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{{Short description|Iconic dress by designer William "Billy" Travilla}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox clothing item |
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| image_file = Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Movie Trailer Screenshot (34).jpg |
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| year = {{start date|1953}} |
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| type = Pink dress |
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| artist = [[William Travilla]] |
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| material = [[Satin]] |
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| other_title_1 = |
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| other_language_2 = |
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| other_title_2 = |
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| year = {{start date|1953}} |
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| type = Pink satin dress |
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| artist = [[William Travilla]] |
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}} |
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[[Marilyn Monroe]] wore a [[shocking pink]] dress in the 1953 film ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)|Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'', directed by [[Howard Hawks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/32/William-Travilla.html|title= Willam Travilla biography|publisher=Film Reference|access-date=3 June 2011}}</ref> The dress was created by costume designer [[William Travilla|William "Billy" Travilla]] and was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film, which subsequently became the subject of numerous imitations, significantly from [[Madonna]] in the music video for her 1985 song "[[Material Girl]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/7731511/Marilyn-Monroes-Gentlemen-Prefer-Blondes-dress-up-for-auction.html|title=Marilyn Monroe's 'Gentlemen Prefer Blondes' dress up for auction|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=17 May 2010|access-date=3 June 2011}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Original Sketch of Marilyn Monroe wearing her pink dress for the musical Number "Diamonds are a Girls Best Friend" this sketch by William Travilla showes Monroe wearing matching pink gloves.jpg|thumb|Original sketch]] |
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| ⚫ | When the costume designer William Travilla, known simply as Travilla, began working with Marilyn Monroe, he had already won an Oscar for his work in ''[[Adventures of Don Juan]]'' in 1948 Travilla designed the clothes of the actress in eight films, and later claimed to have had a brief affair with Monroe.<ref name="LM">{{cite web|url=http://www.lovingmarilyn.com/travilla.html|title= |
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| ⚫ | When the costume designer William Travilla, known simply as Travilla, began working with Marilyn Monroe, he had already won an Oscar for his work in ''[[Adventures of Don Juan]]'' in 1948. Travilla designed the clothes of the actress in eight films, and later claimed to have had a brief affair with Monroe.<ref name="LM">{{cite web|url=http://www.lovingmarilyn.com/travilla.html|title=She was the easiest person I ever worked with|publisher=Loving Marilyn|access-date=3 June 2011|archive-date=20 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220151531/http://lovingmarilyn.com/travilla.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1953 Travilla designed the costumes for ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.'' |
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The dress was auctioned on 11 June 2010, with an estimated price of between $150,000 and $250,000 and described as "the most important film costume to ever come to auction".<ref name="Stylist">{{cite web|url=http://www.stylelist.com/2010/05/04/marilyn-monroe-gentlemen-prefer-blondes-dress-auction|title=Marilyn Monroe's Pink Satin 'Gentlemen Prefer Blondes' Dress to Be Auctioned|publisher=Stylist.com|date=4 May, 2010|accessdate=3 May 2011}}</ref> At the end the dress sold for $310,000. However, according to some people,{{who?|date=June 2011}} the dress sold at auction was not the original one worn by Marilyn Monroe. Some have claimed that the dress worn by the actress in ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'' was lined inside with felt, to remain rigid during the choreography, not the one sold at auction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qRh8nN8AxAAJ:themarilynmonroecollection.blogspot.com/2010/06/marilyn-monroe-pink-gown-from-gentlemen.html+http://themarilynmonroecollection.blogspot.com/201006/marilyn-monroe-pink-gown-from-gentlemen.html&cd=1&hl=it&ct=clnk&gl=it&source=www.google.it|title=Marilyn Monroe Pink Gown from Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Sells at Auction for $310,000.00, But Was It The One?|publisher=The Marilyn Monroe Collection|accessdate=3 June 2011}} </ref> |
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[[File:Marilyn Monroe wearing her original costume for the musical number "Diamonds are A Girl's Best Friend".jpg|thumb|Original version of the dress.]] |
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Originally, Monroe was to wear a breathtaking show girl costume, costing close to $4,000 (1953 dollars).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vogel|first=Michelle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rEVXAwAAQBAJ&dq=Dressing+Marilyn&pg=PA24|title=Marilyn Monroe: Her Films, Her Life|publisher=McFarland|year=2014|isbn=978-0-7864-7086-0|pages=24|language=en}}</ref> It had jewels sewn onto a black fish-net bodystocking up to the breasts, then covered in nude fabric, embellished with a mass of diamonds. |
