Popular Unitary Action Movement: Difference between revisions

Popular Unitary Action Movement

Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria
Popular Unitary Action Movement Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria
Leader	Historical Leaders; Jacques Chonchol; Rodrigo Ambrosio; Eduardo Aquevedo; Kalki Glauser; Óscar Guillermo Garretón
Founded	May 19, 1969
Dissolved	June 8, 1994
Split from	Christian Democratic Party
Headquarters	Santiago de Chile
Ideology	Liberation theology; Christian socialism; Marxism; Democratic socialism
Political position	Left-wing
National affiliation	Popular Unity (1969–1973); People's Democratic Movement (1983–1987)
Party flag
	Politics of Chile; Political parties; Elections;

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The Popular Unitary Action Movement or MAPU (Spanish: Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario) was a small leftist political party in Chile. It was part of the Popular Unity coalition during the government of Salvador Allende. MAPU was repressed during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. In this period, some of its most radical members formed the Movimiento Juvenil Lautaro, whose leaders were political prisoners during the dictatorship and with the return to democracy. Another faction of the former members of the party joined the social democratic Party for Democracy in 1987.

History

MAPU was first formed as a splinter group of the Christian Democratic Party of Chile on May 19, 1969. At the time, Christian Democrats were in the government and many party members, especially among the youth, became critical of the party's policies that they regarded as pro-American and pro-imperialist. It joined the Unidad Popular coalition of Salvador Allende and participated in his government. The party's ideological line was not clearly defined at first. In fact, the party leaders were encouraged by Allende and Fidel Castro (whom the MAPU delegation met in 1972 when visiting Cuba) not to embrace Marxism officially, since there were such parties in Chile already, and the Unidad Popular coalition wished to claim a Christian Left niche, too (the newly founded Izquierda Cristiana was considered too small).

During the Second Congress of the party, held in 1972, the forces led by Óscar Guillermo Garretón [es] and Eduardo Aquevedo gained prominence. They adhered to Marxism-Leninism, had become more radicalized and oriented themselves towards non-aligned countries. A group of politicians (Jacques Chonchol, Rafael Agustín Gumucio [es], Alberto Jerez Horta and Julio Silva Solar) left to join the Izquierda Cristiana.^[1] On 7 March 1973, the MAPU split into two feuding groups: one organization, led by Oscar Guillermo Garretón and Eduardo Aquevedo embraced Marxism-Leninism and militant leftist positions. This group was supported by the Socialist Party, the MIR and the Izquierda Cristiana. The other faction, led by Jaime Gazmuri and Enrique Correa criticized the former for ultraleftism and formed a new party, MAPU Obrero Campesino, that was close to PCCh and followed more moderate tactics.^[1] Both groups remained in the Unidad Popular until it was overthrown.

Presidential candidates

The following is a list of the presidential candidates supported by the Popular Unitary Action Movement. (Information gathered from the Archive of Chilean Elections).

1970: Salvador Allende (won)
1988 plebiscite: "No" (won)
1989: Patricio Aylwin (won)
1993: Eugenio Pizarro (lost)

References

^ ^a ^b Correa, Enrique (23 July 2004). "La ruta de un camaleón". Punto Final.

External links

Rettig Report or The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report (English Translation)

