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{{Short description|Russian statesman}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
[[File:shafirov.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Vice-chancellor Peter P. Shafirov]]
| name = Peter Shafirov
| native_name = {{No bold|Пётр Шафиров}}
| image = Shafirov.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Shafirov
| birth_date = 1670
| birth_place = [[Smolensk]], [[Tsardom of Russia]]
| death_date = 1 March 1739
| death_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire]]
| office = Head of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|''Posolsky Prikaz'']]
| term_start = 1706
| term_end = 1708
| predecessor = [[Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin|Fyodor Golovin]]
| successor = [[Gavriil Golovkin]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| nationality = [[Russians|Russian]]
| citizenship =
| alma_mater =
| party =
| profession =
| native_name_lang = ru
| rank =
| awards = [[Order of St. Andrew]]<br>[[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]]
}}


[[Baron]] '''Peter Pavlovich Shafirov''' ({{lang-ru|Пётр Павлович Шафиров}}) (1670{{mdash}}1739) was a [[Russians|Russia]]n statesman and a prominent [[coadjutor]] of [[Peter the Great]].
[[Baron]] '''Peter Pavlovich Shafirov''' ({{lang-ru|Пётр Павлович Шафиров}}; 1670–1739) was a [[Russians|Russia]]n statesman and a prominent [[coadjutor]] of [[Peter the Great]].


==Early life and career==
==Early life and career==
Shafirov was born into a Polish Jewish family. His father, Pavel Shafirov, was a translator in the Russian [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]], whose parents converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity after [[Smolensk]] was ceded to Russia by Poland in 1654.
Shafirov was born into a [[Polish Jew]]ish family. His father, Pavel Shafirov, was a translator in the Russian [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]], whose parents converted to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] after [[Smolensk]] was ceded to Russia by Poland in 1654.


Peter Shafirov first made himself useful by his extraordinary knowledge of foreign languages. He was the chief translator in the Russian Foreign Office for many years, subsequently accompanying Tsar Peter on his travels. Made a [[baron]] and raised to the rank of [[Chancellor|vice-chancellor]], he displayed [[diplomat]]ic talents of the highest order.
Peter Shafirov first made himself useful by his extraordinary knowledge of foreign languages. He was the chief translator in the Russian Foreign Office for many years, subsequently accompanying Tsar Peter on his travels. He was raised to the [[Russian nobility]] as a [[baron]] and received the rank of [[Chancellor|vice-chancellor]]. He was considered a [[diplomat]] of the highest order.


==Diplomatic missions==
==Diplomatic missions==
Shafirov concluded the [[Treaty of the Pruth|Peace of the Pruth]] during the [[Pruth River Campaign|campaign of 1711]]. Peter left him in the hands of the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] as a hostage, and on the breaking of the peace he was imprisoned in the [[Yedikule Fortress|Seven Towers]]. Finally, however, with the aid of the British and Dutch ambassadors, he won the diplomacy of [[Charles XII of Sweden]] and his agents, and confirmed the good relations between Russia and Turkey by the treaty of Adrianople (June 1713).
Shafirov concluded the [[Treaty of the Pruth|Peace of the Pruth]] during the [[Pruth River Campaign|campaign of 1711]]. Peter left him in the hands of the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] as a hostage, and on the breaking of the peace he was imprisoned in the [[Yedikule Fortress|Seven Towers]]. Finally, however, with the aid of the British and Dutch ambassadors, he defeated the diplomacy of [[Charles XII of Sweden]] and his agents, and confirmed the good relations between Russia and Turkey by the treaty of Adrianople (June 1713).


In 1718, Shafirov was appointed vice-president of the department of Foreign Affairs, and a [[Governing Senate|senator]].
In 1718, Shafirov was appointed vice-president of the department of Foreign Affairs, and a [[Governing Senate|senator]].


==Sentencing and end of life==
==Sentencing and end of life==
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==Works==
==Works==
In 1717, he authored a treatise entitled ''A discourse concerning the just causes of the war between Sweden and Russia'',<ref name="Cracraft">{{cite book|last=Cracraft|first=James|title=The Revolution of Peter the Great|url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionofpete00crac/page/70|year=2003|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=0-674-01196-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/revolutionofpete00crac/page/70 70]|chapter=Diplomatic and Bureaucratic Revolutions|url-access=registration}}{{subscription required}}</ref> a historical tract on the war with Charles XII. Shafirov detailed some of the greatest exploits of the tsar-regenerator.
In 1717, he authored a treatise entitled ''A discourse concerning the just causes of the war between Sweden and Russia'',<ref name="Cracraft">{{cite book|last=Cracraft|first=James|title=The Revolution of Peter the Great|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionofpete00crac/page/70|year=2003|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=0-674-01196-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/revolutionofpete00crac/page/70 70]|chapter=Diplomatic and Bureaucratic Revolutions|chapter-url-access=registration}}{{subscription required}}</ref> a historical tract on the war with Charles XII. Shafirov detailed some of the greatest exploits of the tsar-regenerator.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
⚫
{{EB1911|wstitle=Shafirov, Peter Pavlovich, Baron|volume=24|last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain|page=760|short=1}}

