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{{short description|American judge and politician}}
[[Image:StephenRBradley.jpg|thumb|Stephen R. Bradley]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Stephen Row Bradley
| image = StephenRBradley.jpg
| office = [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]
| term_start = December 28, 1808
| term_end = January 8, 1809
| predecessor = [[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]]
| successor = [[John Milledge]]
| term_start1 = December 14, 1802
| term_end1 = October 16, 1803
| predecessor1 = [[Abraham Baldwin]]
| successor1 = [[John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)|John Brown]]
| jr/sr2 = United States Senator
| state2 = [[Vermont]]
| term_start2 = October 15, 1801
| term_end2 = March 3, 1813
| predecessor2 = [[Elijah Paine]]
| successor2 = [[Dudley Chase]]
| term_start3 = October 17, 1791
| term_end3 = March 3, 1795
| predecessor3 = ''(none)''
| successor3 = [[Elijah Paine]]
| office4 = 9th [[Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
| state4 = [[Vermont]]
| term_start4 = 1785
| term_end4 = 1786
| predecessor4 = [[Nathaniel Niles (politician)|Nathaniel Niles]]
| successor4 = [[John Strong (Vermont politician)|John Strong]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1754|2|20}}
| birth_place = [[Cheshire, Connecticut]], [[British America]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1830|12|9|1754|2|20}}
| death_place = [[Walpole, New Hampshire|Walpole]], [[New Hampshire]], U.S.
| resting_place = Westminster Cemetery<br/>[[Westminster, Vermont]]
| spouse = Merab Atwater Bradley<br/>Gratia Thankful Taylor Bradley<br/>Belinda Willard Bradley
| children = [[William Czar Bradley]]
| relations =
| profession = Lawyer<br/>Judge<br/>Politician
| party = [[Anti-Administration Party (United States)|Anti-Administration]] <br/> [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]
| alma_mater = [[Yale University|Yale]]
| signature = Signature of Stephen Row Bradley (1754–1830).png
}}
'''Stephen Row Bradley''' (February 20, 1754&nbsp;– December 9, 1830) was an American lawyer, judge and politician. He served as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from the state of [[Vermont]] and as the [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]] during the early 1800s.


==Early life==
'''Stephen Row Bradley''' ([[February 20]], [[1754]]&ndash;[[December 9]], [[1830]]) was an American politician.
Bradley was born on February 20, 1754, in the part of [[Wallingford, Connecticut]] that is now [[Cheshire, Connecticut|Cheshire]].<ref name="Dexter">Franklin Bowditch Dexter, ''[https://archive.org/details/biographicalske04dextgoog/page/n563 <!-- pg=549 --> Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College: May 1763-July 1778]'' with ''Annuals of the College History'', Vol. III (Henry Holt & Co.: 1903), pp. 549-52.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bradley|first=Stephen Row|title=Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator|year=2009|publisher=McFarland|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JEMGy-mT7YC&pg=PA23|isbn=9780786452521}}</ref> He was the son of Moses and Mary (Row) Bradley.<ref name="Bradley 2009 16">{{cite book|last=Bradley|first=Stephen Row|title=Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator|year=2009|publisher=McFarland|page=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JEMGy-mT7YC&pg=PA16|isbn=9780786452521}}</ref><ref name="Dodge">{{cite book|last=Dodge|first=Prentiss Cutler|title=Encyclopedia, Vermont Biography: A Series of Authentic Biographical Sketches of the Representative Men of Vermont and Sons of Vermont in Other States, 1912|year=1912|publisher=Ullery Publishing Co.|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tt2_3hTQxFMC/page/n58 55]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tt2_3hTQxFMC}}</ref> He was the grandson of Stephen Bradley, a New Haven [[silversmith]]<ref name="Dexter"/> who was one of six brothers who served in [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell's]] [[Ironside (cavalry)|Ironsides]] before emigrating to America.<ref name="Dodge"/>


Bradley graduated from [[Yale College]] in 1775.<ref name="Blake">{{cite book|last=Blake|first=John Lauris|title=A biographical dictionary: comprising a summary account of the lives of the most distinguished persons of all ages, nations, and professions; including more than two thousand articles of American biography|year=1859|publisher=H. Cowperthwait & co.|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_jWo7AQAAIAAJ/page/n194 191]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_jWo7AQAAIAAJ}}</ref>
Bradley was born in [[Wallingford, Connecticut]]. His parents were Moses and Mary Bradley, members of prominent New England families who had arrived from England in the 1600s. Bradley spent his childhood in Wallingford and studied at [[Yale University|Yale]], graduating in 1775. He then fought on the American side in the [[Revolutionary War]] beginning as a captain but rising to the rank of colonel.


