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|width= 3.42 m
|width= 3.42 m
|height= 2.40 m
|height= 2.40 m
|origin= Egypt, Soviet Union
|origin= Egypt
|used_by= [[Egypt]]
|used_by= [[Egypt]]
|design_date=1990s
|design_date=1990s
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|crew= 4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
|crew= 4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
|armour= Active/Passive
|armour= Active/Passive
|primary_armament=105 mm [[Royal Ordnance L7|M68]] rifled cannon
|primary_armament=105 mm [[M68 (tank gun)|M68]] rifled cannon
|secondary_armament=1 × 7.62 mm [[SGMT]] medium coaxial machine gun,<br />1 × .50-caliber (12.7 mm) [[M2HB]] heavy machine gun
|secondary_armament=1 × 7.62 mm [[SGMT]] medium coaxial machine gun,<br />1 × .50-caliber (12.7 mm) [[M2HB]] heavy machine gun
|engine= TCM AVDS-1790-5A turbocharged diesel developing 908 hp
|engine= TCM AVDS-1790-5A turbocharged diesel developing 908 hp
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The '''Ramses II tank''' is a heavily modernized [[T-55]] [[main battle tank]] designed for and used by the [[Egyptian Armed Forces]]. A single [[T-55|T-54]] was sent to the United States for upgrading. A primary prototype was sent to Egypt where extensive trials were completed in late 1987. The tank finally entered production in 2004–2005. A total of 425 units have been produced. The tank was originally called the T-54E ("E" stands for "Egyptian").
The '''Ramses II tank''' is a heavily modernized [[T-55]] [[main battle tank]] designed for and used by the [[Egyptian Armed Forces]]. A single [[T-55|T-54]] was sent to the United States for upgrading. A primary prototype was sent to Egypt where extensive trials were completed in late 1987. The tank finally entered production in 2004–2005. A total of 425 units have been produced. The tank was originally called the T-54E ("E" stands for "Egyptian").


At early stages, the upgrade was concerned with the firepower and mobility of the tank solely, while latter stages included the improvement of the level of protection as well. The tank's hull was modified to accommodate the new engine which had a great commonality with the one used by the [[M60A3]] (the most numerous main battle tank in active Egyptian service), as a result an additional road wheel was added. The tank is armed with the same main gun used by Egyptian M60A3's; in addition to a sophisticated fire control system.
At early stages, the upgrade was concerned with the firepower and mobility of the tank solely, while latter stages included the improvement of the level of protection as well. The tank's hull was modified to accommodate the new engine which had a great commonality with the one used by the [[M60A3]] (the most numerous main battle tank in active Egyptian service), as a result an additional road wheel was added. The tank is armed with the same main gun used by Egyptian M60A3's, in addition to a sophisticated fire control system.


==History of development==
==History of development==
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==Specifications==
==Specifications==
The upgrades and modifications, which resulted in an increase in the weight of the tank to 48 tons, are:
Here are the upgrades and modifications, which resulted in an increase in the weight of the tank to 48 tons.


===Fire Control System===
===Fire Control System===
====[[SABCA]] Titan Mk I====
====SABCA Titan Mk I====
A SABCA Titan Mk I laser fire-control system has been installed which includes:
A [[SABCA]] Titan Mk I laser [[fire-control system]] has been installed which includes:
* A modified [[Avimo]] TL10-T sight incorporating the laser range-finder
* A modified Avimo TL10-T sight incorporating the [[Laser rangefinder|laser range-finder]]
* An integrated in-eyepiece CRT alphanumeric graphic display
* An integrated in-eyepiece CRT alphanumeric graphic display
* An original SABCA double digital processor
* An original SABCA double digital processor
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The hull section has been modified to accommodate the new power pack, consisting of:
The hull section has been modified to accommodate the new power pack, consisting of:
* A TCM AVDS-1790-5A turbocharged diesel developing 908&nbsp;hp (which has 80 per cent commonality with the engine installed in the M60A3 MBT)
* A [[Continental AV1790|TCM AVDS-1790-5A]] turbocharged diesel developing 908&nbsp;hp (which has 80 per cent commonality with the engine installed in the M60A3 MBT)
* A Renk RK-304 transmission
* A [[Renk]] RK-304 transmission
* Two new exhaust pipes, one either side of the hull rear, replace the single exhaust outlet in the left side of the hull
* Two new exhaust pipes, one either side of the hull rear, replace the single exhaust outlet in the left side of the hull
* A new fuel tank. As a result of the lengthening of the hull (the Ramses II is nearly one meter longer than the T-54/55 and with an added wheel on each side)
* A new fuel tank. As a result of the lengthening of the hull (the Ramses II is nearly one meter longer than the T-54/55 and with an added wheel on each side)
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===Armament===
===Armament===
* The Gun system has had the following modifications:
* The Gun system has had the following modifications:
** The gun and turret stabilisation system are provided by HR Textron Incorporated of the United States
** The gun and turret stabilisation system are provided by [[Textron|HR Textron]] Incorporated of the United States
** The original DT-10T 100&nbsp;mm gun has been replaced by the 105&nbsp;mm M68 ordnance which is already fitted in the Egyptian M60A3 MBTs
** The original [[D-10 tank gun|DT-10T]] 100&nbsp;mm gun has been replaced by the 105&nbsp;mm M68 ordnance which is already fitted in the Egyptian M60A3 MBTs
** The original breech of the 100&nbsp;mm DT-10T gun has been retained and modified and the recoil system has also been modified
** The original breech of the 100&nbsp;mm DT-10T gun has been retained and modified and the recoil system has also been modified
** A muzzle reference system is fitted as standard
** A muzzle reference system is fitted as standard
** An M60 day/ night searchlight is mounted over the 105&nbsp;mm gun
** An M60 day/ night searchlight is mounted over the 105&nbsp;mm gun
** A collective type NBC system has been installed
** A collective type NBC system has been installed
** Has IR vision for the gunner and driver
** Has [[Night-vision device|IR vision]] for the gunner and driver
** An image intensification for the commander
** An [[Image intensifier|image intensification]] for the commander
** A laser range-finder with ballistic computer for the gunner
** A laser range-finder with ballistic computer for the gunner


