Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon: Difference between revisions
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"Among the Churches of France", wrote Saint Bernard {{which|date=August 2024}} {{citation needed|date=August 2024}} to the canons of Lyon, "that of Lyon has hitherto had ascendancy over all the others, as much for the dignity of its see as for its praiseworthy institutions. It is especially in the [[Liturgy of the Hours|Divine Office]] that this judicious Church has never readily acquiesced in unexpected and sudden novelties, and has never submitted to be tarnished by innovations which are becoming only to youth."<ref name=ce/> |
"Among the Churches of France", wrote Saint Bernard {{which|date=August 2024}} {{citation needed|date=August 2024}} to the canons of Lyon, "that of Lyon has hitherto had ascendancy over all the others, as much for the dignity of its see as for its praiseworthy institutions. It is especially in the [[Liturgy of the Hours|Divine Office]] that this judicious Church has never readily acquiesced in unexpected and sudden novelties, and has never submitted to be tarnished by innovations which are becoming only to youth."<ref name=ce/> |
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In the 18th century Archbishop [[Antoine de Montazet]] (1758–1788 ), contrary to the Bull of [[Pius V]] on the [[breviary]], changed the text of the breviary and the [[missal]], from which there resulted a century of conflict for the Church of Lyon.<ref>Louis Morel de Voleine, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYfc1ZYmqNQC&pg=PA6 ''Recherches historiques sur la liturgie lyonnaise,''] {{in lang|fr}}, (Lyon: imprimerie d'Aimé Vingtrinier 1856), pp. 6-10. Joseph-Antoine Vincent, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jq0blq8bsCIC&pg=PA1 ''Liturgie lyonnaise: résumé analytique des débats,''] {{in lang|fr}} (Lyon: Vingtrinier, 1864), p. 7.</ref> The efforts of [[Pope Pius IX]] and [[Cardinal Bonald]] to suppress the innovations of Montazet provoked resistance on the part of the canons, who feared an attempt against the traditional Lyonnese ceremonies. This culminated in 1861 in a protest on the part of the clergy and the laity, as much with regard to the civil power as to the Vatican. Finally, on 4 February 1864, at a reception of the parish priests of Lyon, Pius IX declared his displeasure at this agitation and assured them that nothing should be changed in the ancient Lyonnese ceremonies; by a Brief of 17 March 1864, he ordered the progressive introduction of the Roman breviary and missal in the diocese. The primatial church of Lyon adopted them for public services on 8 December 1869. One of the rites of the ancient Gallican liturgy, retained by the Church of Lyon, is the blessing of the people by the bishop at the moment of Communion.<ref name=ce/> |
In the 18th century Archbishop [[Antoine de Montazet]] (1758–1788 ), contrary to the Bull of [[Pius V]] on the [[breviary]], changed the text of the breviary and the [[missal]], from which there resulted a century of conflict for the Church of Lyon.<ref>Louis Morel de Voleine, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYfc1ZYmqNQC&pg=PA6 ''Recherches historiques sur la liturgie lyonnaise,''] {{in lang|fr}}, (Lyon: imprimerie d'Aimé Vingtrinier 1856), pp. 6-10. Jean Adrien de Conny [https://books.google.com/books?id=FitWAAAAcAAJ&pg=22 ''Liturgie Lyonnaise''], {{in lang|fr}} (Lyon: Girard et Josserand, 1859), esp. pp. 22-32. Joseph-Antoine Vincent, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jq0blq8bsCIC&pg=PA1 ''Liturgie lyonnaise: résumé analytique des débats,''] {{in lang|fr}} (Lyon: Vingtrinier, 1864), p. 7.</ref> The efforts of [[Pope Pius IX]] and [[Cardinal Bonald]] to suppress the innovations of Montazet provoked resistance on the part of the canons, who feared an attempt against the traditional Lyonnese ceremonies. This culminated in 1861 in a protest on the part of the clergy and the laity, as much with regard to the civil power as to the Vatican. Finally, on 4 February 1864, at a reception of the parish priests of Lyon, Pius IX declared his displeasure at this agitation and assured them that nothing should be changed in the ancient Lyonnese ceremonies; by a Brief of 17 March 1864, he ordered the progressive introduction of the Roman breviary and missal in the diocese. The primatial church of Lyon adopted them for public services on 8 December 1869. One of the rites of the ancient Gallican liturgy, retained by the Church of Lyon, is the blessing of the people by the bishop at the moment of Communion.<ref name=ce/> |
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===1800s=== |
===1800s=== |
Revision as of 06:28, 11 August 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2016) |
Archdiocese of Lyon Archidiœcesis Lugdunensis Archidiocèse de Lyon | |
---|---|
Location | |
Country | France |
Territory | Rhône, Loire |
Ecclesiastical province | Lyon |
Coordinates | 45°45′39″N 4°49′37″E / 45.76083°N 4.82694°E |
Statistics | |
Area | 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi) |
Population - Total - Catholics | (as of 2021) 2,038,830 1,304,240 |
Parishes | 132 |
Information | |
Denomination | Catholic |
Sui iuris church | Latin Church |
Rite | Roman Rite |
Established | 2nd century |
Cathedral | Primatial Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Lyon |
Patron saint | St. Irenaeus of Lyon Saint Pothinus |
Secular priests | 260 (diocesan) 52 (Religious Orders) 90 Permanent Deacons |
Current leadership | |
Pope | Francis |
Metropolitan Archbishop | Olivier de Germay |
Auxiliary Bishops | Patrick Le Gal Loïc Lagadec Thierry Brac de La Perrière |
Bishops emeritus | Philippe Barbarin |
Map | |
Website | |
lyon.catholique.fr |
The Archdiocese of Lyon (Latin: Archidiœcesis Lugdunensis; French: Archidiocèse de Lyon), formerly the Archdiocese of Lyon–Vienne–Embrun, is a Latin Church metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. The archbishops of Lyon are also called primates of Gaul.[1] An archbishop is usually elevated by the pope to the rank of cardinal.
Bishop Olivier de Germay was appointed archbishop on 22 October 2020.
History
In the Notitia Galliarum of the 5th century, the Roman Provincia Gallia Lugdunensis Prima contained the cities of Metropolis civitas Lugdunensium (Lyon), Civitas Aeduorum (Autun), Civitas Lingonum (Langres), Castrum Cabilonense (Chaâlons-sur-Saône) and Castrum Matisconense (Mâcon).[2]
The confluence of the Rhône and the Saône, where sixty Gallic tribes had erected the altar to Rome and Augustus, was also the centre from which Christianity was propagated throughout Gaul.