After his graduation, Bradley was commissioned as captain in the Connecticut Militia and rose to the rank of major. He commanded the Cheshire Volunteers and in December 1776, he served as [[adjutant]]. He was promoted to vendue master (auctioneer of seized enemy and [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] property) and [[quartermaster]], and then served as [[aide-de-camp]] to [[David Wooster|General Wooster]] during the British attack on [[Battle of Ridgefield|Danbury]] on April 27, 1777 when Wooster was fatally wounded.<ref name="Blake"/> Bradley resigned his commission after the battle.
Bradley moved to [[Vermont]] in 1779. He studied law, settled in [[Westminster, Vermont]] and began practicing law there. He soon became an important citizen of the town and held the positions of register of probate and town clerk. He also served as a county judge in 1783 and served for seven years in the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] in the 1780s. He served as [[speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of the Vermont House during 1785. He also served as a judge of the Vermont Superior Court during the 1780s. He was active in settling Vermont's boundary disputes with [[New Hampshire]].


He received a Master of Arts degree from Yale in 1778.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hunt|first=Robert|title=Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines, Volume 5|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=591|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9UbAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA591|isbn=9780415216319}}</ref> In 1779, he moved to [[Westminster, Vermont]] and studied law, directed by [[Tapping Reeve]], founder of the [[Litchfield Law School]].<ref name="Stephen R. Bradley">{{cite book|title=Stephen R. Bradley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JEMGy-mT7YC&pg=PA23|publisher=Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator|access-date=9 January 2014|isbn = 9780786452521|date = 2009-01-22}}</ref> Bradley was admitted to the bar in 1779 and began the practice of law in Westminster, becoming an important citizen of the town.<ref>{{cite book|last=Poland|first=J & J M|title=Vermont: Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont|year=1876|publisher=J & J M Poland|page=169|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8UgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA169}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Jessie|title=Revolutionary Westminster: From Massacre to Statehood|year=2010|publisher=The History Press|page=125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gxfv1TvEF7AC&pg=PA12|isbn=9781609491666}}</ref> In October 1779, the Legislature selected him as one of five agents to the U.S. Congress from Vermont; in early 1780, he wrote a tract entitled ''Vermont's Appeal to a Candid and Impartial World'', which defended [[Vermont Republic|Vermont's right to independence]] against competing claims by New York, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts.<ref name="Dexter"/><ref name="Dodge"/>
When Vermont became part of the [[United States]] on [[March 4]], [[1791]], Bradley and [[Moses Robinson]] were elected by the state legislature to be the first people to fill Vermont's two senate seats. Bradley entered the [[United States Senate]] in [[1791]] and supported the anti-administration faction. He was defeated for reelection in [[1794]].


==Political career==
Bradley returned to Westminster and was active in law and local politics, serving on the town council. He was reelected to the [[United States Senate]] for Vermont in 1800, as a member of the [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican Party]]. He was reelected in 1807. He served as President Pro Tempore of the Senate from 1801 to 1803 and from 1807 to 1809. He retired from the Senate in 1813 and also then retired from politics. He returned to Westminster and lived there again for 5 years. In 1818 he moved to [[Walpole, New Hampshire]] where he lived for the rest of his life and died. His body was returned to Westminster, Vermont, to be buried in the Westminster Cemetery.
In June 1780, Bradley was appointed [[state's attorney]] for [[Cumberland County, Vermont]].<ref name="Dexter"/><ref name="Dodge"/> He held the positions of register of probate and town clerk, and in 1783 he served as county judge.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer and Business Directory of Windham County, Vt., 1724-1884|year=1884|publisher=Printed at the Journal office|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_wWraIepDq4gC/page/n36 35]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_wWraIepDq4gC}}</ref> He also served for seven years in the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] in the 1780s. He was [[speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives]] during 1785.<ref name="Dodge"/>


