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{{Third-party|date=June 2022}}
The '''Texas Juvenile Justice Department''' ('''TJJD''') is a state agency in Texas, headquartered in the Braker H Complex in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].
The '''Texas Juvenile Justice Department''' ('''TJJD''') is a state agency in Texas, headquartered in the Central Services Building (CSB) in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].


It was created on December 1, 2011, replacing the [[Texas Youth Commission]] and the [[Texas Juvenile Probation Commission]].<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/ Home]". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on April 28, 2012.</ref>
It was created on December 1, 2011, replacing the [[Texas Youth Commission]] and the [[Texas Juvenile Probation Commission]].<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/ Home]". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on April 28, 2012.</ref>
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==History==
==History==
[[File:BrownHeatleyBuildingAustinTX.JPG|thumb|Former TJJD headquarters, Brown-Heatly Building, [[Austin, Texas|Austin]]]]
[[File:BrownHeatleyBuildingAustinTX.JPG|thumb|Former TJJD headquarters, Brown-Heatly Building, [[Austin, Texas|Austin]]]]
The implemented changes occurred after the 82nd [[Texas Legislature]] abolished the Texas Youth Commission due to the scandals surrounding this agency that was responsible from 1957 to 2011. The Texas Juvenile Justice Department was established by the legislature to manage and oversee the agencies that were abolished. There is a board that includes 11 members that are responsible for overseeing juvenile justice services from entry to the discharge of the youth; the board was selected by the [[Governor of Texas]] with [[Texas Senate]] approval.<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=RU4N4NpIMLsC&pg=PA427&dq=texas+juvenile+justice+department&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2VlQU6vlNqTN2AW2p4G4CA&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=texas%20juvenile%20justice%20department&f=false History Information] ".History of TJJD. Retrieved April 22nd, 2014.</ref>
The implemented changes occurred after the 82nd [[Texas Legislature]] abolished the Texas Youth Commission due to the scandals surrounding this agency that was responsible from 1957 to 2011. The Texas Juvenile Justice Department was established by the legislature to manage and oversee the agencies that were abolished. There is a board that includes 11 members that are responsible for overseeing juvenile justice services from entry to the discharge of the youth; the board was selected by the [[Governor of Texas]] with [[Texas Senate]] approval.<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=RU4N4NpIMLsC&dq=texas+juvenile+justice+department&pg=PA427 History Information] ".History of TJJD. Retrieved April 22nd, 2014.</ref>


== Purpose==
==Criticism==
The TJJD has gone through several iterations of major and moderate reform following scandals marked by sexual abuse and violence, including a full rebranding from the [[Texas Youth Commission]] in 2011.<ref name=Tex/>
Texas Juvenile Justice Department focuses on the treatment and rehabilitation of the detained youth. [http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/ TJJD] seeks to provide a safe environment to juvenile offenders. The purpose of this entity is to assist juveniles to obtain rehabilitative services in order to successfully become good citizens. TJJD also strives to educate youth about ethics, work and guide troubled youth to becoming productive individuals, in addition to disciplining all youth entering registered TJJD facilities.


In 2021, the [[United States Department of Justice]] announced that it would examine whether children detained in the Texas Juvenile Justice Department’s five lockups are reasonably protected “from physical and sexual abuse by staff and other residents, excessive use of chemical restraints and excessive use of isolation.” The investigation followed an incident reported in July when a detention officer was arrested for allegedly touching the breast of an 18-year-old detainee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/10/13/federal-investigation-texas-lockups/|title=U.S. Department of Justice investigating abuse, mistreatment at Texas' juvenile lockups|website=Texas Tribune|date=October 13, 2021|author=Jolie McCullough|access-date=June 3, 2023}}</ref>
⚫
Juvenile offenders are court ordered to reside in Texas Juvenile Justice Department facilities. The detained individuals must be at least 10 years of age and no older than the age of 17. Most juvenile records are sealed as this will allow the youth to gain a second opportunity, but there are exceptions to sealing records as those individuals that commit serious crimes may be required to complete their sentence in an adult system, therefore unable to get their records sealed.<ref>"[https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/about/overview.aspx]". TJJD Purpose/Usage of Entity. Retrieved April 21, 2014.</ref>


In August 2022, ''[[The Texas Tribune]]'' reported on severe understaffing in the prisons that routinely left children inside cells alone for up to 23 hours a day, forcing them to use water bottles and food trays as toilets. Almost half of the nearly 600 kids in the prisons had been on suicide watch.<ref name=Tex>{{cite web|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2022/08/02/texas-juvenile-prisons-crisis/|title=Almost 600 Texas youths are trapped in a juvenile prison system on the brink of collapse|website=Texas Tribune|date=August 2, 2022|author=Jolie McCullough|access-date=June 3, 2023}}</ref> In response, a youth-led criminal justice reform group, [[Finish the 5]], spent the next five months at the Texas state Capitol, urging lawmakers to close Texas’ five remaining juvenile prisons. The Finish the 5 campaign, led by the [[Texas Center for Justice and Equity]], proposes phasing out the five prisons by 2027.<ref name=Tex/>
As well as being focused on the treatment and rehabilitation of the detained youth [http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/ TJJD] has a vision to provide safety to the citizens of Texas through partnerships with communities by being able to deliver the continued programs that help the betterment of their lives. Teaching them the value of not only their lives but also the importance of the community by showing them accountability of their actions and planning for a more successful future in the long run.<ref>http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/agency_mission.aspx</ref>