Persecution
The presence at Lyon of numerous Asiatic Christians and their communications with the Orient were likely to arouse the susceptibilities of the Gallo-Romans. A persecution arose under Marcus Aurelius. Its victims at Lyon numbered forty-eight, half of them of Greek origin, half Gallo-Roman, among others Saint Blandina, and Saint Pothinus, first Bishop of Lyon, sent to Gaul by Saint Polycarp about the middle of the 2nd century. The legend according to which Pothinus was sent by Pope Clement I dates from the 12th century and is without foundation.
The "Deacon of Vienne", mentioned in the letter of the faithful of Vienne[3] and Lyon to the Christians of Asia and Phrygia, who was martyred at Lyon during the persecution of 177,[4] was probably a deacon installed at Vienne by the ecclesiastical authority of Lyon.[5] Tradition represents the church of Ainay as erected at the place of their martyrdom. The crypt of Saint Pothinus, under the choir of the church of St. Nizier, was destroyed in 1884. But there still exists at Lyon the purported prison cell of Pothinus, where Anne of Austria, Louis XIV, and Pius VII came to pray, and the crypt of Saint Irenaeus built at the end of the 5th century by Archbishop Patiens, which contains his remains.
Irenaeus sent out missionaries through the Gauls, as local legends of Besançon and of several other cities indicate. There are numerous funerary inscriptions of primitive Christianity in Lyon; the earliest dates from the year 334. Faustinus, bishop in the second half of the 3rd century, wrote to Cyprian of Carthage, who speaks of him in a letter to Pope Stephen I, in 254, regarding the Novatian tendencies of Marcian, Bishop of Arles.[6]
But when Diocletian's new provincial organization (the Tetrarchy) had taken away from Lyon its position as metropolis of the three Gauls, the prestige of Lyon diminished.[7]
Around the year 470, Lyon fell into the hands of the Burgundians, and around 479 the city of Langres as well.[8]
Merovingian period
From Saint Eucherius (c. 433–50), a monk of Lérins and the author of homilies, doubtless dates the foundation at Lyon of the "hermitages". Bishop Patiens (456-98) successfully combated famine and Arianism, and whom Sidonius Apollinaris praised in a poem;[9] Bishop Stephanus (d. before 515), with Bishop Avitus of Vienne convoked a council at Lyon for the conversion of the Arians. Bishop Viventolius (515-523) in 517 presided with Bishop Avitus at the Council of Epaone.
When Burgundian power collapsed under the repeated assaults of the Franks in 534, its territory was divided up, and the third son of Clovis, the Merovingian Childebert I, received Lyon.[10]
Lupus, a monk, afterwards bishop (535-42), was probably the first metropolitan archbishop; in 538, the Council of Orléans used the title of "metropolitanus".[11] Sacerdos (549-542) presided in 549 at the Council of Orléans, and obtained from King Childebert the foundation of the general hospital; Saint Nicetius (552-73) received from the pope the title of patriarch, and whose tomb was honoured by miracles. The prestige of Saint Nicetius was lasting; his successor Saint Priseus (573-588) bore the title of patriarch, and brought the council of 585 to decide that national synods should be convened every three years at the instance of the patriarch and of the king; Ætherius (588-603), who was a correspondent of Saint Gregory the Great and who perhaps consecrated Saint Augustine, the Apostle of England; Saint Annemundus or Chamond (c. 650), friend of Saint Wilfrid, godfather of Clotaire III, put to death by Ebroin together with his brother, and patron of the town of Saint-Chamond, Loire; Saint Genesius or Genes (660-679 or 680), Benedictine abbot of Fontenelle, grand almoner and minister of Queen Bathilde; Saint Lambertus (c. 680-690), also abbot of Fontenelle.[7]
At the end of the 5th century Lyon was the capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy, but after 534 it passed under the domination of the Frankish kings. Ravaged by the Saracens in 725, the city was restored through the liberality of Charlemagne who established a rich library in the monastery of Ile Barbe in the Saône, just north of Lugdunum. The letter of Leidrade to Charlemagne (807) shows the care taken by the emperor for the restoration of learning in Lyon. With the aid of the deacon Florus he made the school so prosperous that in the 10th century Englishmen went there to study.[7]
Carolingian period
Under Charlemagne and his immediate successors, the Bishops of Lyon, whose ascendancy was attested by the number of councils over which they were called to preside, played an important theological part. Adoptionism had no more active enemies than Leidrade (798-814) and Agobard (814-840). When Felix of Urgel continued rebellious to the condemnations pronounced against adoptionism from 791-799 by the Councils of Ciutad, Friuli, Ratisbon, Frankfort, and Rome, Charlemagne conceived the idea of sending to Urgel with Nebridius, Bishop of Narbonne, Benedict of Aniane, and Archbishop Leidrade, a native of Nuremberg and Charlemagne's librarian. They preached against Adoptionism in Spain, conducted Felix in 799 to the Council of Aachen where he seemed to submit to the arguments of Alcuin, and then brought him back to his diocese. But the submission of Felix was not complete; Agobard, "Chorepiscopus" of Lyon, convicted him anew of adoptionism in a secret conference, and when Felix died in 815 there was found among his papers a treatise in which he professed adoptionism. Then Agobard, who had become Archbishop of Lyon in 814 after Leidrade's retirement to the Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons, composed a long treatise against that heresy.[7]
Agobard and Remy
Archbishop Agobard of Lyon displayed great activity as a pastor and a publicist in his opposition to the Jews and to various superstitions. His rooted hatred for all superstition led him in his treatise on images into certain expressions which savoured of Iconoclasm. The five historical treatises which he wrote in 833 to justify the deposition of Louis the Pious, who had been his benefactor, are a stain on his life. Louis the Pious, having been restored to power, caused Agobard to be deposed in 835 by the Council of Thionville, but three years later gave him back his see, in which he died in 840. During the exile of Agobard the See of Lyon had been for a short time administered by Amalarius of Metz, whom the deacon Florus charged with heretical opinions regarding the "triforme corpus Christi", and who took part in the controversies with Gottschalk on the subject of predestination.[7]
Amolon (841-852)[12] and Remy (852-75) continued the struggle against the heresy of predestination. At the Council of Valence in January 855,[13] presided over by Archbishop Remy, this heresy was condemned.[14] Remy also was engaged in strife with Hincmar.