Bradley continued to be given additional responsibility in the militia. Appointed a [[First lieutenant#U.S. Army.2C U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force|first lieutenant]] in August 1780, he was promoted to [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] as commander of the 1st Regiment in October. He was later promoted to [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] as commander of the 8th Brigade, and served until 1791.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bradley |first1=Stephen R. |last2=Carpenter |first2=Dorr Bradley |date=2009 |title=Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JEMGy-mT7YC&q=%22stephen+r+bradley%22+%22vermont%22+%22militia%22&pg=PA16 |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland & Company |pages=16, 154 |isbn=978-0-7864-3358-2}}</ref>
Bradley was known as an intelligent and eccentric man, and a good lawyer and orator.


He served as judge of the [[Judiciary of Vermont|Vermont Superior Court]] during the 1780s, and of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]] in 1788. Bradley was instrumental in settling Vermont's boundary disputes with [[New Hampshire]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Stephen R. Bradley|url=http://www.debate.org/reference/stephen-r-bradley|publisher=Debate.org|access-date=9 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109203640/http://www.debate.org/reference/stephen-r-bradley|archive-date=9 January 2014}}</ref> Vermont became part of the [[United States]] on March 4, 1791. Bradley and [[Moses Robinson]] were elected by the state legislature to be the first to fill Vermont's two senate seats.<ref name="Jefferson 2012 298">{{cite book|last=Jefferson|first=Thomas J and Butterfield, Lyman Henry|title=The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: 1 July to 12 November 1802|year=2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=298|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzjMzliASd8C&q=stephen+r+bradley+Connecticut+Militia&pg=PA298|isbn=9780691153230}}</ref> In 1791, he entered the [[United States Senate]] and supported the anti-administration faction. Defeated for reelection in 1794, he returned to Westminster and was active in law and local politics, serving on the town council.
He married three times, his first two wives having died before him. He had five children, and over a dozen grandchildren. His three daughters married rich and prominent men. His son [[William Czar Bradley]] was also a politician and served several terms in Congress. His other son, Stephen Bradley, Jr. drowned while at school in [[New Haven, Connecticut]].

Reelected as a [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Jeffersonian]] candidate to the United States Senate in 1800, he served as [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore of the Senate]] from the end of 1801 to near the end of 1802. After he was reelected in 1807, he served as the presiding officer again for a couple of weeks in the 1808-1809 period.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stephen R. Bradley|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~vtwindha/hev/hevbio593.htm|publisher=* American Archives, Fourth Series, vol. i. cols. 1288, 1290-1294, 1303, 1307, 1316-1318, 1322. Journals Col. Ass. N. Y. Doc. Hist. N. Y., iv. 1025. Dunlap's N. Y., i. 450, 451. Trumbull's MacFingal, Boston ed., 1799, canto p. 28|access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>

Bradley is credited with writing the [[Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution]], which was passed by Congress in 1803 and ratified in 1804.<ref name="Dodge"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bradley |first1=Stephen R. |last2=Carpenter |first2=Dorr Bradley |date=2009 |title=Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JEMGy-mT7YC&pg=PA16|location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland & Company |pages=29, 38, 194|isbn=978-0-7864-3358-2}}</ref> Although a Democratic-Republican, he was [[Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States|opposed to the War of 1812]].<ref name="Dexter"/>

After retiring from the Senate in 1813, he retired from politics and returned to Westminster. He lived there for five years, and in 1818 he moved to [[Walpole, New Hampshire]] where he lived for the rest of his life.<ref name="Jefferson 2012 298"/> [[Stephen Rowe Bradley House|His Walpole house]] is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

