Popular Unitary Action Movement: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox political party |
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| name = Popular Unitary Action Movement |
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| native_name = Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria |
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| colorcode = {{party color|Popular Unitary Action Movement}} |
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| split = [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|Christian Democratic Party]] |
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|international = [[Popular Unity]] Government(Coalition)<br>1970 - 1973 |
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| dissolution = June 8, 1994 |
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|website = [http://www.memorialmapu.cl/mapu/21_portada.php MAPU Memorial Website] |
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| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] |
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| national = [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Popular Unity]] (1969–1973)<br />[[People's Democratic Movement (Chile)|People's Democratic Movement]] (1983–1987) |
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| country = Chile |
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The '''Popular Unitary Action Movement''' or '''MAPU''' ({{lang-es|'''Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario'''}}) was a small [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] [[political party]] in [[Chile]]. It was part of the [[Popular Unity]] coalition during the government of [[Salvador Allende]]. MAPU was [[political repression|repressed]] during the dictatorship of [[Augusto Pinochet]]. In this period, some of its most radical members formed the [[Movimiento Juvenil Lautaro]], whose leaders were [[political prisoner]]s during the dictatorship and with the return to democracy. Another faction of the former members of the party joined the [[social democratic]] [[Party for Democracy]] in 1987. |
The '''Popular Unitary Action Movement''' or '''MAPU''' ({{lang-es|'''Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario'''}}) was a small [[Left-wing politics|leftist]] [[political party]] in [[Chile]]. It was part of the [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Popular Unity]] coalition during the government of [[Salvador Allende]]. MAPU was [[political repression|repressed]] during the dictatorship of [[Augusto Pinochet]]. In this period, some of its most radical members formed the [[Lautaro Youth Movement|Movimiento Juvenil Lautaro]], whose leaders were [[political prisoner]]s during the dictatorship and with the return to democracy. Another faction of the former members of the party joined the [[social democratic]] [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|Party for Democracy]] in 1987. |
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==History== |
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MAPU was first formed as a splinter group of the [[Christian |
MAPU was first formed as a splinter group of the [[Christian Democratic Party of Chile]] on May 19, 1969. At the time, Christian Democrats were in the government and many party members, especially among the youth, became critical of the party's policies that they regarded as pro-American and pro-imperialist. It joined the [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Unidad Popular]] coalition of [[Salvador Allende]] and participated in his government. The party's ideological line was not clearly defined at first. In fact, the party leaders were encouraged by Allende and [[Fidel Castro]] (whom the MAPU delegation met in 1972 when visiting Cuba) not to embrace [[Marxism]] officially, since there were such parties in Chile already, and the Unidad Popular coalition wished to claim a Christian Left niche, too (the newly founded [[Christian Left Party of Chile|Izquierda Cristiana]] was considered too small). |
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During the Second Congress of the party, held in 1972, the forces led by Óscar Guillermo Garretón and Eduardo Aquevedo gained prominence. They adhered to [[Marxism-Leninism]], had become more radicalized and oriented themselves towards [[non-aligned movement|non-aligned countries]]. A group of politicians (Chonchol, Rafael Agustín Gumucio, Alberto Jerez |
During the Second Congress of the party, held in 1972, the forces led by {{ill|Óscar Guillermo Garretón|es}} and Eduardo Aquevedo gained prominence. They adhered to [[Marxism-Leninism]], had become more radicalized and oriented themselves towards [[non-aligned movement|non-aligned countries]]. A group of politicians ([[Jacques Chonchol]], {{ill|Rafael Agustín Gumucio|es}}, [[Alberto Jerez Horta]] and [[Julio Silva Solar]]) left to join the Izquierda Cristiana.<ref name=puntofinal>{{cite news |last1=Correa |first1=Enrique |url=http://www.puntofinal.cl/572/correa.htm |date=23 July 2004 |title=La ruta de un camaleón |publisher=[[Punto Final]] }}</ref> On 7 March 1973, the MAPU split into two feuding groups: one organization, led by Oscar Guillermo Garretón and Eduardo Aquevedo embraced Marxism-Leninism and militant leftist positions. This group was supported by the Socialist Party, the [[Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)|MIR]] and the Izquierda Cristiana. The other faction, led by [[Jaime Gazmuri]] and [[Enrique Correa]] criticized the former for [[ultraleftism]] and formed a new party, [[MAPU Obrero Campesino]], that was close to [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] and followed more moderate tactics.<ref name=puntofinal /> Both groups remained in the Unidad Popular until it was overthrown. |
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== Presidential candidates == |
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The following is a list of the presidential candidates supported by the Popular Unitary Action Movement. (Information gathered from the [http://eleccion.atspace.com/ Archive of Chilean Elections]). |