Political realignments
From 879-1032 Lyon formed part of the Kingdom of Provence and afterwards of the second Kingdom of Burgundy.[7] In 1032 Rudolph III of Burgundy died, and the Burgundian kingdom eventually went to Conrad II.[15] The portion of Lyon situated on the left (eastern) bank of the Saône became, at least nominally, an imperial city. Finally Archbishop Burchard II, brother of Rudolph,[16][7] claimed rights of sovereignty over Lyon as inherited from his mother, Matilda, daughter of Louis IV of France; in this way the government of Lyon, instead of being exercised by the distant emperor, became a matter of dispute between the counts who claimed the inheritance and the successive archbishops.[7]
In 1025, the second Archbishop Burchard held a council at Anse, on the Saône some 28 km north of Lyon, attended by the archbishops of Vienne and Tarentaise, and nine bishops (Autunm Mâcon, Chalon-sur-Saône, Auxerre, Valence, Grenoble Uzès, Aosta, and Maurienne). At the council the bishop of Mâcon complained that Archbishop Burchard of Vienne had ordained priests from the abbey of Cluny, which was in his diocese and under his jurisdiction. Abbot Odilon testified for the archbishop of Vienne, but the council ruled that his actions were uncanonical and the archbishop of Vienne was made to apologize and make reparation.[17] In the next year, however, the monks of Cluny obtained a privilege from Pope John XIX, which allowed their action.[18]
Lyon attracted the attention of Cardinal Hildebrand, who held a council there in 1055 against the simoniacal bishops. In 1076, as Gregory VII, he deposed Archbishop Humbert (1063–76) for simony.[7]
Primacy of Lyon confirmed
Archbishop Gebuin (Jubinus), who succeeded Humbert, was the confidant of Gregory VII and contributed to the reform of the Church. The papal legate, Hugues de Die, presided at the two councils of Lyon in 1080 and 1082, at which Manasses of Reims, Fulk of Anjou, and the monks of Marmoutiers were excommunicated. Archbishop Achard of Arles was deposed.[19][7]
It was during the episcopate of Gebuin, and at his request, that Pope Gregory VII, in the Bull "Antiquorum Sanctorum Patrum" of 20 April 1079,[20] confirmed.[21] The primacy of the Church of Lyon over the Provinces of Rouen, Tours, and Sens,[22] The dignity was confirmed by Callistus II, despite the letter written to him in 1126 by Louis VI in favour of the church of Sens. As far as it regarded the Province of Rouen this letter was later suppressed by a decree of the king's council in 1702, at the request of Jacques-Nicolas Colbert, Archbishop of Rouen.[23]
Metropolitan
The archbishop of Lyon is the metropolitan of the ecclesiastical province which includes:
Primate
As Primate of the Gauls, the archbishop of Lyon has precedence over:
- Ecclesiastical Province of Rouen
- Eccleasiastical Province of Tours
- Sens[7] (former province)[25]
Hugh of Die (1081–1106),[26] the successor of Saint Gebuin, friend of Saint Anselm, and for a while legate of Gregory VII in France and Burgundy, had differences later on with Victor III, who excommunicated him for a time. Pope Paschal II came to Lyon, and on 29 January 1107 (1106, Roman Style), consecrated the church of Ainay Abbey,[27] and dedicated one of its altars in honour of the Immaculate Conception. The Feast of the Immaculate Conception was solemnized at Lyon about 1128, perhaps at the instance of Saint Anselm of Canterbury, and Saint Bernard wrote to the canons of Lyon to complain that they should not have instituted a feast without consulting the pope.[7]
Sovereignty
Lyon of the 12th century had a glorious place in the history of Catholic liturgy and even of dogma,[specify] but the 12th century was also marked by the heresy of Peter Waldo and the Waldenses, the Poor Men of Lyon, who were opposed by John of Canterbury (1181–1193), and by an important change in the political situation of the archbishops.[7]
In 1157 Emperor Frederick Barbarossa confirmed the sovereignty of the Archbishops of Lyon; thenceforth there was a lively contest between them and the counts. An arbitration effected by the pope in 1167 had no result, but by the treaty of 1173, Guy, Count of Forez, ceded to the canons of the primatial church of St. John his title of count of Lyon and his temporal authority.[7]
Then came the growth of the Commune, more belated in Lyon than in many other cities, but in 1193 the archbishop had to make some concession to the citizens. The 13th century was a period of conflict. Three times, in 1207, 1269, and 1290, grave troubles broke out between the partisans of the archbishop who dwelt in the château of Pierre Seize, those of the count-canons who lived in a separate quarter near the cathedral, and partisans of the townsfolk. Gregory X attempted without success to restore peace by two Acts, 2 April 1273 and 11 November 1274. The kings of France were always inclined to side with the commune; after the siege of Lyon by Louis X (1310), the treaty of 10 April 1312 definitively attached Lyon to the Kingdom of France, but until the beginning of the 15th century the Church of Lyon was allowed to coin its own money.[7]
If the 13th century had imperiled the political sovereignty of the archbishops, it had on the other hand made Lyon a kind of second Rome. Gregory X was a former canon of Lyon, while the future Innocent V was Archbishop of Lyon from 1272 to 1273. Innocent IV and Gregory X sought refuge at Lyon from the Hohenstaufen, and held there two general councils of Lyon. Local tradition relates that it was on seeing the red hat of the canons of Lyon that the courtiers of Innocent IV conceived the idea of obtaining from the Council of Lyon its decree that the cardinals should henceforth wear red hats. The sojourn of Innocent IV at Lyon was marked by numerous works of public utility, to which the pope gave vigorous encouragement. He granted indulgences to the faithful who should assist in the construction of the bridge over the Rhône, replacing that destroyed about 1190 by the passage of the troops of Richard Cœur de Lion on their way to the Crusade. The building of the churches of St. John and St. Justus was pushed forward with activity; he sent delegates even to England to solicit alms for this purpose and he consecrated the high altar in both churches.[7]
At Lyon were crowned Clement V (1305) and Pope John XXII (1310); at Lyon in 1449 the antipope Felix V renounced the tiara; there, too, was held in 1512, without any definite conclusion, the last session of the schismatical Council of Pisa against Julius II. In 1560 the Calvinists took Lyon by surprise, but they were driven out by Antoine d'Albon, Abbot of Savigny and later Archbishop of Lyon. Again masters of Lyon in 1562, they were driven thence by the Maréchal de Vieuville. At the command of the famous Baron des Adrets they committed numerous acts of violence in the region of Montbrison. It was at Lyon that Henry IV of France, the converted Calvinist king, married Marie de' Medici (9 December 1600).[7]
