Thuburnica: Difference between revisions
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|image = File:Thuburnica.jpg |
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|caption = Roman bridge of Thuburnica |
|caption = Roman bridge of Thuburnica |
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|map_type = Tunisia |
|map_type = Tunisia |
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|longitude = 8.4706 |
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|map_size = 250 |
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|location = [[Tunisia]] |
|location = [[Tunisia]] |
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|region = [[Jendouba Governorate]] |
|region = [[Jendouba Governorate]] |
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|coordinates = {{Coord|36. |
|coordinates = {{Coord|36.527|8.470|type:city_region:TN|display=inline,title}} |
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'''Thuburnica''' was an ancient [[Roman Empire|Roman]]-[[Berbers|Berber]] city in the [[Maghreb]]. It was located in the present-day '''El Kalâa''', near [[ |
'''Thuburnica''' was an ancient [[Roman Empire|Roman]]-[[Berbers|Berber]] city in the [[Maghreb]]. It was located in the present-day '''El Kalâa''', near [[Chemtou]] in western [[Tunisia]]. It may have been the ancient town of [[Bulla Regia]]. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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{{For|its ecclesiastical history, as former suffragan diocese of Carthage and present Latin titular bishopric|Thuburnica (see)}} |
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The Late [[Roman Republic]]an general [[Caius Marius]] started the Roman presence in Thuburnica, allowing some of his veterans (the "Conditores coloniae" or 'founders of the colonia') to settle in a small ancient Berber village just south of [[ |
The Late [[Roman Republic]]an general [[Caius Marius]] started the Roman presence in Thuburnica, allowing some of his veterans (the "Conditores coloniae" or 'founders of the colonia') to settle in a small ancient Berber village just south of [[Tabarka]], near the border between present Tunisia and [[Algeria]].<ref>[http://www.cassiciaco.it/navigazione/africa/tavole_geografiche/numidia.html Location of Thuburnica], south of [[Thabraca]] (modern Tabarca)</ref> |
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A few decades later, the first [[Roman emperor]] [[Augustus]] settled there some of his veterans creating officially a Roman [[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]], governed by ''duumvir''' (a pair of collegial, elected municipal magistrates). Thuburnica was one ten colonies founded by emperor Augustus on or near the coast of the [[Roman province]] of [[Mauretania]] for the retirement of the veterans of his [[Roman legions|legions]], the others being: [[Rusucurru]], [[Tubusuctu]], [[Igilgili]], [[Saldae]], [[Rusazu]], [[Rusguniae]], [[Aquae Calidae]], [[Zuccabar]], [[Gunugu]] and [[Cartenna]]. |
A few decades later, the first [[Roman emperor]] [[Augustus]] settled there some of his veterans creating officially a Roman [[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]], governed by ''duumvir''' (a pair of collegial, elected municipal magistrates). Thuburnica was one ten colonies founded by emperor Augustus on or near the coast of the [[Roman province]] of [[Mauretania]] for the retirement of the veterans of his [[Roman legions|legions]], the others being: [[Rusucurru]], [[Tubusuctu]], [[Igilgili]], [[Saldae]], [[Rusazu]], [[Rusguniae]], [[Aquae Calidae, Algeria|Aquae Calidae]], [[Zuccabar]], [[Gunugu]] and [[Cartenna]]. |
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Since Emperor [[Diocletianus]]'s provincial reshuffle, Thuburnica was on the border between [[Mauretania Sitifensis]] and [[Africa Proconsularis]] (roughly modern [[Tunisia]]). |
Since Emperor [[Diocletianus]]'s provincial reshuffle, Thuburnica was on the border between [[Mauretania Sitifensis]] and [[Africa Proconsularis]] (roughly modern [[Tunisia]]). |
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The people of Thuburnica were members of the tribal "Arnense" group. Most of the population of Thuburnica in the third century were descendants of the Roman legionaries and this fact made the city one of the most [[Romanization|romanised]] in ancient Mauretania. The Christian religion became the most important only in the fourth century:<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=F8ZRPTgcjrcC |
The people of Thuburnica were members of the tribal "Arnense" group. Most of the population of Thuburnica in the third century were descendants of the Roman legionaries and this fact made the city one of the most [[Romanization|romanised]] in ancient Mauretania. The Christian religion became the most important only in the fourth century:<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=F8ZRPTgcjrcC&q=thuburnica%25http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Fmefr_0223-5102_1986_num_98_2_151820mauretania&pg=PR15 Thuburnica (Catholic Bishopric map)]</ref> paganism was still practiced prominently in Emperor Hadrian's time in a local temple dedicated to Ba'al Hammon,<ref>[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/mefr_0223-5102_1986_num_98_2_1518 Persee: "Le mausolée anonyme de Thuburnica" (in French)]</ref> later destroyed and finally converted to church. |
