 |title=Africa’s largest peninsula has always been on the target of world powers. Where is it actually located? |url=https://articlebay.medium.com/africas-largest-peninsula-has-always-been-on-the-target-of-world-powers-9364c1f29b8e |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.is/r5sGs |archive-date=27 Mar 2024 |website=Medium}}</ref> |
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| {{cvt|666,700|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|666,700|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Albania}}<br />{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<br />{{flag|Bulgaria}}<br />{{flag|Croatia}} ([[administrative divisions of Croatia|southern mainland]])<br />{{flag|Greece}} ([[Geography of Greece#Mainland|mainland]])<br />''{{flag|Kosovo}}''<br />{{flag|Montenegro}}<br />{{flag|North Macedonia}}<br />{{flag|Romania}} ([[Northern Dobruja|coastal region]])<br />{{flag|Serbia}} ([[Central Serbia|central region]])<br />{{flag|Slovenia}} ([[municipalities of Slovenia|south-western region]])<br />{{flag|Turkey}} ([[East Terrace|European part]]) |
| {{flag|Albania}}<br />{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<br />{{flag|Bulgaria}}<br />{{flag|Croatia}} ([[administrative divisions of Croatia|southern mainland]])<br />{{flag|Greece}} ([[Geography of Greece#Mainland|mainland]])<br />''{{flag|Kosovo}}''<br />{{flag|Montenegro}}<br />{{flag|North Macedonia}}<br />{{flag|Romania}} ([[Northern Dobruja|coastal region]])<br />{{flag|Serbia}} ([[Central Serbia|central region]])<br />{{flag|Slovenia}} ([[municipalities of Slovenia|south-western region]])<br />{{flag|Turkey}} ([[East Terrace|European part]]) |
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| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Balkans Encyclopædia Britannica: Balkans]</ref> |
| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Balkans ''Encyclopædia Britannica'': "Balkans"].</ref> |
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| {{cvt|583,256|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|583,256|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Andorra}}<br />{{flag|France}} ([[French Cerdagne]])<br />{{flag|Gibraltar}} ([[United Kingdom]])<br />{{flag|Portugal}} ([[Continental Portugal|mainland]])<br />{{flag|Spain}} ([[Peninsular Spain|mainland]]) |
| {{flag|Andorra}}<br />{{flag|France}} ([[French Cerdagne]])<br />{{flag|Gibraltar}} ([[United Kingdom]])<br />{{flag|Portugal}} ([[Continental Portugal|mainland]])<br />{{flag|Spain}} ([[Peninsular Spain|mainland]]) |
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| <ref> |
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-11 |title=Iberian Peninsula |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/peninsulas/iberian-peninsula.html |first1=John |last1=Misachi |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108190513/https://www.worldatlas.com/peninsulas/iberian-peninsula.html |archive-date= Jan 8, 2024 }}</ref> |
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| {{cvt|522,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| – |
| – |
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| <ref> |
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Bethan |date=2020-06-22 |title=Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet |url=https://www.antarcticglaciers.org/antarctica-2/antarctic-peninsula-2/ |website=AntarcticGlaciers.org |language=en-GB |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221128071739/https://www.antarcticglaciers.org/antarctica-2/antarctic-peninsula-2/ |archive-date= Nov 28, 2022 }}</ref> |
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| {{cvt|400,000|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|400,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Russia}} ([[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]) |
| {{flag|Russia}} ([[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]) |
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| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Taymyr-Peninsula Encyclopædia Britannica: Taymyr Peninsula]</ref> |
| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Taymyr-Peninsula ''Encyclopædia Britannica'': "Taymyr Peninsula"].</ref> |
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| {{cvt|370,000|km2|disp=number}} |
| {{cvt|370,000|km2|disp=number}} |
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| {{flag|Russia}} ([[Kamchatka Krai]]) |
| {{flag|Russia}} ([[Kamchatka Krai]]) |
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| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Kamchatka-Peninsula Encyclopædia Britannica: Kamchatka Peninsula]</ref> |
| <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Kamchatka-Peninsula ''Encyclopædia Britannica'': "Kamchatka Peninsula"].</ref> |
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Revision as of 01:29, 27 March 2024
A peninsula[1][2] is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most, but not all of its borders.[3][4][5] A peninsula is also sometimes defined as a piece of land bordered by water on three of its sides.[3][6] Peninsulas exist on all continents.[7][2] The size of a peninsula can range from small to very large.[7] The largest peninsula in the world is the Arabian Peninsula.[8][9] Peninsulas form due to a variety of causes.