Counter-reformation
Gerson, whose old age was spent at Lyon in the abbey of St. Paul, where he instructed poor children, died there in 1429. Saint Francis de Sales died at Lyon on 28 December 1622. The Curé Colombet de St. Amour was celebrated at St. Etienne in the 17th century for the generosity with which he founded the Hôtel-Dieu (the charity hospital) and free schools, and also fed the workmen during the famine of 1693.[7]
M. Guigue has catalogued the eleven "hermitages" (eight of them for men and three for women) which were distinctive of the ascetical life of Christian Lyon in the Middle Ages; these were cells in which persons shut themselves up for life after four years of trial. The system of hermitages along the lines described by Grimalaius and Olbredus in the 9th century flourished especially from the 11th to the 13th century, and disappeared completely in the 16th. These hermitages were the private property of a neighbouring church or monastery, which installed therein for life a male or female recluse. The general almshouse of Lyon, or charity hospital, was founded in 1532 after the great famine of 1531; it was under the supervision of eight administrators chosen from among the more important citizens.[7]
On 12 April 1549, Pope Paul III secularized the monastery of l'Ile Barbe, converting it into a collegiate church, with a Chapter headed by a Dean, who assumed the title of abbot, a Provost (the former Prior), and an Archdeacon (the former Cellerier).[28]
The institution of the jubilee of Saint Nizier dates beyond a doubt to the stay of Innocent IV at Lyon. This jubilee, which had all the privileges of the secular jubilees of Rome, was celebrated each time that Low Thursday, the feast of Saint Nizier, coincided with 2 April, i.e. whenever the feast of Easter itself was on the earliest day allowed by the paschal cycle, namely 22 March. In 1818, when this coincidence occurred, the feast of Saint Nizier was not celebrated. But the cathedral of St. John also enjoys a great jubilee each time that the feast of Saint John the Baptist coincides with Corpus Christi, that is, whenever the feast of Corpus Christi falls on 24 June. It is certain that in 1451 the coincidence of these two feasts was celebrated with special splendour by the population of Lyon, then emerging from the troubles of the Hundred Years' War, but there is no document to prove that the jubilee indulgence existed at that date. However, Lyonnese tradition places the first great jubilee in 1451; subsequent jubilees took place in 1546, 1666, 1734 and 1886.[7]
Controversy over liturgy and liturgical books
"Among the Churches of France", wrote Saint Bernard [which?] [citation needed] to the canons of Lyon, "that of Lyon has hitherto had ascendancy over all the others, as much for the dignity of its see as for its praiseworthy institutions. It is especially in the Divine Office that this judicious Church has never readily acquiesced in unexpected and sudden novelties, and has never submitted to be tarnished by innovations which are becoming only to youth."[7]
In the 18th century Archbishop Antoine de Montazet (1758–1788 ), contrary to the Bull of Pius V on the breviary, changed the text of the breviary and the missal, from which there resulted a century of conflict for the Church of Lyon.[29] The efforts of Pope Pius IX and Cardinal Bonald to suppress the innovations of Montazet provoked resistance on the part of the canons, who feared an attempt against the traditional Lyonnese ceremonies. This culminated in 1861 in a protest on the part of the clergy and the laity, as much with regard to the civil power as to the Vatican. Finally, on 4 February 1864, at a reception of the parish priests of Lyon, Pius IX declared his displeasure at this agitation and assured them that nothing should be changed in the ancient Lyonnese ceremonies; by a Brief of 17 March 1864, he ordered the progressive introduction of the Roman breviary and missal in the diocese. The primatial church of Lyon adopted them for public services on 8 December 1869. One of the rites of the ancient Gallican liturgy, retained by the Church of Lyon, is the blessing of the people by the bishop at the moment of Communion.[7]
1800s
The Concordat of 1801 assigned as the boundaries of the Archdiocese of Lyon the Departments of the Rhône and Loire and the Ain and as suffragans the Dioceses of Mende, Grenoble, and Chambéry. The Archdiocese of Lyon was authorized by Letters Apostolic of 29 November 1801, to unite with his title the titles of the suppressed metropolitan Sees of Vienne and Embrun.[7] Thus the dioceses of Belley and Mâcon, were suppressed on November 29, 1801 with all of Belley's and some of Mâcon's territory added to the Archdiocese. The Diocese of Belley was restored on October 6, 1822, while the Archdiocese's name changed to Lyon-Vienne,[24] with the title of Embrun passing to the Archbishop of Aix (from whence, 2008, to the Bishop of Gap).
1900s
A new diocese of Saint-Étienne was erected on December 26, 1970, on territory on the left (west) bank of the Rhone, taken from the Archdiocese's territory.[30] The name of the archdiocese's was simplified to "Lyon" on December 15, 2006.[24] (with the title of Vienne being assigned instead to Lyon's suffragan, the diocese of Grenoble).
Saints
The Diocese of Lyon honours as a saints Saint Epipodius and his companion Saint Alexander, probably martyrs under Marcus Aurelius; the priest Peregrine of Auxerre (3rd century) is also honoured.
At the end of the empire and during the Merovingian period several saints, as follows, are counted among the Bishops of Lyon. Saint Justus (374-381) who died in a monastery in the Thebaid (Egypt) and was renowned for the orthodoxy of his doctrine in the struggle against Arianism (the church of the Maccabees, whither his body was brought, was as early as the 5th century a place of pilgrimage under the name of the collegiate church of Saint Justus). Saint Alpinus and Saint Martin (disciple of Saint Martin of Tours; end of 4th century); Saint Antiochus (400–410); Saint Elpidius (410–422); Saint Sicarius (422–33);
Saint Baldonor (Galmier), a native of Aveizieux, at first a locksmith, whose piety was remarked by the bishop, Saint Viventiolus: he became a cleric at the Abbey of St. Justus, then subdeacon, and died about 760; the thermal resort of "Aquæ Segestæ", in whose church Viventiolus met him, has taken the name of Saint Galmier; Saint Viator (d. about 390), who followed the Bishop Saint Justus to the Thebaid; Saints Romanus and Lupicinus (5th century), natives of the Diocese of Lyon, who lived as solitaries within the present territory of the Diocese of Saint-Claude; Saint Consortia, d. about 578, who, according to a legend criticized by Tillemont, was a daughter of Saint Eucherius; Saint Rambert, soldier and martyr in the 7th century, patron of the town of the same name.
