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{{Short description|Rebbe of the Ger Hasidic dynasty}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox Jewish leader
{{Infobox Jewish leader
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| ended = 7 March 1996
| ended = 7 March 1996
| predecessor = [[Simcha Bunim Alter]]
| predecessor = [[Simcha Bunim Alter]]
| successor = 1. [[Yaakov Aryeh Alter]], 2. [[Shaul Alter]]
| successor = [[Yaakov Aryeh Alter]]
| rabbi =
| rabbi =
| rebbe =
| rebbe =
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| parents = [[Avraham Mordechai Alter]] <br/> Feyge Mintshe Biderman
| parents = [[Avraham Mordechai Alter]] <br/> Feyge Mintshe Biderman
| spouse = Tzipora Alter
| spouse = Tzipora Alter
| children = Esther Lipl<br />Moshe Betzalel Alter<br />Shaul Alter<br />Yehuda Aryeh Leyb Alter<br />Yitzchak Dovid Alter<br />Yaakov Meir Alter<br />Daniel Chaim Alter
| children = Esther Lipl<br />Moshe Betzalel Alter<br />[[Shaul Alter]]<br />Yehuda Aryeh Leyb Alter<br />Yitzchak Dovid Alter<br />Yaakov Meir Alter<br />Daniel Chaim Alter
| occupation =
| occupation =
| profession =
| profession =
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}}
}}


'''Pinchas Menachem Alter''' ({{lang-he-n|פינחס מנחם אלתר}}, June 9, 1926 – March 7, 1996), also known as the '''''Pnei Menachem''''' (Hebrew: {{Hebrew|פני מנחם}}), after the works he authored, was the seventh [[Rebbe]] of the [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] dynasty of [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]], a position he held from 1992 until his death in 1996.
'''Pinchas Menachem Alter''' ({{lang-he|פינחס מנחם אלתר}}, June 9, 1926 – March 7, 1996), also known as the '''''Pnei Menachem''''' ({{lang|he|פני מנחם}}), after the works he authored, was the seventh [[rebbe]] of the [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] dynasty of [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]], a position he held from 1992 until his death in 1996. From 1956 until he was appointed rebbe, he was a [[Rosh Yeshiva]] (dean of a [[yeshiva]]). He also served as a member and the president of the [[Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah|Torah Scholars Council]] and as the chairman of the [[Agudat Yisrael]] political party.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Einai |first1=Gal |title=The Pnei Menachem of Gur: Healing with Words |url=https://www.inner.org/spiritual-masters/the-pnei-menachem-of-gur-healing-with-words |website=GalEinai - Revealing the Torah's Inner Dimension |access-date=7 November 2021 |date=22 February 2021}}</ref>


==Early years==
==Early years==
Pinchas Menachem was born in [[Falenica]], near [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]. He was the only offspring of the second marriage of his father, Rabbi [[Avraham Mordechai Alter]], the fourth Rebbe of Ger, to Feyge Mintshe Biderman. Pinchas Menachem had four half-brothers and two half-sisters from his father's first marriage—including the fifth Rebbe of Ger, Rabbi [[Yisrael Alter]], and Rabbi [[Simcha Bunim Alter]], the sixth Rebbe of Ger.
Alter was born in [[Falenica]], near [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]. He was the only child of Rabbi [[Avraham Mordechai Alter]], the fourth rebbe of Ger, and his second wife, Feyge Mintshe Biderman. Alter had four half-brothers and two half-sisters from his father's first marriage—including the fifth rebbe of Ger, [[Yisrael Alter]], and [[Simcha Bunim Alter]], the sixth rebbe of Ger.


Pinchas Menachem's [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah|bar mitzva]] took place near [[Volodymyr-Volynskyi|Ludmir]] in [[Poland]] (now western [[Ukraine]]) not long before the outbreak of World War II in 1939. After the war, he married his cousin, Tzipora Alter. In the 1950s, he was appointed [[rosh yeshiva]] of ''Sfas Emes'', the flagship yeshiva of Ger in Jerusalem, Israel.
After [[World War II]] he married his cousin Tzipora Alter.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dov |first1=Yehuda |title=Rebbetzin Tzipora Alter, Wife Of Pnei Menachem, Passes Away At Age 98 - VINnews |url=https://vinnews.com/2024/06/16/rebbetzin-tzipora-alter-wife-of-pnei-menachem-passes-away-at-age-98/ |access-date=30 June 2024 |date=16 June 2024}}</ref> In 1956, he was appointed [[rosh yeshiva]] of ''Sfas Emes'', the flagship yeshiva of Ger in Jerusalem, Israel.


