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{{Short description|bishop of Rome from c. 157 to 168}}
{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from c. 157 to 168}}
{{confused|Pope Anacletus}}
{{confused|Pope Anacletus}}

{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
|type=Pope
| type = Pope
|honorific-prefix=Pope Saint
| honorific-prefix = [[List of popes|Pope]] [[List of canonised popes|Saint]]
|name=Anicetus
| name = Anicetus
|title= [[Bishop of Rome]]
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
|church = [[Catholic Church]]
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
⚫
| term_start = c. 157
|image =
⚫
| term_end = c. 20 April 168
|diocese = [[Diocese of Rome|Rome]]
|see = [[Holy See]]
| predecessor = [[Pius I]]
⚫
| successor = [[Pope Soter|Soter]]
⚫
|term_start=c. 157
⚫
| birth_date = late 1st century
⚫
|term_end=c. 20 April 168
⚫
| birth_place = [[Homs#Emesani dynasty and Roman rule|Emesa]], [[Phoenice (Roman province)|Phoenice ]]
|predecessor=[[Pius I]]
⚫
| death_date = April 168
⚫
|successor=[[Pope Soter|Soter]]
⚫
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Roman Empire]]
⚫
|birth_date=late 1st century
⚫
| feast_day = 20 April<ref name=MR/> (West)<br>17 April<ref>{{in lang|el}} [http://www.saint.gr/1955/saint.aspx Άγιος Ανίκητος ο Ιερομάρτυρας πάπας Ρώμης Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής]</ref> (East)
⚫
|birth_place=[[Homs#Emesani dynasty and Roman rule|Emesa]], [[Phoenice (Roman province)|Phoenice ]]
⚫
| attributes = [[Papal tiara]], palm branch
⚫
|death_date=April 168
| image = Wolnzach, St Laurentius 017.JPG
⚫
|death_place=[[Rome]], [[Roman Empire]]
| caption = Statue of Pope St. Anicetus from [[St. Laurentius, Holzkirchen]] in [[Wolnzach]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]
⚫
|feast_day=20 April<ref name=MR/> (West)<br>17 April<ref>{{in lang|el}} [http://www.saint.gr/1955/saint.aspx Άγιος Ανίκητος ο Ιερομάρτυρας πάπας Ρώμης Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής]</ref> (East)
⚫
|attributes=[[Papal tiara]], palm branch
}}
}}
⚫
'''Pope Anicetus''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Ανίκητος) was the [[bishop of Rome]] from c. 157 to his death in April 168.<ref name="ce">Campbell, Thomas (1907). "Pope St. Anicetus" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</ref> According to the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'', the start of his papacy may have been 153. Anicetus actively opposed [[Gnosticism]] and [[Marcionism]]. He welcomed [[Polycarp of Smyrna]] to [[Rome]] to discuss the [[Easter controversy]].

⚫
'''Pope Anicetus''' was the eleventh [[bishop of Rome]] from c. 157 to his death in April 168.<ref name="ce">Campbell, Thomas (1907). "Pope St. Anicetus" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</ref> According to the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'', the start of his papacy may have been 153. Anicetus actively opposed [[Gnosticism]] and [[Marcionism]]. He welcomed [[Polycarp of Smyrna]] to Rome to discuss the [[Easter controversy]].

==Biography==
==Biography==
According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'', Anicetus was a Syrian from the city of [[Emesa]] (modern-day Homs).<ref name=Pontif>{{Cite book
According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'', Anicetus was a [[Syrians|Syrian]] from the city of [[Emesa]] (modern-day Homs).<ref name=Pontif>{{Cite book
|publisher = Liverpool University Press
|publisher = Liverpool University Press
|ol = 8283722M
|ol = 8283722M
Line 36: Line 32:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


According to [[Irenaeus]], it was during his pontificate that the aged Polycarp of Smyrna, a disciple of [[John the Evangelist]], visited Rome to discuss the celebration of Pasch with Anicetus. Polycarp and his Church of Smyrna celebrated the crucifixion on the [[Quartodeciman|fourteenth day of Nisan]], which coincides with [[Pesach]] (or Passover) regardless of which day of the week upon this date fell, while the Roman Church celebrated the Pasch on Sunday—the weekday of [[Jesus]]'s [[resurrection]]. The two did not agree on a common date, but Anicetus conceded to Polycarp and the Church of Smyrna the ability to retain the date to which they were accustomed. The controversy was to grow heated in the following centuries.<ref name=Irenaeus>Irenaeus, cited in Eusebius, ''Historia Ecclesiastica'', 5.24; translated by G.A. Williamson, ''Eusebius: History of the Church'' (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965), pp. 232f</ref>
According to [[Irenaeus]], it was during his pontificate that the aged Polycarp of Smyrna, a disciple of [[John the Evangelist]], visited Rome to discuss the celebration of Easter with Anicetus. Polycarp and his Church of Smyrna celebrated the crucifixion on the [[Quartodeciman|fourteenth day of Nisan]], which coincides with [[Pesach]] (or Passover) regardless of which day of the week upon this date fell, while the Roman Church celebrated Easter on Sunday—the weekday of [[Jesus]]'s [[resurrection]]. The two did not agree on a common date, but Anicetus conceded to Polycarp and the Church of Smyrna the ability to retain the date to which they were accustomed. The controversy was to grow heated in the following centuries.<ref name=Irenaeus>Irenaeus, cited in Eusebius, ''Historia Ecclesiastica'', 5.24; translated by G.A. Williamson, ''Eusebius: History of the Church'' (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965), pp. 232f</ref>


