Spondyliosoma: Difference between revisions
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|taxon = Spondyliosoma |
|taxon = Spondyliosoma |
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|image_alt = Photograph of the side of the fish. It is lying on sand |
|image_alt = Photograph of the side of the fish. It is lying on sand |
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|authority = Cantor, 1849 |
|authority = [[Theodore Cantor|Cantor]], 1849 |
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| type_species = ''Sparus cantharus'' |
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| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Sparidae|access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> |
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| synonyms = {{Genus list |
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| Cantharus | [[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1816 |
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| Cantharusa | [[Embrik Strand|Strand]], 1928 |
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}} |
}} |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name = CofF/> |
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}} |
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'''''Spondyliosoma''''' is a genus of marine [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Sparidae]], which includes the seabreams and porgies. The genus contains two species, one, the black seabream, from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the other, the steentjie seabream, from the western Indian Ocean. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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''Spondyliosoma'' was first proposed as a genus in 1849 by the Danish [[zoologist]] [[Theodore Cantor]] with ''Sparus cantharus'' being the [[type species]]. Cantor proposed the new name to replace [[Georges Cuvier]]'s ''Cantharus'' which was preoccupied by ''[[Cantharus (gastropod)|Cantharus]]'' [[Peter Friedrich Röding|Röding]], 1798 in [[Mollusca]] and by ''Cantharus'' [[Pierre Denys de Montfort|Monfort]], 1808 in [[Foraminifera]].<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Sparidae|access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> The type species of Cuvier's ''Cantharus'' was ''Sparus cantharus'' by [[monotypy]], Linnaeus had described ''S. cantharus'' in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'']] published in 1758, with its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name = CofF/> This genus in the family Sparidae within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Spariformes]] by the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]''.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502–506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae,<ref name = Parenti>{{cite journal |author= Parenti, P. |year=2019 |title=An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae |journal=FishTaxa |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=47–98 |url= https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52}}</ref> but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<ref name = Nelson5/> |
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==Etymology== |
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''Spondyliosoma'' means "spindle body", a name Cantor did not explain and it is not obvious why he gave the taxon this name.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/acanthuriformes6/ |title=Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |date=12 January 2024 |access-date=21 February 2024 |author=Christopher Scharpf |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref> |
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==Species== |
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''Spondyliosoma'' contains 2 valid species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Spondyliosoma|month=October|year=2023}}</ref> |
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==Characteristics== |
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'''''Spondyliosoma''''' is a genus of [[fish]] belonging to the family [[Sparidae]].<ref name="GBIF">{{cite web |title=Spondyliosoma Cantor, 1849 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2392351 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=1 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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''Spondyliosoma'' seabreams are characterised by the possession of 4 to 6 rows of thin, sharp [[incisor]]s in the front of both jaws. The juveniles have a row of conical teeth behind the incisors and these develop into [[Molar (tooth)|molar]]-like teeth in adults. The diameter of the eye is slightly smaller than the length of the snout. There are no scales on the [[dorsal fin|dorsal]] and [[anal fin]]s but the soft-rayed parts of these fins have scaly sheaths at their bases.<ref name = WIOF>{{cite book |author=Yukio Iwatsuki |author2=Phillip C Heemstra |name-list-style=and |chapter=Family Sparidae |pages=284–315 |title=Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean |volume=3 |editor1=[[Phil Heemstra|Phillip C Heemstra]] |editor2=Elaine Heemstra |editor3=David A Ebert |editor4=Wouter Holleman |editor5=[[John Ernest Randall|John E Randall]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-990951-32-9 |publisher=South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity |url=https://saiab.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1._wiof_volume_3_text.pdf}}</ref> The larger of the 2 species in the genus is the black seabream (''S. cantharus'') with a maximum published [[standard length]] of {{cvt|60|cm}} while the steentjie seabream (''S. emarginatum'') has a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|45|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/> |