==Facilities==
==Facilities==
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[[File:GiddingsStateSchool.jpg|thumb|[[Giddings State School]] in [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Lee County, Texas|Lee County]]]]
[[File:GiddingsStateSchool.jpg|thumb|[[Giddings State School]] in [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Lee County, Texas|Lee County]]]]
[[File:TurmanHalfwayHouseAustin.JPG|thumb|The Turman Halfway House in [[Austin]]]]
[[File:TurmanHalfwayHouseAustin.JPG|thumb|The Turman Halfway House in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]]]]
⚫
Juvenile offenders are court ordered to reside in Texas Juvenile Justice Department facilities. The detained individuals must be at least 10 years of age and no older than their 19th birthday. Most juvenile records are sealed as this will allow the youth to gain a second opportunity, but there are exceptions to sealing records as those individuals that commit serious crimes may be required to complete their sentence in an adult system, therefore unable to get their records sealed.<ref>"[https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/about/overview.aspx]". TJJD Purpose/Usage of Entity. Retrieved April 21, 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/agency_mission.aspx |title=TJJD Agency Mission |website=www.tjjd.texas.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928025058/http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/agency_mission.aspx |archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>

Texas Juvenile Justice Department operates and maintains [[institutions]] and [[halfway houses]] statewide. Several of the juvenile detention centers are public and privately operated facilities. Texas Juvenile Justice Department maintains records and registry of the registered facilities in operation. Detained young offenders can only be placed in detention centers that are registered by the Texas Juvenile Justice Department, under the [http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/FA/htm/FA.261.htm Texas Family Code].
Texas Juvenile Justice Department operates and maintains [[institutions]] and [[halfway houses]] statewide. Several of the juvenile detention centers are public and privately operated facilities. Texas Juvenile Justice Department maintains records and registry of the registered facilities in operation. Detained young offenders can only be placed in detention centers that are registered by the Texas Juvenile Justice Department, under the [http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/FA/htm/FA.261.htm Texas Family Code].


