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| commander-in-chief = [[Ivan Korsun]]
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| minister = [[Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic)|Vladimir Kononov]]
| minister = [[Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic)|Vladimir Kononov]]
| minister_title = Minister of Defence
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Revision as of 00:26, 21 September 2014

United Armed Forces of Novorossiya
Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии
War flag of Novorossiya
FoundedMarch 2014[1]
Current form16 September 2014[2]
HeadquartersDonetsk
Leadership
Minister of DefenceVladimir Kononov

The United Armed Forces of Novorossiya (Russian: Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии),[2][3] formerly the Donbass People's Militia (Russian: "Наро́дное ополче́ние Донба́сса"[4][5]), is an armed militant group affiliated with the Union of Novorossiya. It is regarded as a terrorist group by the Ukrainian government. When it was called "Donbass People's Militia", it was mostly active in the Donetsk Oblast. The militia was formed by Pavel Gubarev, who was elected "People's Governor" of Donetsk Oblast by pro-Russian protesters.[6] Since then, it has fought a war against the Ukrainian government in the Donbass region of Ukraine. The militia was accused by the Ukrainian government of culpability in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 on 17 July 2014, though this claim is unproven. The Lugansk People's Republic's armed wing; Army of the South-East was merged into the militia on 16 September 2014, forming the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[2]

History

Donbass Militia at rally on April 6, 2014

In early April, 2014, the militant group had seized control of several government buildings in Eastern Ukraine such as in Donetsk, Kharkiv,[6] Kramatorsk and Sloviansk.[7][8][nb 1]

On April 12, the supporters of the Donetsk People's Republic and members of Donbass People's Militia set up checkpoints and barricades in Sloviansk.[18]

On April 12, Donetsk SWAT unit (former members of Donetsk "Berkut" unit) joined the forces of militia.[19]

On April 13, the newly established Ukrainian government gave the separatists a deadline to disarm or face a "full-scale anti-terrorist campaign" in the region.[20]

On April 13, there were reports of fighting between the gunmen and Ukranian troops near Sloviansk, with casualties on both sides.[21][22]

On April 14, at the entrance to the city of Sloviansk members of Donbass People's Militia blocked KrAZ military truck with Grad missiles.[23][24]

Sloviansk city council under control of unknown armed men with Kalashnikov assault rifles and anti-tank rocket launchers

On April 15, the "counter-terrorism" operation began.[25]

On April 16, the people's militia entered Sloviansk with six BMD airborne amphibious tracked infantry fighting vehicles[26][27] they obtained from parts of the 25th Airborne Brigade[28] who had switched allegiance.[29][30][31][32] Reports say the "occupants" were disarmed after the vehicles were blockaded by locals.[33]

On April 20, unidentified armed group in civilian clothes attacked Donbass People's Militia checkpoint at the entrance to the city of Sloviansk. Three attackers and three members of Donbass People's Militia were killed.[36]

On May 14, eight members of people's militia seized one IMR armored vehicle from Novokramatorsky Mashinostroitelny Zavod.[37]

On May 15, Donbass People's Militia sent an ultimatum to Kiev. They ordered to withdraw all Ukrainian troops from Donetsk oblast.[38]

On May 17, several members of people's militia seized two BRDM unarmed armored vehicles from Severodonetsk and Lysychansk (Luhansk Oblast)[39]

On May 22, the Federal State of New Russia was declared.

