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{{short description| American engineer and former NASA astronaut }}
{{Short description|American astronaut and engineer (born 1964)}}
{{Infobox astronaut
{{Infobox astronaut
| name =Sandra Magnus
|name = Sandra Magnus
| image =Sandra Magnus 2011.jpg
|image = Sandra Magnus 2011 (cropped).jpg
|caption = Magnus in 2011
⚫
| type =[[NASA]] Astronaut
⚫
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|10|30}}
⚫
| caption = [[File:Sanrda magnus singture.svg|200px]]
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|birth_place = [[Belleville, Illinois]], U.S.
| status =Retired
|death_date =
| nationality =American
|death_place =
⚫
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1964|10|30}}
|education = [[Missouri University of Science and Technology]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[Georgia Institute of Technology]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
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| birth_place =[[Belleville, Illinois]]
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|type = [[NASA astronaut]]
| occupation =Executive Director [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]]
⚫
|time = 157d 8h 42m<ref name=spacefacts>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacefacts.de/english/e_tis.htm |title=Astronauts and Cosmonauts (sorted by "Time in Sace") |first=Joachim |last=Becker |website=www.spacefacts.de}}</ref>
[[Engineer]]
| selection =[[List of astronauts by selection#1996|1996 NASA Group]]
|selection = [[NASA Astronaut Group 16|NASA Group 16 (1996)]]
|mission = [[STS-112]]<br>[[STS-126]]/[[STS-119|119]] ([[Expedition 18]])<br>[[STS-135]]
⚫
| time = 157d 08h 42m<ref name=spacefacts>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/english/e_tis.htm|title=Astronauts and Cosmonauts (sorted by "Time in Space")|first=Joachim|last=Becker|website=www.spacefacts.de}}</ref>
| mission =[[STS-112]], [[STS-126]]/[[STS-119|119]] ([[Expedition 18]]), [[STS-135]]
|insignia = [[File:Sts-112-patch.png|45px]] [[File:STS-126 patch.png|40px]] [[File:ISS Expedition 18 patch.png|45px]] [[File:STS-119 patch.png|45px]] [[File:STS-135 patch.png|48px]]
|module = {{Infobox scientist
| insignia =[[Image:Sts-112-patch.png|45px]] [[Image:STS-126 patch.png|40px]] [[Image:ISS Expedition 18 patch.png|45px]] [[Image:STS-119 patch.png|45px]] [[File:STS-135 patch.png|48px]]
|embed = yes
⚫
|}}
|field = [[Materials science]]

|thesis_title = An Investigation of the Relationship between the Thermochemistry and Emission Behavior of Thermionic Cathodes Based on the BaO-Sc₂O₃-WO₃ Ternary System
⚫
'''Sandra Hall Magnus''' (born October 30, 1964) is an American [[engineer]] and a former [[NASA]] [[astronaut]].<ref name="bio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/magnus_sandra.pdf|title=Sandra H. Magnus (Ph.D.) NASA Astronaut|date=October 2012|access-date=January 29, 2019|website=NASA|publisher=NASA}}</ref> She returned to Earth with the crew of [[STS-119]] [[Space Shuttle Discovery|''Discovery'']] on March 28, 2009, after having spent 134 days in orbit.<ref name="return">{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h1W8dcUP9H70AmlSfDSenPteDT9gD9777R580 |title=Shuttle lands in Florida, ending 13-day voyage |access-date=2009-03-28 |date=2009-03-28 |publisher=AP}}</ref> She was assigned to the crew of [[STS-135]], the final mission of the [[Space Shuttle]]. She is also a licensed [[amateur radio]] operator with the [[call sign]] KE5FYE. From 2012 until 2018 Magnus was the executive director of the [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]].
|thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/881060348
|thesis_year = 1996
|doctoral_advisor = Norman Hill}}
⚫
|signature = Sanrda magnus singture.svg
⚫
}}
⚫
'''Sandra Hall Magnus''' (born October 30, 1964) is an American [[engineer]] and a former [[NASA]] [[astronaut]].<ref name="bio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/magnus_sandra.pdf|title=Sandra H. Magnus (Ph.D.) NASA Astronaut|date=October 2012|access-date=January 29, 2019|website=NASA|publisher=NASA}}</ref> She flew to space three times, as mission specialist on [[STS-112]], as ISS crewmember during [[Expedition 18]] and as mission specialist on [[STS-135]]. She is also a licensed [[amateur radio]] operator with the [[call sign]] KE5FYE. From 2012 until 2018 Magnus was the executive director of the [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]].


