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Revision as of 22:26, 5 January 2017
This article lists the United States of America's military dead, wounded, and missing person totals for wars and major deployments.
Overview
War or Conflict | Date | Total U.S. Deaths | Wounded | Total U.S. Casualties |
Missing | Sources & Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combat | Other | Total | ||||||
American Revolutionary War | 1775–1783 | 8,000 | 17,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 50,000 | ||
Northwest Indian War | 1785–1796 | 1,056+ | 1,056+ | 825+ | 1,881+ | [1][2][3] | ||
Quasi-War | 1798–1800 | 20 | 494[4] | 514 | 42 | 556 | [4][5] | |
First Barbary War | 1801–1805 | 35 | 39 | 74 | 64 | 138 | [6][7]: 25–27 [8][9] | |
Other actions against pirates | 1800–1900 | 36 | 158+[7]: 42 | 194+ | 100+ | 294+ | [5][10][11][b] | |
Chesapeake–Leopard Affair | 1807 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 21 | [5] | |
War of 1812 | 1812–1815 | 2,260 | 12,740~ | 15,000~ | 4,505 | 20,000~ | [12] | |
Nuka Hiva Campaign | 1813–1814 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 16 | [7]: 34–38 | |
Creek War | 1813–1814 | 575 | [13] | |||||
Second Barbary War | 1815 | 4 | 134[14] | 10 | 148 | [15] | ||
First Seminole War | 1817–1818 | 47 | 0 | 47 | 36 | 83 | [16] | |
First Sumatran Expedition | 1832 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 13 | [5] | ||
Black Hawk War | 1832 | 47 | 258[17][18] | 305 | 85 | 390 | [19] | |
Second Seminole War | 1835–1842 | 328 | 1,207 | 1,535 | [20] | |||
Mexican–American War | 1846–1848 | 1,733 | 11,550 | 13,283 | 4,152 | 17,435 | [21] | |
Cayuse War | 1847–1856 | 40 | 1 | 41 | 74 | 115 | [22] | |
Rogue River Wars | 1851–1856 | 190 | 6 | 196 | 293 | 489 | [23] | |
Yakima War | 1855–1856 | 32 | 2 | 34 | 92 | 126 | [24] | |
Third Seminole War | 1855–1858 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 53 | [25] | ||
Second Opium War | 1856–1860 | 12 | 12 | 39 | 51 | [7] | ||
Coeur d'Alene War | 1858 | 36 | 36 | 60 | 96 | [26] | ||
Civil War: total | 1861–1865 | 214,938 | 400K-500K | 750,000~ [27] | [c][28] [not specific enough to verify] | |||
Union | 140,414 | 224,097 | 364,511 | 281,881 | 646,392 | [29] | ||
Confederate | 74,524–94,000[30] | 225,000~ | 299,524~ | |||||
Dakota War of 1862 (Little Crow's War) |
1862 | 70–113 | 70–113 | 150 | 220–263 | [31][32][33][34] | ||
Shimonoseki Straits | 1863 | 4–5[5][35] | 0 | 4–5 | 6[5] | 10 | [5][35] | |
Snake Indian War | 1864–1868 | 30 | 30 | 128 | 158 | [24] | ||
Indian Wars | 1865–1898 | 919 | 1,025 | [21] | ||||
Red Cloud's War | 1866–1868 | 126 | 126 | 100 | 226 | [36][37][38] | ||
Korea (Shinmiyangyo) | 1871 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 12 | [39] | ||
Modoc War | 1872–1873 | 56 | 56 | 88 | 144 | [40][41] | ||
Great Sioux War | 1875–1877 | 314 | 314 | 211 | 525 | [42][43] | ||
Nez Perce War | 1877 | 134 | 134 | 157 | 291 | [44][45] | ||
Bannock War | 1878 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 22 | 34 | [46][47] | |
Ute War | 1879 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 52 | 67 | [46][48] | |
Sheepeater Indian War | 1879 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 11 | [46] | ||
Samoan crisis | 1887–1889 | 0 | 62 | 62 | 62 | [49] | ||
Ghost Dance War | 1890–1891 | 35 | 35 | 64 | 99 | [50][51] | ||
Sugar Point Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians |
1898 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 16 | 23 | 0 | [52] |
Spanish–American War | 1898 | 385 | 2,061 | 2,446 | 1,622 | 4,068 | [21] | |
Philippine–American War | 1898–1913 | 1,020 | 3,176 | 4,196 | 2,930 | 7,126 | [21] | |
Boxer Rebellion | 1900–1901 | 68 | 63 | 131 | 204 | 335 | 0 | [53] |
Santo Domingo Affair | 1904 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | [5] | |
United States occupation of Nicaragua | 1910, 1912–1925, 1927–1933 | 90 | 69 | 159 | 290 | 449 | [54][55]>[56] | |
Mexican Revolution | 1914–1919 | 120 | 61 | 181 | 319 | 500 | [57] | |
Occupation of Haiti | 1915–1934 | 10 | 138 | 148 | 26+ | 184+ | [5][58] | |
World War I | 1917–1918 | 53,402 | 63,114 | 116,516 | 204,002 | 320,518 | 3,350 | [21][d] |