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During production, it became public knowledge that Monroe had posed nude for a calendar in 1949, before she became well known. Travilla was given strict instructions to design a new, less-revealing costume in order to distance Monroe from the scandal. He designed the pink dress as a last-minute replacement.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Marilyn Monroe: A Life on Film|url=https://archive.org/details/marilynmonroelif0000koba|url-access=registration|last=Kobal|first=John|year=1974|publisher=Hamlyn |isbn=978-0-600-36172-5 }}</ref><ref name="StClair">{{Cite book|title=The Secret Lives of Colour|last=St. Clair|first=Kassia|publisher=John Murray|year=2016|isbn=9781473630819|location=London|page=127|oclc=936144129}}</ref> |
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The pink dress was worn by Monroe in the role of Lorelei Lee in the famous sequence in which the actress sings the song |
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"[[Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend]]", the choreography accompanied by several suitors in dinner clothes. Travilla's notes reveal that Monroe wore two identical copies in the scene as it took a long time to shoot and the dress, being floor length, was very prone to getting dirt on it. |
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The only pink dress known to survive was auctioned at [[Profiles in History]] on 11 June 2010, with an estimated price of between $150,000 and $250,000 and described as "the most important film costume to ever come to auction".<ref name="Stylist">{{cite web|url=http://www.stylelist.com/2010/05/04/marilyn-monroe-gentlemen-prefer-blondes-dress-auction|title=Marilyn Monroe's Pink Satin 'Gentlemen Prefer Blondes' Dress to Be Auctioned|publisher=Stylist.com|date=4 May 2010|access-date=3 May 2011}}</ref> The dress ultimately sold for $370,000. It was described in the auction catalog as follows: |
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<blockquote> |
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This Travilla-designed pink silk satin strapless gown features black satin lining on the oversized bow attached at back. Features integral brassier{{sic}} with rear zipper closure (concealed with bow overlay) and interior Fox cleaning tag. Also comes with the original pair of screen-worn [[opera-length]] tubes worn over Marilyn’s arms (gloves are shown for display only) and pink satin belt with "M. Monroe A-698 1-27-3-7953" written on the inner leather lining. Originally designed to be a two-piece garment, this lot features an additional bonus having the original top made for this dress (featuring interior bias label handwritten "1-27-3-7971 M. Monroe A 698-74") that was not used in the production. This design was discarded due to the top and skirt separating when Marilyn raised her arms during the number. The gown exhibits slight toning in areas, common in silk garments from this era; otherwise in fine condition. The leather backing on the belt is cracked and missing in areas and silk exhibits fraying on edges.<ref>Profiles in History Auction Catalogue</ref> |
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</blockquote> |
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Marilyn Monroe wore a white version of this dress (without the bow) to the premiere of her film ''[[There's No Business Like Show Business (film)|There's No Business Like Show Business]]'' (1954). She was photographed extensively wearing this dress with a white fur stole and with a pair of matching [[opera gloves]]. |
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==Design== |
==Design== |
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[[File:Original William Travilla Sketch of Marilyn Monroe wearing Her diamonds are a Girls Best Friend gown.jpg|thumb|Monroe was originally going to wear a pair of black opera gloves with black Salvatore Ferragamo pumps but Travilla decided to change the colour of the gloves and shoes to match the gown.]] |
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The dress is constructed of [[shocking pink]] peau d'ange [[silk]] fabric, lined with black silk/satin, and was designed by [[William Travilla]]. The floor-length gown is strapless and features a straight neckline. The scene that features the dress is heavily choreographed, so a slit in the back of the dress was added to allow for movement. The dress also has a large "bow" on the back, which is part of the dress construction, not added on as a separate piece. The bow is lined with black satin and is pleated in back on one side of the gown and folded over and attached to the other section. |
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The satin dress, designed by William Travilla, is a strapless, floor-length shocking pink dress with straight neckline, with uncovered arms and broad shoulders and side slits.<ref name="Meyers2010">{{cite book|last=Meyers|first=Jeffrey|title=The genius and the goddess: Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lFnmeMt4uZUC&pg=PA45|accessdate=3 June 2011|date=25 January 2010|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252035449|page=45}}</ref> The dress is decorated with a big bow on the back and a thin strap, both in the same shade of her dress. The dress was complemented by a pair of long gloves to match almost to the shoulders and many jewels, diamonds, according to the subject of the song that the actress sings. The dress is satin and is a shade of pink, often identified with the shocking pink. |