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* [[Giddings State School]] - ''unincorporated'' [[Lee County, Texas|Lee County]]
* [[Giddings State School]] - ''unincorporated'' [[Lee County, Texas|Lee County]]
* Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex (Unit I) - Formerly Brownwood State School<ref name="TYCFacAdd2002">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20020202062958/http://tyc.state.tx.us/programs/facility_address.html Facility Address List]". Texas Youth Commission. February 2, 2002. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.</ref> - [[Brownwood, Texas|Brownwood]]
* Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex (Unit I) - Formerly Brownwood State School<ref name="TYCFacAdd2002">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20020202062958/http://tyc.state.tx.us/programs/facility_address.html Facility Address List]". Texas Youth Commission. February 2, 2002. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.</ref> - [[Brownwood, Texas|Brownwood]]
** Serves as the admissions and orientation center for the TJJD inmates. All girls in secure residential care remain at Ron Jackson. In addition boys who are younger are in the Ron Jackson young offenders program.<ref>"[https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/prea/17_Report_RonJackson.pdf PREA Audit Report Eon Jackson]." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. p. 5 (PDF p. 5/64). Retrieved on October 7, 2018. - Address on page 1: "600 FM 3254, Brownwood, Texas 76804"</ref> Most male students stay at Ron Jackson for orientation for about four to six weeks.<ref>"[https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/family_handbook/Understanding_The_Family_Handbook.pdf Understanding: The Texas Juvenile Justice Department & the Parents' Bill of Rights]." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. PDF p. 4/60. Retrieved on October 7, 2018.</ref>
** A public road separates Units I and the former Ron Jackson Unit II, which operated independently from Unit I under the [[Texas Youth Commission]].<ref name="JacksonUnitII">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/jackson2/index.html Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex Unit II]". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.</ref> The facility is named after former TYC director Ron Jackson.<ref>"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/archive/Press/091703_brownwood_jackson.html Brownwood complex renamed for Ron Jackson]". Texas Youth Commission. September 17, 2003. Retrieved on August 10, 2010.</ref>
** A public road separates Units I and the former Ron Jackson Unit II, which operated independently from Unit I under the [[Texas Youth Commission]].<ref name="JacksonUnitII">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/jackson2/index.html Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex Unit II]". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.</ref> The facility is named after former TYC director Ron Jackson.<ref>"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/archive/Press/091703_brownwood_jackson.html Brownwood complex renamed for Ron Jackson]". Texas Youth Commission. September 17, 2003. Retrieved on August 10, 2010.</ref>
** Unit I houses the gateway program for females entering the TYC system. Most females in TYC remain at Ron Jackson SJCC I. Some girls may be placed in the WINGS mother-child and pregnant girl program and contract facilities. Unit I has been a female-only complex since it opened in September 1970.<ref>"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/jackson1/index.html Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex Unit I]". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.</ref>
** Unit I houses the gateway program for females entering the TYC system. Most females in TYC remain at Ron Jackson SJCC I. Some girls may be placed in the WINGS mother-child and pregnant girl program and contract facilities. Unit I has been a female-only complex since it opened in September 1970.<ref>"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/jackson1/index.html Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex Unit I]". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.</ref>
* McLennan County State Juvenile Correctional Facility (Unit I and Unit II) - ''unincorporated'' [[McLennan County, Texas|McLennan County]], near [[Mart, Texas|Mart]]<ref name="Howoffendersmove">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/about/how_movethru.html How Offenders Move Through TYC]". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.</ref><ref name="Facnames">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/facility_address.html Facility Address List]". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on July 19, 2010.</ref><ref name="Martmap">"[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US4846824&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on Mart city, Texas]". [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.</ref>
* McLennan County State Juvenile Correctional Facility (Unit I and Unit II) - ''unincorporated'' [[McLennan County, Texas|McLennan County]], near [[Mart, Texas|Mart]]<ref name="Howoffendersmove">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/about/how_movethru.html How Offenders Move Through TYC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011110110815/http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/about/how_movethru.html |date=2001-11-10 }}". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.</ref><ref name="Facnames">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/facility_address.html Facility Address List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011110114953/http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/facility_address.html |date=2001-11-10 }}". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on July 19, 2010.</ref><ref name="Martmap">"[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US4846824&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on Mart city, Texas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606110805/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US4846824&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on |date=2011-06-06 }}". [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.</ref>
** As of 2011 units I and II were combined into one facility.<ref name="3closing">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/news/press_06-03-11.html TYC Announces Closure of Three Facilities]". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on July 3, 2011.</ref> The TYC governing board's original agenda had plans to close both McLennan County units, but the board changed its plans.<ref name="Moreclosings">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20120517035807/http://www.kcentv.com/story/14835287/mart Texas Youth Commission to consolidate Mart facility]" (). [[KCEN]]. June 3, 2011. Retrieved on August 29, 2011.</ref> The units are about {{convert|20|mi|km}} south of [[Waco, Texas|Waco]].<ref>"[http://www.kxan.com/dpp/news/politics/tyc-to-close-three-units-cut-staff TYC to close three units, cut staff]" {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130127161431/http://www.kxan.com/dpp/news/politics/tyc-to-close-three-units-cut-staff |date=2013-01-27 }}<!--there is an archive at archive dot is/LZlxQ-->. [[KXAN]]. Friday June 3, 2011. Retrieved on September 29, 2011.</ref>
** As of 2011 units I and II were combined into one facility.<ref name="3closing">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/news/press_06-03-11.html TYC Announces Closure of Three Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305203532/http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/news/press_06-03-11.html |date=2012-03-05 }}". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on July 3, 2011.</ref> The TYC governing board's original agenda had plans to close both McLennan County units, but the board changed its plans.<ref name="Moreclosings">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20120517035807/http://www.kcentv.com/story/14835287/mart Texas Youth Commission to consolidate Mart facility]" (). [[KCEN]]. June 3, 2011. Retrieved on August 29, 2011.</ref> The units are about {{convert|20|mi|km}} south of [[Waco, Texas|Waco]].<ref>"[http://www.kxan.com/dpp/news/politics/tyc-to-close-three-units-cut-staff TYC to close three units, cut staff]" {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130127161431/http://www.kxan.com/dpp/news/politics/tyc-to-close-three-units-cut-staff |date=2013-01-27 }}<!--there is an archive at archive dot is/LZlxQ-->. [[KXAN]]. Friday June 3, 2011. Retrieved on September 29, 2011.</ref>
** It formerly housed admissions and orientation for male TJJD inmates.<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/about/how_movethru.aspx How Offenders Move Through TJJD ]." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on October 7, 2018.</ref>


Halfway houses:<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/facilities.aspx TJJD Facilities Address List] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617203739/http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/facilities.aspx |date=2013-06-17 }}." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on December 19, 2015.</ref>
Halfway houses:<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/facilities.aspx TJJD Facilities Address List] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617203739/http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/facilities.aspx |date=2013-06-17 }}." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on December 19, 2015.</ref>


* Ayres House - [[San Antonio]]
* Ayres House - [[San Antonio]]
* Brownwood Halfway House - Brownwood
* Brownwood Halfway House - Brownwood (closed)
* Cottrell House - [[Dallas]]
* Cottrell House - [[Dallas]]
* McFadden Ranch - [[Roanoke, Texas|Roanoke]]
* McFadden Ranch - [[Roanoke, Texas|Roanoke]]
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* Willoughby House - [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]
* Willoughby House - [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]
* York House - [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]]
* York House - [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]]
* Karen's House - [[Willis, Texas]]


Former facilities:
Former facilities:
* [[Corsicana Residential Treatment Center]] - [[Corsicana, Texas|Corsicana]]
* [[Corsicana Residential Treatment Center]] - [[Corsicana, Texas|Corsicana]]
** The center was for youth with mental illnesses or severe emotional disturbances<ref>"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/corsicana/index.html Corsicana Residential Treatment Center]". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.</ref> - Closed in 2013<ref>Chammah, Maurice. "[http://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/02/12/14227/closing-troubled-symbol-texas-juvenile-justice Closing a troubled symbol of Texas juvenile justice]". [[Center for Public Integrity]]. February 12, 2014. Retrieved on March 3, 2014.</ref>
** The center was for youth with mental illnesses or severe emotional disturbances<ref>"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/corsicana/index.html Corsicana Residential Treatment Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418162516/http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/corsicana/index.html |date=2012-04-18 }}". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.</ref> - Closed in 2013<ref>Chammah, Maurice. "[http://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/02/12/14227/closing-troubled-symbol-texas-juvenile-justice Closing a troubled symbol of Texas juvenile justice]". [[Center for Public Integrity]]. February 12, 2014. Retrieved on March 3, 2014.</ref>
* Beto House - [[McAllen, Texas|McAllen]]<ref name=List2013>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20130617203739/http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/facilities.aspx TJJD Facilities]." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. June 17, 2013. Retrieved on December 19, 2015. "Turman House 7308 Cameron Road PO Box 14866 Austin, Texas 78752"</ref>
* Beto House - [[McAllen, Texas|McAllen]]<ref name=List2013>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20130617203739/http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/aboutus/facilities.aspx TJJD Facilities]." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. June 17, 2013. Retrieved on December 19, 2015. "Turman House 7308 Cameron Road PO Box 14866 Austin, Texas 78752"</ref>
* Turman Halfway House - [[Austin, Texas|Austin]]<ref name=List2013/>
* Turman Halfway House - Austin<ref name=List2013/>