On May 23, several members of people's militia seized another one BRDM-RKh unarmed armored vehicle from Loskutovka (Luhansk Oblast)[40]

Initial reports indicate that the militia may be culpable in the downing of a civilian airliner, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, on 17 July 2014.[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]

In August 8 militia claimed that after battles near border with Russia they captured 67 pieces of equipment with varying status (serviceable equipment without ammunition and fuel, with faults, damaged in battle and completely unusable), including 18 multiple rocket launching systems "Grad", 15 tanks and armored personnel carriers, howitzers, MANPADS, etc.[49]

As of August 12, the militia has at least 200 armored vehicles.[50]

The armies of both the Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic merged on 16 September 2014 to form the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[2][51]

Structure

The militia consist of different armed groups, which took the oath for Donetsk People's Republic. Militant groups which refused to do it were disarmed as gangs.[52]

Combat forces

File:Flag of the Vostok Battalion (Donetsk People's Republic).svg
Flag of the Vostok Battalion

Non-combat units

  • Novorossiya Humanitarian Battalion (Russian: Гуманитарный батальон «Новороссия») - non-combat unit involved in protecting the delivery of humanitarian aid.[76]

Commanders

Flags and symbols

Following flags and symbols are often used by Donbass People's Militia:

Equipment

According to the Donetsk People's Republic all its military equipment is "hardware that we took from the Ukrainian military".[80] According to the Ukrainian government and the United States Department of State this is not so and they have received military equipment from Russia, including Russian tanks and multiple rocket launchers.[81] Russia denied doing this.[81] In August 2014 Ukrainian Defense Minister Valeriy Heletey claimed the proof for the weapons supply from Russia was that the fighters of the Donbass People's Militia were using Russian-made weapons that were never used (or bought) by the Ukrainian army.[82]

Camouflage

Camouflage clothing has been provided to militiamen by surplus stores, captured Ukrainian military bases, or brought by Russian volunteers.

Pistols

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Makarov PM Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov  Soviet Union 8-round magazine.
Tokarev TT-33 Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 8-round magazine.

Carbines

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
SKS Semi-automatic carbine 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union File:SKS carbine.jpg 10-round magazine.
AKS-74U Carbine 5.45×39mm M74  Soviet Union 30-round magazine.

Assault rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AKM Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union File:Akm rifle fullstock.jpg 30-round magazine.
AK-74 Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74  Soviet Union 30-round magazine. AKS-74 is also used by the militia.
AK-74M Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74  Russia 30-round magazine.

Sniper rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Dragunov SVD Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union File:Svd 1 russian.jpg 10-round magazine.

Machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
RPK-74 Light machine gun 5.45×39mm M74  Soviet Union 30 or 45-round magazine.
PKM General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union Belt fed with 100, 200 or 250-round boxes.
NSV Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union Belt fed with 50-round boxes.

Grenades and grenade launchers

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
F-1 Hand grenade 55mm  Soviet Union 4 meter kill radius, 3.5-4 second fuse.
RGD-5 Hand Grenade 58mm  Soviet Union Propels ~350 fragments, 5 meter kill radius, 3.2-4 second fuse.
GP-25 Under-barrel grenade launcher 40mm  Soviet Union Can be fitted to AK type rifles.
AGS-17 Automatic grenade launcher 30mm  Soviet Union Belt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire.

Anti-tank

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
RPG-7 Rocket-propelled grenade Warhead diameter varies  Soviet Union Reloadable launcher.
RPG-18 Rocket-propelled grenade 64mm  Soviet Union Single-shot disposable launcher.
RPG-26 Rocket-propelled grenade 72.5mm  Soviet Union Single-shot disposable launcher.
SPG-9 Recoilless rifle 73mm  Soviet Union Single-shot reloadable launcher.
9K111 Fagot Anti-tank guided missile 120mm  Soviet Union Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.

Tanks

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
IS-3 Heavy tank 1  Soviet Union One taken off a war memorial in the village of Aleksando-Kalynove near Kostiantynivka and restored.[108][109] Kostiantynivka was retaken by Ukrainian forces on 7 July 2014, along with the IS-3.[110][111][112] After repair it was returned to its pedestal.[112]
T-54 Medium tank 1  Soviet Union Restored one from a historical museum in Donetsk.[113]
T-64/B/BV Main battle tank 20+  Soviet Union Four T-64s seen heading towards Donetsk from Yenakiieve.[114]
T-72 Main battle tank 10+  Soviet Union Seen in a sepatarist convoy, claimed to be supplied by Russia. T-72B1 and T-72BM variants.[115]

