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{{Short description|Organization that provides telephone and/or other telecommunications service}}
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[[File:Bell Edison Telephone Building.jpg|thumb|340px|The '''Edison Bell Telephone Company''' building of 1896 in Birmingham, England]]


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[[File:Bell Edison Telephone Building.jpg|thumb|280px|The '''Edison Bell Telephone Company''' building of 1896 in [[Birmingham]], England]]
A '''telephone company''' (also known as a '''telco''', '''telecommunications operator''', '''[[communications service provider]]''', or '''CSP''') is a [[service provider]] of [[telecommunications]] services such as [[telephony]] and [[data communication]]s access. Many were at one time nationalized or state-regulated [[monopoly|monopolies]]. These monopolies are often referred to, primarily in Europe, as [[Postal Telegraph and Telephone]]s (PTTs).


A '''telephone company'''{{efn|Abbreviated as '''telco'''. Alternative names include '''telephone service provider''',<ref>[http://www.fcc.gov/guides/portability-keeping-your-phone-number-when-changing-service-providers Operability: Keeping Your Telephone Number When You Change Service Provider]. FCC.gov. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.</ref> '''telecommunications company''' or '''telecommunications operator'''.}} is a kind of electronic communications service provider, more precisely a '''telecommunications service provider''' (TSP), that provides [[telecommunications]] services such as [[telephony]] and [[data communication]]s access. Many traditional solely telephone companies now function as [[internet service provider]]s (ISPs), and the distinction between a telephone company and ISP has tended to disappear completely over time, as the current trend for [[supplier convergence]] in the industry developes.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=13BYDd8v-DUC|title=Policy-Making and Diversity in Europe: Escape from Deadlock|last1=Héritier|first1=Adrienne|last2=Windhoff-Héritier|first2=Adrienne|date=1999-11-28|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521653848|language=en}}</ref> Additionally, with advances in technology development, other traditional separate industries such as cable television, [[VoIP phone|Voice-over IP (VoIP)]], and satellite providers offer similar competing features as the telephone companies to both residential and businesses leading to further evolution of corporate identity have taken shape.
Telephone companies are [[common carrier]]s, and in the [[United States]] are also called [[Local Exchange Carrier]]s (LECs). With the advent of [[cellular telephony]], telephone companies now include [[wireless carrier]]s, or [[mobile network operator]]s.


Due to the nature of [[capital (economics)|capital expenditure]] involved in the past, most telecoms were [[government-owned company|government owned]] agencies or privately-owned [[monopoly|monopolies]] operated in most countries under close state-regulations. But today there are many private players in most regions of the world, and even most of the government owned companies have been opened up to competition in-line with World Trade Organization (WTO) policy agenda. Historically these government agencies were often referred to, primarily in Europe, as PTTs ([[postal, telegraph and telephone service]]s).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sandholtz|first=Wayne|date=1993-01-01|title=Institutions and Collective Action: The New Telecommunications in Western Europe|journal=World Politics|volume=45|issue=2|pages=242–270|doi=10.2307/2950659|jstor=2950659|issn=1086-3338}}</ref> Telephone companies are [[common carrier]]s, and in the [[United States]] are also known as [[local exchange carrier]]s. With the advent of [[mobile telephony]], telephone companies now include [[wireless carrier]]s, or [[mobile network operator]]s and even satellite providers ([[Iridium Communications|Iridium]]).
Most telephone companies now also function as [[internet service provider]]s (ISPs), and the distinction between a telephone company and an ISP may disappear completely over time, as the current trend for [[supplier convergence]] in the industry continues.


