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{{short description|Extreme sport of mountain running above 2,000 metres}}
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[[File:SkyRace.jpg|thumb|220 px|A face of a [[SkyRace]]]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
'''Skyrunning''' is an [[extreme sport]] of [[fell running|mountain running]] above {{convert|2000|m|ft}} where the incline exceeds 30% and the climbing difficulty does not exceed II° grade. The governing body is the International Skyrunning Federation. The sport comprises a number of different disciplines from the short, steep Vertical Kilometer to the more popular SkyRace and SkyMarathon. Ultra SkyMarathons are becoming increasingly popular as are short vertical SkySpeed races which include [[Tower running|skyscraper racing]].
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[[File:SkyRace.jpg|thumb|220 px|A sky runner.]]
'''Skyrunning''' is a sport of mountain running above {{convert|2000|m|ft}} where the minimum average incline is 6% over the total distance and at least 5% has an incline of 30% or more.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Olivia |date=25 July 2019 |title=What in the World is Skyrunning? |url=https://www.rei.com/blog/run/what-in-the-world-is-skyrunning |access-date=28 June 2023}}</ref> The climbing difficulty does not exceed II grade [[UIAA]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-23 |title=What Is Skyrunning? A Guide To Racing The Mountains |url=https://marathonhandbook.com/what-is-skyrunning/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Poles, crampons, and hands may be used to aid progress. The governing body is the [[International Skyrunning Federation]].

The sport comprises a number of different disciplines from the short, steep Vertical Kilometer to the more popular SkyRace and SkyMarathon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gastautor |date=2019-02-06 |title=What is skyrunning? |url=https://www.alpinetrek.co.uk/blog/what-is-skyrunning/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Alpinetrek |language=en-US}}</ref> Ultra SkyMarathons are becoming increasingly popular as are short vertical SkySpeed races which include [[Tower running|skyscraper racing]].


== History ==
== History ==
The idea of skyrunning came from Italian mountaineer [[Marino Giacometti]] and a handful of fellow climbers. They pioneered races on [[Mont Blanc]] and [[Monte Rosa]] in the early 1990s.<ref name="history">{{cite web| url=http://www.skyrunning.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=108&Itemid=105 | title=History| publisher=International Skyrunning Federation| accessdate=2 October 2013}}</ref> Just months later, with the support of the Fila sportswear company, skyrunning took off across the world's mountain ranges reaching from the Alps to the [[Himalayas]], to [[Mount Kenya]] and the Mexican volcanoes.
The idea of skyrunning came from Italian mountaineer Marino Giacometti and a handful of fellow climbers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-17 |title=A beginners' guide to skyrunning – everything you need to know to get started |url=https://www.runnersworld.com/uk/training/a45555666/skyrunning/ |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=Runner's World |language=en-GB}}</ref> They pioneered races on [[Mont Blanc]] and [[Monte Rosa]] in the early 1990s.<ref name="history">{{cite web| url=https://www.skyrunning.com/history/ | title=History| publisher=International Skyrunning Federation| access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In 1993, with the support of the Fila sportswear company, skyrunning took off across the world's mountain ranges reaching from the Alps to the [[Himalayas]], to [[Mount Kenya]] and the Mexican volcanoes.


In 1995, the Federation for Sport at Altitude was founded to address the need for rules to govern the sport and generally manage this fast-growing discipline, which today counts some 200 races worldwide with around 50,000 participants from 65 countries.<ref name="history" />
In 1995, the Federation for Sport at Altitude (FSA) was founded to address the need for rules to govern the sport and generally manage this fast-growing discipline, which today counts some 200 races worldwide with around 50,000 participants from 65 countries.<ref name="history" />


The first 10 years of skyrunning history was spent studying the limits of human performance at high altitudes. This was done through the Peak Performance Project, coordinated by Dr. Giulio Sergio Roi, which involved several researchers and has led to the publication of numerous scientific articles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skyrunningitalia.it/pages/Storia|title=Federazione Italiana Skyrunning| access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>
The FSA was responsible for an ongoing scientific research project, probably the only studies of their kind on athletes at altitude and in the laboratory.{{cn|date=February 2018}}