==Succession as rebbe==
==Succession as rebbe==
Rabbi Pinchas Menachem succeeded his half-brother, Rabbi [[Simcha Bunim Alter]], to become Rebbe in 1992. His position as [[rosh yeshiva]] of [[Sfas Emes Yeshiva]] was assumed by his son, Rabbi Shaul Alter, who is widely regarded as an eminent [[Talmud]]ic scholar.
Alter succeeded his half-brother, [[Simcha Bunim Alter]], as rebbe in 1992. His position as [[rosh yeshiva]] of [[Sfas Emes Yeshiva]] was assumed by his son, [[Shaul Alter]].


During his tenure, Rabbi Pinchas Menachem continued the policies of his half-brothers, Rabbi Simcha Bunim and Rabbi Yisrael, by supporting the political work of the [[Agudat Israel of Israel]] party, promoting the interests of [[Haredi Judaism]] in the Israeli [[Knesset]]. He reached a ''[[rapprochement]]'' with his non-Hasidic [[Ashkenazic Judaism|Ashkenazi]] Haredi fellow-rabbis, in particular with Rabbi [[Elazar Shach]], leader of the rival [[Degel HaTorah]] party. Together, they created the [[United Torah Judaism]] (''Yahadut HaTorah'') party in order not to lose residual votes in the Israeli [[proportional representation]] system, and thereby potentially obtain an extra seat for the newly united party in Knesset elections.
As rebbe he continued the policies of his half-brothers Simcha Bunim and Yisrael by supporting the [[Agudat Israel of Israel]] political party, promoting [[Haredi Judaism]] in the Israeli [[Knesset]] (parliament). He reached an accommodation with non-Hasidic [[Ashkenazic Judaism|Ashkenazi]] Haredi rabbis, in particular with [[Elazar Shach]], leader of the rival [[Degel HaTorah]] party. Together, they created the [[United Torah Judaism]] (''Yahadut HaTorah'') party in order not to lose residual votes in the Israeli [[proportional representation]] system, and thereby potentially obtain an extra seat for the newly united party in Knesset elections.


==Death and burial==
==Death and burial==
[[File:Imrei Emes and Pnei Menachem graves.jpg|250px|right|thumb|The graves of Grand Rabbi [[Avraham Mordechai Alter]] (right) and his son, Grand Rabbi Pinchas Menachem Alter (left) in an [[ohel (grave)|ohel]] adjacent to the [[Sfas Emes Yeshiva]] in downtown Jerusalem.]]
[[File:Imrei Emes and Pnei Menachem graves.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Graves of Alter (left) and [[Avraham Mordechai Alter|his father]], with [[visitation stones]]]]
Rabbi Pinchas Menachem died in 1996 after less than four years at the helm of the Ger dynasty. He was buried beside his father, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, in the courtyard of the Sfas Emes Yeshiva. Unlike his father's grave, which was dug by hand under the cover of darkness during the British curfew in 1948, the Pnei Menachem's grave was dug with machinery; the latter grave is therefore lower than the former.<ref name=frank>Frankfurter, Rabbi Yitzchok. "A Riveting Visit to the Historic Home of the Pnei Menachem of Ger ''zt"l''". ''[[Ami (magazine)|Ami]]'', February 17, 2016, pp. 60-73.</ref> A red-brick [[Ohel (grave)|ohel]] was built over the two graves, which are visited frequently by students in the yeshiva.<ref name=frank/>
Alter died in 1996 and was buried beside his father in the courtyard of the Sfas Emes Yeshiva. Unlike his father's grave, which was dug by hand under the cover of darkness during the British curfew in 1948, his grave was dug with machinery and is therefore lower than his father's.<ref name=frank>Frankfurter, Rabbi Yitzchok. "A Riveting Visit to the Historic Home of the Pnei Menachem of Ger ''zt"l''". ''[[Ami (magazine)|Ami]]'', February 17, 2016, pp. 60-73.</ref> A red-brick [[Ohel (grave)|ohel]] (tomb) was built over the two graves, which are visited frequently by students in the yeshiva.<ref name=frank/>


He was succeeded as Rebbe by his nephew, Rabbi [[Yaakov Aryeh Alter]], son of Rabbi Simcha Bunim Alter.
He was succeeded as rebbe by his nephew, [[Yaakov Aryeh Alter]], son of Simcha Bunim Alter.
<!-- image of unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Pinchas1.jpg|thumb|Rabbi Pinchas Menachem Alter as rebbe]]-->


In 2019 his son [[Shaul Alter]] formed his own followership of Ger Chasidim called [[Ger_(Hasidic_dynasty)#Kehilas_Pnei_Menachem|Kehilas Pnei Menachem]] which is independent of the greater Ger sect.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
==Rebbes of Ger==
*[[Yitzchak Meir Alter]] (1798–1866)
*[[Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin]] (1799–1870)
*[[Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter]] (1847–1905)
*[[Avraham Mordechai Alter]] (1866–1948)
*[[Yisrael Alter]] (1895–1977)
*[[Simchah Bunim Alter]] (1898–1992)
*'''Pinchas Menachem Alter''' (1926–1996)
*[[Yaakov Aryeh Alter]] (b. 1939)