As soon as Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, had been proclaimed Blessed (1173), his cult was instituted at Lyon.[7]
Blessed Jean Pierre Néel, born in 1832 at Ste. Catherine sur Riviere, was martyred at Kay-Tcheou in 1862.[31]
Bishops and Archbishops of Lyon
Bishops of Lyon
- Pothinus (attested 177)[32]
- Irenaeus[33]
- Zacharias (195 – after 202)[34]
- Helios of Lyon
- Faustinus (3rd quarter of the 3rd century)[35]
- Lucius Verus
- Julius
- Ptolémaeus
- Vocius (attested 314)[36]
- Maximus (Maxime)
- Tétradius (Tetrade)
- Verissimus fl. 343
- Justus of Lyon (374–381)[37]
- Alpinus of Lyon fl.254
- Martin (disciple of St. Martin of Tours; end of 4th century)
- Antiochus of Lyon (400–410)
- Elpidius of Lyon (410–422)
- Sicarius (422–433)
- Eucherius of Lyon (c. 433–450)[38]
- Patiens of Lyon (456–498)[39]
- Lupicinus of Lyon (491–494)
- Rusticus (494–501)
- Stephanus (501 – Before 515)[40]
- Viventiolus (515–523)[41]
Archbishops of Lyon
- Lupus (535–542)[42]
- Licontius (Léonce)
- Sardot or Sacerdos (549–552)
- Nicetius or Nizier (552–73)[43]
- Priscus of Lyon (573–588)[44]
- Ætherius (588–603)[45]
- Aredius (603–615)
- Viventius of Lyon
- Annemund or Chamond (c. 650)[46]
- Genesius or Genes (660–679 or 680)[47]
- Lambertus (c. 680–690)[48]
- Leidrad (798–814)
- Agobard, Chorbishop ( –814)
- Agobard (814–834, 837–840)
- Amalarius of Metz (834–837) administrator[7]
- Amulo, (840-852)
- Remigius (852–875)
- St. Aurelian (d. 895)
- Burchard II of Lyon (?–?)[49]
- Burchard III of Lyon (?–1036)[50]
- Halinard (1046–1052)[51]
- Geoffroy de Vergy (1054–1064)[52]
- Humbert (1064–1076)[53]
Archbishops of Lyon and Primates of the Gauls
- 1077–1082 Gebuin[54][7]
- 1081–1106 Hugh of Die[55]
- 1107–1118 Jauceran (Gaucheran)[56]
- 1118–1128 Humbaud[57]
- 1128–1129 Renaud of Semur[58]
- 1131–1139 Peter[59]
- 1139–1142 Faucon de Bothéon[60]
- 1142–1148 Amadeus (Amé)[61]
- 1148–1153 Humbertus de Bagé[62]
- 1153–1163 Hercules de Montboissier[63]
- 1163–1164 Dreux (Drogon)[64]
- 1164–1180 Guichard of Pontigny[65]
- 1182–1193 Jean de Belles-mains (Bellème, Belmeis)[66]
- 1193–1226 Renaud de Forez[67]
- 1227–1234 Robert of Auvergne[68]
- 1236 Radulfus de Pinis[69]
- 1237–1245 Aimeric Guerry[70]
- 1246–1267 Philippe de Savoy Administrator[71]
- 1267-1272 Gui de Mello[72]
- 1272–1273 Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P.[73]
- 1273–1283 Ademar de Roussillon, O.S.B.[74]
- 1289 Bérard de Got[75]
- 1290–1295 Louis of Naples
- 1295–1301 Henri de Villars[76]
- 1301–1308 Louis de Villars[77]
- 1308–1332 Peter of Savoy
- 1332–1340 Guillaume de Sure[78]
- 1340–1342 Guy III d'Auvergne[79]
- 1342–1354 Henri II de Villars
- 1356–1358 Raymond Saquet
- 1358–1365 Guillaume II de Thurey
- 1365–1375 Charles d'Alençon
- 1375–1389 Jean II de Talaru
- 1389–1415 Philippe III de Thurey
- 1415–1444 Amédée II de Talaru
- 1444–1446 Geoffroy II de Versailles
- 1447–1488 Charles II of Bourbon
- 1488–1499 Hugues II de Talaru
- 1499–1500 André d'Espinay (cardinal)
- 1501–1536 François II de Rohan
- 1537–1539 John, Cardinal of Lorraine[80]
- 1539–1551 Ippolito II d'Este Administrator[81]
- 1551–1562 Cardinal François de Tournon[82]
- 1562–1564 Ippolito II d'Este Administrator[83]
- 1564–1573 Antoine d'Albon[84]
- 1573–1599 Pierre d'Epinac[85]
- 1612–1626 Denis-Simon de Marquemont[86]
- 1626–1628 Charles Miron[87]
- 1628–1653 Alphonse-Louis du Plessis de Richelieu[88]
- 1653–1693 Camille de Neufville de Villeroy[89]
- 1714–1731 François-Paul de Neufville de Villeroy[90]
- 1732–1739 Charles-François de Châteauneuf de Rochebonne
- 1740–1758 Pierre Guérin de Tencin[91]
- 1758–1788 Antoine de Malvin de Montazet[92]
- 1788–1799 Yves-Alexandre de Marbeuf[93]
Constitutional bishops
- 1791–1794 Antoine-Adrien Lamourette (1791–1794) constitutional bishop[94]
- 1798-1801 Claude-François-Marie Primat[95]
Primates of Gauls and Archbishop of Lyon-Vienne
- (Cardinal) Joseph Fesch (29 July 1802 – 13 May 1839) Archbishop of Lyon-Vienne-Embrun (until 1822)
- (Cardinal) Joachim-Jean d'Isoard (13 June 1839 – 7 October 1839)
- (Cardinal) Louis-Jacques-Maurice de Bonald (4 December 1839 – 25 February 1870)
- Jacques-Marie Ginoulhiac (2 March 1870 – 17 November 1875), known for his "Histoire du dogme catholique pendant let trois premiers siècles".