==Death==
Bradley died in Walpole, Cheshire County, New Hampshire, on December 9, 1830 (aged 76 years, 292 days).<ref>{{cite book|last=Burton|first=William E.|title=The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 3|year=1838|publisher=William E. Burton|page=414|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CntIAQAAIAAJ&q=stephen+r+bradley+died+Walpole+nh&pg=PA414}}</ref> His body was returned to Westminster, Vermont and he is [[burial|interred]] at the Westminster Cemetery.<ref>{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Jessie|title=Revolutionary Westminster: From Massacre to Statehood |year=2011 |publisher=The History Press|page=147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gxfv1TvEF7AC&q=stephen+r+bradley++Westminster+Cemetery&pg=PA147|isbn=9781609491666}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Known as an intelligent and eccentric man, Bradley was a good lawyer and orator. Appointed a fellow by [[Middlebury College]] on September 1, 1800, he held the position for the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite book|last=Congress|title=Congressional Record, V. 146, Pt. 12, July 27, 2000 to September 13, 2000|year=2005|publisher=Government Printing Office|page=17645|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLg4iJR0J9kC&q=Stephen+Bradley+fellow+by+Middlebury+College&pg=PA17645|isbn=9780160749476}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Middlebury College|title=The Catalogue|year=1911|publisher=Middlebury College|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hHfOAAAAMAAJ&q=Stephen+Bradley+fellow+by+Middlebury+College&pg=PA4}}</ref> Middlebury and [[Dartmouth College|Dartmouth]] colleges awarded him the [[honorary degree]] of [[Legum Doctor|LL.D.]]<ref name="Stephen R. Bradley"/>

Bradley married Merab Atwater on May 16, 1780. After her death, he married Gratia Thankful Taylor on April 12, 1789. He married a third time, on September 18, 1803, to Belinda Willard.<ref name="Bradley 2009 16"/> He had five children, and over a dozen grandchildren. His three daughters married prominent men, one of whom was [[Samuel Tudor]]. His son [[William Czar Bradley]], also a politician, served several terms in Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000748|title= BRADLEY, William Czar, (1782 - 1867)|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |access-date= January 11, 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{CongBio|B000745}}
{{Template:Bioguide}}

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{{U.S. Senator box|class=3|state=Vermont| before = None| after = [[Elijah Paine]] | years =1791&ndash;1795| alongside=[[Moses Robinson]] }}
{{U.S. Senator box|class=3|state=Vermont| before = [[Elijah Paine]]| after = [[Dudley Chase]] | years =1801&ndash;1813| alongside=[[Nathaniel Chipman]], [[Israel Smith]], [[Jonathan Robinson (American politician)|Jonathan Robinson]] }}
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{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1754 births|Bradley, Stephen R.]]

[[Category:1830 deaths|Bradley, Stephen R.]]
[[Category:United States Senators from Vermont|Bradley, Stephen R.]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bradley, Stephen R.}}
[[Category:1754 births]]
[[Category:Members of the Vermont House of Representatives|Bradley, Stephen R.]]
[[Category:Westminster, Vermont|Bradley, Stephen R.]]
[[Category:1830 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Cheshire, Connecticut]]
[[Category:People from colonial Connecticut]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:Anti-Administration Party United States senators from Vermont]]
[[Category:Democratic-Republican Party United States senators from Vermont]]
[[Category:Vermont Democratic-Republicans]]
[[Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate]]
[[Category:Members of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
[[Category:People from Westminster (town), Vermont]]
[[Category:Justices of the Vermont Supreme Court]]
[[Category:State's attorneys in Vermont]]
[[Category:Vermont lawyers]]
[[Category:Yale College alumni]]
[[Category:Burials in Vermont]]
[[Category:19th-century American lawyers]]

Latest revision as of 21:21, 30 December 2023

Stephen Row Bradley
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
In office
December 28, 1808 – January 8, 1809
Preceded bySamuel Smith
Succeeded byJohn Milledge
In office
December 14, 1802 – October 16, 1803
Preceded byAbraham Baldwin
Succeeded byJohn Brown
United States Senator
from Vermont
In office
October 15, 1801 – March 3, 1813
Preceded byElijah Paine
Succeeded byDudley Chase
In office
October 17, 1791 – March 3, 1795
Preceded by(none)
Succeeded byElijah Paine
9th Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives
In office
1785–1786
Preceded byNathaniel Niles
Succeeded byJohn Strong
Personal details
Born(1754-02-20)February 20, 1754
Cheshire, Connecticut, British America
DiedDecember 9, 1830(1830-12-09) (aged 76)
Walpole, New Hampshire, U.S.
Resting placeWestminster Cemetery
Westminster, Vermont
Political partyAnti-Administration
Democratic-Republican
Spouse(s)Merab Atwater Bradley
Gratia Thankful Taylor Bradley
Belinda Willard Bradley
ChildrenWilliam Czar Bradley
Alma materYale
ProfessionLawyer
Judge
Politician
Signature