This article about a Chilean political party is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[puntofinal-1] Correa, Enrique (23 July 2004). "La ruta de un camaleón". Punto Final.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Refimprove|date=July 2010}}
+{{More citations needed|date=July 2010}}
-{{Infobox Political party
+{{Infobox political party
-|party_name    = Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria<br> ''Popular Unitary Action Movement'' |
+| name             = Popular Unitary Action Movement
+| native_name      = Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria
-|party_logo    = [[Image:Bandera del MAPU, partit xilè.svg|thumb|200px|centre]] |
-|colorcode     = #FFFFFF
+| logo             =
+| logo_size        =
-|leader        = '''Historical Leaders'''<br>Rodrigo Ambrosio<br>Eduardo Aquevedo<br>Kalki Glauser<br>Óscar Guillermo Garretón
+| colorcode        = {{party color|Popular Unitary Action Movement}}
-|chairman      =
+| leader           = '''Historical Leaders'''<br />[[Jacques Chonchol]]<br />Rodrigo Ambrosio<br />Eduardo Aquevedo<br />Kalki Glauser<br />Óscar Guillermo Garretón
-|spokesperson  =
+| chairman         =
-|foundation    = [[Santiago de Chile]]<br>May 19, 1969
+| spokesperson     =
-|ideology      = [[Liberation theology]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Marxism]]
+| split            = [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|Christian Democratic Party]]
-|headquarters  =
+| foundation       = May 19, 1969
-|international = [[Popular Unity]] Government(Coalition)<br>1970 - 1973
+| dissolution      = June 8, 1994
-|website       = [http://www.memorialmapu.cl/mapu/21_portada.php MAPU Memorial Website]
+| ideology         = [[Liberation theology]]<br />[[Christian socialism]]<br />[[Marxism]]<br />[[Democratic socialism]]
+| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
+| headquarters     = [[Santiago de Chile]]
+| national         = [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Popular Unity]] (1969–1973)<br />[[People's Democratic Movement (Chile)|People's Democratic Movement]] (1983–1987)
+| website          =
+| country          = Chile
+| flag = Bandera del MAPU, partit xilè.svg
 }}
-The '''Popular Unitary Action Movement''' or '''MAPU''' ({{lang-es|'''Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario'''}}) was a small [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] [[political party]] in [[Chile]].  It was part of the [[Popular Unity]] coalition during the government of [[Salvador Allende]].  MAPU was [[political repression|repressed]] during the dictatorship of [[Augusto Pinochet]]. In this period, some of its most radical members formed the [[Movimiento Juvenil Lautaro]], whose leaders were [[political prisoner]]s during the dictatorship and with the return to democracy. Another faction of the former members of the party joined the [[social democratic]] [[Party for Democracy]] in 1987.
+The '''Popular Unitary Action Movement''' or '''MAPU''' ({{lang-es|'''Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario'''}}) was a small [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] [[political party]] in [[Chile]].  It was part of the [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Popular Unity]] coalition during the government of [[Salvador Allende]].  MAPU was [[political repression|repressed]] during the dictatorship of [[Augusto Pinochet]]. In this period, some of its most radical members formed the [[Lautaro Youth Movement|Movimiento Juvenil Lautaro]], whose leaders were [[political prisoner]]s during the dictatorship and with the return to democracy. Another faction of the former members of the party joined the [[social democratic]] [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|Party for Democracy]] in 1987.
+==History==
-MAPU was first formed as a splinter group of the [[Christian Democrat Party of Chile]] on May 19, 1969. At the time, Christian Democrats were in the government and many party members, especially among the youth, became critical of the party's policies that they regarded as pro-American and pro-imperialist. It joined the [[Unidad Popular]] coalition  of [[Salvador Allende]] and participated in his government. The party's ideological line was not clearly defined at first. In fact, the party leaders were encouraged by Allende and [[Fidel Castro]] (whom the MAPU delegation met in 1972 when visiting Cuba) not to embrace [[Marxism]] officially, since there were such parties in Chile already, and the Unidad Popular coalition wished to claim a Christian Left niche, too (the newly founded [[Christian Left Party of Chile|Izquierda Cristiana]] was considered too small).