Etymology
Peninsula derives from Latin paeninsula, which is translated as 'peninsula'. Paeninsula itself was derived from paene 'almost' and insula 'island', or together, 'almost an island'.[3] The word entered English in the 16th century.[3]
Definitions
A peninsula is usually defined as a piece of land surrounded on most, but not all sides, by water,[5] but is sometimes instead defined as a piece of land bordered by water on three of its sides.[6]
A peninsula may be bordered by more than one body of water, and the body of water does not have to be an ocean or a sea.[10] A piece of land on a very tight river bend or one between two rivers is sometimes said to form a peninsula, for example in the New Barbadoes Neck in New Jersey, United States.[5] A peninsula may be connected to the mainland via an isthmus, for example, in the Isthmus of Corinth which connects to the Peloponnese peninsula.[11]
Formation and types
Peninsulas can be formed from continental drift, glacial erosion, glacial meltwater, glacial deposition, marine sediment, marine transgressions, volcanoes, divergent boundaries or river sedimentation.[12] More than one factor may play into the formation of a peninsula. For example, in the case of Florida, continental drift, marine sediment, and marine transgressions were all contributing factors to its shape.[13]
Glaciers
In the case of formation from glaciers (e.g., the Antarctic Peninsula or Cape Cod), peninsulas can be created due to glacial erosion, meltwater or deposition.[14] If erosion formed the peninsula, softer and harder rocks were present, and since the glacier only erodes softer rock, it formed a basin.[14] This may create peninsulas, and occurred for example in the Keweenaw Peninsula.[14]
In the case of formation from meltwater, melting glaciers deposit sediment and form moraines, which act as dams for the meltwater.[14] This may create bodies of water that surround the land, forming peninsulas.[14]
If deposition formed the peninsula, the peninsula was composed of sedimentary rock, which was created from a large deposit of glacial drift.[15][16] The hill of drift becomes a peninsula if the hill formed near water but was still connected to the mainland, for example during the formation of Cape Cod about 23,000 years ago.[17][18]
Others
In the case of formation from volcanoes, when a volcano erupts magma near water, it may form a peninsula (e.g., the Alaskan Peninsula).[15] Peninsulas formed from volcanoes are especially common when the volcano erupts near shallow water.[19] Marine sediment may form peninsulas by the creation of limestone.[20] A rift peninsula may form as a result of a divergent boundary in plate tectonics (e.g. the Arabian Peninsula),[21][22] while a convergent boundary may also form peninsulas (e.g. Gibraltar or the Indian subcontinent).[23] Peninsulas can also form due to sedimentation in rivers. When a river carrying sediment flows into an ocean, the sediment is deposited, forming a delta peninsula.[24]
Marine transgressions (changes in sea level) may form peninsulas, but also may affect existing peninsulas. For example, the water level may change, which causes a peninsula to become an island during high water levels.[25] Similarly, wet weather causing higher water levels make peninsulas appear smaller, while dry weather make them appear larger.[26] Sea level rise from global warming will permanently reduce the size of some peninsulas over time.[27]
Uses
Peninsulas are noted for their use as shelter for humans and Neanderthals.[28] The landform is advantageous because it gives hunting access to both land and sea animals.[28] They can also serve as markers of a nation's borders.[29]
List of the largest peninsulas in the world
See also
References
- ^ (from Latin Template:Wiktlat; from Template:Wiktlat 'almost' and Template:Wiktlat 'island') "peninsula". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
- ^ a b Nadeau 2006, p. 5.
- ^ a b c d HMH 2004, p. 216.
- ^ "Definition of peninsula". Cambridge Dictionaries Online. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ^ a b c Kersey, Paul (23 July 2021). "What is a Peninsula?". Infoplease. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ a b "list of peninsulas". Britannica. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ a b "peninsula". National Geographic Society. 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ Mis 2009, p. 20.
- ^ Niz 2006, p. 19.
- ^ Heos 2010, p. 15.
- ^ Heos 2010, p. 9.
- ^ Mis 2009, p. 6.
- ^ Heos 2010, p. 8.
- ^ a b c d e Heos 2010, p. 31.
- ^ a b Nadeau 2006, p. 6.
- ^ Heos 2010, p. 32–33.
- ^ Nadeau 2006, p. 9.
- ^ Wyckoff 1999, p. 328.
- ^ Heos 2010, p. 44.
- ^ Heos 2010, p. 21–23.
- ^ Nadeau 2006, p. 10.
- ^ Heos 2010, pp. 43–44.
- ^ Heos 2010, p. 40.
- ^ Nadeau 2006, p. 13.
- ^ Niz 2006, p. 7.
- ^ Niz 2006, p. 13.
- ^ Nadeau 2006, p. 21.
- ^ a b Heos 2010, p. 45.
- ^ Heos 2010, p. 48.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "Arabia".
- ^ Tsvetkov, Kaloyan; Traykov, Tony (July 2023). "Polytheistic and Syncretic Religious Beliefs in Southeast Asia - Nature, Features, and Geographical Distribution". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2024.
- ^ "Explore India - Mineral Scenario of the States of India" (PDF). Government of India - Ministry of Mines. Jan 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on Mar 14, 2024.
- ^ Misachi, John (2021-09-01). "Labrador Peninsula". WorldAtlas. Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2024.
- ^ Seferoglu, S. Sadi. "Turkey at a Glance - Geography". Türkiye on the Web. Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2024.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "Scandinavian Peninsula".
- ^ Article bay (Jan 17, 2023). "Africa's largest peninsula has always been on the target of world powers. Where is it actually located?". Medium. Archived from the original on 27 Mar 2024.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "Balkans".
- ^ Misachi, John (2021-02-11). "Iberian Peninsula". WorldAtlas. Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2024.
- ^ Davies, Bethan (2020-06-22). "Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet". AntarcticGlaciers.org. Archived from the original on Nov 28, 2022.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "Taymyr Peninsula".
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "Kamchatka Peninsula".
Bibliography
- Heos, Bridget (2010). The creation of peninsulas (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. ISBN 978-1-4358-5301-0. OCLC 277466133.
- Mis, Melody S. (2009). Exploring peninsulas (1st ed.). New York: PowerKids Press. ISBN 978-1-4358-2711-0. OCLC 230802567.
- Nadeau, Isaac (2006). Peninsulas (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group's PowerKids Press. ISBN 1-4042-3125-0. OCLC 57068647.
- Niz, Ellen Sturm (2006). Peninsulas. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press. ISBN 0-7368-4308-6. OCLC 57366483.
- Word Histories and Mysteries: From Abracadabra to Zeus. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2004. ISBN 978-0547350271. OCLC 55746553.
- Wyckoff, Jerome (1999). Reading the earth : landforms in the making. Mahwah, NJ: Adastra West, Inc. ISBN 0-9674075-0-8. OCLC 43274886.
External links
- The dictionary definition of peninsula at Wiktionary