Over time [[Communication software|software companies]] have also evolved to perform telephone services such as: [[Net2Phone]], [[WhatsApp]], and others.
== Popular culture ==


==History==
⚫
* [[Comedian]] [[Lily Tomlin]] frequently satirized the telephone industry (and the country's then-dominant [[Bell System]] in particular) with a [[sketch comedy|skit]] playing the [[telephone operator]] Ernestine. Ernestine, who became one of Tomlin's trademark characters, was perhaps most famous for the following line: ''"We don't care; we don't have to. We're the phone company."''
In 1913, the [[Kingsbury Commitment]] allowed more than 20,000 independent telephone companies in the United States to use the long distance trunks of [[Bell Telephone Company]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.greensboro.com/life/this-day-in-history/article_9dad6eb5-887c-5f27-aaf0-a71a22c7ce6b.html|title=This day in history|work=[[News & Record]]|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MZFAQAAMAAJ|title=Abstracts of Reports of Corporations|last=Commission|first=New York (State) Public Service|date=1916|language=en}}</ref>
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* In the satirical 1967 film ''[[The President's Analyst]]'', "TPC, The Phone Company," is depicted as plotting to enslave humanity by replacing [[landline]]s with [[cell phone]]s.


== See also ==
==Popular culture==
⚫
* [[Comedian]] [[Lily Tomlin]] frequently satirized the telephone industry (and the country's then-dominant [[Bell System]] in particular) with a [[sketch comedy|skit]] playing the [[Switchboard operator|telephone operator]] Ernestine. Ernestine, who became one of Tomlin's trademark characters, was perhaps most famous for the following line: ''"We don't care; we don't have to. We're the phone company."''
⚫
* In the satirical 1967 film ''[[The President's Analyst]]'', The Phone Company (TPC) is depicted as plotting to enslave humanity by replacing [[landline]]s with brain-implanted [[mobile phone]]s.
* In the 1988 video game ''[[Zak McKracken and the Alien Mindbenders]]'', The Phone Company (TPC) was used by the Caponian aliens to secretly reduce the intelligence of humans.


==See also==
{{colbegin|2}}
{{Div col}}
* [[Bell Telephone Company]], forerunner of AT&T in the U.S.
* [[Bell Telephone Company]], forerunner of AT&T in the U.S.
* [[ITSP|Internet Telephony Service Provider (ITSP)]]
* [[Internet telephony service provider]]
* [[CLEC|Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC)]] (in the U.S.)
* [[Competitive local exchange carrier]] (in Canada and the U.S.)
* [[Communications Service Provider]]
* [[Communications service provider]]
* [[History of the telephone]]
* [[History of the telephone]]
* [[ILEC|Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC)]] (of the Bell System)
* [[Incumbent local exchange carrier]] (of the Bell System)
* [[Individual communication services and tariffs]]
* [[List of telephone operating companies]]
* [[List of telephone operating companies]]
* [[List of mobile network operators]]
* [[List of mobile network operators]]
* [[Mobile network operator]]
* [[Mobile network operator]]
* [[Plain old telephone service]] (POTS)
* [[PSTN|Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)]]
* [[Public switched telephone network]]
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* [[RBOC|Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC)]] (in the U.S.)
* [[Telecommunications Industry Association]] (for the development of U.S. telecom standards)
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* [[Regional Bell Operating Company]] (in the U.S.)
* [[Service provider]]
* [[Service provider]]
* {{portal-inline|Companies}}
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* [[Telecommunications Service Provider]]
* {{portal-inline|Telephones}}
* [[The Phone Company]], free, non-commercial email-to-fax service
{{div col end}}
* [[VoIP|Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)]]
{{colend}}


== References ==
== References and notes ==
;Notes
{{Notelist}}
;Citations
{{Reflist}}


<references/>
;Bibliography
;Bibliography
* Huurdeman, Anton A. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=SnjGRDVIUL4C The Worldwide History Of Telecommunications], Wiley-IEEE, 2003, ISBN 0471205052, ISBN 9780471205050
* Huurdeman, Anton A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=SnjGRDVIUL4C The Worldwide History Of Telecommunications], Wiley-IEEE, 2003, {{ISBN|0-471-20505-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-471-20505-0}}


