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Plymouth, Mississippi: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 33°31′23″N 88°30′06″W / 33.52306°N 88.50167°W / 33.52306; -88.50167
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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
'''Plymouth, Mississippi''', was an early settlement in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Mississippi]] in present-day [[Lowndes County, Mississippi|Lowndes County]].
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Plymouth, Mississippi
|settlement_type = [[List of ghost towns in Mississippi|Ghost town]]
|nickname =
|motto =


<!-- Images -->
Plymouth was located at {{coor dms|33|31|23|N|88|30|06|W|}} on the west bank of the [[Tombigbee River]]. Today, the site is close to present-day [[Columbus, Mississippi|Columbus]] and just west of [[John C. Stennis Lock and Dam]] on the [[Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway]].
|image_skyline = File:Cemetery at Plymouth Mississippi.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Cemetery at Plymouth
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


<!-- Maps -->
'''Plymouth Bluff''' is located nearby at {{coor dms|33|30|45|N|88|29|33|W|}}. Plymouth Bluff is the site of the '''Plymouth Bluff Environmental Center''', operated by the [[Mississippi University for Women]], but on land owned by the [[Army Corps of Engineers]].
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|pushpin_map = Mississippi#USA
|pushpin_label = Plymouth


<!-- Location -->
==References==
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
*{{cite web | url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=122:3:2622353779582606080::NO::P3_FID:710094 | title=Plymouth (historical) | work=[[Geographic Names Information System]] | publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] | accessdate=2006-04-25 }}
|subdivision_name = United States
*{{cite web | url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=122:3:2622353779582606080::NO::P3_FID:710095 | title=Plymouth Bluff | work=[[Geographic Names Information System]] | publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] | accessdate=2006-04-25 }}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Mississippi]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Mississippi|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Lowndes County, Mississippi|Lowndes]]


<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_total =
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =

<!-- General information -->
|timezone = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 210
|coordinates = {{coord|33|31|23|N|88|30|06|W|region:US-MS|display=inline,title}}

<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank_info = 710094<ref>{{gnis|710094|Plymouth (historical)}}</ref>
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Plymouth, Mississippi
| nrhp_type =
| image =
| caption =
| nearest_city = [[Columbus, Mississippi]]
| locmapin = Mississippi#USA
| architect =
| architecture =
| added = April 22, 1980
| area = {{convert|210|acre}}
| refnum = 80002288<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>
}}
'''Plymouth''' was an early settlement in [[Mississippi]] in present-day [[Lowndes County, Mississippi|Lowndes County]]. Plymouth was located on the west bank of the [[Tombigbee River]] at the mouth of [[Tibbee Creek]].<ref name="hmdb">{{cite web |title=Plymouth |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=178939 |website=Historical Marker Database |access-date=April 12, 2023}}</ref>

==History==
Local tradition holds that [[Hernando de Soto]] camped near the site Plymouth and [[Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville]] erected a fort here in his campaign against the [[Chickasaw]].<ref name=dr>{{cite book | last = Rowland | first = Dunbar | title = Mississippi: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in Cyclopedic Form | publisher = Southern Historical Publishing Association | year = 1907 | url = https://ia801201.us.archive.org/20/items/mississippicompr02rowl/mississippicompr02rowl.pdf | volume = 2 | page = 438}}</ref>
The community of Plymouth was formed around 1819, developing around the fortified house of [[John Pitchlynn]], the U.S. interpreter for the [[Choctaw]] Agency. Pitchlynn's home was surrounded by a stockade during the [[Creek War]] and was known as Fort Smith, in honor of Captain George Smith. Smith served under Colonel [[John McKee (politician)|John McKee]], who used Fort Smith as a base to carry out attacks on the [[Red Sticks]] who lived along the [[Black Warrior River]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bunn |first1=Mike |last2=Williams |first2=Clay |title=Battle for the Southern Frontier: The Creek War and the War of 1812 |date=2010 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |location=Mount Pleasant, South Carolina |isbn=9781625843814 |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dF2CQAAQBAJ}}</ref>

Multiple stores and cotton warehouses were built in Plymouth.<ref name=dr/> The low-lying site of the village was prone to repeated flooding. While both Plymouth and its sister town of [[Columbus, Mississippi|Columbus]] across the river had high bluffs, Plymouth's landing site did not have easy access to the bluff heights.