==Further reading==
* Cracraft, James. "Diplomatic and Bureaucratic Revolutions". in ''The Revolution of Peter the Great'' (Harvard University Press, 2003)
* Butler, W. E. "Shafirov: Diplomatist of Petrine Russia." '' History Today'' (Oct 1973), Vol. 23 Issue 10, pp 699–704 online.


⚫
{{EB1911|wstitle=Shafirov, Peter Pavlovich, Baron|volume=24|page=760}}
{{Foreign ministers of Russia and the Soviet Union}}
{{Foreign ministers of Russia and the Soviet Union}}


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[[Category:1670 births]]
[[Category:1670 births]]
[[Category:1739 deaths]]
[[Category:1739 deaths]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian Jews]]
[[Category:People from the Tsardom of Russia]]
[[Category:Russian nobility]]
[[Category:17th-century Russian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Senators of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century businesspeople from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Barons of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Diplomats of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Jews from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Russian people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Russian people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:17th-century Russian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)]]
[[Category:18th-century Russian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Senators of the Russian Empire]]

Revision as of 03:17, 29 August 2024

Peter Shafirov
Пётр Шафиров
Portrait of Shafirov
Head of the Posolsky Prikaz
In office
1706–1708
Preceded byFyodor Golovin
Succeeded byGavriil Golovkin
Personal details
Born1670
Smolensk, Tsardom of Russia
Died1 March 1739
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
AwardsOrder of St. Andrew
Order of the White Eagle

Baron Peter Pavlovich Shafirov (Russian: Пётр Павлович Шафиров; 1670–1739) was a Russian statesman and a prominent coadjutor of Peter the Great.

Early life and career

Shafirov was born into a Polish Jewish family. His father, Pavel Shafirov, was a translator in the Russian Foreign Office, whose parents converted to the Russian Orthodox Church after Smolensk was ceded to Russia by Poland in 1654.

Peter Shafirov first made himself useful by his extraordinary knowledge of foreign languages. He was the chief translator in the Russian Foreign Office for many years, subsequently accompanying Tsar Peter on his travels. He was raised to the Russian nobility as a baron and received the rank of vice-chancellor. He was considered a diplomat of the highest order.

Diplomatic missions

Shafirov concluded the Peace of the Pruth during the campaign of 1711. Peter left him in the hands of the Turks as a hostage, and on the breaking of the peace he was imprisoned in the Seven Towers. Finally, however, with the aid of the British and Dutch ambassadors, he defeated the diplomacy of Charles XII of Sweden and his agents, and confirmed the good relations between Russia and Turkey by the treaty of Adrianople (June 1713).

In 1718, Shafirov was appointed vice-president of the department of Foreign Affairs, and a senator.

Sentencing and end of life

In 1723, however, he was deprived of all his offices and sentenced to death. The capital sentence was commuted at the last minute to banishment, first to Siberia and then to Novgorod. Embezzlement and disorderly conduct in the senate were the offences charged against Shafirov. On the death of Peter, Shafirov was released from prison and commissioned to write the biography of his late master. However, the successful rivalry of his supplanter, Andrei Osterman, prevented Shafirov from holding any high office during the last fourteen years of his life.

Works

In 1717, he authored a treatise entitled A discourse concerning the just causes of the war between Sweden and Russia,[1] a historical tract on the war with Charles XII. Shafirov detailed some of the greatest exploits of the tsar-regenerator.

References

  1. ^ Cracraft, James (2003). "Diplomatic and Bureaucratic Revolutions". The Revolution of Peter the Great. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 70. ISBN 0-674-01196-1.(subscription required)

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Shafirov, Peter Pavlovich, Baron". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). p. 760.

Further reading

  • Cracraft, James. "Diplomatic and Bureaucratic Revolutions". in The Revolution of Peter the Great (Harvard University Press, 2003)
  • Butler, W. E. "Shafirov: Diplomatist of Petrine Russia." History Today (Oct 1973), Vol. 23 Issue 10, pp 699–704 online.
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