==Programs==
==Programs==
'''CoNEXTions'''
'''CoNEXTions'''
"CoNEXTions is an integrated, system-wide rehabilitative program offering various therapeutic techniques and tools that are used to help individual TJJD youth. The name, CoNEXTions, stems from the basic goal of the program – to prepare youth to take the NEXT step, to connect youth to healthy, law-abiding relationships with their peers, families, and communities".<ref name="CoNEXTions Program">"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/conextions.aspx CoNEXTions Program]". CoNEXTions Program Information. Retrieved April 15, 2014.</ref>
CoNEXTions is an integrated, system-wide rehabilitative program offering various therapeutic techniques and tools that are used to help individual TJJD youth. The name, CoNEXTions, stems from the basic goal of the program – to prepare youth to take the NEXT step, to connect youth to healthy, law-abiding relationships with their peers, families, and communities".<ref name="CoNEXTions Program">"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/conextions.aspx CoNEXTions Program]". CoNEXTions Program Information. Retrieved April 15, 2014.</ref>

CoNEXTions was created under the idea that "intense and system-wide implementation of constructive thinking skills while intervening on risky behaviors, in a protective and caring manner, will decrease recividism and crime among the youth".<ref name="CoNEXTions Program"/> Areas in the participants lives that are addressed are personal attitudes, values and beliefs, influences and associations with people, alcohol and drug use, personality traits, ability to control behavior, family relationships, academic achievements, vocational achievement, and use of leisure time.
Upon admission to the TJJD unit, the youth are assessed in multiple areas to determine their current physical, mental and emmotional status. They are then individually classified according to their offenses and needs and then assigned placement. In CoNEXTions, multiple other TJJD programs are utilized, particularly the Thinking for a Change Program


'''Educational Programs''''
'''Educational Programs''''
TJJD has year round education for incarcerated youth in each of their institutional schools. The faculty at these schools are TJJD employees
TJJD has year round education for incarcerated youth in each of their institutional schools. The faculty at these schools are TJJD employees. The students also participate in all state required assessments as well as the national test, Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE)<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/education.aspx Education Information]". Education Program. Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved April 2014.</ref>
The TJJD Board dictates policy to guide the areas of education provided. The students also participate in all state required assessments as well as the national test, Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE)<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/education.aspx Education Information]". Education Program. Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved April 2014.</ref>


'''Workforce Development Program'''
'''Workforce Development Program'''
A holistic and integrated approach to help prepare the youth to successfully enter the workforce and maintain employment. Working with state and local businesses, the Workforce Development Program helps prepare and assimilate youth into the working world<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/workforce.aspx Workforce Program Information]. Workforce Development Programs. Retrieved April 2014.</ref>
A program to help prepare the youth to successfully enter the workforce and maintain employment.<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/workforce.aspx Workforce Program Information]. Workforce Development Programs. Retrieved April 2014.</ref>


'''PAWS (Pairing Achievement With Success)'''
'''PAWS (Pairing Achievement With Success)'''
In the PAWS program, TJJD youth are assigned a canine for a minimum of 12 weeks. The TJJD youth and dogs work together to learn important skills from one another; basic commands and socialization for the dogs, and responsibility and friendship skills for the TJJD youth. The TJJD youth are completely responsible at all times for their dog, including feeding, grooming, training, and letting the dog out. At the end of the 12-week program, there is an Adoption Day held where the youth helps show the dog and its new tricks to new owners looking to adopt a pet.<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/paws.aspx Pairing Achievement With Success]. Programs. Retrieved April 2014.</ref>
In the PAWS program, TJJD youth are assigned a canine for a minimum of 12 weeks. The TJJD youth are completely responsible at all times for their dog. At the end of the 12-week program, there is an Adoption Day held where the youth helps show the dog and its new tricks to new owners looking to adopt a pet.<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/programs/paws.aspx Pairing Achievement With Success]. Programs. Retrieved April 2014.</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{Update section|date=June 2023}}
As of 2016, of the children under TJJD jurisdiction, including confinement in secure facilities, youth parole, contract facilities, and halfway houses, 3,925 (93.68%) were U.S. citizens and 224 (5.35%) were Mexican citizens. Other countries include Australia, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Venezuela, and Vietnam.<ref>"[https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/research/country_origin.aspx TJJD Population with Known Citizenship]." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on January 3, 2016.</ref>
As of 2016, of the children under TJJD jurisdiction, including confinement in secure facilities, youth parole, contract facilities, and halfway houses, 3,925 (93.68%) were U.S. citizens and 224 (5.35%) were Mexican citizens. Other countries include Australia, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Venezuela, and Vietnam.<ref>"[https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/research/country_origin.aspx TJJD Population with Known Citizenship]." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on January 3, 2016.</ref>