Stephen Row Bradley (February 20, 1754 – December 9, 1830) was an American lawyer, judge and politician. He served as a United States Senator from the state of Vermont and as the President pro tempore of the United States Senate during the early 1800s.

Early life[edit]

Bradley was born on February 20, 1754, in the part of Wallingford, Connecticut that is now Cheshire.[1][2] He was the son of Moses and Mary (Row) Bradley.[3][4] He was the grandson of Stephen Bradley, a New Haven silversmith[1] who was one of six brothers who served in Cromwell's Ironsides before emigrating to America.[4]

Bradley graduated from Yale College in 1775.[5]

After his graduation, Bradley was commissioned as captain in the Connecticut Militia and rose to the rank of major. He commanded the Cheshire Volunteers and in December 1776, he served as adjutant. He was promoted to vendue master (auctioneer of seized enemy and Loyalist property) and quartermaster, and then served as aide-de-camp to General Wooster during the British attack on Danbury on April 27, 1777 when Wooster was fatally wounded.[5] Bradley resigned his commission after the battle.

He received a Master of Arts degree from Yale in 1778.[6] In 1779, he moved to Westminster, Vermont and studied law, directed by Tapping Reeve, founder of the Litchfield Law School.[7] Bradley was admitted to the bar in 1779 and began the practice of law in Westminster, becoming an important citizen of the town.[8][9] In October 1779, the Legislature selected him as one of five agents to the U.S. Congress from Vermont; in early 1780, he wrote a tract entitled Vermont's Appeal to a Candid and Impartial World, which defended Vermont's right to independence against competing claims by New York, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts.[1][4]

Political career[edit]

In June 1780, Bradley was appointed state's attorney for Cumberland County, Vermont.[1][4] He held the positions of register of probate and town clerk, and in 1783 he served as county judge.[10] He also served for seven years in the Vermont House of Representatives in the 1780s. He was speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives during 1785.[4]

Bradley continued to be given additional responsibility in the militia. Appointed a first lieutenant in August 1780, he was promoted to colonel as commander of the 1st Regiment in October. He was later promoted to brigadier general as commander of the 8th Brigade, and served until 1791.[11]

He served as judge of the Vermont Superior Court during the 1780s, and of the Vermont Supreme Court in 1788. Bradley was instrumental in settling Vermont's boundary disputes with New Hampshire.[12] Vermont became part of the United States on March 4, 1791. Bradley and Moses Robinson were elected by the state legislature to be the first to fill Vermont's two senate seats.[13] In 1791, he entered the United States Senate and supported the anti-administration faction. Defeated for reelection in 1794, he returned to Westminster and was active in law and local politics, serving on the town council.

Reelected as a Jeffersonian candidate to the United States Senate in 1800, he served as President pro tempore of the Senate from the end of 1801 to near the end of 1802. After he was reelected in 1807, he served as the presiding officer again for a couple of weeks in the 1808-1809 period.[14]

Bradley is credited with writing the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was passed by Congress in 1803 and ratified in 1804.[4][15] Although a Democratic-Republican, he was opposed to the War of 1812.[1]

After retiring from the Senate in 1813, he retired from politics and returned to Westminster. He lived there for five years, and in 1818 he moved to Walpole, New Hampshire where he lived for the rest of his life.[13] His Walpole house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[16]

Death[edit]

Bradley died in Walpole, Cheshire County, New Hampshire, on December 9, 1830 (aged 76 years, 292 days).[17] His body was returned to Westminster, Vermont and he is interred at the Westminster Cemetery.[18]

Personal life[edit]

Known as an intelligent and eccentric man, Bradley was a good lawyer and orator. Appointed a fellow by Middlebury College on September 1, 1800, he held the position for the rest of his life.[19][20] Middlebury and Dartmouth colleges awarded him the honorary degree of LL.D.[7]

