Petabyte: Difference between revisions

Help

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 22:54, 26 December 2020

Redirect to:

Byte#Multiple-byte units

This page is a redirect. The following categories are used to track and monitor this redirect:

With history: This is a redirect from a page containing substantive page history. This page is kept as a redirect to preserve its former content and attributions. Please do not remove the tag that generates this text (unless the need to recreate content on this page has been demonstrated), nor delete this page.
- This template should not be used for redirects having some edit history but no meaningful content in their previous versions, nor for redirects created as a result of a page merge (use {{R from merge}} instead), nor for redirects from a title that forms a historic part of Wikipedia (use {{R with old history}} instead).

To a section: This is a redirect from a topic that does not have its own page to a section of a page on the subject. For redirects to embedded anchors on a page, use {{R to anchor}} instead.

From a subtopic: This is a redirect from a subtopic of the target article.
- If the redirected subtopic could potentially have its own article in the future, then also tag the redirect with {{R with possibilities}} and {{R printworthy}}.

When appropriate, protection levels are automatically sensed, described and categorized.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petabyte&oldid=996492661"

Category:

Units of information

Hidden categories:

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+#REDIRECT [[Byte#Multiple-byte units]]
-{{Update|type=article|date=October 2019}}{{short description|Multiple of the unit byte}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}} <!-- Was going forward neutral ymd as more used, do not mind just dmy is easier w/script: First legal date format I found in edit 2005-10-16T22:42:49: "15 October 2005" however "illegal" MDY in 2004: "Dec 11, 2002" -->
-{{Quantities of bytes}}
-A '''petabyte''' is 10<sup>15</sup> [[byte]]s(1,000 terabytes) of [[Computer data storage|digital information]]. The unit symbol for the petabyte is '''PB'''.
+{{R cat shell|
-The name is composed of the [[Metric prefix|SI prefix]] [[peta-]] (P) composed with the non-[[Systeme International|SI]] unit of a byte.
+{{R with history}}
+{{R to section}}
-:1 PB = {{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|B}} = {{gaps|10<sup>15</sup>|bytes}} = {{gaps|1|000|[[terabyte]]s}}
+{{R from subtopic}}
-: 1000 PB = 1 [[exabyte]] (EB)
+}}
-A related unit, the [[pebibyte]] (PiB), using a [[binary prefix]], is equal to 1024<sup>5</sup> bytes, which is more than 12% greater (2<sup>50</sup> [[byte]]s = {{gaps|1|125|899|906|842|624|bytes}}).
-==Usage examples==
-Examples of the use of the petabyte to describe data sizes in different fields are:
-<!-- To avoid an infinitely long list, limited to one example per field-->
-* Telecommunications (capacity): The world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way [[telecommunication]] networks was 281 petabytes of information in 1986, 471 petabytes in 1993, 2,200 petabytes in 2000, and 65,000 petabytes in 2007 (this is the informational equivalent to every person exchanging 6 newspapers per day).<ref name="HilbertLopez2011">[http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/60 "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information"], Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011), [[Science (journal)|Science]], 332(6025), 60-65; see also [http://www.martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html "free access to the study"] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIKPjOuwqHo "video animation"].</ref>
-* Telecommunications (usage): In 2008, [[AT&T]] transferred about 30 petabytes of data through its networks each day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30623 |title=AT&T- News Room |publisher=Att.com |date=23 October 2008 |accessdate=16 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117232159/http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30623 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> That number grew to 197 petabytes daily by March 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/06/25/att-internet-nsa-spy-hubs/ |quote=As of March 2018, some 197 petabytes of data – the equivalent of more than 49 trillion pages of text, or 60 billion average-sized mp3 files – traveled across its networks every business day. |title=The NSA's Hidden Spy Hubs in Eight U.S. Cities |website=[[The Intercept]] |first=Ryan |last=Gallagher |first2=Henrik |last2=Moltke |date=June 25, 2018 |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626023507/https://theintercept.com/2018/06/25/att-internet-nsa-spy-hubs/ |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-* Email: In May 2013, [[Microsoft]] announces that as part of their migration of Hotmail accounts to the new Outlook.com email service, they migrated over 150 petabytes of user data in six weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.office.com/b/microsoft-outlook/archive/2013/05/02/outlook-com-400-million-active-accounts-hotmail-upgrade-complete-and-more-features-on-the-way.aspx|title=Outlook.com: 400 million active accounts, Hotmail upgrade complete and more features on the way}}</ref>
-* File sharing (centralized): At its 2012 closure of file storage services, [[Megaupload]] held ~28 petabytes of user uploaded data.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tech.wp.pl/kat,1009785,title,Byc-moze-odzyskasz-swoje-pliki-z-Megaupload,wid,14990730,wiadomosc.html |title=Być może odzyskasz swoje pliki z Megaupload - Tech - WP.PL |newspaper=Tech |accessdate=14 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219065900/http://tech.wp.pl/kat,1009785,title,Byc-moze-odzyskasz-swoje-pliki-z-Megaupload,wid,14990730,wiadomosc.html |archive-date=19 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-* File sharing ([[peer-to-peer]]): 2013 - BitTorrent Sync has transferred over 30 petabytes of data since its pre-alpha release in January 2013.<ref name="nofilmschool.com">{{cite web|url=http://nofilmschool.com/2013/11/bittorrent-sync-1-million-users-version-1-2-free-file-syncing/|title=Version 1.2 of BitTorrent Sync Now Available as Free File Syncing Tool Reaches 1 Million Users|date=6 November 2013|accessdate=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611020003/https://nofilmschool.com/2013/11/bittorrent-sync-1-million-users-version-1-2-free-file-syncing|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-* National Library: The [[American Memory]] digital archive of public domain resources hosted by the United States [[Library of Congress]] contained 15 million digital objects in 2016, comprising over 7 petabytes of digital data.