The community was incorporated in 1836 and reached a peak population of 200.<ref name="hmdb"/> After incorporating, street grids were laid off into squares. By the 1840s, the village site was abandoned, as most of the residents had moved across the river to the better site of Columbus.<ref name=dr/>

A post office operated under the name Plymouth from 1833 to 1855.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=MS&county=Lowndes&searchtext=&pagenum=2 | title=Lowndes County | publisher=Jim Forte Postal History | accessdate=April 12, 2023}}</ref>

The Plymouth Academy operated in Plymouth from 1837 to 1866.<ref>{{cite web |title=Plymouth Academy School Records, 1837-1866 |url=https://cdm17313.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/columbus/id/8598/ |website=Mississippi Digital Library |access-date=April 12, 2023}}</ref>

Today, the site of Plymouth is just west of [[John C. Stennis Lock and Dam]] on the [[Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway]]. A {{convert|210|acre|adj=on}} area was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1980. It includes a village site and a cemetery.<ref name=nris/>

==Plymouth Bluff==
'''Plymouth Bluff''', just downstream of the village site, is now occupied by the Plymouth Bluff Environmental Center, operated by the [[Mississippi University for Women]].<ref>{{gnis|710095|Plymouth Bluff (historical)}}</ref> It occupies land owned by the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Army Corps of Engineers]]. The complex serves as the local center for ecological studies, as well as a retreat and conference center.<ref>{{cite web |title=Plymouth Bluff Environmental Center |url=https://web1.muw.edu/plymouthbluff |website=Mississippi University for Women |access-date=April 12, 2023}}</ref>

Multiple fossils have been found in the Bluffs, including a [[hadrosaur]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ward |first1=Rufus |title=Ask Rufus: The Lost World of Plymouth Bluff |url=https://cdispatch.com/opinions/2021-03-13/ask-rufus-the-lost-world-of-plymouth-bluff/ |work=The Dispatch |date=March 13, 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}


{{National Register of Historic Places}}
{{Mississippi-geo-stub}}
{{Lowndes County, Mississippi}}


[[Category:Lowndes County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Geography of Lowndes County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Lowndes County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:1819 establishments in Mississippi]]
[[Category:Populated places on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi]]

Latest revision as of 05:24, 15 July 2024

Plymouth, Mississippi
Ghost town
Cemetery at Plymouth
Cemetery at Plymouth
Plymouth is located in Mississippi
Plymouth
Plymouth
Plymouth is located in the United States
Plymouth
Plymouth
Coordinates: 33°31′23″N 88°30′06″W / 33.52306°N 88.50167°W / 33.52306; -88.50167
CountryUnited States
StateMississippi
CountyLowndes
Elevation
210 ft (60 m)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
GNIS feature ID710094[1]
Plymouth, Mississippi
Plymouth, Mississippi is located in Mississippi
Plymouth, Mississippi
Plymouth, Mississippi is located in the United States
Plymouth, Mississippi
Nearest cityColumbus, Mississippi
Area210 acres (85 ha)
NRHP reference No.80002288[2]
Added to NRHPApril 22, 1980

Plymouth was an early settlement in Mississippi in present-day Lowndes County. Plymouth was located on the west bank of the Tombigbee River at the mouth of Tibbee Creek.[3]

History

[edit]

Local tradition holds that Hernando de Soto camped near the site Plymouth and Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville erected a fort here in his campaign against the Chickasaw.[4] The community of Plymouth was formed around 1819, developing around the fortified house of John Pitchlynn, the U.S. interpreter for the Choctaw Agency. Pitchlynn's home was surrounded by a stockade during the Creek War and was known as Fort Smith, in honor of Captain George Smith. Smith served under Colonel John McKee, who used Fort Smith as a base to carry out attacks on the Red Sticks who lived along the Black Warrior River.[5]

Multiple stores and cotton warehouses were built in Plymouth.[4] The low-lying site of the village was prone to repeated flooding. While both Plymouth and its sister town of Columbus across the river had high bluffs, Plymouth's landing site did not have easy access to the bluff heights.

The community was incorporated in 1836 and reached a peak population of 200.[3] After incorporating, street grids were laid off into squares. By the 1840s, the village site was abandoned, as most of the residents had moved across the river to the better site of Columbus.[4]

A post office operated under the name Plymouth from 1833 to 1855.[6]

The Plymouth Academy operated in Plymouth from 1837 to 1866.[7]

Today, the site of Plymouth is just west of John C. Stennis Lock and Dam on the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. A 210-acre (85 ha) area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It includes a village site and a cemetery.[2]

Plymouth Bluff

[edit]

Plymouth Bluff, just downstream of the village site, is now occupied by the Plymouth Bluff Environmental Center, operated by the Mississippi University for Women.[8] It occupies land owned by the Army Corps of Engineers. The complex serves as the local center for ecological studies, as well as a retreat and conference center.[9]

Multiple fossils have been found in the Bluffs, including a hadrosaur.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Plymouth (historical)
  2. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  3. ^ a b "Plymouth". Historical Marker Database. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c Rowland, Dunbar (1907). Mississippi: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in Cyclopedic Form (PDF). Vol. 2. Southern Historical Publishing Association. p. 438.
  5. ^ Bunn, Mike; Williams, Clay (2010). Battle for the Southern Frontier: The Creek War and the War of 1812. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 56. ISBN 9781625843814.
  6. ^ "Lowndes County". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  7. ^ "Plymouth Academy School Records, 1837-1866". Mississippi Digital Library. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  8. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Plymouth Bluff (historical)
  9. ^ "Plymouth Bluff Environmental Center". Mississippi University for Women. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  10. ^ Ward, Rufus (March 13, 2021). "Ask Rufus: The Lost World of Plymouth Bluff". The Dispatch.
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