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The outfit also features two-tone opera gloves. The gloves were mostly made of the same shocking pink peau d'ange fabric, whereas the palm section of was made of a lighter shade of pink suede. |
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The jewels Monroe wore were costume and not authentic diamonds. |
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==Impact on popular culture== |
==Impact on popular culture== |
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[[File:Music Connection Magazine March 1985 Cover with Madonna.jpg|thumb|left|[[Madonna]] on the cover of the magazine ''[[Music Connection]]'' showing her own version of the dress.]] |
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| ⚫ | Over the years the pink dress has become an icon of fashion and film, and like her [[White dress of Marilyn Monroe|white dress]] is often imitated and parodied. One of the most famous of all is the one represented by the singer Madonna in the Material Girl |
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| ⚫ | Over the years the pink dress has become an icon of fashion and film, and like her [[White dress of Marilyn Monroe|white dress]] is often imitated and parodied. One of the most famous of all is the one represented by the singer [[Madonna]] in the music video for her 1985 hit "[[Material Girl]]".<ref name="Mansour2005">{{cite book|last=Mansour|first=David|title=From Abba to Zoom: a pop culture encyclopedia of the late 20th century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hK0rPUF85loC&pg=PA305|access-date=3 June 2011|date=1 June 2005|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing|isbn=978-0-7407-5118-9|page=305}}</ref> |
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In a segment entitled "Material Girl" in the 1997 [[Playboy Video]], ''Playboy's Voluptuous Vixens'', SaRenna Lee capitalized on her resemblance to [[Marilyn Monroe]] by appearing in a pink dress designed for her zaftig shape. |
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Mexican entertainers [[Thalía]] and [[Aida Pierce]] each wore similar shocking pink dresses. Thalia wore a replica of this dress while performing "Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend" in Spain in 1991, and Pierce wore a similar pink dress in a 2001 episode of ''Humor es...los comediantes'' as a tribute to Monroe (2001 would have been Monroe's 75th birthday). |
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American singer [[Normani]] wore a leotard with a skirt inspired by this dress in her music video for "Diamonds" (The song itself sampling "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" by Monroe). |
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| ⚫ | In the computer game ''[[The Sims: Superstar]]'' expansion pack published in 2003, the player can see the character of Marilyn Monroe, dressed in the same famous shocking pink dress. It was also produced as a [[Mattel]] [[Barbie doll]] with Barbie wearing Monroe's pink dress.<ref name="O'Brien2006">{{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Karen|title=Toys & Prices 2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvwXzGSmg9IC|access-date=3 June 2011|date=6 November 2006|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=978-0-89689-333-7|page=181}}</ref> |
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In the third episode of the second season of the American television series ''[[Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (TV series)|Crazy Ex-Girlfriend]]'', [[Rachel Bloom]] as Rebecca Bunch wears a blue version of the dress while singing "The Math of Love Triangles", parodying Monroe's performance of "Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-crazy-ex-girlfriend-songs-20161101-snap-story.html|title=The midnight bath behind the making of 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend's' big Marilyn Monroe parody|last=Villarreal|first=Yvonne|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 2016 }}</ref> |
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In the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the popular teen drama [[Gossip Girl]], main character Serena Van Der Woodsen (portrayed by Blake Lively) is seen dreaming she is in Monroe's pink dress, replicating the dance and song with her male suitors on the show. |
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The 2020 film ''[[Birds of Prey (2020 film)|Birds of Prey]]'' contains a scene referencing "Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend." Lead character [[Harley Quinn (DC Extended Universe)|Harley Quinn]] goes into a dream/dissociation sequence wearing an outfit of the same pink style and jewels just like Monroe's character in the film as the song plays in the background. This may also be in reference to the use of the Diamonds song in ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' since actor [[Ewan McGregor]] appears in both scenes. |
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On the performance of [[I'm Just Ken]] song during the [[96th Academy Awards]] by [[Ryan Gosling]], he wore a pink suit to honour Marilyn's iconic pink dress. The whole performance of the song paid homage to the "[[Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend]]" sequence from the [[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)|1953 film adaptation]] of the stage musical ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)|Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' by Marilyn Monroe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/ryan-gosling-62-kens-im-just-ken-oscar-performance-1235849758/|title=How Choreographer Mandy Moore Harnessed the Kenergy of Ryan Gosling and 62 Kens for "I'm Just Ken" Oscars Performance|first=Caitlin|last=Huston|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 11, 2024|accessdate=March 11, 2024}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In the computer game ''[[The Sims: Superstar]]'' expansion pack published in 2003, the player can see the character of Marilyn Monroe, dressed in the same famous shocking pink dress. |