===Protection===
===Protection===
* Active and passive protection has been upgraded by:
* Active and passive protection has been upgraded by:
** Armor protection has been added as have armored side skirts
** Armour protection has been added as have armoured side skirts
** A modern NBC [[Overpressure (CBRN protection)|overpressure]] system
** A modern NBC [[Overpressure (CBRN protection)|overpressure]] system
** A new air filtration system
** A new air filtration system
** A fire detection and suppression system
** A fire detection and suppression system
** Mounts 6 electrically operated smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret
** Mounts 6 electrically operated [[Grenade launcher#Fixed arrays|smoke grenade launchers]] on each side of the turret
** The hatch layout has been retained
** The hatch layout has been retained
** British Blair Catton tracks
** British Blair Catton tracks
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==See also==
==See also==

{{Portal|Tanks}}
* [[Main battle tank]]
* [[Main battle tank]]
* [[Egyptian Army]]
* [[Egyptian Army]]
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===Comparable vehicles===
===Comparable vehicles===
* [[TR-85]] ({{flag|Romania}})
* {{lwc|Al-Zarrar}}
* {{lwc|M60-2000 Main Battle Tank|M60-2000 MBT}}
* [[Al-Zarrar]] ({{flag|Pakistan}})
* {{lwc|Sabra (tank)|Sabra MBT}}
⚫
* [[Type 59G(BD) Durjoy]] ({{flag|Bangladesh}})
* {{lwc|Tiam (tank)|Tiam MBT}}
⚫
* [[Type 69 tank#Bangladesh|Type-69IIG]] ({{flag|Bangladesh}})
* {{lwc|TR-85}}
* [[M60-2000 Main Battle Tank]] ({{flag|Turkey}}/{{flag|United States}})
⚫
* {{lwc|Type 59G(BD) Durjoy}}
* [[Sabra (tank)]] ({{flag|Turkey}}/{{flag|Israel}})
⚫
* {{lwc|Type 69 tank#Bangladesh|Type-69IIG}}
* {{lwc|Type 72Z|Type 72Z/Safir-74}}


===Related lists===
===Related lists===
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==References==
==References==
* http://mainbattletanks.czweb.org/Tanky/Ramses2.htm
* http://mainbattletanks.czweb.org/Tanky/Ramses2.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230001712/http://mainbattletanks.czweb.org/Tanky/Ramses2.htm |date=2019-12-30 }}


{{Cold War tanks}}
{{Cold War tanks}}
{{Post-Cold War tanks|style=wide}}
{{Post-Cold War tanks|style=wide}}
{{T-54/T-55_navigation|style=wide}}


[[Category:Main battle tanks of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Main battle tanks of the Cold War]]