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


⚫
{{Ger (Hasidic dynasty)}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|jw}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Simcha Bunim Alter]]
}}
{{s-ttl
⚫
| title = [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Gerrer]] [[Rebbe]]
| years = 1992–1996
}}
{{s-aft
| after = 1. [[Yaakov Aryeh Alter]], 2. [[Shaul Alter]]
}}
{{end}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alter, Pinchas Menachem}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alter, Pinchas Menachem}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
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[[Category:Hasidic rosh yeshivas]]
[[Category:Hasidic rosh yeshivas]]
[[Category:Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah]]
[[Category:Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah]]
[[Category:Polish Orthodox rabbis]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish rabbis]]
[[Category:20th-century rabbis]]
[[Category:Polish emigrants to Israel]]
[[Category:Israeli Hasidic rabbis]]
[[Category:Clergy from Warsaw]]

Latest revision as of 21:01, 30 June 2024

Pinchas Menachem Alter
TitleGerrer Rebbe
Personal
Born(1926-06-09)June 9, 1926
Falenica near Warsaw, Poland
DiedMarch 7, 1996(1996-03-07) (aged 69)
Jerusalem
ReligionJudaism
SpouseTzipora Alter
ChildrenEsther Lipl
Moshe Betzalel Alter
Shaul Alter
Yehuda Aryeh Leyb Alter
Yitzchak Dovid Alter
Yaakov Meir Alter
Daniel Chaim Alter
Parent(s)Avraham Mordechai Alter
Feyge Mintshe Biderman
Jewish leader
PredecessorSimcha Bunim Alter
SuccessorYaakov Aryeh Alter
Began7 July 1992
Ended7 March 1996
Buried7 March 1996
Sfas Emes Yeshiva, Jerusalem
DynastyGer

Pinchas Menachem Alter (Hebrew: פינחס מנחם אלתר, June 9, 1926 – March 7, 1996), also known as the Pnei Menachem (פני מנחם), after the works he authored, was the seventh rebbe of the Hasidic dynasty of Ger, a position he held from 1992 until his death in 1996. From 1956 until he was appointed rebbe, he was a Rosh Yeshiva (dean of a yeshiva). He also served as a member and the president of the Torah Scholars Council and as the chairman of the Agudat Yisrael political party.[1]

Early years

[edit]

Alter was born in Falenica, near Warsaw, Poland. He was the only child of Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, the fourth rebbe of Ger, and his second wife, Feyge Mintshe Biderman. Alter had four half-brothers and two half-sisters from his father's first marriage—including the fifth rebbe of Ger, Yisrael Alter, and Simcha Bunim Alter, the sixth rebbe of Ger.

After World War II he married his cousin Tzipora Alter.[2] In 1956, he was appointed rosh yeshiva of Sfas Emes, the flagship yeshiva of Ger in Jerusalem, Israel.

Succession as rebbe

[edit]

Alter succeeded his half-brother, Simcha Bunim Alter, as rebbe in 1992. His position as rosh yeshiva of Sfas Emes Yeshiva was assumed by his son, Shaul Alter.

As rebbe he continued the policies of his half-brothers Simcha Bunim and Yisrael by supporting the Agudat Israel of Israel political party, promoting Haredi Judaism in the Israeli Knesset (parliament). He reached an accommodation with non-Hasidic Ashkenazi Haredi rabbis, in particular with Elazar Shach, leader of the rival Degel HaTorah party. Together, they created the United Torah Judaism (Yahadut HaTorah) party in order not to lose residual votes in the Israeli proportional representation system, and thereby potentially obtain an extra seat for the newly united party in Knesset elections.

Death and burial

[edit]
Graves of Alter (left) and his father, with visitation stones

Alter died in 1996 and was buried beside his father in the courtyard of the Sfas Emes Yeshiva. Unlike his father's grave, which was dug by hand under the cover of darkness during the British curfew in 1948, his grave was dug with machinery and is therefore lower than his father's.[3] A red-brick ohel (tomb) was built over the two graves, which are visited frequently by students in the yeshiva.[3]

He was succeeded as rebbe by his nephew, Yaakov Aryeh Alter, son of Simcha Bunim Alter.

In 2019 his son Shaul Alter formed his own followership of Ger Chasidim called Kehilas Pnei Menachem which is independent of the greater Ger sect.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Einai, Gal (22 February 2021). "The Pnei Menachem of Gur: Healing with Words". GalEinai - Revealing the Torah's Inner Dimension. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  2. ^ Dov, Yehuda (16 June 2024). "Rebbetzin Tzipora Alter, Wife Of Pnei Menachem, Passes Away At Age 98 - VINnews". Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b Frankfurter, Rabbi Yitzchok. "A Riveting Visit to the Historic Home of the Pnei Menachem of Ger zt"l". Ami, February 17, 2016, pp. 60-73.
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