Stephen Cole Kleene: Difference between revisions

Stephen Cole Kleene (January 5, 1909 – January 25, 1994) was an American mathematician whose work at the University of Wisconsin-Madison helped lay the foundations for theoretical computer science. Kleene was best known for founding the branch of mathematical logic known as recursion theory together with Alonzo Church, Kurt Gödel, Alan Turing , Emil Post, and others; and for inventing regular expressions. By providing methods of determining which problems are solvable, Kleene's work led to the study of which functions are computable. Among other things, Kleene algebra, the Kleene star, Kleene's recursion theorem and the Kleene fixpoint theorem are named after him. He also contributed to mathematical intuitionism as founded by Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer.

Kleene pronounced his last name ['kleɪni]. ['klini] and [klin] are common mispronunciations.

Biography

Kleene was born in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. He received his bachelor of arts degree from Amherst College in 1930. From 1930 to 1935, he was a graduate student and research assistant at Princeton University, where he received his doctorate in mathematics in 1934, supervised by Alonzo Church, for a thesis entitled A Theory of Positive Integers in Formal Logic. In 1935, he joined the UW-Madison mathematics department as an instructor. He became an assistant professor in 1937.

From 1939 to 1940, he was a visiting scholar at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study, where he laid the foundation for recursion theory, an area that would be his lifelong research interest. In 1941 he returned to Amherst as an associate professor of mathematics.

During World War II, Kleene was a lieutenant commander in the United States Navy. He was an instructor of navigation at the U.S. Naval Reserve's Midshipmen's School in New York, and then a project director at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.

In 1946, he returned to Wisconsin, becoming a full professor in 1948. He was chair of mathematics and computer sciences in 1962 and 1963, and dean of the College of Letters and Science from 1969 to 1974. In 1964 he was named the Cyrus C. MacDuffee professor of mathematics. He retired in 1979.

An avid mountain climber, Kleene had a strong interest in nature and the environment and was active in many conservation causes. He led several professional organisations, serving as president of the Association of Symbolic Logic from 1956 to 1958. In 1961, he served as president of the International Union of the History and the Philosophy of Science. He died in Madison, Wisconsin.

Important publications

• Introduction to Metamathematics D. Van Nostrand (1952)
• Mathematical Logic John Wiley (1967). Dover paperback reprint ca. 2001.
• Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata in Automata Studies (1956) eds. C. Shannon and J. McCarthy.

Trivia

Kleene's standing in mathematical logic is reflected among logicians in the proverb "Kleeneliness is next to Gödeliness", a pun on "Cleanliness is next to godliness". The Kleene Library of Math was named after S.C. Kleene in memory of his research at the University of Wisconsin - Madison.

See also

• Kleene algebra
• Kleene closure (or Kleene star)
• Kleene fixpoint theorem
• Kleene hierarchy
• Kleene's s-m-n Theorem
• Realizability theory
• Kleene's symbol

References

• This article is based on material taken from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.
• Stephen C. Kleene,Origins of Recursive Function Theory in Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 3 No. 1, Janvier 1981.

External links

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Stephen Cole Kleene", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
• Stephen Cole Kleene at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
• Biographical memoir – by Saunders Mac Lane
• S.C. Kleene's Bibliography – from University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Interview with Kleene and J Barkley Rosser about their experiences at Princeton