Infantry Fighting Vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BMP-2 Infantry fighting vehicle 2+  Soviet Union Two seen in a Vostok Battalion column in Donetsk.[116]
BMD-1 Airborne infantry fighting vehicle 1  Soviet Union One captured from the 25th Airborne Brigade.
BMD-2 Airborne infantry fighting vehicle 3-4  Soviet Union One captured from the 25th Airborne Brigade, three seen in an armored column in Donetsk[116]

Armored Personnel Carriers

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BTR-D Airborne Amphibious Armored Personnel Carrier 1  Soviet Union One captured from the 25th Airborne Brigade.
BTR-70 Armored personnel carrier 5  Soviet Union Used by the Vostok Battalion. Two seen in an armored column in Donetsk.[116]
BTR-80 Armored personnel carrier N/A  Soviet Union

Armored Scout Cars

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BRDM-1 Amphibious Armoured Scout Car N/A  Soviet Union Amphibious Soviet scout car.
BRDM-2 Amphibious Armored Scout Car N/A  Soviet Union Amphibious Soviet scout car.

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle >1  Soviet Union One seen heading towards Donetsk from Yenakiieve.[114]
Ural-4320 Medium cargo truck >5  Soviet Union Five seen in an armored column in Donetsk, several had armored skirts.[116]
KamAZ-4310 Medium cargo truck >2  Soviet Union Two seen in an armored column in Donetsk.[116]

Field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
D-30 122mm Howitzer N/A  Soviet Union Captured from Ukrainian forces.
MT-12 "Rapira" Anti-tank gun N/A  Soviet Union

Self-propelled field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
2S1 Gvozdika 122mm Self-propelled howitzer 3  Soviet Union Three Gvozdikas were seen heading towards Donetsk from Yenakiieve.[114]
2S9 Nona 120mm Self-propelled artillery 2-3  Soviet Union One captured from the 25th Airborne Brigade. Two seen in Donetsk[117]

Rocket artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BM-21 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 18+  Soviet Union 18 captured from Ukrainian forces after battles near the border with Russia.[49]

Air Defence Vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
9K35 Strela-10 Short range SAM 1  Soviet Union One seen in Donetsk nicknamed "Лягушонок"[104] (frogling).
Buk missile system Medium range SAM 1  Soviet Union One seen in Snizhne, though unconfirmed.[118]

Towed anti-aircraft artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZU-23-2 Anti-aircraft gun N/A  Soviet Union Towed 23mm anti-aircraft twin-barreled autocannon. One seen in an armored column in Donetsk on a technical.[116]

MANPADS

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
9K38 Igla-1 Man portable air defence system N/A  Soviet Union Captured from Ukrainian military bases (DPR claim). Supplied by Russia (Ukrainian claim).

Aircraft

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Sukhoi Su-25 Close air support 1  Soviet Union One Su-25 was captured by the Army of the South-East in early July 2014. The aircraft has been in service since the 1st of September. [119]
Antonov An-2 Transport 1  Soviet Union One An-2 was captured by the Army of the South-East in May 2014. [120]

Relationship with Russia

As the conflict intensified, the Donbass People's Militia was bolstered with many volunteers from the former Soviet Union, mainly Russia; including fighters from Chechnya and North Ossetia.[121]

According to the Ukrainian government and the United States Department of State the Donbass People's Militia have received military equipment from Russia, including Russian tanks and multiple rocket launchers.[81] Russia denied doing this and has described the Russian citizens fighting with the Donbass People's Militia as volunteers.[81][122] The Donetsk People's Republic claimed on 16 August 2014 it had received (together with 30 tanks and 120 other armoured vehicles of undisclosed origin) 1,200 "individuals who have gone through training over a four-month period on the territory of the Russian Federation".[123][124] The Donetsk People's Republic claims it has not received military equipment from Russia; but that all its military equipment is "hardware that we took from the Ukrainian military".[80] In August 2014 Ukrainian Defense Minister Valeriy Heletey disputed this claim because (according to him) the fighters of the Donbass People's Militia were using Russian-made weapons that were never used (or bought) by the Ukrainian army; and which thus had to been supplied to them from Russia.[82]