+MAPU was first formed as a splinter group of the [[Christian Democratic Party of Chile]] on May 19, 1969. At the time, Christian Democrats were in the government and many party members, especially among the youth, became critical of the party's policies that they regarded as pro-American and pro-imperialist. It joined the [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Unidad Popular]] coalition  of [[Salvador Allende]] and participated in his government. The party's ideological line was not clearly defined at first. In fact, the party leaders were encouraged by Allende and [[Fidel Castro]] (whom the MAPU delegation met in 1972 when visiting Cuba) not to embrace [[Marxism]] officially, since there were such parties in Chile already, and the Unidad Popular coalition wished to claim a Christian Left niche, too (the newly founded [[Christian Left Party of Chile|Izquierda Cristiana]] was considered too small).
-During the Second Congress of the party, held in 1972, the forces led by Óscar Guillermo Garretón and Eduardo Aquevedo gained prominence. They adhered to [[Marxism-Leninism]], had become more radicalized and oriented themselves towards [[non-aligned movement|non-aligned countries]]. A group of politicians (Chonchol, Rafael Agustín Gumucio, Alberto Jerez y Julio Silva Solar) left to join the Izquierda Cristiana.<ref>http://www.puntofinal.cl/572/correa.htm</ref> On 7 March 1973, the MAPU split into two feuding groups: one organization, led by Oscar Guillermo Garretón and Eduardo Aquevedo embraced Marxism-Leninism and militant leftist positions. This group was supported by the Socialist Party, the [[MIR]] and the Izquierda Cristiana. The other faction, led by [[Jaime Gazmuri]] and [[Enrique Correa]] criticized the former for [[ultraleftism]] and formed a new party, [[MAPU Obrero Campesino]], that was close to [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] and followed more moderate tactics.<ref>http://www.puntofinal.cl/572/correa.htmref></ref> Both groups remained in the Unidad Popular until it was overthrown.
+During the Second Congress of the party, held in 1972, the forces led by {{ill|Óscar Guillermo Garretón|es}} and Eduardo Aquevedo gained prominence. They adhered to [[Marxism-Leninism]], had become more radicalized and oriented themselves towards [[non-aligned movement|non-aligned countries]]. A group of politicians ([[Jacques Chonchol]], {{ill|Rafael Agustín Gumucio|es}}, [[Alberto Jerez Horta]] and [[Julio Silva Solar]]) left to join the Izquierda Cristiana.<ref name=puntofinal>{{cite news |last1=Correa |first1=Enrique |url=http://www.puntofinal.cl/572/correa.htm |date=23 July 2004 |title=La ruta de un camaleón |publisher=[[Punto Final]] }}</ref> On 7 March 1973, the MAPU split into two feuding groups: one organization, led by Oscar Guillermo Garretón and Eduardo Aquevedo embraced Marxism-Leninism and militant leftist positions. This group was supported by the Socialist Party, the [[Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)|MIR]] and the Izquierda Cristiana. The other faction, led by [[Jaime Gazmuri]] and [[Enrique Correa]] criticized the former for [[ultraleftism]] and formed a new party, [[MAPU Obrero Campesino]], that was close to [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] and followed more moderate tactics.<ref name=puntofinal /> Both groups remained in the Unidad Popular until it was overthrown.
+== Presidential candidates ==
+The following is a list of the presidential candidates supported by the Popular Unitary Action Movement. (Information gathered from the [http://eleccion.atspace.com/ Archive of Chilean Elections]).
+*[[1970 Chilean presidential election|1970]]: [[Salvador Allende]] (won)
+*1988 plebiscite: "No" (won)
+*[[1989 Chilean presidential election|1989]]: [[Patricio Aylwin]] (won)
+*[[1993 Chilean presidential election|1993]]: [[Eugenio Pizarro]] (lost)
 ==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-<references/>
 == External links ==
-*[http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/chile_1993_toc.html Rettig Report or The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report (English Translation)]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090506012049/http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/chile_1993_toc.html Rettig Report or The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report (English Translation)]
-*[http://www.memorialmapu.cl/mapu/21_portada.php MAPU Memorial Website (Spanish language)]
+{{Authority control}}
-[[Category:Communist parties in Chile]]
+[[Category:1969 establishments in Chile]]
+[[Category:1994 disestablishments in Chile]]
+[[Category:Catholicism and far-left politics]]
+[[Category:Christian socialist organizations]]
+[[Category:Defunct political parties in Chile]]
+[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1994]]
 [[Category:Political parties established in 1969]]
-[[Category:Political parties in Chile]]
+[[Category:Presidency of Salvador Allende]]
-[[Category:Chile under Salvador Allende]]
+[[Category:Socialist parties in Chile]]
-[[Category:Christian socialism]]
-{{Chile-stub}}
+{{Chile-party-stub}}

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International	VIAF
National	France BnF data
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