==Biography==
==Biography==

===Early life and education===
===Early life and education===
Magnus was born and raised in [[Belleville, Illinois]]. She earned degrees in [[physics]] and [[electrical engineering]] from the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology|University of Missouri–Rolla]] (now known as the Missouri University of Science and Technology) before earning a [[PhD]] in [[Materials science|materials science and engineering]] from the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] in 1996.<ref name="bio" /> Research for her [[dissertation]], entitled "An Investigation of the relationship between the [[thermochemistry]] and [[Thermionic emission|emission]] behavior of [[thermionic cathode]]s based on the BaO-Sc{{sub|2}}O{{sub|3}}-WO{{sub|3}} ternary system," was supported by a fellowship from the [[Glenn Research Center|NASA Lewis Research Center]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/19625 |first=Sandra |last=Magnus |title=An Investigation of the relationship between the thermochemistry and emission behavior of thermionic cathodes based on the BaO-Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub> ternary system |access-date=2008-11-16 |work=SMARTech |publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology |date=May 1996}}</ref>
Magnus was born and raised in [[Belleville, Illinois]]. She earned degrees in [[physics]] and [[electrical engineering]] from the [[Missouri University of Science and Technology|University of Missouri–Rolla]] (now known as the Missouri University of Science and Technology) before earning a [[PhD]] in [[Materials science|materials science and engineering]] from the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] in 1996. Research for her [[dissertation]], entitled "An Investigation of the relationship between the [[thermochemistry]] and [[Thermionic emission|emission]] behavior of [[thermionic cathode]]s based on the BaO-Sc{{sub|2}}O{{sub|3}}-WO{{sub|3}} ternary system," was supported by a fellowship from the [[Glenn Research Center|NASA Lewis Research Center]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/19625 |first=Sandra |last=Magnus |title=An Investigation of the relationship between the thermochemistry and emission behavior of thermionic cathodes based on the BaO-Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub> ternary system |access-date=2008-11-16 |work=SMARTech |publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology |date=May 1996}}</ref>


===Engineering career===
===Engineering career===
During the 1980s, Magnus worked on [[stealth aircraft]] design as an [[engineer]] for [[McDonnell Douglas]]. She worked on the propulsion system for the [[A-12 Avenger II]] until the project was canceled by the [[United States Navy|Navy]] in 1991.<ref name="bio" />
During the 1980s, Magnus worked on [[stealth aircraft]] design as an [[engineer]] for [[McDonnell Douglas]]. She worked on the propulsion system for the [[A-12 Avenger II]] until the project was canceled by the [[United States Navy|Navy]] in 1991.<ref name="bio" />


===NASA career===
===NASA career===
[[File:Sandy Magnus in the Destiny Module.jpg|right|thumb|Sandra Magnus, STS-119 mission specialist, exercises on the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS) in the Destiny laboratory.]]
[[File:Sandy Magnus in the Destiny Module.jpg|right|thumb|Sandra Magnus, STS-119 mission specialist, exercises on the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS) in the Destiny laboratory.]]


Magnus was selected as an astronaut candidate in 1996. Following training for two years from January 1997 until May 1998, Magnus was assigned to the Payloads/Habitability branch in the Astronaut office. Her work included coordinating with the European Space agency and the Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and Brazil. In May 1998 she was assigned to work in Russia supporting payload hardware development and testing. In 2000 she was [[Flight controller#CAPCOM|CAPCOM]] for the International Space Station.<ref name="bio"/>
Magnus was selected as an astronaut candidate in 1996. Following training for two years from January 1997 until May 1998, Magnus was assigned to the Payloads/Habitability branch in the Astronaut office. Her work included coordinating with the European Space Agency and the Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and Brazil. In May 1998 she was assigned to work in Russia supporting payload hardware development and testing. In 2000 she was [[Flight controller#CAPCOM|CAPCOM]] for the International Space Station.<ref name="bio"/>


====STS-112====
====STS-112====
Line 39: Line 44:


====NEEMO 11====
====NEEMO 11====
From September 16–22, 2006, Magnus served as the commander of NASA's [[NEEMO#NEEMO 11: September 16–22, 2006|NEEMO 11]] mission, an undersea expedition at the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]'s [[Aquarius (laboratory)|Aquarius laboratory]] located off the coast of [[Florida]]. With fellow astronaut/[[aquanaut]]s [[Timothy Kopra]], [[Robert Behnken]] and [[Timothy Creamer]], all of whom were training for possible assignment to missions to the International Space Station, Magnus imitated [[Moon landing|moonwalk]]s, tested concepts for mobility using various [[spacesuit]] configurations and weights to simulate lunar [[gravity]]. Techniques for communication, navigation, geological sample retrieval, construction and using remote-controlled [[robot]]s on the [[moon]]'s surface also were tested. [[National Undersea Research Center]] support crew members Larry Ward and Roger Garcia provided [[engineering]] support inside the [[Underwater habitat|habitat]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NEEMO/NEEMO11/index.html |title=NEEMO 11 |publisher=NASA |date=September 2006 |access-date=January 29, 2019}}</ref>
From September 16–22, 2006, Magnus served as the commander of NASA's [[NEEMO#NEEMO 11: September 16–22, 2006|NEEMO 11]] mission, an undersea expedition at the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]'s [[Aquarius (laboratory)|Aquarius laboratory]] located off the coast of [[Florida]]. With fellow astronaut/[[aquanaut]]s [[Timothy Kopra]], [[Robert Behnken]] and [[Timothy Creamer]], all of whom were training for possible assignment to missions to the International Space Station, Magnus imitated [[Moon landing|moonwalk]]s, tested concepts for mobility using various [[spacesuit]] configurations and weights to simulate lunar [[gravity]]. Techniques for communication, navigation, geological sample retrieval, construction and using remote-controlled [[robot]]s on the [[Moon]]'s surface also were tested. [[National Undersea Research Center]] support crew members Larry Ward and Roger Garcia provided [[engineering]] support inside the [[Underwater habitat|habitat]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NEEMO/NEEMO11/index.html |title=NEEMO 11 |publisher=NASA |date=September 2006 |access-date=January 29, 2019}}</ref>


====Expedition 18====
====Expedition 18====
Magnus served as Flight Engineer on board the International Space Station as part of [[Expedition 18]].<ref name="bio"/> Magnus was a Mission Specialist on [[STS-126]] for the trip to the station, which launched on November 14, 2008. She served as Mission Specialist on [[STS-119]] when it returned on March 28, 2009.<ref name="bio"/> She logged 133 days in orbit and received warm greetings from NASA on her return. Her replacement, [[JAXA]] astronaut [[Koichi Wakata]], was launched aboard ''Discovery'' on March 15, 2009.<ref name="return" />
Magnus served as flight engineer on board the International Space Station as part of [[Expedition 18]].<ref name="bio"/> Magnus was a mission specialist on [[STS-126]] for the trip to the station, which launched on November 14, 2008. She served as mission specialist on [[STS-119]] when it returned on March 28, 2009.<ref name="bio"/> She logged 133 days in orbit and received warm greetings from NASA on her return. Her replacement, [[JAXA]] astronaut [[Koichi Wakata]], was launched aboard ''Discovery'' on March 15, 2009.<ref name="return">{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h1W8dcUP9H70AmlSfDSenPteDT9gD9777R580 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331140728/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h1W8dcUP9H70AmlSfDSenPteDT9gD9777R580 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 31, 2009 |title=Shuttle lands in Florida, ending 13-day voyage |access-date=2009-03-28 |date=2009-03-28 |publisher=AP}}</ref>