The injured of the Donbass People's Militia are exclusively treated in Russia.[121] For example in hospitals in Donetsk, Russia; the Donetsk Central Hospital in this city (in mid-August) saw between 10 and 20 injured fighters daily.[121] The Russian Emergency Ministry did help with treatment logistics.[121] The injured were also questioned and registered by the (Russian) Federal Security Service.[121]

Post-War in Donbass

The injured of the Donbass People's Militia treated in Russia mid-August 2014 claimed they could not return to Ukraine if the Ukrainian army would win the War in Donbass.[121] They stated that if Ukraine would win the War in Donbass they would hold a partisan warfare-campaign in Eastern Ukraine.[121]

Notes

  1. ^ Since 13 April 2014 all government buildings in Kharkiv are fully under Ukrainian control.[9][10][11][12][12][13][14][15][16] Kharkiv returned to relative calm by 30 April.[17]

References

  1. ^ "Самым неспокойным городом Украины в последние дни неожиданно стал Донецк. «Народное ополчение Донбасса» ... еще 3 марта взяло штурмом областную администрацию"
    Русский и бессмысленный // LENTA.RU от 6 марта 2014
  2. ^ a b c d "ДНР и ЛНР приступили к созданию Армии Новороссии". Novorossiya (in Russian). 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  3. ^ "Donetsk, Luhansk armies to form armed forces". Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  4. ^ Жители Славянска поддержали «Народное ополчение Донбасса» // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 апреля 2014
  5. ^ ""Народное ополчение Донбасса" строит баррикады"
    Протесты в Славянске Донецкой области // "ИТАР-ТАСС" от 13 апреля 2014
  6. ^ a b c "In northeast Ukraine, pro-Maidan occupiers are routed by counter-demonstrators". The Washington Post. March 1, 2014.
  7. ^ "Pro-Russian activists seize Interior Ministry branch in southeast Ukraine". GlobalPost. April 12, 2014.
  8. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Another police building seized in east". BBC. April 12, 2014.
  9. ^ "Pro-Russia activists declare establishment of 'Kharkiv people's republic'". Focus Information Agency. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  10. ^ "Pro-Russian Protesters Declare 'People's Republic' In Kharkiv". LiveLeak.com. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  11. ^ "Kharkiv settles down, while pro-Russian separatists still hold buildings in Luhansk, Donetsk". Kyiv Post. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Kharkiv city government building infiltrated by pro-Russian protesters". Kyiv Post. 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  13. ^ "Кернес пообіцяв допомогти звільнити затриманих сепаратистів | Українська правда". Pravda.com.ua. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  14. ^ Kharkiv torn between Europe and Russia, Deutsche Welle (6 March 2014)
  15. ^ "После нападения антимайдановцев на митинг Евромайдана в Харькове пострадало 50 человек : Новости УНИАН". Unian.net. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  16. ^ "Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine". Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  17. ^ "Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine – based on information received up until 29 April 2014" (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  18. ^ На одном из блокпостов около Славянска слышна стрельба и взрывы // "Первый канал" от 13 апреля 2014
  19. ^ «Это наши люди» // «Взгляд.RU» от 12 апреля 2014
  20. ^ "Ukraine gives rebels deadline to disarm or face military operation". Reuters. April 13, 2014.
  21. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Casualties in Sloviansk gun battles". BBC News. 13 April 2014.