Latest revision as of 14:05, 22 June 2024

Ramses II
TypeMain battle tank
Place of originEgypt
Service history
In service2005–2020
Used byEgypt
WarsEgyptian Crisis
Production history
DesignerChrysler Defense
Designed1990s
Produced2004–2005
No. built+425
Specifications
Mass48 tons
LengthHull length: 7.05 m, With gun 9.60 m
Width3.42 m
Height2.40 m
Crew4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
ArmorActive/Passive
Main
armament
105 mm M68 rifled cannon
Secondary
armament
1 × 7.62 mm SGMT medium coaxial machine gun,
1 × .50-caliber (12.7 mm) M2HB heavy machine gun
EngineTCM AVDS-1790-5A turbocharged diesel developing 908 hp
Power/weight18 hp/tonne
TransmissionRenk RK-304 with 4 fwd and 4 rev
SuspensionGeneral Dynamics Land Systems Model 2880 in-arm hydropneumatic
Fuel capacity1,312 liters
Operational
range
530 km
Maximum speed Road: 69 km/h,
Off-road: 42 km/h

The Ramses II tank is a heavily modernized T-55 main battle tank designed for and used by the Egyptian Armed Forces. A single T-54 was sent to the United States for upgrading. A primary prototype was sent to Egypt where extensive trials were completed in late 1987. The tank finally entered production in 2004–2005. A total of 425 units have been produced. The tank was originally called the T-54E ("E" stands for "Egyptian").

At early stages, the upgrade was concerned with the firepower and mobility of the tank solely, while latter stages included the improvement of the level of protection as well. The tank's hull was modified to accommodate the new engine which had a great commonality with the one used by the M60A3 (the most numerous main battle tank in active Egyptian service), as a result an additional road wheel was added. The tank is armed with the same main gun used by Egyptian M60A3's, in addition to a sophisticated fire control system.

History of development[edit]

In November 1984, Teledyne Continental Motors (taken over by General Dynamics Land Systems) of the USA was awarded a contract to upgrade the firepower and mobility of a single T-54 tank. This was originally called the T-54E but was subsequently renamed Ramses II. The first prototype of the Ramses II was sent to Egypt for extensive firepower and mobility trials in January 1987 and these were completed in late 1987. Late in 1989, Egypt signed a technical assistance agreement with TCM to support the continued Egyptian testing of the Ramses II, with testing commencing in the summer of 1990. The tank finally entered production/conversion in 2004–2005 with 260 units so far modified from the stock of the T-54 available in the Egyptian Army arsenal.

Specifications[edit]

Here are the upgrades and modifications, which resulted in an increase in the weight of the tank to 48 tons.

Fire Control System[edit]

SABCA Titan Mk I[edit]

A SABCA Titan Mk I laser fire-control system has been installed which includes:

  • A modified Avimo TL10-T sight incorporating the laser range-finder
  • An integrated in-eyepiece CRT alphanumeric graphic display
  • An original SABCA double digital processor
  • An image intensification periscopic night sight
  • Automatic attitude and atmospheric sensors and associated control boxes
  • A new communications system

Mobility[edit]

The hull section has been modified to accommodate the new power pack, consisting of:

  • A TCM AVDS-1790-5A turbocharged diesel developing 908 hp (which has 80 per cent commonality with the engine installed in the M60A3 MBT)
  • A Renk RK-304 transmission
  • Two new exhaust pipes, one either side of the hull rear, replace the single exhaust outlet in the left side of the hull
  • A new fuel tank. As a result of the lengthening of the hull (the Ramses II is nearly one meter longer than the T-54/55 and with an added wheel on each side)
  • A new final drives
  • A new General Dynamics Land Systems, Model 2880 in-arm hydro-pneumatic suspension units each fitted with:
    • An M48-type road wheel
    • Idler at the front
    • Large drive sprocket at the rear
    • Two new track-return rollers and US pattern tracks replacing the original Russian tracks

Armament[edit]

  • The Gun system has had the following modifications:
    • The gun and turret stabilisation system are provided by HR Textron Incorporated of the United States
    • The original DT-10T 100 mm gun has been replaced by the 105 mm M68 ordnance which is already fitted in the Egyptian M60A3 MBTs
    • The original breech of the 100 mm DT-10T gun has been retained and modified and the recoil system has also been modified
    • A muzzle reference system is fitted as standard
    • An M60 day/ night searchlight is mounted over the 105 mm gun
    • A collective type NBC system has been installed
    • Has IR vision for the gunner and driver
    • An image intensification for the commander
    • A laser range-finder with ballistic computer for the gunner

Protection[edit]

  • Active and passive protection has been upgraded by:
    • Armour protection has been added as have armoured side skirts
    • A modern NBC overpressure system
    • A new air filtration system
    • A fire detection and suppression system
    • Mounts 6 electrically operated smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret
    • The hatch layout has been retained
    • British Blair Catton tracks
    • A new turret basket

Operators[edit]

See also[edit]

Related developments[edit]

Comparable vehicles[edit]

Related lists[edit]

References[edit]

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