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==Distribution== |
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The genus has almost [[cosmopolitan distribution]].<ref name="GBIF" /> |
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''Spondyliosoma'' seabreams have parapatric distributions with the black seabream having a wide range encompassing the eastern Atlantic Ocean between Scandinavia and Namibia,<ref name = Fishbase2>{{FishBase|Spondyliosoma|cantharus|month=October|year=2023}}</ref> including the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The steentjie seabream is found in the southwstern Indian Ocean off South Africa and Madagascar.<ref name = Fishbase3>{{FishBase|Spondyliosoma|emarginatus|month=October|year=2023}}</ref> |
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==Fisheries== |
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Species:<ref name="GBIF" /> |
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''Spondyliosoma'' seabreams are of interest to fisheries, particularly the black seabream which is an important food fish targeted by both commercial and recreational fisheries in Europe.<ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Russell, B. |author2=Pollard, D. |name-list-style=& |author3=Carpenter, K.E. |author3-link=Kent E. Carpenter |year=2014 |title=''Spondyliosoma cantharus'' |page=e.T170258A1303321 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170258A1303321.en |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Sparidae]] |
[[Category:Sparidae]] |
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[[Category:Spondyliosoma| ]] |
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[[Category:Ray-finned fish genera]] |
[[Category:Ray-finned fish genera]] |
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[[Category:Spariform fish genera]] |
[[Category:Spariform fish genera]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:58, 14 June 2024
| Spondyliosoma | |
|---|---|
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| Spondyliosoma cantharus is a species in this genus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Spondyliosoma Cantor, 1849 |
| Type species | |
| Sparus cantharus | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Spondyliosoma is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The genus contains two species, one, the black seabream, from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the other, the steentjie seabream, from the western Indian Ocean.
Taxonomy
[edit]Spondyliosoma was first proposed as a genus in 1849 by the Danish zoologist Theodore Cantor with Sparus cantharus being the type species. Cantor proposed the new name to replace Georges Cuvier's Cantharus which was preoccupied by Cantharus Röding, 1798 in Mollusca and by Cantharus Monfort, 1808 in Foraminifera.[1] The type species of Cuvier's Cantharus was Sparus cantharus by monotypy, Linnaeus had described S. cantharus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae published in 1758, with its type locality given as the Mediterranean Sea.[1] This genus in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[2] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae,[3] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[2]
Etymology
[edit]Spondyliosoma means "spindle body", a name Cantor did not explain and it is not obvious why he gave the taxon this name.[4]
Species
[edit]Spondyliosoma contains 2 valid species:[5]
- Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Black seabream)
- Spondyliosoma emarginatum Valenciennes, 1830 (Steentjie seabream)
Characteristics
[edit]Spondyliosoma seabreams are characterised by the possession of 4 to 6 rows of thin, sharp incisors in the front of both jaws. The juveniles have a row of conical teeth behind the incisors and these develop into molar-like teeth in adults. The diameter of the eye is slightly smaller than the length of the snout. There are no scales on the dorsal and anal fins but the soft-rayed parts of these fins have scaly sheaths at their bases.[6] The larger of the 2 species in the genus is the black seabream (S. cantharus) with a maximum published standard length of 60 cm (24 in) while the steentjie seabream (S. emarginatum) has a maximum published total length of 45 cm (18 in).[5]
Distribution
[edit]Spondyliosoma seabreams have parapatric distributions with the black seabream having a wide range encompassing the eastern Atlantic Ocean between Scandinavia and Namibia,[7] including the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The steentjie seabream is found in the southwstern Indian Ocean off South Africa and Madagascar.[8]
Fisheries
[edit]Spondyliosoma seabreams are of interest to fisheries, particularly the black seabream which is an important food fish targeted by both commercial and recreational fisheries in Europe.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ a b Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (12 January 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Spondyliosoma". FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Spondyliosoma cantharus". FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Spondyliosoma emarginatus". FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ Russell, B.; Pollard, D. & Carpenter, K.E. (2014). "Spondyliosoma cantharus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170258A1303321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170258A1303321.en. Retrieved 21 February 2024.