====STS-135====
====STS-135====
[[File:STS-135 Sandy Magnus in the Cupola.jpg|right|thumb|Magnus in the [[Cupola (ISS module)|Cupola]] aboard the International Space Station during STS-135.]]
[[File:STS-135 Sandy Magnus in the Cupola.jpg|right|thumb|Magnus in the [[Cupola (ISS module)|Cupola]] aboard the International Space Station during STS-135.]]
On September 14, 2010, NASA announced Magnus to be one of four astronauts assigned to the STS-135 "launch on need" crew that was, if needed, to fly a rescue mission for [[STS-134]], which was originally the last scheduled shuttle flight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/sep/HQ_10-222_LON_Annc.html|title=NASA Assigns Crew for Final Launch on Need Shuttle Mission |author=NASA|date=September 14, 2010|access-date=September 14, 2010}}</ref> Other members assigned to that crew were commander [[Christopher Ferguson]], pilot [[Douglas G. Hurley]], and fellow mission specialist [[Rex J. Walheim]]. In January 2011, NASA added [[STS-135]] to the manifest as the final space shuttle mission, scheduled to launch in July 2011; STS-134 was conducted successfully in May 2011, requiring no rescue flight. The mission launched successfully on 8 July 2011 and landed on July 21.
On September 14, 2010, NASA announced Magnus to be one of four astronauts assigned to the STS-135 "launch on need" crew that was, if needed, to fly a rescue mission for [[STS-134]], which was originally the last scheduled shuttle flight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/sep/HQ_10-222_LON_Annc.html|title=NASA Assigns Crew for Final Launch on Need Shuttle Mission |author=NASA|date=September 14, 2010|access-date=September 14, 2010}}</ref> Other members assigned to that crew were commander [[Christopher Ferguson]], pilot [[Douglas G. Hurley]], and fellow mission specialist [[Rex J. Walheim]]. In January 2011, NASA added [[STS-135]] to the manifest as the final Space Shuttle mission, scheduled to launch in July 2011; STS-134 was conducted successfully in May 2011, requiring no rescue flight. The mission launched successfully on 8 July 2011 and landed on July 21.


In September 2012, Magnus became deputy [[Chief of the Astronaut Office]].
In September 2012, Magnus became deputy [[Chief of the Astronaut Office]].


===After NASA===
===After NASA===
On October 2012, Dr. Magnus left NASA Astronaut corps to become the Executive Director of the [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]] (AIAA) .<ref name=AIAA>{{cite web|url=http://www.aiaa.org/SecondaryTwoColumn.aspx?id=13857 |title=AIAA Announces Sandra H. Magnus as Executive Director|date=September 19, 2012}}</ref> She was the Executive Director until January 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aiaa.org/sandymagnusbio/ |title=Dr. Sandra H. Magnus Executive Director Emeritus |access-date=January 29, 2019|publisher=AIAA }}</ref>
In October 2012, Magnus left NASA Astronaut corps to become the executive director of the [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]] (AIAA).<ref name=AIAA>{{cite web|url=http://www.aiaa.org/SecondaryTwoColumn.aspx?id=13857 |title=AIAA Announces Sandra H. Magnus as Executive Director|date=September 19, 2012}}</ref> She was the executive director until January 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aiaa.org/sandymagnusbio/ |title=Dr. Sandra H. Magnus Executive Director Emeritus |access-date=January 29, 2019 |publisher=AIAA |archive-date=January 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220758/https://www.aiaa.org/sandymagnusbio/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>


From 2018-2019 Magnus was a principal at AstroPlanetView. In 2019 she became the Deputy Director for Engineering within the Office of the [[Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Sandra H. Magnus, Ph.D. |url=https://www.defense.gov/Our-Story/Biographies/Biography/Article/1962240/deputy-director-for-engineering-within-the-office-of-the-under-secretary-of-def/ |publisher=U.S. Dept of Defense |access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> serving under former [[List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA|NASA Administrator]] [[Michael D. Griffin|Michael Griffin]].
From 2018 to 2019, Magnus was a principal at AstroPlanetView. In 2019, she became the deputy director for Engineering within the Office of the [[Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Sandra H. Magnus, Ph.D. |url=https://www.defense.gov/Our-Story/Biographies/Biography/Article/1962240/deputy-director-for-engineering-within-the-office-of-the-under-secretary-of-def/ |publisher=U.S. Dept of Defense |access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> serving under former [[List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA|NASA Administrator]] [[Michael D. Griffin|Michael Griffin]].


