Editing Turkification
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In the late 19th century, while "Turk" was still a pejorative for poor [[Yörüks|Yörük]]-[[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]] farmers and pastoralists of ignoble origins, European ideas of nationalism were adopted by the Ottoman elite, and when it became clear that the local Turkish-speakers of Anatolia were the most loyal supporters of Ottoman rule, the term ''Türk'' took on a much more positive connotation.{{sfn|Kushner|1997|pp=220-221}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Çetin |first=Berfin Emre Çetin |title=The Paramilitary Hero on Turkish Television: A Case Study on Valley of the Wolves |publisher= Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2015 |isbn=978-1443875233 |page=31}}</ref> |
In the late 19th century, while "Turk" was still a pejorative for poor [[Yörüks|Yörük]]-[[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]] farmers and pastoralists of ignoble origins, European ideas of nationalism were adopted by the Ottoman elite, and when it became clear that the local Turkish-speakers of Anatolia were the most loyal supporters of Ottoman rule, the term ''Türk'' took on a much more positive connotation.{{sfn|Kushner|1997|pp=220-221}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Çetin |first=Berfin Emre Çetin |title=The Paramilitary Hero on Turkish Television: A Case Study on Valley of the Wolves |publisher= Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2015 |isbn=978-1443875233 |page=31}}</ref> |
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The imprecision of the appellation ''Türk'' can also be seen with other ethnic names, such as ''Kürt'', which is often applied by western Anatolians to anyone east of Adana, even those who speak only Turkish.{{sfn|Meeker|1971|p=322}} |
The imprecision of the appellation ''Türk'' can also be seen with other ethnic names, such as ''Kürt'', which is often applied by western Anatolians to anyone east of Adana, even those who speak only Turkish.{{sfn|Meeker|1971|p=322}} On the other hand, Kurdish-speaking or Arabic-speaking Sunnis of eastern Anatolia are often considered to be Turks.{{sfn|Meeker|1971|p=323}}{{verification needed|date=May 2020}} |
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Thus, the category ''Türk'', like other ethnic categories popularly used in Turkey, does not have a uniform usage. In recent years, centrist Turkish politicians have attempted to redefine this category in a more multicultural way, emphasizing that a ''Türk'' is anyone who is a citizen of the Republic of Turkey.{{sfn|Kushner|1997|p=230}} After 1982, article 66 of the [[Turkish Constitution]] defines a "''Turk''" as anyone who is "bound to the Turkish state through the bond of [[citizenship]]".{{sfn|Bayir|2016|p=144}} |
Thus, the category ''Türk'', like other ethnic categories popularly used in Turkey, does not have a uniform usage. In recent years, centrist Turkish politicians have attempted to redefine this category in a more multicultural way, emphasizing that a ''Türk'' is anyone who is a citizen of the Republic of Turkey.{{sfn|Kushner|1997|p=230}} After 1982, article 66 of the [[Turkish Constitution]] defines a "''Turk''" as anyone who is "bound to the Turkish state through the bond of [[citizenship]]".{{sfn|Bayir|2016|p=144}} |