==International Skyrunning Federation==
==International Skyrunning Federation==
{{Main|International Skyrunning Federation}}
{{Main|International Skyrunning Federation}}
Today, the sport is managed by the [[International Skyrunning Federation]], formed in 2008 by the board and members of the FSA and founding nations. The principal aims of the ISF are the direction, regulation, promotion, development and furtherance of skyrunning and similar multisport activities on a worldwide basis. ISF sanctions the [[Skyrunner World Series]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.verticalrunning.org/3skl/vortal/vistasrl/index.jsp?id_lingua=0&id_struttura=104&idManifestazione=4&opzione=Doc&idDocumento=49&pos=-1&figlio=-1&PGTitle=VWC+Team&anteprima=-1| title=Circuit Development Team| publisher=Vertical Running| accessdate=8 January 2012}}</ref>
Today, the sport is managed by the [[International Skyrunning Federation]], formed in 2008<ref name=":0" /> by the board and members of the FSA and founding nations. The principal aims of the ISF are the direction, regulation, promotion, development, and furtherance of skyrunning and similar multisport activities on a worldwide basis. ISF sanctions the [[Skyrunner World Series]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.skyrunnerworldseries.com/about/| title=About the Series| publisher=SkyRunner World Series| access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>


==Skyrunning races==
==Skyrunning disciplines==
The three main disciplines are Sky, SkyUltra, and Vertical.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyrunning.com/rules/|title=International Skyrunning Federation Rules|publisher=skyrunning.com|access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> Those are the disciplines contested at the [[Skyrunning World Championships]] and Skyrunning Continental Championships. More disciplines are under the ISF regulations:
{{see also|SkyRace|SkyMarathon|Ultra SkyMarathon|Sky Extreme|Vertical Kilometer}}
There are three main disciplines at the [[Skyrunning World Championships|world championships]] - Sky, Ultra, and Vertical.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyrunning.com/rules/|title=International Skyrunning Federation Rules|publisher=skyrunning.com|accessdate=4 November 2017}}</ref>
{{legend|PaleGreen|Races of [[Skyrunning World Championships]] and [[Skyrunner World Series]]}}
{{legend|Moccasin|Race introduced in [[2016 Skyrunner World Series]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyrunnerworldseries.com/rules/|title=Rules - Migu Run Skyrunner® World Series|publisher=skyrunnerworldseries.com|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref>}}
{| class="wikitable" width=50% style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" width=50% style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
|-
!Race!!Distance (range)!!Vertical climb (minimum) !!Finish winner time (range)
!Discipline!!Distance!!Vertical climb (minimum) !!Extra info
|-bgcolor=palegreen
|[[SkyRace|Sky]] || 20 / 49 km || 1,300 m || -
|-bgcolor=palegreen
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|[[Ultra SkyMarathon|Ultra]] || 50 / 99 km || 3,200 m || over 5 up to 16 hours
|-bgcolor=moccasin
|[[Sky Extreme|Extreme]] || over 50 km || 4,000 m || over 6 up to 10 hours
|-
|-
|[[SkyMarathon|Sky Marathon]] || 30 / 49 km || 2,000 m || over 3 up to 5 hours
|[[SkyRace|Sky]] || 20&ndash;49 km || 1,200 m || -
|-
|-
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|[[Ultra SkyMarathon|SkyUltra]] || 50&ndash;99 km || 3,000 m || under 16 hours finishing time
!Race!!Distance (maximum)!!colspan=2|Incline
|-
|-
|[[Vertical Kilometer|Vertical]] || max 5 km || 1,000 m || minimum average incline must be 20% and 5% of the total distance must be over 33%; double or triple Vertical are also considered
|-bgcolor=palegreen
|-
|[[Vertical Kilometer|Vertical]] || 5 km ||colspan=2| 20% (some sections over 33%)
|[[SkySpeed]] || max 500 m || 100 m || minimum of 33% incline
|-
|[[Stair Climbing]] || - || 100 m || races with an incline of over 45% on stairs indoors or outdoors
|}
|}
<!-- old descrptions
;Vertical Kilometer
Race up 1000 m vertical [[climbing (sport)|climb]] over variable terrain with an important incline.
;SkyMarathon
Race over a distance of 30 km, under five hours of the winner time (minimun 2000 m vertical climb). Is admitted a tolerance of the 5% of the parametres.
;Ultra SkyMarathon
Like a SkyMarathon race with 5% more, over 50 km and time of winner over the 5 hours (minimun 2500 m vertical climb). Is admitted a tolerance of the 5% of the parametres.
-->


==Skyrunning competitions==
==Skyrunning competitions==
{{See also|Skyrunning World Championships|Skyrunning European Championships|Skyrunner World Series}}
{{See also|Skyrunning World Championships|Skyrunning European Championships|Skyrunner World Series}}


;[[Skyrunning World Championships]]
;* [[Skyrunning World Championships]]
Annual [[world championship]].
Annual [[world championship]].


;[[Skyrunning European Championships]]
* [[Skyrunning European Championships]]
Annual [[European championship]].
Annual [[European championship]].