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== See also == |
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In 2008, [[Paris Hilton]] paid tribute to the actress wearing a pink satin gown similar to that of Marilyn Monroe at the preview of the movie ''[[The Hottie and the Nottie]]''. In reference to Monroe, Paris Hilton had said in 2006: "There is nobody in the world like me. I think every decade has its own icon blonde - like Marilyn Monroe or Princess Diana - and right now, I'm that icon." |
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{{Portal|1950s}} |
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<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-512357/Blonde-ambition-Paris-Hilton-pays-homage-bombshell-Marilyn-Monroe.html#ixzz1NqDnUs6W|title=Blonde ambition: Paris Hilton pays homage to bombshell Marilyn Monroe|publisher=''[[The Daily Mail]]''|date-5 February 2008|accessdate=3 June 2011}}</ref> |
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* [[Black dress of Rita Hayworth]] |
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* [[Black Givenchy dress of Audrey Hepburn]] |
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* [[List of film memorabilia]] |
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* [[List of individual dresses]] |
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{{clear}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Film memorabilia]] |
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[[Category:Marilyn Monroe|Pink dress]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:57, 30 June 2024
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| Designer | William Travilla |
|---|---|
| Year | 1953 |
| Type | Pink dress |
| Material | Satin |
Marilyn Monroe wore a shocking pink dress in the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, directed by Howard Hawks.[1] The dress was created by costume designer William "Billy" Travilla and was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film, which subsequently became the subject of numerous imitations, significantly from Madonna in the music video for her 1985 song "Material Girl".[2]
History
[edit]
When the costume designer William Travilla, known simply as Travilla, began working with Marilyn Monroe, he had already won an Oscar for his work in Adventures of Don Juan in 1948. Travilla designed the clothes of the actress in eight films, and later claimed to have had a brief affair with Monroe.[3] In 1953 Travilla designed the costumes for Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
Originally, Monroe was to wear a breathtaking show girl costume, costing close to $4,000 (1953 dollars).[4] It had jewels sewn onto a black fish-net bodystocking up to the breasts, then covered in nude fabric, embellished with a mass of diamonds.
During production, it became public knowledge that Monroe had posed nude for a calendar in 1949, before she became well known. Travilla was given strict instructions to design a new, less-revealing costume in order to distance Monroe from the scandal. He designed the pink dress as a last-minute replacement.[5][6]
The pink dress was worn by Monroe in the role of Lorelei Lee in the famous sequence in which the actress sings the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend", the choreography accompanied by several suitors in dinner clothes. Travilla's notes reveal that Monroe wore two identical copies in the scene as it took a long time to shoot and the dress, being floor length, was very prone to getting dirt on it.
The only pink dress known to survive was auctioned at Profiles in History on 11 June 2010, with an estimated price of between $150,000 and $250,000 and described as "the most important film costume to ever come to auction".[7] The dress ultimately sold for $370,000. It was described in the auction catalog as follows:
This Travilla-designed pink silk satin strapless gown features black satin lining on the oversized bow attached at back. Features integral brassier [sic] with rear zipper closure (concealed with bow overlay) and interior Fox cleaning tag. Also comes with the original pair of screen-worn opera-length tubes worn over Marilyn’s arms (gloves are shown for display only) and pink satin belt with "M. Monroe A-698 1-27-3-7953" written on the inner leather lining. Originally designed to be a two-piece garment, this lot features an additional bonus having the original top made for this dress (featuring interior bias label handwritten "1-27-3-7971 M. Monroe A 698-74") that was not used in the production. This design was discarded due to the top and skirt separating when Marilyn raised her arms during the number. The gown exhibits slight toning in areas, common in silk garments from this era; otherwise in fine condition. The leather backing on the belt is cracked and missing in areas and silk exhibits fraying on edges.[8]
Marilyn Monroe wore a white version of this dress (without the bow) to the premiere of her film There's No Business Like Show Business (1954). She was photographed extensively wearing this dress with a white fur stole and with a pair of matching opera gloves.