On February 9, 2021 [[Virgin Galactic]] announced that Dr. Magnus would be joining their Space Advisory Board to help "provide advice to senior management as the company moves forward to open space for the benefit of all." <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-launches-space-advisory-board/ |title=Virgin Galactic Launches Space Advisory Board |publisher=Virgin Galactic |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> Magnus will be joined by former astronaut [[Chris Hadfield]] and Chief Scientist of Cubic Corporation [[David A. Whelan]].
On February 9, 2021, [[Virgin Galactic]] announced that Magnus would be joining their Space Advisory Board to help "provide advice to senior management as the company moves forward to open space for the benefit of all."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-launches-space-advisory-board/ |title=Virgin Galactic Launches Space Advisory Board |publisher=Virgin Galactic |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> Magnus will be joined by former astronaut [[Chris Hadfield]] and Chief Scientist of [[Cubic Corporation]] [[David A. Whelan]].


==References==
==References==
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{{NASA Astronaut Group 16}}
{{NASA Astronaut Group 16}}
{{U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame}}
{{Underwater diving|unddiv}}
{{Underwater diving|unddiv}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Amateur radio people]]
[[Category:Amateur radio people]]
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[[Category:American astronauts]]
[[Category:Aquanauts]]
[[Category:Aquanauts]]
[[Category:Crew members of the International Space Station]]
[[Category:Crew members of the International Space Station]]
[[Category:Women astronauts]]
[[Category:American women astronauts]]
[[Category:Georgia Tech alumni]]
[[Category:Georgia Tech alumni]]
[[Category:Missouri University of Science and Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Missouri University of Science and Technology alumni]]
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[[Category:American electrical engineers]]
[[Category:American electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Engineers from Illinois]]
[[Category:Engineers from Illinois]]
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[[Category:21st-century American women]]
[[Category:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees]]

Latest revision as of 06:36, 23 June 2024

Sandra Magnus
Magnus in 2011
Born (1964-10-30) October 30, 1964 (age 59)
Belleville, Illinois, U.S.
EducationMissouri University of Science and Technology (BS)
Georgia Institute of Technology (MS, PhD)
Space career
NASA astronaut
Time in space
157d 8h 42m[1]
SelectionNASA Group 16 (1996)
MissionsSTS-112
STS-126/119 (Expedition 18)
STS-135
Mission insignia
Scientific career
FieldsMaterials science
ThesisAn Investigation of the Relationship between the Thermochemistry and Emission Behavior of Thermionic Cathodes Based on the BaO-Sc₂O₃-WO₃ Ternary System (1996)
Doctoral advisorNorman Hill
Signature

Sandra Hall Magnus (born October 30, 1964) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut.[2] She flew to space three times, as mission specialist on STS-112, as ISS crewmember during Expedition 18 and as mission specialist on STS-135. She is also a licensed amateur radio operator with the call sign KE5FYE. From 2012 until 2018 Magnus was the executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

Biography[edit]

Early life and education[edit]

Magnus was born and raised in Belleville, Illinois. She earned degrees in physics and electrical engineering from the University of Missouri–Rolla (now known as the Missouri University of Science and Technology) before earning a PhD in materials science and engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1996. Research for her dissertation, entitled "An Investigation of the relationship between the thermochemistry and emission behavior of thermionic cathodes based on the BaO-Sc2O3-WO3 ternary system," was supported by a fellowship from the NASA Lewis Research Center.[3]

Engineering career[edit]

During the 1980s, Magnus worked on stealth aircraft design as an engineer for McDonnell Douglas. She worked on the propulsion system for the A-12 Avenger II until the project was canceled by the Navy in 1991.[2]

NASA career[edit]

Sandra Magnus, STS-119 mission specialist, exercises on the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS) in the Destiny laboratory.

Magnus was selected as an astronaut candidate in 1996. Following training for two years from January 1997 until May 1998, Magnus was assigned to the Payloads/Habitability branch in the Astronaut office. Her work included coordinating with the European Space Agency and the Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and Brazil. In May 1998 she was assigned to work in Russia supporting payload hardware development and testing. In 2000 she was CAPCOM for the International Space Station.[2]

STS-112[edit]

She flew her first space mission, STS-112, in October 2002 as a mission specialist. The main objective of Space Shuttle Atlantis' mission was the installation of the S1 truss section on the International Space Station (ISS) and consumables delivery. Magnus operated the space station's robotic arm during the three spacewalks required to install and activate the S1 truss. The flight duration was 10 days 19 hours 58 minutes and 44 seconds.[1]