;[[Skyrunner World Series]]
;* [[Skyrunner World Series]]
Annual [[world cup]], such as the [[alpine skiing world cup]], reviews multiple races in the various disciplines and awards both cups of skill and an overall cup.
Annual [[world cup]], launched in 2004, has grown to represent the peak of outdoor running defined by a vertical climb, altitude, and technical difficulty.


* [[VK Open Championships]]
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==References==
Annual cup to promote the Vertical discipline and highlight the Vertical Kilometer® skyrunning discipline.
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{{Reflist}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Mountain running]]
* [[Mountain running]]
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* [[Mountaineering]]
* [[Trail running]]
* [[Trail running]]
* [[Ultramarathon]]
* [[Ultramarathon]]

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* [[Mountaineering]]
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==References==
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{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Skyrunning| ]]
[[Category:Skyrunning| ]]
[[Category:Running by type]]
[[Category:Running by type]]
[[Category:Mountaineering]]
[[Category:Types of mountaineering]]
[[Category:Long-distance running]]
[[Category:Long-distance running]]

Latest revision as of 17:31, 23 July 2024

A sky runner.

Skyrunning is a sport of mountain running above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where the minimum average incline is 6% over the total distance and at least 5% has an incline of 30% or more.[1] The climbing difficulty does not exceed II grade UIAA.[2] Poles, crampons, and hands may be used to aid progress. The governing body is the International Skyrunning Federation.

The sport comprises a number of different disciplines from the short, steep Vertical Kilometer to the more popular SkyRace and SkyMarathon.[3] Ultra SkyMarathons are becoming increasingly popular as are short vertical SkySpeed races which include skyscraper racing.

History

[edit]

The idea of skyrunning came from Italian mountaineer Marino Giacometti and a handful of fellow climbers.[4] They pioneered races on Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa in the early 1990s.[5][4] In 1993, with the support of the Fila sportswear company, skyrunning took off across the world's mountain ranges reaching from the Alps to the Himalayas, to Mount Kenya and the Mexican volcanoes.

In 1995, the Federation for Sport at Altitude (FSA) was founded to address the need for rules to govern the sport and generally manage this fast-growing discipline, which today counts some 200 races worldwide with around 50,000 participants from 65 countries.[5]

The first 10 years of skyrunning history was spent studying the limits of human performance at high altitudes. This was done through the Peak Performance Project, coordinated by Dr. Giulio Sergio Roi, which involved several researchers and has led to the publication of numerous scientific articles.[6]

International Skyrunning Federation

[edit]
Main article: International Skyrunning Federation

Today, the sport is managed by the International Skyrunning Federation, formed in 2008[4] by the board and members of the FSA and founding nations. The principal aims of the ISF are the direction, regulation, promotion, development, and furtherance of skyrunning and similar multisport activities on a worldwide basis. ISF sanctions the Skyrunner World Series.[7]

Skyrunning disciplines

[edit]

The three main disciplines are Sky, SkyUltra, and Vertical.[8] Those are the disciplines contested at the Skyrunning World Championships and Skyrunning Continental Championships. More disciplines are under the ISF regulations:

Discipline Distance Vertical climb (minimum) Extra info
Sky 20–49 km 1,200 m -
SkyUltra 50–99 km 3,000 m under 16 hours finishing time
Vertical max 5 km 1,000 m minimum average incline must be 20% and 5% of the total distance must be over 33%; double or triple Vertical are also considered
SkySpeed max 500 m 100 m minimum of 33% incline
Stair Climbing - 100 m races with an incline of over 45% on stairs indoors or outdoors

Skyrunning competitions

[edit]
See also: Skyrunning World Championships, Skyrunning European Championships, and Skyrunner World Series

Annual world championship.

Annual European championship.

Annual world cup, launched in 2004, has grown to represent the peak of outdoor running defined by a vertical climb, altitude, and technical difficulty.

Annual cup to promote the Vertical discipline and highlight the Vertical Kilometer® skyrunning discipline.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dwyer, Olivia (25 July 2019). "What in the World is Skyrunning?". Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  2. ^ "What Is Skyrunning? A Guide To Racing The Mountains". 23 August 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  3. ^ Gastautor (6 February 2019). "What is skyrunning?". Alpinetrek. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "A beginners' guide to skyrunning – everything you need to know to get started". Runner's World. 17 October 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  5. ^ a b "History". International Skyrunning Federation. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  6. ^ "Federazione Italiana Skyrunning". Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  7. ^ "About the Series". SkyRunner World Series. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  8. ^ "International Skyrunning Federation Rules". skyrunning.com. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
[edit]
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