Transient-voltage-suppression diode: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0beta) |
AvalerionV (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
|invented = |
|invented = |
||
|first_produced = |
|first_produced = |
||
|symbol = [[ |
|symbol = [[File:Transient voltage suppression diode symbol.svg|60px]] |
||
|pins = |
|pins = |
||
|Other names = thyrector}} |
|Other names = thyrector}} |
||
A '''transient-voltage-suppression''' ('''TVS''') '''diode''', also '''transil''' or '''thyrector''', is an [[electronic component]] used to protect [[electronics]] from [[voltage spike]]s induced on connected wires.<ref> |
A '''transient-voltage-suppression''' ('''TVS''') '''diode''', also '''transil''' or '''thyrector''', is an [[electronic component]] used to protect [[electronics]] from [[voltage spike]]s induced on connected wires.<ref>{{cite journal |
||
{{cite journal |
|||
|journal = Power Electronics Technology |
|journal = Power Electronics Technology |
||
|title = Evaluating TVS Protection Circuits with SPICE |
|title = Evaluating TVS Protection Circuits with SPICE |
||
| Line 30: | Line 29: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
==Description== |
== Description == |
||
The device operates by shunting excess current when the induced voltage exceeds the [[avalanche breakdown]] potential. It is a [[Clamp (circuit)|clamping]] device, suppressing all overvoltages above its breakdown voltage. It automatically resets when the overvoltage goes away, but absorbs much more of the transient energy internally than a similarly rated [[Crowbar (circuit)|crowbar]] device. |
The device operates by shunting excess current when the induced voltage exceeds the [[avalanche breakdown]] potential. It is a [[Clamp (circuit)|clamping]] device, suppressing all overvoltages above its breakdown voltage. It automatically resets when the overvoltage goes away, but absorbs much more of the transient energy internally than a similarly rated [[Crowbar (circuit)|crowbar]] device. |
||
| Line 37: | Line 36: | ||
A bidirectional transient-voltage-suppression diode can be represented by two mutually opposing avalanche diodes in series with one another and connected in parallel with the circuit to be protected. While this representation is schematically accurate, physically the devices are now manufactured as a single component. |
A bidirectional transient-voltage-suppression diode can be represented by two mutually opposing avalanche diodes in series with one another and connected in parallel with the circuit to be protected. While this representation is schematically accurate, physically the devices are now manufactured as a single component. |
||
A transient-voltage-suppression diode can respond to over-voltages faster than other common over-voltage protection components such as [[varistor]]s or [[Surge protector#Gas discharge tube |
A transient-voltage-suppression diode can respond to over-voltages faster than other common over-voltage protection components such as [[varistor]]s or [[Surge protector#Gas discharge tube (GDT)|gas discharge tubes (GDT)]]. The actual clamping occurs in roughly one [[picosecond]], but in a practical circuit the [[inductance]] of the wires leading to the device imposes a higher limit. This makes transient-voltage-suppression diodes useful for protection against very fast and often damaging voltage transients. These fast over-voltage transients are present on all distribution networks and can be caused by either internal or external events, such as lightning or motor arcing. |
||
[[File:Siemens NTBBA 40 183 340-100 - LCDA05-3328.jpg|thumb|TVS diode as array]] |
[[File:Siemens NTBBA 40 183 340-100 - LCDA05-3328.jpg|thumb|TVS diode as array]] |
||
[[Transient voltage suppressor]]s will fail if they are subjected to voltages or conditions beyond those that the particular product was designed to accommodate. There are three key modes in which the TVS will fail: short, open, and degraded device.<ref>{{Cite web |last = | first = | title = Failure Modes and Fusing of TVS Devices |url = http://www.vishay.com/docs/88440/failurem.pdf | publisher = [[Vishay Intertechnology|Vishay General Semiconductor]] | date = 13 August 2007 | accessdate = 8 June 2012 }}</ref> |
[[Transient voltage suppressor]]s will fail if they are subjected to voltages or conditions beyond those that the particular product was designed to accommodate. There are three key modes in which the TVS will fail: short, open, and degraded device.<ref>{{Cite web |last = | first = | title = Failure Modes and Fusing of TVS Devices |url = http://www.vishay.com/docs/88440/failurem.pdf | publisher = [[Vishay Intertechnology|Vishay General Semiconductor]] | date = 13 August 2007 | accessdate = 8 June 2012 }}</ref> |
||
| Line 44: | Line 43: | ||
[[File:Combined TVS and rail-to-rail diodes.svg|thumb|Combined TVS and rail-to-rail diode (unidirectional)]] |
[[File:Combined TVS and rail-to-rail diodes.svg|thumb|Combined TVS and rail-to-rail diode (unidirectional)]] |
||
==Characterization== |
== Characterization == |
||
A TVS diode is characterized by: |
A TVS diode is characterized by: |
||
* ''[[Leakage current]]:'' the amount of current conducted when voltage applied is below the maximum reverse standoff voltage. |
* ''[[Leakage current]]:'' the amount of current conducted when voltage applied is below the maximum reverse standoff voltage. |
||
| Line 54: | Line 53: | ||
* ''Amount of energy it can absorb:'' Because the transients are so brief, all of the energy is initially stored internally as heat; a [[heat sink]] only affects the time to cool down afterwards. Thus, a high-energy TVS must be physically large. If this capacity is too small, the over voltage will possibly destroy the device and leave the circuit unprotected. |