Bradley married Merab Atwater on May 16, 1780. After her death, he married Gratia Thankful Taylor on April 12, 1789. He married a third time, on September 18, 1803, to Belinda Willard.[3] He had five children, and over a dozen grandchildren. His three daughters married prominent men, one of whom was Samuel Tudor. His son William Czar Bradley, also a politician, served several terms in Congress.[21]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Franklin Bowditch Dexter, Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College: May 1763-July 1778 with Annuals of the College History, Vol. III (Henry Holt & Co.: 1903), pp. 549-52.
  2. ^ Bradley, Stephen Row (2009). Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator. McFarland. p. 23. ISBN 9780786452521.
  3. ^ a b Bradley, Stephen Row (2009). Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator. McFarland. p. 16. ISBN 9780786452521.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Dodge, Prentiss Cutler (1912). Encyclopedia, Vermont Biography: A Series of Authentic Biographical Sketches of the Representative Men of Vermont and Sons of Vermont in Other States, 1912. Ullery Publishing Co. p. 55.
  5. ^ a b Blake, John Lauris (1859). A biographical dictionary: comprising a summary account of the lives of the most distinguished persons of all ages, nations, and professions; including more than two thousand articles of American biography. H. Cowperthwait & co. p. 191.
  6. ^ Hunt, Robert (1999). Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines, Volume 5. Taylor & Francis. p. 591. ISBN 9780415216319.
  7. ^ a b Stephen R. Bradley. Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator. January 22, 2009. ISBN 9780786452521. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
  8. ^ Poland, J & J M (1876). Vermont: Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. J & J M Poland. p. 169.
  9. ^ Haas, Jessie (2010). Revolutionary Westminster: From Massacre to Statehood. The History Press. p. 125. ISBN 9781609491666.
  10. ^ Gazetteer and Business Directory of Windham County, Vt., 1724-1884. Printed at the Journal office. 1884. p. 35.
  11. ^ Bradley, Stephen R.; Carpenter, Dorr Bradley (2009). Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. pp. 16, 154. ISBN 978-0-7864-3358-2.
  12. ^ "Stephen R. Bradley". Debate.org. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
  13. ^ a b Jefferson, Thomas J and Butterfield, Lyman Henry (2012). The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: 1 July to 12 November 1802. Princeton University Press. p. 298. ISBN 9780691153230.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ "Stephen R. Bradley". * American Archives, Fourth Series, vol. i. cols. 1288, 1290-1294, 1303, 1307, 1316-1318, 1322. Journals Col. Ass. N. Y. Doc. Hist. N. Y., iv. 1025. Dunlap's N. Y., i. 450, 451. Trumbull's MacFingal, Boston ed., 1799, canto p. 28. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
  15. ^ Bradley, Stephen R.; Carpenter, Dorr Bradley (2009). Stephen R. Bradley: Letters of a Revolutionary War Patriot and Vermont Senator. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. pp. 29, 38, 194. ISBN 978-0-7864-3358-2.
  16. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  17. ^ Burton, William E. (1838). The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 3. William E. Burton. p. 414.
  18. ^ Haas, Jessie (2011). Revolutionary Westminster: From Massacre to Statehood. The History Press. p. 147. ISBN 9781609491666.
  19. ^ Congress (2005). Congressional Record, V. 146, Pt. 12, July 27, 2000 to September 13, 2000. Government Printing Office. p. 17645. ISBN 9780160749476.
  20. ^ Middlebury College (1911). The Catalogue. Middlebury College. p. 4.
  21. ^ "BRADLEY, William Czar, (1782 - 1867)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved January 11, 2014.

External links[edit]


Political offices
Preceded by Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives
1785–1786 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by
None
 U.S. senator (Class 3) from Vermont
1791–1795
Served alongside: Moses Robinson 		Succeeded by
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 3) from Vermont
1801–1813
Served alongside: Nathaniel Chipman, Israel Smith, Jonathan Robinson 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by President pro tempore of the United States Senate
December 14, 1802 – October 16, 1803 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President pro tempore of the United States Senate
December 28, 1808 – January 8, 1809 		Succeeded by
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