Survival training[edit]

From January 29–31, 2006, together with Oleg Artemiev and Michael Barratt, Magnus took part in a two-day examination for the ability to survive in an uninhabited area in case of the Soyuz descent module making an emergency landing. She passed this examination in the forest near Moscow.[4]

NEEMO 11[edit]

From September 16–22, 2006, Magnus served as the commander of NASA's NEEMO 11 mission, an undersea expedition at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Aquarius laboratory located off the coast of Florida. With fellow astronaut/aquanauts Timothy Kopra, Robert Behnken and Timothy Creamer, all of whom were training for possible assignment to missions to the International Space Station, Magnus imitated moonwalks, tested concepts for mobility using various spacesuit configurations and weights to simulate lunar gravity. Techniques for communication, navigation, geological sample retrieval, construction and using remote-controlled robots on the Moon's surface also were tested. National Undersea Research Center support crew members Larry Ward and Roger Garcia provided engineering support inside the habitat.[5]

Expedition 18[edit]

Magnus served as flight engineer on board the International Space Station as part of Expedition 18.[2] Magnus was a mission specialist on STS-126 for the trip to the station, which launched on November 14, 2008. She served as mission specialist on STS-119 when it returned on March 28, 2009.[2] She logged 133 days in orbit and received warm greetings from NASA on her return. Her replacement, JAXA astronaut Koichi Wakata, was launched aboard Discovery on March 15, 2009.[6]

STS-135[edit]

Magnus in the Cupola aboard the International Space Station during STS-135.

On September 14, 2010, NASA announced Magnus to be one of four astronauts assigned to the STS-135 "launch on need" crew that was, if needed, to fly a rescue mission for STS-134, which was originally the last scheduled shuttle flight.[7] Other members assigned to that crew were commander Christopher Ferguson, pilot Douglas G. Hurley, and fellow mission specialist Rex J. Walheim. In January 2011, NASA added STS-135 to the manifest as the final Space Shuttle mission, scheduled to launch in July 2011; STS-134 was conducted successfully in May 2011, requiring no rescue flight. The mission launched successfully on 8 July 2011 and landed on July 21.

In September 2012, Magnus became deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office.

After NASA[edit]

In October 2012, Magnus left NASA Astronaut corps to become the executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).[8] She was the executive director until January 2018.[9]

From 2018 to 2019, Magnus was a principal at AstroPlanetView. In 2019, she became the deputy director for Engineering within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering,[10] serving under former NASA Administrator Michael Griffin.

On February 9, 2021, Virgin Galactic announced that Magnus would be joining their Space Advisory Board to help "provide advice to senior management as the company moves forward to open space for the benefit of all."[11] Magnus will be joined by former astronaut Chris Hadfield and Chief Scientist of Cubic Corporation David A. Whelan.

References[edit]

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  1. ^ a b Becker, Joachim. "Astronauts and Cosmonauts (sorted by "Time in Sace")". www.spacefacts.de.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Sandra H. Magnus (Ph.D.) NASA Astronaut" (PDF). NASA. NASA. October 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  3. ^ Magnus, Sandra (May 1996). "An Investigation of the relationship between the thermochemistry and emission behavior of thermionic cathodes based on the BaO-Sc2O3-WO3 ternary system". SMARTech. Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
  4. ^ "Future cosmonauts learn to survive in freezing weather in the Moscow forests". RuSpace. January 27, 2006. Retrieved April 30, 2011.
  5. ^ "NEEMO 11". NASA. September 2006. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  6. ^ "Shuttle lands in Florida, ending 13-day voyage". AP. 2009-03-28. Archived from the original on March 31, 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
  7. ^ NASA (September 14, 2010). "NASA Assigns Crew for Final Launch on Need Shuttle Mission". Retrieved September 14, 2010.
  8. ^ "AIAA Announces Sandra H. Magnus as Executive Director". September 19, 2012.
  9. ^ "Dr. Sandra H. Magnus Executive Director Emeritus". AIAA. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  10. ^ "Sandra H. Magnus, Ph.D." U.S. Dept of Defense. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  11. ^ "Virgin Galactic Launches Space Advisory Board". Virgin Galactic. Retrieved 13 February 2021.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sandra Magnus.
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