==Funding==
==Funding==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}
TJJD gets its funding from the [[Texas Legislature]] in grant form. TJJD got its funds through the [http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/publications/standards/Grants12/TJPCGRANTSA.pdf State Financial Assistance Contract] that encompasses grants to each of the 165 local juvenile departments. Most of the funding comes from the local county government. The TJJD grants goes toward operating juvenile probation departments, juvenile detention and correctional facilities and providing basic and special services to children in the juvenile probation system. According to the TJJD website, "In fiscal year, 2012 county funding accounted for approximately 72% of total juvenile probation funding while state and federal funding accounted for approximately 28%". [http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/publications/other/searchcontractsresults.aspx?selectedcounty=7ODSkuwWv+w=&selectedfiscalyear=pC6IFUtuCLo= In fiscal year, 2014]:
TJJD gets its funding from the [[Texas Legislature]] in grant form. TJJD got its funds through the [http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/publications/standards/Grants12/TJPCGRANTSA.pdf State Financial Assistance Contract] that encompasses grants to each of the 165 local juvenile departments. Most of the funding comes from the local county government. The TJJD grants goes toward operating juvenile probation departments, juvenile detention and correctional facilities and providing basic and special services to children in the juvenile probation system. According to the TJJD website, "In fiscal year, 2012 county funding accounted for approximately 72% of total juvenile probation funding while state and federal funding accounted for approximately 28%". [http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/publications/other/searchcontractsresults.aspx?selectedcounty=7ODSkuwWv+w=&selectedfiscalyear=pC6IFUtuCLo= In fiscal year, 2014]:
Border Project got a contract for $100,000.00. Commitment Reduction Program got a contract for $19,883,584.00. Family Preservation got a contract for $2,243,007.66. Harris County Leadership Academy got a contract for $1,000,000.00. IV-E Contracts got a contract for $1,253,620.54. JJAEP Start-up Operations got a contract for $3,718,896.00. Mental Health got a contract for $12,783,403.29. Special Needs Diversionary got a contract for $1,974,034.00. State Aid got a contract for $108,337,312.00. Total Fiscal Year 2014 Contracts got a contract for $151,586,485.49. Truancy Prevention got a contract for $292,628.00.
Border Project got a contract for $100,000.00. Commitment Reduction Program got a contract for $19,883,584.00. Family Preservation got a contract for $2,243,007.66. Harris County Leadership Academy got a contract for $1,000,000.00. IV-E Contracts got a contract for $1,253,620.54. JJAEP Start-up Operations got a contract for $3,718,896.00. Mental Health got a contract for $12,783,403.29. Special Needs Diversionary got a contract for $1,974,034.00. State Aid got a contract for $108,337,312.00. Total Fiscal Year 2014 Contracts got a contract for $151,586,485.49. Truancy Prevention got a contract for $292,628.00.


==Headquarters==
==Headquarters==
[[File:Texas Juvenile Justice Department Austin.jpg|thumb|Braker H Complex, the TJJD headquarters]]
[[File:CentralServicesBuildingTX.JPG|thumb|Central Services Building (CSB), the TJJD headquarters]]
[[File:Texas Juvenile Justice Department Austin.jpg|thumb|Braker H Complex, the former TJJD headquarters]]
The agency is headquartered in the Braker H Complex in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]],<ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/ Home]". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on September 24, 2013. "Braker H Complex 11209 Metric Boulevard Austin, TX"</ref> a {{convert|67323|sqft|sqm|adj=on}} private leased space in north Austin. It includes two loading docks, an IT training room, warehouse space, open office landscapes (OOLs), hard-wall offices, 11 conference rooms with capacities ranging from 8 to 110 persons, an employee break room, secure OIO, OIG, and IT areas, and an exterior deck.<ref name=Moveupdate>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/relocation.aspx TJJD Move Update]". ([https://www.webcitation.org/6FOqKKwe5?url=http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/relocation.aspx Archive]) Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on March 26, 2013.</ref>
The agency is headquartered in the Central Services Building (CSB) in [[Austin, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/index.php/contact#tjjd-s-central-office|title=Contact|publisher=Texas Juvenile Justice Department|access-date=2024-02-04|quote=Address Texas Juvenile Justice Department Central Services Building (CSB) 1711 San Jacinto Blvd Austin, TX 78701}} - [https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/index.php/facilities This page states the address as] "711 San Jacinto Blvd., Suite 120 Austin, TX 78701" but this is erroneous</ref>