The Christian historian [[Hegesippus (chronicler)|Hegesippus]] also visited [[Rome]] during Anicetus's pontificate. This visit is often cited as a sign of the early importance of the [[Roman See]].<ref name=Irenaeus/>
The Christian historian [[Hegesippus (chronicler)|Hegesippus]] also visited [[Rome]] during Anicetus's pontificate. This visit is often cited as a sign of the early importance of the [[Roman See]].<ref name=Irenaeus/>


Anicetus actively opposed the [[Gnostic]]s and [[Marcionism]].<ref>[http://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-anicetus/ Monks of Ramsgate. “Anicetus”. ''Book of Saints'', 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 20 July 2012]{{PD-notice}}</ref> The ''Liber Pontificalis'' records that Anicetus decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair (perhaps because the Gnostics wore long hair).<ref name=Pontif/>
Anicetus actively opposed the [[Gnostic]]s and [[Marcionism]].{{Cn|date=July 2022}} The ''Liber Pontificalis'' records that Anicetus decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair (perhaps because the Gnostics wore long hair).<ref name=Pontif/>


According to church tradition, Anicetus suffered [[martyrdom]] during the reign of Emperor [[Lucius Verus]], but there are no historical grounds for this account.<ref name=CR>Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 120</ref> 16, 17 and 20 April are all cited as the date of his death, but 20 April is currently celebrated as his [[feast day]].<ref name=MR>Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 {{ISBN|88-209-7210-7}})</ref> Before 1970, the date chosen was 17 April.<ref name=CR/> The ''Liber Pontificalis'' states he was buried in the [[Catacomb of Callixtus|cemetery of Callistus]].<ref name=Pontif/>
According to church tradition, Anicetus suffered [[martyrdom]] during the reign of Emperor [[Lucius Verus]], but there are no historical grounds for this account.<ref name=CR>Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 120</ref> 16, 17 and 20 April are all cited as the date of his death, but 20 April is currently celebrated as his [[feast day]].<ref name=MR>Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 {{ISBN|88-209-7210-7}})</ref> Before 1970, the date chosen was 17 April.<ref name=CR/> The ''Liber Pontificalis'' states he was buried in the [[Catacomb of Callixtus|cemetery of Callistus]].<ref name=Pontif/>
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Anicetus, Pope}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anicetus, Pope}}
[[Category: Syrian Christian saints]]

[[Category:167 deaths]]
[[Category:167 deaths]]
[[Category:2nd-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:2nd-century Christian saints]]
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:2nd-century popes]]
[[Category:2nd-century popes]]
[[Category:Easter date]]
[[Category:Date of Easter]]
[[Category:2nd-century people]]

Revision as of 00:33, 17 April 2024

Not to be confused with Pope Anacletus.
Pope Saint

Anicetus
Bishop of Rome
Statue of Pope St. Anicetus from St. Laurentius, Holzkirchen in Wolnzach, Bavaria, Germany
ChurchCatholic Church
Papacy beganc. 157
Papacy endedc. 20 April 168
PredecessorPius I
SuccessorSoter
Personal details
Bornlate 1st century
Emesa, Phoenice
DiedApril 168
Rome, Roman Empire
Sainthood
Feast day20 April[1] (West)
17 April[2] (East)
AttributesPapal tiara, palm branch

Pope Anicetus (Greek: Ανίκητος) was the bishop of Rome from c. 157 to his death in April 168.[3] According to the Annuario Pontificio, the start of his papacy may have been 153. Anicetus actively opposed Gnosticism and Marcionism. He welcomed Polycarp of Smyrna to Rome to discuss the Easter controversy.

Biography

According to the Liber Pontificalis, Anicetus was a Syrian from the city of Emesa (modern-day Homs).[4]

According to Irenaeus, it was during his pontificate that the aged Polycarp of Smyrna, a disciple of John the Evangelist, visited Rome to discuss the celebration of Easter with Anicetus. Polycarp and his Church of Smyrna celebrated the crucifixion on the fourteenth day of Nisan, which coincides with Pesach (or Passover) regardless of which day of the week upon this date fell, while the Roman Church celebrated Easter on Sunday—the weekday of Jesus's resurrection. The two did not agree on a common date, but Anicetus conceded to Polycarp and the Church of Smyrna the ability to retain the date to which they were accustomed. The controversy was to grow heated in the following centuries.[5]

The Christian historian Hegesippus also visited Rome during Anicetus's pontificate. This visit is often cited as a sign of the early importance of the Roman See.[5]

Anicetus actively opposed the Gnostics and Marcionism.[citation needed] The Liber Pontificalis records that Anicetus decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair (perhaps because the Gnostics wore long hair).[4]

According to church tradition, Anicetus suffered martyrdom during the reign of Emperor Lucius Verus, but there are no historical grounds for this account.[6] 16, 17 and 20 April are all cited as the date of his death, but 20 April is currently celebrated as his feast day.[1] Before 1970, the date chosen was 17 April.[6] The Liber Pontificalis states he was buried in the cemetery of Callistus.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)
  2. ^ (in Greek) Άγιος Ανίκητος ο Ιερομάρτυρας πάπας Ρώμης Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής
  3. ^ Campbell, Thomas (1907). "Pope St. Anicetus" in The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  4. ^ a b c Raymond Davis (2000). Book of the Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis) (Liverpool University Press - Translated Texts for Historians). Liverpool University Press (published January 1, 2001). p. 5. ISBN 9780853235453. OL 8283722M.
  5. ^ a b Irenaeus, cited in Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica, 5.24; translated by G.A. Williamson, Eusebius: History of the Church (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965), pp. 232f
  6. ^ a b Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 120
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Titles of the Great Christian Church
Preceded by Bishop of Rome
154–167 		Succeeded by
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