  22. ^ "Ukraine Army Launches 'Anti-Terror' Operation". Sky News via Yahoo! News. 13 April 2014.
  23. ^ Народное ополчение Донбасса задержало грузовики со снарядами для "Града" на въезде в Славянск // "Интерфакс" от 14 апреля 2014
  24. ^ "Представители "Народного ополчения Донбасса" задержали грузовик со снарядами к реактивной системе залпового огня (РСЗО) "Град" на одном из блок-постов возле города Славянск Донецкой области. Об этом сообщили 13 апреля местные СМИ. Источники в силовых структурах признали факт задержания "грузовика с вооружением", отметив, что задержанный автомобиль КрАЗ принадлежит Национальной гвардии Украины"
    СМИ: манифестанты задержали возле Славянска грузовик со снарядами к РСЗО "Град" // ИТАР-ТАСС от 14 апреля 2014
  25. ^ "Ukraine launches counter-terrorism operation in Donetsk region". UPI. April 15, 2014.
  26. ^ На сторону ополченцев в Славянске перешло уже около 60 военных // РИА "Новости - Украина" от 16 апреля 2014
  27. ^ "власти Украины признали, что шесть боевых машин десанта (БМД) у армии отобрали ополченцы"
    Колонна украинской бронетехники под Краматорском прорвала "блокаду" местных жителей, угрожая гранатой // NEWSRU.COM от 16 апреля 2014
  28. ^ За здачу зброї десантниками у Краматорську відкрито провадження // "Укрiнформ" вiд 17 квітня 2014
  29. ^ "Pro-Russian troops enter Ukraine city". Irish Independent. Retrieved 16 April. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  30. ^ Ukraine crisis: combat vehicles with pro-Russian troops enter town
  31. ^ Six Ukrainian Army Vehicles Join Pro-Federalist Protesters in Kramatorsk
  32. ^ In Ukraine, a crisis of bullets and economics
  33. ^ Ukraine crisis: Military column 'seized' in Kramatorsk
  34. ^ "самоходная артиллерийская установка «Нона»... была добровольна отдана сопротивлению десантниками 25-й аэромобильной бригады из Днепропетровска в середине апреля"
    Как устроена десантная машина «Нона» - символ сопротивления Донецкой республики // "Московский комсомолец" от 13 мая 2014
  35. ^ Самооборона Славянска обстреляла Нацгвардию из самоходной установки «Нона» // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 мая 2014
  36. ^ Атака на блокпост в Славянске: шестеро погибших // DELFI.LV от 20 апреля 2014
  37. ^ Вооруженные люди вывезли с Новокраматорского завода списанную инженерную машину разграждения // "Интерфакс - Украина" от 14 мая 2014
  38. ^ Ополченцы Донбасса поставили Киеву ультиматум // LENTA.RU от 15 мая 2014
  39. ^ На Луганщине боевики похитили две БРДМ из пожарно-спасательных частей // УНИАН от 18 мая 2014
  40. ^ Ополченцы захватили машину разведки на Луганщине // "iPress.UA" от 23 мая 2014
  41. ^ Miller, Christopher. "Rebel Commander: 'We Did Warn You — Do Not Fly in Our Sky'".
  42. ^ Sterbenz, Christina (July 17, 2014). "Rebel Leader: 'We Have Warned Them — Not To Fly In "Our Sky"' Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/igor-strelkov-comments-on-malaysia-mh17-2014-7#ixzz37mDNU3Be". Business Insider. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)
  43. ^ Zverev, Anton (Jul 17, 2014). "Malaysian airliner downed in Ukraine war zone, 295 dead". Reuters.
  44. ^ "Ukraine Separatist Social Media Site Claims Plane Downing". July 18, 2014.
  45. ^ "Katastrofa malezyjskiego samolotu na granicy rosyjsko-ukraińskiej. Prawie 300 ofiar. Prezydent Ukrainy: Mógł zostać zestrzelony". Gazeta.pl. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  46. ^ CSMonitor.com - Web evidence points to rebels in downing of MH17