- (Cardinal) Louis-Marie Caverot (20 April 1876 – 23 January 1887)
- (Cardinal) Joseph-Alfred Foulon (23 March 1887 – 23 January 1893)
- (Cardinal) Pierre-Hector Coullie (14 June 1893 – 11 September 1912)
- (Cardinal) Hector Sévin (2 December 1912 – 4 May 1916)
- (Cardinal) Louis-Joseph Maurin (1 December 1916 – 16 November 1936)
- (Cardinal) Pierre-Marie Gerlier (30 July 1937 – 17 January 1965)
- (Cardinal) Jean-Marie Villot (17 January 1965 – 7 April 1967)
- (Cardinal) Alexandre Renard (28 May 1967 – 29 October 1981)
- (Cardinal) Albert Decourtray (29 October 1981 – 16 September 1994)
- (Cardinal) Jean Marie Balland (27 May 1995 – 1 March 1998)
- (Cardinal) Louis-Marie Billé (10 July 1998 – 12 March 2002)
- (Cardinal) Philippe Barbarin (16 July 2002 – 6 March 2020)[96]
- Olivier de Germay (20 December 2020 – present)
See also
References
- ^ Boudinhon, Auguste (1911). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company. . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
- ^ Otto Seeck (ed,), Notitia Dignitatum. Accedunt notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi provinciarum, (in Latin), (Berlin: Weidmann 1876), p. 263.
- ^ The letter is considered by Ernest Renan as the baptismal certificate of Christianity in France.
- ^ T.D. Barnes, "Eusebius and the Date of the Martyrdoms," in: Les Martyrs de Lyon (177). Actes du colloque international Lyon, 20–23 septembre 1977, (Paris: CNRF 1978), pp. 137-144.
- ^ Duchesne, pp. 40-41.
- ^ Robert E. Wallis, The Writings of Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, (T. & T. Clark, 1868), p. 231, Epistle 66 (Oxford edition Epistle 68).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Goyau, Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges (1910). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company. . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
- ^ Duchesne II (1900), p. 156.
- ^ In the time of Bishop Patiens and the priest Constans (d. 488) the school of Lyon was well-known; Sidonius Apollinaris was educated there.
- ^ Duchesne II (1900), p. 156.
- ^ Canon I: "Primum, ut unusquisque metropolitanus in prouincia sua cum conprouincialibus suis singulis annis synodale debeat oportuno tempore habere concilium: C. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae, A. 511 — A. 695 (in Latin), (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 114.
- ^ Charles Joseph Hefele, tr. Delarc, Histoire des Conciles: d'aprés les documents originaux, (in French), Volume 5 (Paris: Le Clere, 1870), pp. 372-376.
- ^ Hefele V, pp. 399-403.
- ^ Georges Goyau, "Lyons, archdiocese," in: The Catholic Encyclopedia: Laprade-Mass, Volume IX (New York: Appleton, 1910), pp. 472-476, at p. 473, column 1. (The transcription at WP is defective).
- ^ Previté-Orton 1912, pp. 33–36.
- ^ Previté-Orton 1912, p. 10.
- ^ Piolin, Gallia christiana IV, p. 79. Fisquet, p. 163.
- ^ Fisquet, p. 164.
- ^ Carl Joseph Hefele; tr. Delarc, Histoire des Conciles, (in French), Volume 6 (Paris: Le Clere et Cie, 1871), p. 609.
- ^ Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum Romanorum pontificum Taurinensis editio, (in Latin), (Turin: Franco, Fory & Dalmazzo, 1858), pp. 104-105. French translation of entire document in Fisquet, pp. 184-186.
- ^ "Quapropter, quia, dileclissime in Chrislo frater Gebuine, postulasti a nobis, quatenus dignitatem ab antecessoribns nostris concessam Ecclesiae, cui Deo auctore praeesse dignosceris, conrirmaremus, et quaeque sua ab infestatione hostili Apostolicae Sedis defensione tueremur."
- ^ Correspondence of Gebuin and others on the subject: Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France Vol. 14, pp. 667-674.
- ^ Fisquet, p. 192.
- ^ a b c "Archdiocese of Lyon". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
- ^ "Archdiocese of Sens". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
- ^ Jules Chevalier, Recherches historiques sur Hugues, évêque de Die, légat du pape saint Grégoire VII, Bourron, 1880. G. Bollenot, Un légat pontifical au XIème siècle, Hugues, évêque de Die (1073-1082), primat des Gaules (l082-1106), (in French) Université de Lyon, Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques, Lyon, [1974?]. Thesis. C. Petit-Dutaillis, The Feudal Monarchy in France and England, London: Routledge, 1936 [reprint 2013], p. 91.
- ^ Philippus Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum, (in Latin), second edition (Leipzig: Veit 1885), p. 728.
- ^ Fisquet, p. 389.
- ^ Louis Morel de Voleine, Recherches historiques sur la liturgie lyonnaise, (in French), (Lyon: imprimerie d'Aimé Vingtrinier 1856), pp. 6-10. Jean Adrien de Conny Liturgie Lyonnaise, (in French) (Lyon: Girard et Josserand, 1859), esp. pp. 22-32. Joseph-Antoine Vincent, Liturgie lyonnaise: résumé analytique des débats, (in French) (Lyon: Vingtrinier, 1864), p. 7.
- ^ Pope Paul VI, "Signa Temporum," 26 December 1970, in: Acta Apostolicae Sedis Vol. 63 (1971), pp. 724-726.
- ^ Konstantin Kempf, The Holiness of the Church in the Nineteenth Century: Saintly Men and Women of Our Own Times (New York: Benzinger brothers, 1916), p. 321.
- ^ Pothinus died in prison, and is listed as a martyr in the episcopal lists of Lyon. He shares the same day as the martyrs of Lyon. Piolin, Gallia christiana IV, pp. 4-5. Duchesne II (1900), pp. 160-161.
- ^ Irenaeus is discussed by Eusebius, History of the Church Book i, chapter 5. He is first called a martyr by Gregory of Tours. Piolin, Gallia christiana IV, 5-12.
- ^ Zacharias was a priest of Irenaeus of Lyon, and buried his leader. Piolin, Gallia christiana IV, 12-13.
- ^ Faustinus wrote a letter on behalf of the other bishops of Gaul to Pope Stephen I (254–257). Duchesne, p. 44.