== External links ==
==External links==
* [http://www.villagetelco.org/ Village Telco] – site about microtelcos

*[http://www.villagetelco.org/ Village Telco] - site about microtelcos
* [http://www.true-telecom.com/ Business Telecoms Company] – site about business broadband


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{{Telecommunications}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Telephone Company}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Telephone Company}}


[[Category:Telecommunications companies| ]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies| ]]
[[Category:Public utilities]]

[[ar:شركة الهاتف]]
[[de:Telefongesellschaft]]
[[fr:Opérateur de télécommunications]]
[[ja:電気通信事業者]]
[[ru:Оператор связи]]
[[fi:Teleoperaattori]]
[[sv:Teleoperatör]]
[[uk:Оператор телекомунікацій]]
[[zh:電訊公司]]

Latest revision as of 03:56, 18 April 2024

The Edison Bell Telephone Company building of 1896 in Birmingham, England

A telephone company[a] is a kind of electronic communications service provider, more precisely a telecommunications service provider (TSP), that provides telecommunications services such as telephony and data communications access. Many traditional solely telephone companies now function as internet service providers (ISPs), and the distinction between a telephone company and ISP has tended to disappear completely over time, as the current trend for supplier convergence in the industry developes.[2] Additionally, with advances in technology development, other traditional separate industries such as cable television, Voice-over IP (VoIP), and satellite providers offer similar competing features as the telephone companies to both residential and businesses leading to further evolution of corporate identity have taken shape.

Due to the nature of capital expenditure involved in the past, most telecoms were government owned agencies or privately-owned monopolies operated in most countries under close state-regulations. But today there are many private players in most regions of the world, and even most of the government owned companies have been opened up to competition in-line with World Trade Organization (WTO) policy agenda. Historically these government agencies were often referred to, primarily in Europe, as PTTs (postal, telegraph and telephone services).[3] Telephone companies are common carriers, and in the United States are also known as local exchange carriers. With the advent of mobile telephony, telephone companies now include wireless carriers, or mobile network operators and even satellite providers (Iridium).

Over time software companies have also evolved to perform telephone services such as: Net2Phone, WhatsApp, and others.

History[edit]

In 1913, the Kingsbury Commitment allowed more than 20,000 independent telephone companies in the United States to use the long distance trunks of Bell Telephone Company.[4][5]

Popular culture[edit]

  • Comedian Lily Tomlin frequently satirized the telephone industry (and the country's then-dominant Bell System in particular) with a skit playing the telephone operator Ernestine. Ernestine, who became one of Tomlin's trademark characters, was perhaps most famous for the following line: "We don't care; we don't have to. We're the phone company."
  • In the satirical 1967 film The President's Analyst, The Phone Company (TPC) is depicted as plotting to enslave humanity by replacing landlines with brain-implanted mobile phones.
  • In the 1988 video game Zak McKracken and the Alien Mindbenders, The Phone Company (TPC) was used by the Caponian aliens to secretly reduce the intelligence of humans.

See also[edit]

References and notes[edit]

Notes
  1. ^ Abbreviated as telco. Alternative names include telephone service provider,[1] telecommunications company or telecommunications operator.
Citations
  1. ^ Operability: Keeping Your Telephone Number When You Change Service Provider. FCC.gov. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  2. ^ Héritier, Adrienne; Windhoff-Héritier, Adrienne (1999-11-28). Policy-Making and Diversity in Europe: Escape from Deadlock. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521653848.
  3. ^ Sandholtz, Wayne (1993-01-01). "Institutions and Collective Action: The New Telecommunications in Western Europe". World Politics. 45 (2): 242–270. doi:10.2307/2950659. ISSN 1086-3338. JSTOR 2950659.
  4. ^ "This day in history". News & Record. 2015-12-21.
  5. ^ Commission, New York (State) Public Service (1916). Abstracts of Reports of Corporations.
Bibliography

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telephone_company&oldid=1219502089"