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*[[1970 Chilean presidential election|1970]]: [[Salvador Allende]] (won) |
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*1988 plebiscite: "No" (won) |
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*[[1989 Chilean presidential election|1989]]: [[Patricio Aylwin]] (won) |
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*[[1993 Chilean presidential election|1993]]: [[Eugenio Pizarro]] (lost) |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<references/> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*[http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/chile_1993_toc.html Rettig Report or The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report (English Translation)] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090506012049/http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/chile_1993_toc.html Rettig Report or The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report (English Translation)] |
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*[http://www.memorialmapu.cl/mapu/21_portada.php MAPU Memorial Website (Spanish language)] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1969 establishments in Chile]] |
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[[Category:1994 disestablishments in Chile]] |
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[[Category:Catholicism and far-left politics]] |
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[[Category:Defunct political parties in Chile]] |
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[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1994]] |
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1969]] |
[[Category:Political parties established in 1969]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Presidency of Salvador Allende]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Socialist parties in Chile]] |
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{{Chile-stub}} |
{{Chile-party-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 22:23, 3 November 2023
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2010) |
Popular Unitary Action Movement Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria | |
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Leader | Historical Leaders Jacques Chonchol Rodrigo Ambrosio Eduardo Aquevedo Kalki Glauser Óscar Guillermo Garretón |
Founded | May 19, 1969 |
Dissolved | June 8, 1994 |
Split from | Christian Democratic Party |
Headquarters | Santiago de Chile |
Ideology | Liberation theology Christian socialism Marxism Democratic socialism |
Political position | Left-wing |
National affiliation | Popular Unity (1969–1973) People's Democratic Movement (1983–1987) |
Party flag | |
The Popular Unitary Action Movement or MAPU (Spanish: Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario) was a small leftist political party in Chile. It was part of the Popular Unity coalition during the government of Salvador Allende. MAPU was repressed during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. In this period, some of its most radical members formed the Movimiento Juvenil Lautaro, whose leaders were political prisoners during the dictatorship and with the return to democracy. Another faction of the former members of the party joined the social democratic Party for Democracy in 1987.
History
[edit]MAPU was first formed as a splinter group of the Christian Democratic Party of Chile on May 19, 1969. At the time, Christian Democrats were in the government and many party members, especially among the youth, became critical of the party's policies that they regarded as pro-American and pro-imperialist. It joined the Unidad Popular coalition of Salvador Allende and participated in his government. The party's ideological line was not clearly defined at first. In fact, the party leaders were encouraged by Allende and Fidel Castro (whom the MAPU delegation met in 1972 when visiting Cuba) not to embrace Marxism officially, since there were such parties in Chile already, and the Unidad Popular coalition wished to claim a Christian Left niche, too (the newly founded Izquierda Cristiana was considered too small).
During the Second Congress of the party, held in 1972, the forces led by Óscar Guillermo Garretón and Eduardo Aquevedo gained prominence. They adhered to Marxism-Leninism, had become more radicalized and oriented themselves towards non-aligned countries. A group of politicians (Jacques Chonchol, Rafael Agustín Gumucio , Alberto Jerez Horta and Julio Silva Solar) left to join the Izquierda Cristiana.[1] On 7 March 1973, the MAPU split into two feuding groups: one organization, led by Oscar Guillermo Garretón and Eduardo Aquevedo embraced Marxism-Leninism and militant leftist positions. This group was supported by the Socialist Party, the MIR and the Izquierda Cristiana. The other faction, led by Jaime Gazmuri and Enrique Correa criticized the former for ultraleftism and formed a new party, MAPU Obrero Campesino, that was close to PCCh and followed more moderate tactics.[1] Both groups remained in the Unidad Popular until it was overthrown.
Presidential candidates
[edit]The following is a list of the presidential candidates supported by the Popular Unitary Action Movement. (Information gathered from the Archive of Chilean Elections).
- 1970: Salvador Allende (won)
- 1988 plebiscite: "No" (won)
- 1989: Patricio Aylwin (won)
- 1993: Eugenio Pizarro (lost)
References
[edit]- ^ a b Correa, Enrique (23 July 2004). "La ruta de un camaleón". Punto Final.
External links
[edit]
- 1969 establishments in Chile
- 1994 disestablishments in Chile
- Catholicism and far-left politics
- Christian socialist organizations
- Defunct political parties in Chile
- Political parties disestablished in 1994
- Political parties established in 1969
- Presidency of Salvador Allende
- Socialist parties in Chile
- South American political party stubs
- Chile politics stubs
- Chilean organisation stubs