- ^ Bishop Vosius attended the Council of Arles, on 1 August 314. C. Munier, Concilia Galliae, A. 314 — A. 506, (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 15: "Vosius episcopus, Petulinus exurcista de ciuitate Lugdunensium."
- ^ The Iustus who attended the Council of Valence on 12 July 374 may have been archbishop of Lyon. Bishop Justus attended the council of Aquileia in 381, and then retired to Egypt to become a hermit. Duchesne, p. 365.
- ^ Bishop Eucherius attended the Council of Orange on 8 November 441. Duchesne, p. 367: "Ex provincia Lugdunensi prima civit Lugdunins Eucherius episcopus, Aper presbyter, Veranus diaconus."
- ^ Archbishop Patiens successfully combated a famine and Arianism. He attended a council in 474 or 475, and obtained a retraction of heresy of the priest Lucidus. Duchesne, p. 370. C. Munier, Concilia Galliae, A. 314 — A. 506, (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 159. Sidonius Apollinaris praised him in a poem.
- ^ With Avitus of Vienne, Stephanus convoked a council at Lyon for the conversion of the Arians.
- ^ Archbishop Viventiolus presided with Archbishop Avitus of Vienne at the Council of Epaone in 517. C. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae, A. 511 — A. 695, (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 35: "Viuentiolus episcopus ecclesiae Lugduninsis cum prouincialibus meis constitutiones nostras relegi et subscripsi."
- ^ Lupus had been a monk. He was probably the first archbishop; in 538 the Council of Orléans spoke in its first canon about the title of "metropolitanus". Lupus died on 22 September 542. Fisquet, p. 73.
- ^ Nicetius was the nephew of Archbishop Sacerdos. He died on 2 April 573. Fisquet, pp. 76-80.
- ^ Archbishop Priscus presided at the Council of Mâcon, in 581 or 583. De Clercq, p. 229: "Priscus Lugdunensis aeclesiae episcopus nostram suscripsi."
- ^ Aetherius was a correspondent of St. Gregory the Great and who perhaps consecrated St. Augustine, the Apostle of England
- ^ Chamond was a friend of St. Wilfrid, godfather of Clotaire III, put to death by Ebroin together with his brother. Chamond was patron of the town of Saint-Chamond, Loire.
- ^ , Benedictine Abbot of Fontenelle, grand almoner and minister of Queen Bathilde
- ^ , also Abbot of Fontenelle
- ^ Previté-Orton 1912, pp. 10–11.
- ^ Previté-Orton 1912, p. 37.
- ^ HALINARD, Erzbischof von Lyon
- ^ Fisquet, pp. 176-177.
- ^ Fisquet, pp. 177-179. Jean Beyssac, Notes pour servir à l'histoire de l'Eglise de Lyon: Humbert, prévot et archevêque (1032-1077), (in French), Vitte, 1912.
- ^ Gebuin was the son of Hugues III, Comte de Dijon. In September 1077, the papal legate, Bishop Hugues of Die, held a council at Autun, at which the clergy and people of Lyon demanded the appointment of an archbishop, naming Gebuin as their choice. He was consecrated on 17 September 1077. Archbishop Gebuin died on 17 April 1082. Fisquet, pp. 179-192.
- ^ Hugues de Die: Fisquet, pp. 193-213.
- ^ Jauceran: Fisquet, pp. 213-218.
- ^ Humbaud: Fisquet, pp. 218-220.
- ^ Renaud: Fisquet, pp. 220-224.
- ^ Pierre: Fisquet, pp. 224-227.
- ^ Faucon (Foulque): Fisquet, pp. 227-231.
- ^ Amadeus: Fisquet, pp. 231-232.
- ^ Humbert: Fisquet, pp. 232-235.
- ^ Montboissier: Fisquet, pp. 235-241.
- ^ Dreux: Fisquet, pp. 235-241.
- ^ Guichard: Fisquet, pp. 243-253.
- ^ Jean: Fisquet, pp. 253-262.
- ^ Renaud: Fisquet, pp. 262-269. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316.
- ^ Robert had previously been Bishop of Clermont. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316.
- ^ Radulfus was approved by Pope Gregory IX on 15 January 1236, but died on 5 March 1236. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316, with note 3.
- ^ Aimeric resigned. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316.
- ^ Philippe had been bishop-elect of Valence. He resigned, still bishop-elect in 1267. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316, with note 4.
- ^ Guy had previously been Bishop of Auxerre. Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316, with notes 5 and 6.
- ^ Pierre was promoted to be a cardinal and Suburbicarian bishop of Ostia. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316, with note 7.
- ^ Ademar: Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316, with note 8.
- ^ Beraldus de Gouth had been archdeacon of Montalden. He was promoted to be a cardinal and Suburbicarian bishop of Albano. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316, with note 10, 11.
- ^ Henri de Villars had been chamberlain of the Church of Lyon. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316, with note 12.
- ^ Louis de Villars had been archdeacon of Lyon: Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316, with note 13.
- ^ Guillaume had been archdeacon of Lyon, and was in diaconal orders. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 316.
- ^ , Cardinal de Boulogne, papal diplomat
- ^ Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 230, with note 3.
- ^ Ippolito was the son of Alfonso I, Duke of Ferrara, and Lucretia Borgia. King Francis I of France named Cardinal protector of the crown of France at the court of Pope Paul III. Ippolito was a personal friend and companion of Henri II, and lived at the French court for many years. He was a patron of scholars. He was never consecrated a bishop, and only became a priest in 1584. Fisquet, pp. 386-391. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 230, with notes 4 and 5..
- ^ , who negotiated several times between Francis I and Emperor Charles V, combated the Reformation and founded the Collège de Tournon, which the Jesuits later made one of the most celebrated educational establishments of the kingdom. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 230, with note 6.
- ^ D'Este's second appointment to Lyon was purely nominal. Lyon was in the hands of the Protestants, and the locals disliked Ippolito as a foreigner. He quickly arranged through the French court, therefore, an exchange of dioceses with Archbishop Antoine d'Albon of Arles. D'Este died in Rome on 5 December 1572. Fisquet, pp. 390-391.
- ^ Antoine d'Albon was an early editor of Rufinus and Ausonius. Fisquet, pp. 408-411. Joseph Hyacinthe Albanès, Gallia christiana novissima, (in Latin), Volume 3: Arles (Valence: Valentinoise, 1901), p. 915.