Design
[edit]
The dress is constructed of shocking pink peau d'ange silk fabric, lined with black silk/satin, and was designed by William Travilla. The floor-length gown is strapless and features a straight neckline. The scene that features the dress is heavily choreographed, so a slit in the back of the dress was added to allow for movement. The dress also has a large "bow" on the back, which is part of the dress construction, not added on as a separate piece. The bow is lined with black satin and is pleated in back on one side of the gown and folded over and attached to the other section.
The outfit also features two-tone opera gloves. The gloves were mostly made of the same shocking pink peau d'ange fabric, whereas the palm section of was made of a lighter shade of pink suede.
The jewels Monroe wore were costume and not authentic diamonds.
Impact on popular culture
[edit]
Over the years the pink dress has become an icon of fashion and film, and like her white dress is often imitated and parodied. One of the most famous of all is the one represented by the singer Madonna in the music video for her 1985 hit "Material Girl".[9]
In a segment entitled "Material Girl" in the 1997 Playboy Video, Playboy's Voluptuous Vixens, SaRenna Lee capitalized on her resemblance to Marilyn Monroe by appearing in a pink dress designed for her zaftig shape.
Mexican entertainers Thalía and Aida Pierce each wore similar shocking pink dresses. Thalia wore a replica of this dress while performing "Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend" in Spain in 1991, and Pierce wore a similar pink dress in a 2001 episode of Humor es...los comediantes as a tribute to Monroe (2001 would have been Monroe's 75th birthday).
American singer Normani wore a leotard with a skirt inspired by this dress in her music video for "Diamonds" (The song itself sampling "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" by Monroe).
In the computer game The Sims: Superstar expansion pack published in 2003, the player can see the character of Marilyn Monroe, dressed in the same famous shocking pink dress. It was also produced as a Mattel Barbie doll with Barbie wearing Monroe's pink dress.[10]
In the third episode of the second season of the American television series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, Rachel Bloom as Rebecca Bunch wears a blue version of the dress while singing "The Math of Love Triangles", parodying Monroe's performance of "Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend".[11]
In the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the popular teen drama Gossip Girl, main character Serena Van Der Woodsen (portrayed by Blake Lively) is seen dreaming she is in Monroe's pink dress, replicating the dance and song with her male suitors on the show.
The 2020 film Birds of Prey contains a scene referencing "Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend." Lead character Harley Quinn goes into a dream/dissociation sequence wearing an outfit of the same pink style and jewels just like Monroe's character in the film as the song plays in the background. This may also be in reference to the use of the Diamonds song in Moulin Rouge! since actor Ewan McGregor appears in both scenes.
On the performance of I'm Just Ken song during the 96th Academy Awards by Ryan Gosling, he wore a pink suit to honour Marilyn's iconic pink dress. The whole performance of the song paid homage to the "Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend" sequence from the 1953 film adaptation of the stage musical Gentlemen Prefer Blondes by Marilyn Monroe.[12]
See also
[edit]
- White dress of Marilyn Monroe
- Black dress of Rita Hayworth
- Black Givenchy dress of Audrey Hepburn
- List of film memorabilia
- List of individual dresses
References
[edit]- ^ "Willam Travilla biography". Film Reference. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "Marilyn Monroe's 'Gentlemen Prefer Blondes' dress up for auction". The Telegraph. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "She was the easiest person I ever worked with". Loving Marilyn. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Vogel, Michelle (2014). Marilyn Monroe: Her Films, Her Life. McFarland. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-7864-7086-0.
- ^ Kobal, John (1974). Marilyn Monroe: A Life on Film. Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-36172-5.
- ^ St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. p. 127. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
- ^ "Marilyn Monroe's Pink Satin 'Gentlemen Prefer Blondes' Dress to Be Auctioned". Stylist.com. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
- ^ Profiles in History Auction Catalogue
- ^ Mansour, David (1 June 2005). From Abba to Zoom: a pop culture encyclopedia of the late 20th century. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-7407-5118-9. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ O'Brien, Karen (6 November 2006). Toys & Prices 2007. Krause Publications. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-89689-333-7. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Villarreal, Yvonne (November 2016). "The midnight bath behind the making of 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend's' big Marilyn Monroe parody". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Huston, Caitlin (March 11, 2024). "How Choreographer Mandy Moore Harnessed the Kenergy of Ryan Gosling and 62 Kens for "I'm Just Ken" Oscars Performance". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 11, 2024.