The TJJD was previously headquartered in the Brown-Heatly Building in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].<ref name="Facnames"/><ref name="TYCContactphone">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/about/contacts.html TYC Contact Names and Phone Numbers]". ''Texas Youth Commission''. Retrieved on March 10, 2009.</ref> Brown-Heatley, a seven story, {{convert|276000|sqft|sqm}}, has a six story, {{convert|343000|sqft|sqm}} parking garage.<ref>"[http://www.dsgaustin.com/projects/heatly/index.htm State of Texas Brown Heatly Building]". DSG Austin. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.</ref> DSG Austin provided the facility's fire alarm system.<ref>"[http://www.dsgaustin.com/projects/index.htm DSG Projects]". DSG Austin. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.</ref>
The TJJD was previously headquartered in the Brown-Heatly Building in Austin.<ref name="Facnames"/><ref name="TYCContactphone">"[http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/about/contacts.html TYC Contact Names and Phone Numbers]". ''Texas Youth Commission''. Retrieved on March 10, 2009.</ref> Brown-Heatley, a seven story, {{convert|276000|sqft|sqm}}, has a six story, {{convert|343000|sqft|sqm}} parking garage.<ref>"[http://www.dsgaustin.com/projects/heatly/index.htm State of Texas Brown Heatly Building]". DSG Austin. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.</ref> DSG Austin provided the facility's fire alarm system.<ref>"[http://www.dsgaustin.com/projects/index.htm DSG Projects]". DSG Austin. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.</ref>


At the end of April 2013, as part of a building space swap with the [[Texas Health and Human Services]], the TJJD was scheduled to relocate to Braker H. The Braker H facility has more space than the current Brown-Heatley area. The groups moving into the new facility included TJJD central office staff members previously on the second, third, and fifth floors of the Brown-Heatly building, the Office of the Independent Ombudsman, and the TJJD Austin District Parole Office.<ref name=Moveupdate/>
At the end of April 2013, as part of a building space swap with the [[Texas Health and Human Services]], the TJJD was scheduled to relocate to Braker H Complex,<ref name=Moveupdate>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/relocation.aspx TJJD Move Update]". ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130329215418/http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/relocation.aspx Archive]) Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on March 26, 2013.</ref><ref>"[http://www.tjjd.texas.gov/ Home]". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on September 24, 2013. "Braker H Complex 11209 Metric Boulevard Austin, TX"</ref> a {{convert|67323|sqft|sqm|adj=on}} private leased space in north Austin. It includes two loading docks, an IT training room, warehouse space, open office landscapes (OOLs), hard-wall offices, 11 conference rooms with capacities ranging from 8 to 110 persons, an employee break room, secure OIO, OIG, and IT areas, and an exterior deck.<ref name=Moveupdate/> The Braker H facility had more space than the current Brown-Heatley area. The groups moving into the new facility included TJJD central office staff members previously on the second, third, and fifth floors of the Brown-Heatly building, the Office of the Independent Ombudsman, and the TJJD Austin District Parole Office.<ref name=Moveupdate/>

In 2022, the TJJD moved from Braker H to the CSB.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/index.php/doc-library/send/681-feb22/3112-boardbook-022522|title=BOARD MEETINGS February 24-25, 2022 Austin, Texas|publisher=Texas Juvenile Justice Department|access-date=2024-02-04|page=152/257}} - [https://www.tjjd.texas.gov/index.php/doc-library/category/681-feb22 Accessed from this page]</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Texas|Prisons}}
{{Portal bar|Texas}}


==References==
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Juvenile Justice Department, Texas}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Juvenile Justice Department, Texas}}

Latest revision as of 08:35, 4 February 2024

The Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) is a state agency in Texas, headquartered in the Central Services Building (CSB) in Austin.

It was created on December 1, 2011, replacing the Texas Youth Commission and the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission.[1]

History[edit]

Former TJJD headquarters, Brown-Heatly Building, Austin

The implemented changes occurred after the 82nd Texas Legislature abolished the Texas Youth Commission due to the scandals surrounding this agency that was responsible from 1957 to 2011. The Texas Juvenile Justice Department was established by the legislature to manage and oversee the agencies that were abolished. There is a board that includes 11 members that are responsible for overseeing juvenile justice services from entry to the discharge of the youth; the board was selected by the Governor of Texas with Texas Senate approval.[2]

Criticism[edit]

The TJJD has gone through several iterations of major and moderate reform following scandals marked by sexual abuse and violence, including a full rebranding from the Texas Youth Commission in 2011.[3]

In 2021, the United States Department of Justice announced that it would examine whether children detained in the Texas Juvenile Justice Department’s five lockups are reasonably protected “from physical and sexual abuse by staff and other residents, excessive use of chemical restraints and excessive use of isolation.” The investigation followed an incident reported in July when a detention officer was arrested for allegedly touching the breast of an 18-year-old detainee.[4]

In August 2022, The Texas Tribune reported on severe understaffing in the prisons that routinely left children inside cells alone for up to 23 hours a day, forcing them to use water bottles and food trays as toilets. Almost half of the nearly 600 kids in the prisons had been on suicide watch.[3] In response, a youth-led criminal justice reform group, Finish the 5, spent the next five months at the Texas state Capitol, urging lawmakers to close Texas’ five remaining juvenile prisons. The Finish the 5 campaign, led by the Texas Center for Justice and Equity, proposes phasing out the five prisons by 2027.[3]

Facilities[edit]

Texas Juvenile Justice Department is located in Texas
Evins Regional
Evins Regional
Gainesville
Giddings
McLennan County
McLennan County
Ron Jackson
Ron Jackson
class=notpageimage|
TJJD Secure Facilities
Giddings State School in unincorporated Lee County
The Turman Halfway House in Austin

Juvenile offenders are court ordered to reside in Texas Juvenile Justice Department facilities. The detained individuals must be at least 10 years of age and no older than their 19th birthday. Most juvenile records are sealed as this will allow the youth to gain a second opportunity, but there are exceptions to sealing records as those individuals that commit serious crimes may be required to complete their sentence in an adult system, therefore unable to get their records sealed.[5][6]

Texas Juvenile Justice Department operates and maintains institutions and halfway houses statewide. Several of the juvenile detention centers are public and privately operated facilities. Texas Juvenile Justice Department maintains records and registry of the registered facilities in operation. Detained young offenders can only be placed in detention centers that are registered by the Texas Juvenile Justice Department, under the Texas Family Code.