- ^ D'Epinac was an active leader of the League against Henry of Navarre (Henry IV). Fisquet, pp. 412-433.
- ^ Marquemont: Piolin, Gallia christiana IV, pp. 191-192. Fisquet, pp. 437-443.
- ^ Miron: Fisquet, pp. 443-457.
- ^ (Sep 1628 – 23 Mar 1653)Du Plessis was the elder brother of Cardinal Armand de Richelieu. Fisquet, pp. 457-463.
- ^ Neufville: Antoine Péricaud, Notice sur Camille de Neuville, archevêque de Lyon sous Louis XIV, (in French) Lyon: imprimerie de J. M. Barret, 1829. Piolin, Gallia christiana IV, pp. 195-196.
- ^ (15 Aug 1714 – 6 Feb 1731)François-Paul de Neufville: Piolin, Gallia christiana IV, p. 197.
- ^ (11 Nov 1740 – 2 Mar 1758)
- ^ (16 Mar 1758 – 2 May 1788)Montazet, a person of Jansenist tendencies, and who had published for his seminary six volumes of "Institutiones theologicæ" by the Oratorian Joseph Valla, known as "Théologie de Lyon"; the work was spread throughout Italy by Scipio Ricci until it was condemned by the Index in 1792. Montazet died in Paris at the abbey of S. Victor on 2 May 1788, at the age of 66. Fisquet, pp. 507-529.
- ^ Marbeuf was nominated bishop of Autun by King Louis XV on 19 April 1767, and confirmed by Pope Clement XIII on 15 June 1767. He was nominated archbishop of Lyon by King Louis XVI on 12 May 1788, and confirmed by Pope Pius VI on 15 September 1788. Archbishop de Marbeuf died on 15 April 1799. Fisquet, pp. 529-535..
- ^ A bishop of Lyon of the schismatic French Constitutional Church, from 27 March 1791 to 11 January 1794, the date of his death on the scaffold. Pisani, pp. 277-284.
- ^ Primat was elected bishop on 15 April 1798 by the constitutional electors of the department of Rhône. On 19 February 1800, Primat took possession of the episcopal throne of the department of Rhône. Pierre-Marie Gonon, Bibliographie historique de la ville de Lyon, pendant la Révolution française, (in French), (Lyon: Marle, 1844), p. 480, no. 2585. On 9 October 1800, he announced his intention to hold a diocesan synod. Gonon, p. 486, no. 2616. Pisani, p. 281.
- ^ Winfield, Nicole (6 March 2020). "Pope lets French cardinal embroiled in abuse cover-up resign". Crux. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
Bibliography
Reference works
- Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo. Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. (Use with caution; obsolete)
- Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 1 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. (in Latin)
- Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 2 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. (in Latin)
- Eubel, Conradus; Gulik, Guilelmus (1923). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 3 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
- Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica IV (1592-1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
- Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi V (1667-1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
- Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi VI (1730-1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
- Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1968). Hierarchia Catholica medii et recentioris aevi sive summorum pontificum, S. R. E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series... A pontificatu Pii PP. VII (1800) usque ad pontificatum Gregorii PP. XVI (1846) (in Latin). Vol. VII. Monasterii: Libr. Regensburgiana.
- Remigius Ritzler; Pirminus Sefrin (1978). Hierarchia catholica Medii et recentioris aevi... A Pontificatu PII PP. IX (1846) usque ad Pontificatum Leonis PP. XIII (1903) (in Latin). Vol. VIII. Il Messaggero di S. Antonio.
- Pięta, Zenon (2002). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi... A pontificatu Pii PP. X (1903) usque ad pontificatum Benedictii PP. XV (1922) (in Latin). Vol. IX. Padua: Messagero di San Antonio. ISBN 978-88-250-1000-8.
- Société bibliographique (France) (1907). L'épiscopat français depuis le Concordat jusqu'à la Séparation (1802-1905). Paris: Librairie des Saints-Pères. pp. 346–350.
Studies
- Berthod, Bernard; Boucher, Jacqueline; Galland, Bruno; Ladous, Regis (contributors) (2012). Archevêques de Lyon. (in French). Lyon: Éditions lyonnaises d'art et d'histoire, 2012.
- Cattin, François (1867). Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire ecclésiastique des diocèses de Lyon et de Belley depuis la constitution civile du clergé jusqu'au concordat. (in French). Lyon: P. N. Josserand, 1867.
- Duchesne, Louis (1907). Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule Vol. 1: Provinces du Sud-Est. (in French). 2nd edition. Paris: Albert Fontemoing 1907.
- Duchesne, Louis (1900). Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule, Volume 2: L'Aquitaine et les Lyonnaises. (in French). Paris: Fontemoing 1900.
- Fisquet, Honore (1864). La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana): Metropole de Lyon et Vienne: Lyon (in French). Paris: Etienne Repos.
- Gingins La Sarraz, Frédéric de (1852). Les trois Burchard: archevêques de Lyon au Xe et XIe siècles. (in French). Lyon: Aimé Vingtrinier, 1852.
- Guigue, Georges (1919). Les Bulles d'or de Frédéric Barberousse pour les archevêques de Lyon, 1152-1184. (in French and Latin). Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1919.
- Lyonnet, Jean Baptiste (1841). Le Cardinal Fesch, Archevêque de Lyon. ... Fragments biographiques, politiques et religieux, pour servir à l'histoire ecclésiastique contemporaine, Volume 1. Volume 2. (in French). Lyon: Perisse Frères 1841.
- Paolin, Paulin (1876). Gallia christiana in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa. Tomus quartus, second edition (in Latin). Paris: V. Palmé, 1876.
- Pericaud, Antoine (1854). Notice sur François de Rohan, archevêque de Lyon et administrateur de l'église d'Angers. (in French). Lyon: A. Vingtrinier, 1854.
- Pisani, Paul (1907). Répertoire biographique de l'épiscopat constitutionnel (1791-1802) (in French). Paris: A. Picard et fils.
- Poullin de Lumina, Étienne Joseph (1770). Histoire de l'église de Lyon. (in French) Lyon: J.-L. Berthoud 1770.
- Previté-Orton, C.W. (1912). Early History of the House of Savoy. Cambridge: University Press.
External links
- Centre national des Archives de l'Église de France, L'Épiscopat francais depuis 1919, retrieved: 2016-12-24. (in French)
- Official website (in French)