<ref name="loc">{{Cite web|url=https://nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/the-library-of-last-resort/|title=The Library of Last Resort|last=Chayka|first=Kyle|date=2016-07-14|website=|publisher=n+1 Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235106/https://nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/the-library-of-last-resort/|archive-date=19 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-* Video streaming: {{As of|2013|05}}, [[Netflix]] had 3.14 petabytes of video "master copies", which it compresses and converts into 100 different formats for streaming.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vance|first=Ashlee|title=Netflix, Reed Hastings Survive Missteps to Join Silicon Valley's Elite|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-05-09/netflix-reed-hastings-survive-missteps-to-join-silicon-valleys-elite#p4|accessdate=22 May 2014|newspaper=Businessweek|date=9 May 2013}}</ref>
-* Photos: {{As of|2013|01}}, [[Facebook]] users had uploaded over 240 billion photos,<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Rich|title=Facebook Builds Exabyte Data Centers for Cold Storage|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/01/18/facebook-builds-new-data-centers-for-cold-storage/|publisher=Datacenterknowledge.com|accessdate=21 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522004410/http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/01/18/facebook-builds-new-data-centers-for-cold-storage/|archive-date=22 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> with 350 million new photos every day. For each uploaded photo, Facebook generates and stores four images of different sizes, which translated to a total of 960 billion images and an estimated 357 petabytes of storage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leung|first=Leo|title=How much data does x store?|url=http://techexpectations.org/2014/05/17/hovsdaDSqwrmwqwfEqw-much-data-does-x-store/|publisher=Techexpectations.org|accessdate=21 May 2014}}{{deadlink|date=November 2018}}</ref>
-* Music: One petabyte of average [[MP3]]-encoded songs (for mobile, roughly one megabyte per minute), would require 2000 years to play.<ref name="computerweekly.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/What-does-a-petabyte-look-like|title=What does a petabyte look like?|accessdate=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128072952/http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/What-does-a-petabyte-look-like|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-* [[Steam (software)|Steam]], a digital distribution service, delivers over 16 petabytes of content to American users weekly.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Steam ISP stats lay Australia's dire internet connectivity bare|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/steam-isp-stats-lay-australias-dire-internet-connectivity-bare/|magazine=PC Gamer}}</ref>
-* Physics: The [[List of Large Hadron Collider experiments|experiments]] in the [[Large Hadron Collider]] produce about 15 petabytes of data per year, which are distributed over the [[Worldwide LHC Computing Grid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interactions.org/cms/?pid=1027032 |title=3 October 2008 - CERN: Let the number-crunching begin: the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid celebrates first data |publisher=Interactions.org |accessdate=16 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601030904/http://www.interactions.org/cms/?pid=1027032 |archive-date=1 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In July 2012 it was revealed that [[CERN]] amassed about 200 petabytes of data from the more than 800 trillion collisions looking for the [[Higgs boson]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/the-big-data-software-problem-behind-cerns-higgs-boson-hunt/?cs=50736| title=Big Data Software Problem Behind CERN's Higgs Boson Hunt| access-date=5 July 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709034007/http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/the-big-data-software-problem-behind-cerns-higgs-boson-hunt/?cs=50736| archive-date=9 July 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref> The Large Hadron Collider is also able to produce 1 petabyte of data per second, but most of it is filtered out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.cern/about/updates/2017/07/cern-data-centre-passes-200-petabyte-milestone|title=CERN Data Centre passes the 200-petabyte milestone|publisher=CERN|accessdate=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706154354/http://home.cern/about/updates/2017/07/cern-data-centre-passes-200-petabyte-milestone|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-* Neurology: It is estimated that the [[human brain]]'s ability to store memories is equivalent to about 2.5 petabytes of binary data.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Reber |first=Paul |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-memory-capacity |title=What Is the Memory Capacity of the Human Brain? |magazine=Scientific American |date=2 April 2013 |accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/explainer/2012/04/north_korea_s_2_mb_of_knowledge_taunt_how_many_megabytes_does_the_human_brain_hold_.html|title=Your Brain's Technical Specs|last=Wickman|first=Forrest|date=2012-04-24|work=Slate|access-date=2017-03-31|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339}}</ref>
-* Video: Uncompressed 1080p 30 fps HD RGB video (1920x1080 pixels / 3 bytes per pixel) running for 100 years would amount to approximately 600 PB of data.
-* Sports: A petabyte's worth of 1 GB flash drives lined up end to end would stretch across 92 football fields.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://info.cobaltiron.com/blog/petabyte-how-much-information-could-it-actually-hold|title=Petabyte - How Much Information Could it Actually Hold?|last=Spurlock|first=Richard|website=info.cobaltiron.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104155801/https://info.cobaltiron.com/blog/petabyte-how-much-information-could-it-actually-hold|archive-date=4 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-{{Computer Storage Volumes}}
 [[Category:Units of information]]