Registered facilities house, educate, train and rehabilitate young offenders, the treatment and programs are based on the needs of the individual within the facility. The Texas Juvenile Justice Department includes high, medium and low security facilities. A high security facility is fenced and the majority of juvenile offenders that are placed in a high security facility tend to complete their sentence in a correctional institution. The medium to low facilities are not fenced and consist of houses that the Texas Juvenile Justice Department operates or contracts with outside organizations to provide low to medium treatment for the juvenile offender.[7]

According to the Texas Juvenile Justice Department report of 2011, the total amount of secure facilities registered include "34 post-adjudication, 31 public and 3 privately operated; 49 pre-adjudication facilities, 47 public and 2 privately operated".[8]

Institutions:

  • Evins Regional Juvenile Center - unincorporated Hidalgo County
  • Gainesville State School - unincorporated Cooke County
  • Giddings State School - unincorporated Lee County
  • Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex (Unit I) - Formerly Brownwood State School[9] - Brownwood
    • Serves as the admissions and orientation center for the TJJD inmates. All girls in secure residential care remain at Ron Jackson. In addition boys who are younger are in the Ron Jackson young offenders program.[10] Most male students stay at Ron Jackson for orientation for about four to six weeks.[11]
    • A public road separates Units I and the former Ron Jackson Unit II, which operated independently from Unit I under the Texas Youth Commission.[12] The facility is named after former TYC director Ron Jackson.[13]
    • Unit I houses the gateway program for females entering the TYC system. Most females in TYC remain at Ron Jackson SJCC I. Some girls may be placed in the WINGS mother-child and pregnant girl program and contract facilities. Unit I has been a female-only complex since it opened in September 1970.[14]
  • McLennan County State Juvenile Correctional Facility (Unit I and Unit II) - unincorporated McLennan County, near Mart[15][16][17]
    • As of 2011 units I and II were combined into one facility.[18] The TYC governing board's original agenda had plans to close both McLennan County units, but the board changed its plans.[19] The units are about 20 miles (32 km) south of Waco.[20]
    • It formerly housed admissions and orientation for male TJJD inmates.[21]

Halfway houses:[22]

Former facilities:

Programs[edit]

CoNEXTions CoNEXTions is an integrated, system-wide rehabilitative program offering various therapeutic techniques and tools that are used to help individual TJJD youth. The name, CoNEXTions, stems from the basic goal of the program – to prepare youth to take the NEXT step, to connect youth to healthy, law-abiding relationships with their peers, families, and communities".[26]

Educational Programs' TJJD has year round education for incarcerated youth in each of their institutional schools. The faculty at these schools are TJJD employees. The students also participate in all state required assessments as well as the national test, Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE)[27]

Workforce Development Program A program to help prepare the youth to successfully enter the workforce and maintain employment.[28]

PAWS (Pairing Achievement With Success) In the PAWS program, TJJD youth are assigned a canine for a minimum of 12 weeks. The TJJD youth are completely responsible at all times for their dog. At the end of the 12-week program, there is an Adoption Day held where the youth helps show the dog and its new tricks to new owners looking to adopt a pet.[29]

Demographics[edit]

As of 2016, of the children under TJJD jurisdiction, including confinement in secure facilities, youth parole, contract facilities, and halfway houses, 3,925 (93.68%) were U.S. citizens and 224 (5.35%) were Mexican citizens. Other countries include Australia, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[30]

Funding[edit]

TJJD gets its funding from the Texas Legislature in grant form. TJJD got its funds through the State Financial Assistance Contract that encompasses grants to each of the 165 local juvenile departments. Most of the funding comes from the local county government. The TJJD grants goes toward operating juvenile probation departments, juvenile detention and correctional facilities and providing basic and special services to children in the juvenile probation system. According to the TJJD website, "In fiscal year, 2012 county funding accounted for approximately 72% of total juvenile probation funding while state and federal funding accounted for approximately 28%". In fiscal year, 2014: Border Project got a contract for $100,000.00. Commitment Reduction Program got a contract for $19,883,584.00. Family Preservation got a contract for $2,243,007.66. Harris County Leadership Academy got a contract for $1,000,000.00. IV-E Contracts got a contract for $1,253,620.54. JJAEP Start-up Operations got a contract for $3,718,896.00. Mental Health got a contract for $12,783,403.29. Special Needs Diversionary got a contract for $1,974,034.00. State Aid got a contract for $108,337,312.00. Total Fiscal Year 2014 Contracts got a contract for $151,586,485.49. Truancy Prevention got a contract for $292,628.00.