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Thuburnica was conquered by the [[Vandals]] and reconquered a century later by Byzantine emperor [[Justinianus]], who built a fortification |
Thuburnica was conquered by the [[Vandals]] and reconquered a century later by [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] emperor [[Justinianus]], who built a fortification. |
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After the Arab invasion in the second half of the seventh century, the city was destroyed and disappeared. |
After the Arab invasion in the second half of the seventh century, the city was destroyed and disappeared. |
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There are today few standing edifices dating to Roman Thuburnica. However, a local Roman bridge is still working in perfect conditions. |
There are today few standing edifices dating to Roman Thuburnica. However, a local Roman bridge is still working in perfect conditions. |
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The ruins include: a [[mausoleum]], two |
The ruins include: a [[mausoleum]], two [[arch]]es, a [[Roman temple|temple]], four [[cistern]]s, [[thermae]] (public baths), an [[Roman aqueduct|aqueduct]] and a small [[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine]] fortification. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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<references/> |
<references /> |
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== Further reading == |
== Further reading == |
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{{Romano-Berber cities in Roman Africa}} |
{{Romano-Berber cities in Roman Africa}} |
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{{coord|36.5267|N|8.4706|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Tunisia]] |
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Tunisia]] |
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[[Category:Berber |
[[Category:Ancient Berber cities]] |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Tunisia]] |
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[[Category:Jendouba Governorate]] |
[[Category:Jendouba Governorate]] |
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[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Africa]] |
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[[Category:Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Africa]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:09, 12 April 2024
 Roman bridge of Thuburnica | |
  Shown within Tunisia | |
| Location | Tunisia |
|---|---|
| Region | Jendouba Governorate |
| Coordinates | 36°31′37″N 8°28′12″E / 36.527°N 8.470°E |
Thuburnica was an ancient Roman-Berber city in the Maghreb. It was located in the present-day El Kalâa, near Chemtou in western Tunisia. It may have been the ancient town of Bulla Regia.
History[edit]
The Late Roman Republican general Caius Marius started the Roman presence in Thuburnica, allowing some of his veterans (the "Conditores coloniae" or 'founders of the colonia') to settle in a small ancient Berber village just south of Tabarka, near the border between present Tunisia and Algeria.[1]
A few decades later, the first Roman emperor Augustus settled there some of his veterans creating officially a Roman colonia, governed by duumvir' (a pair of collegial, elected municipal magistrates). Thuburnica was one ten colonies founded by emperor Augustus on or near the coast of the Roman province of Mauretania for the retirement of the veterans of his legions, the others being: Rusucurru, Tubusuctu, Igilgili, Saldae, Rusazu, Rusguniae, Aquae Calidae, Zuccabar, Gunugu and Cartenna.
Since Emperor Diocletianus's provincial reshuffle, Thuburnica was on the border between Mauretania Sitifensis and Africa Proconsularis (roughly modern Tunisia).
The people of Thuburnica were members of the tribal "Arnense" group. Most of the population of Thuburnica in the third century were descendants of the Roman legionaries and this fact made the city one of the most romanised in ancient Mauretania. The Christian religion became the most important only in the fourth century:[2] paganism was still practiced prominently in Emperor Hadrian's time in a local temple dedicated to Ba'al Hammon,[3] later destroyed and finally converted to church.
Thuburnica was conquered by the Vandals and reconquered a century later by Byzantine emperor Justinianus, who built a fortification.
After the Arab invasion in the second half of the seventh century, the city was destroyed and disappeared.
Archeological remains[edit]
There are today few standing edifices dating to Roman Thuburnica. However, a local Roman bridge is still working in perfect conditions.
The ruins include: a mausoleum, two arches, a temple, four cisterns, thermae (public baths), an aqueduct and a small Byzantine fortification.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Location of Thuburnica, south of Thabraca (modern Tabarca)
- ^ Thuburnica (Catholic Bishopric map)
- ^ Persee: "Le mausolée anonyme de Thuburnica" (in French)
Further reading[edit]
- Prevost, Virginie. Les dernières communautés chrétiennes autochtones d’Afrique du Nord. Armand Colin ed. (p. 461-483)
- Smith Reid, James. The Municipalities of the Roman Empire The University of Michigan Press. Chicago, 1913