  47. ^ "Ополченцы сообщили о сбитом Ан-26 на востоке Украины" (in Russian). 7 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014. On July 17 near the village of Rassypnoye over the Torez city in Donetsk region an An-26 transport plane of Ukrainian Air Force was taken down, said the militia. According to them, the plane crashed somewhere near the "Progress" mine, away from residential areas. According to one of the militias, at approximately 17:30 local time an An-26 flew over the city. It was hit by a rocket, there was an explosion and the plane went to the ground, leaving a black smoke. Debris fell from the sky
  48. ^ Yuhas, Alan (7 July 2014). "Malaysia Airlines plane MH17 crashes in Ukraine - live updates". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  49. ^ a b ДНР заявляет о захвате около 70 единиц военной техники силовиков|DPR claimed capturing about 70 pieces of military equipment // RIA Novosti, 8 August 2014
  50. ^ Для контрнаступления под Донецком ополченцы подготовили 200 бронемашин| For a counter-offensive near Donetsk militia prepared 200 armored vehicles// Vesti.ru, 12 August 2014
  51. ^ "Kremlin-backed rebels form Novorossiya army". Kyiv Post. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  52. ^ Бойцы народного ополчения Донбасса принесли присягу провозглашенной ДНР | Fighters of Donbass People's Militia took the oath for DPR (in Russian)
  53. ^ Сводка от Стрелкова 24.07.2014 |Summary from Strelkov 24 July 2014
  54. ^ В ДНР формируется Шахтерская дивизия|Miner Division formed in DPR
  55. ^ a b Три батальона ополченцев готовы отправиться в "горячие точки" Донецкой области |Three battalions of volunteers ready to go to the "hot spots" of Donetsk region (in Russian)
  56. ^ Герои Новороссии |Heroes of Novorossiya
  57. ^ Бородай признал, что за ДНР воюют добровольцы с Северного Кавказа|Boroday acknowledged that volunteers from the North Caucasus are fighting for DPR (in Russian)
  58. ^ СМИ: В боях на Украине участвуют ветераны войны в Южной Осетии| Media: Battles in Ukraine involve veterans from war in South Ossetia (in Russian)
  59. ^ a b В Донецке сформированы венгерские и польские интербригады |In Donetsk, Hungarian and Polish Brigade is formed (in Russian)
  60. ^ Добровольцы из Сербии едут на Донбасс | Volunteers from Serbia going to Donbass
  61. ^ Latvian Volunteers Head to Donetsk Republic, Plan to Join Militia (in English)
  62. ^ How Belarusians are fighting in Ukraine (in Russian)
  63. ^ "The Two Sides of Volunteers in Ukraine". teleSUR. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  64. ^ "'I was a separatist fighter in Ukraine'". The Guardian. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  65. ^ "Госпогранслужба: среди террористов есть абхазцы" (in Russian). LB.ua. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  66. ^ BACZYNSKA, GABRIELA (1 June 2014). "More foreign fighters break cover among Ukraine separatists". Reuters.
  67. ^ "Uzbeks Adding To Ranks of Ukraine's Pro-Russian Separatists". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  68. ^ Weaver, Courtney (27 May 2014). "Chechens join pro-Russians in battle foreast Ukraine". Financial Times.
  69. ^ Ukraine war pulls in foreign fighters BBC 31 August 2014
  70. ^ В поддержку ДНР прибыл израильский спецназ Алия - заместитель Губарева Korrespondent, 3 June 2014
  71. ^ Ополченцы уничтожили 10 единиц украинской бронетехники в боях у Саур-Могилы|Militimen destroyed 10 Ukrainian armored vehicles in battle near Saur-Mohila (in Russian)
  72. ^ Russia’s Donetsk Proxies Anticipate Ukrainian Siege Jamestown Foundation, Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149. 13 August 2014
  73. ^ Мозговой штурм: раскол в рядах луганских ополченцев // Komsomolskaya Pravda, 28 August 2014
  74. ^ Cossack against cossack Svetlana Bolotnikova, Open Democracy, 30 July 2014
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