Headquarters[edit]

Central Services Building (CSB), the TJJD headquarters
Braker H Complex, the former TJJD headquarters

The agency is headquartered in the Central Services Building (CSB) in Austin, Texas.[31]

The TJJD was previously headquartered in the Brown-Heatly Building in Austin.[16][32] Brown-Heatley, a seven story, 276,000 square feet (25,600 m2), has a six story, 343,000 square feet (31,900 m2) parking garage.[33] DSG Austin provided the facility's fire alarm system.[34]

At the end of April 2013, as part of a building space swap with the Texas Health and Human Services, the TJJD was scheduled to relocate to Braker H Complex,[35][36] a 67,323-square-foot (6,254.5 m2) private leased space in north Austin. It includes two loading docks, an IT training room, warehouse space, open office landscapes (OOLs), hard-wall offices, 11 conference rooms with capacities ranging from 8 to 110 persons, an employee break room, secure OIO, OIG, and IT areas, and an exterior deck.[35] The Braker H facility had more space than the current Brown-Heatley area. The groups moving into the new facility included TJJD central office staff members previously on the second, third, and fifth floors of the Brown-Heatly building, the Office of the Independent Ombudsman, and the TJJD Austin District Parole Office.[35]

In 2022, the TJJD moved from Braker H to the CSB.[37]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Home". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on April 28, 2012.
  2. ^ "History Information ".History of TJJD. Retrieved April 22nd, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Jolie McCullough (August 2, 2022). "Almost 600 Texas youths are trapped in a juvenile prison system on the brink of collapse". Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  4. ^ Jolie McCullough (October 13, 2021). "U.S. Department of Justice investigating abuse, mistreatment at Texas' juvenile lockups". Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  5. ^ "[1]". TJJD Purpose/Usage of Entity. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
  6. ^ "TJJD Agency Mission". www.tjjd.texas.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-09-28.
  7. ^ "Facilities". TJJD Facility Process. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  8. ^ "2011 Facility Information". State Juvenile Probation Activity in Texas 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
  9. ^ "Facility Address List". Texas Youth Commission. February 2, 2002. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.
  10. ^ "PREA Audit Report Eon Jackson." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. p. 5 (PDF p. 5/64). Retrieved on October 7, 2018. - Address on page 1: "600 FM 3254, Brownwood, Texas 76804"
  11. ^ "Understanding: The Texas Juvenile Justice Department & the Parents' Bill of Rights." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. PDF p. 4/60. Retrieved on October 7, 2018.
  12. ^ "Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex Unit II". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.
  13. ^ "Brownwood complex renamed for Ron Jackson". Texas Youth Commission. September 17, 2003. Retrieved on August 10, 2010.
  14. ^ "Ron Jackson State Juvenile Correctional Complex Unit I". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.
  15. ^ "How Offenders Move Through TYC Archived 2001-11-10 at the Wayback Machine". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.
  16. ^ a b "Facility Address List Archived 2001-11-10 at the Wayback Machine". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on July 19, 2010.
  17. ^ "Mart city, Texas Archived 2011-06-06 at the Wayback Machine". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 6, 2010.
  18. ^ "TYC Announces Closure of Three Facilities Archived 2012-03-05 at the Wayback Machine". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on July 3, 2011.
  19. ^ "Texas Youth Commission to consolidate Mart facility" (). KCEN. June 3, 2011. Retrieved on August 29, 2011.
  20. ^ "TYC to close three units, cut staff" Archived 2013-01-27 at archive.today. KXAN. Friday June 3, 2011. Retrieved on September 29, 2011.
  21. ^ "How Offenders Move Through TJJD ." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on October 7, 2018.
  22. ^ "TJJD Facilities Address List Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on December 19, 2015.
  23. ^ "Corsicana Residential Treatment Center Archived 2012-04-18 at the Wayback Machine". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on June 16, 2010.
  24. ^ Chammah, Maurice. "Closing a troubled symbol of Texas juvenile justice". Center for Public Integrity. February 12, 2014. Retrieved on March 3, 2014.
  25. ^ a b "TJJD Facilities." Texas Department of Juvenile Justice. June 17, 2013. Retrieved on December 19, 2015. "Turman House 7308 Cameron Road PO Box 14866 Austin, Texas 78752"
  26. ^ "CoNEXTions Program". CoNEXTions Program Information. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  27. ^ "Education Information". Education Program. Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved April 2014.
  28. ^ "Workforce Program Information. Workforce Development Programs. Retrieved April 2014.
  29. ^ "Pairing Achievement With Success. Programs. Retrieved April 2014.
  30. ^ "TJJD Population with Known Citizenship." Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on January 3, 2016.
  31. ^ "Contact". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved 2024-02-04. Address Texas Juvenile Justice Department Central Services Building (CSB) 1711 San Jacinto Blvd Austin, TX 78701 - This page states the address as "711 San Jacinto Blvd., Suite 120 Austin, TX 78701" but this is erroneous
  32. ^ "TYC Contact Names and Phone Numbers". Texas Youth Commission. Retrieved on March 10, 2009.
  33. ^ "State of Texas Brown Heatly Building". DSG Austin. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.
  34. ^ "DSG Projects". DSG Austin. Retrieved on August 23, 2010.
  35. ^ a b c "TJJD Move Update". (Archive) Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on March 26, 2013.
  36. ^ "Home". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Retrieved on September 24, 2013. "Braker H Complex 11209 Metric Boulevard Austin, TX"
  37. ^ "BOARD MEETINGS February 24-25, 2022 Austin, Texas". Texas Juvenile Justice Department. p. 152/257. Retrieved 2024-02-04. - Accessed from this page

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Texas_Juvenile_Justice_Department&oldid=1203153810"