* ''Amount of energy it can absorb:'' Because the transients are so brief, all of the energy is initially stored internally as heat; a [[heat sink]] only affects the time to cool down afterwards. Thus, a high-energy TVS must be physically large. If this capacity is too small, the over voltage will possibly destroy the device and leave the circuit unprotected. |
||
==See also== |
== See also == |
||
* [[Trisil]] |
* [[Trisil]] |
||
* [[Zener diode]] |
* [[Zener diode]] |
||
==References== |
== References == |
||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==Further reading== |
== Further reading == |
||
* ''TVS/Zener Theory and Design Considerations''; ON Semiconductor; 127 pages; 2005; HBD854/D. <small>[http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/HBD854-D.PDF (Free PDF download)]</small> |
* ''TVS/Zener Theory and Design Considerations''; ON Semiconductor; 127 pages; 2005; HBD854/D. <small>[http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/HBD854-D.PDF (Free PDF download)]</small> |
||
Revision as of 00:50, 29 July 2018
 STMicroelectronics Transil TVS devices | |
| Type | Passive |
|---|---|
| Working principle | avalanche breakdown |
| Electronic symbol | |
 | |
A transient-voltage-suppression (TVS) diode, also transil or thyrector, is an electronic component used to protect electronics from voltage spikes induced on connected wires.[1]
Description
The device operates by shunting excess current when the induced voltage exceeds the avalanche breakdown potential. It is a clamping device, suppressing all overvoltages above its breakdown voltage. It automatically resets when the overvoltage goes away, but absorbs much more of the transient energy internally than a similarly rated crowbar device.
A transient-voltage-suppression diode may be either unidirectional or bidirectional. A unidirectional device operates as a rectifier in the forward direction like any other avalanche diode, but is made and tested to handle very large peak currents. The 1.5KE series allows 1500 W of peak power, for a short time.
A bidirectional transient-voltage-suppression diode can be represented by two mutually opposing avalanche diodes in series with one another and connected in parallel with the circuit to be protected. While this representation is schematically accurate, physically the devices are now manufactured as a single component.
A transient-voltage-suppression diode can respond to over-voltages faster than other common over-voltage protection components such as varistors or gas discharge tubes (GDT). The actual clamping occurs in roughly one picosecond, but in a practical circuit the inductance of the wires leading to the device imposes a higher limit. This makes transient-voltage-suppression diodes useful for protection against very fast and often damaging voltage transients. These fast over-voltage transients are present on all distribution networks and can be caused by either internal or external events, such as lightning or motor arcing.
Transient voltage suppressors will fail if they are subjected to voltages or conditions beyond those that the particular product was designed to accommodate. There are three key modes in which the TVS will fail: short, open, and degraded device.[2]
TVS diodes are sometimes referred to as transorbs, from the Vishay trademark TransZorb.
Characterization
A TVS diode is characterized by:
- Leakage current: the amount of current conducted when voltage applied is below the maximum reverse standoff voltage.
- Maximum reverse standoff voltage: the voltage below which no significant conduction occurs.
- Breakdown voltage: the voltage at which some specified and significant conduction occurs.
- Clamping voltage: the voltage at which the device will conduct its fully rated current (hundreds to thousands of amperes).
- Parasitic capacitance: The nonconducting diode behaves like a capacitor, which can distort and corrupt high-speed signals. Lower capacitance is generally preferred.
- Parasitic inductance: Because the actual over voltage switching is so fast, the package inductance is the limiting factor for response speed.
- Amount of energy it can absorb: Because the transients are so brief, all of the energy is initially stored internally as heat; a heat sink only affects the time to cool down afterwards. Thus, a high-energy TVS must be physically large. If this capacity is too small, the over voltage will possibly destroy the device and leave the circuit unprotected.
See also
References
- ^ "Evaluating TVS Protection Circuits with SPICE" (PDF). Power Electronics Technology. 32 (1). Primedia: 44–49. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-03.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Failure Modes and Fusing of TVS Devices" (PDF). Vishay General Semiconductor. 13 August 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
Further reading
- TVS/Zener Theory and Design Considerations; ON Semiconductor; 127 pages; 2005; HBD854/D. (Free PDF download)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transient voltage suppressors.
- "Tailored ESD Protection for various electronic interfaces", Infineon Application Note AN248
- What are TVS diodes, Semtech Application Note SI96-01
- Transient Suppression Devices and Principles, Littelfuse Application Note AN9768
- Transil™ / Trisil™ Comparison, ST application note AN574
- Transient Protection Solutions: Transil™ diode versus Varistor, ST application note AN1826