North Russia Campaign | 1918–1920 | 424 | [59] | |||||
American Expeditionary Force Siberia | 1918–1920 | 160 | 168 | 328 | 52+ | 380+ | [7]: 228 | |
China | 1918; 1921; 1926–1927; 1930; 1937 | 5 | 78 | 83 | [54] | |||
World War II | 1941–1945 | 291,557 | 113,842 | 405,399 | 670,846 | 1,076,245 | 30,314 | [21]See Note DA below |
Greek Civil War | 1944-1949 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 6 | [60] | ||
Chinese Civil War | 1945–1950 | 14 | 150 | 164 | 51 | 215 | [60] | |
Berlin Blockade | 1948–1949 | 31 | [61] | |||||
Korean War | 1950–1953 | 33,686 | 2,830 | 36,516 | 92,134 | 128,650 | 4,759 | Note: 4,759 MIA-See Note E below |
U.S.S.R. Cold War | 1947–1991 | 32 | 12 | 44 | [54] | |||
China Cold War | 1950–1972 | 16 | 16 | [54] | ||||
Vietnam War | 1955–1975 | 47,424 | 10,785 | 58,209 | 153,303 | 211,454 | 2,489[62] | [21][63] Note as of 20 February 2014 Vietnam MIA Are 1,643[64] |
1958 Lebanon crisis | 1958 | 1[65] | 5[65][66] | 6 | 1+[67] | 7+ | [68] | |
Bay of Pigs Invasion | 1961 | 4 | 4 | 4 | [69] | |||
Cuban Missile Crisis | 1962 | 1 | 19 | 20 | 20 | [60] | ||
Dominican Republic | 1965–1966 | 27 | 20 | 47 | 283 | 330 | [54][60][70] | |
USS Liberty incident | 1967 | 34 | 171 | |||||
Iran | 1980 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 12 | 0 | [71] |
El Salvador Civil War | 1980–1992 | 22 | 15 | 37 | 35 | [72][73][74][75] | ||
Beirut deployment | 1982–1984 | 256 | 266 | 169 | [76] | |||
Persian Gulf escorts | 1987–1988 | 39 | 0 | 39 | 31 | |||
Invasion of Grenada | 1983 | 18 | 1 | 19 | 119 | [76] | ||
1986 Bombing of Libya | 1986 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | [77] | |
Invasion of Panama | 1989 | 23 | 40 | 324 | [76] | |||
Gulf War | 1990–1991 | 149 | 145 | 294 | 849 | 1,143 | 0[78] | [79] |
Operation Provide Comfort | 1991–1996 | 1 | 18 | 19 | 4 | 23 | [80][81] | |
Somalia | 1992–1993 | 29 | 14 | 43 | 153 | [76] | ||
Haiti | 1994–1995 | 1 | 4 | 3 | [76] | |||
Colombia | 1994–present | 0 | 8[82][83] | 8 | [84] | |||
Bosnia-Herzegovina | 1995–2004 | 1 | 11 | 12 | [85] | |||
Kosovo War | 1998–1999 | 4 | 14 | 18 | N/A | 18+ | 2 | [86] |
Afghanistan War | 2001–present | 1,954* | 471 | 2,356 | 18,675 | 20,904 | 0 | [f][87][88] |
Iraq War | 2003–2011 | 3,836* | 961 | 4,497 | 32,222 | 36,710 | 2 | [87] |
Operation kill them dam muslims | 2014– | 4 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 28 | 1 | [89] |
Total | 1775–present | 666,440+ | 673,929+ | 1,354,664+ | 1,498,237+ | 2,852,901+ | 40,917+ |
Wars ranked by total number of American military deaths
Rank | War | Years | Deaths | Deaths per Day | US Population in First Year of War | Deaths per Population |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | American Civil War | 1861–65 | 750,000[27] | 420 | 31,443,000 | 2.385% (1860) |
2 | World War II | 1941–45 | 405,399 | 297 | 133,402,000 | 0.307% (1940) |
3 | World War I | 1917–18 | 116,516 | 279 | 103,268,000 | 0.110% (1920) |
4 | Vietnam War | 1961–75 | 58,209 | 11 | 179,323,175 (1960) | 0.030% (1970) |
5 | Korean War | 1950–53 | 54,246 | 45 | 151,325,000 | 0.020% (1950) |
6 | American Revolutionary War | 1775–83 | 25,000 | 11 | 2,500,000 | 0.899% (1780) |
7 | War of 1812 | 1812–15 | 15,000 | 15 | 8,000,000 | 0.207% (1810) |
8 | Mexican–American War | 1846–48 | 13,283 | 29 | 21,406,000 | 0.057% (1850) |
9 | Iraq War/Afghanistan Wars | 2001– 2014 | 7,222 | 2 | 294,043,000 | 0.002% (2010) |
10 | Philippine–American War | 1899–1902 | 4,196 | 3.8 | 72,129,001 | 0.006% (1900) |
"Deaths per day" is the total number of Americans killed in military service, divided by the number of days between the dates of the commencement and end of hostilities. "Deaths per population" is the total number of deaths in military service, divided by the U.S. population of the year indicated.
Wars ranked by American combat deaths
Rank | War | Years | Deaths |
---|---|---|---|
1 | World War II | 1941–45 | 291,557 |
2 | American Civil War | 1861–65 | 212,938 |
3 | World War I | 1917–18 | 53,402 |
4 | Vietnam War | 1955–75 | 47,424 |
5 | Korean War | 1950–53 | 33,746 |
6 | American Revolutionary War | 1775–83 | 8,000 |
7 | Iraq War/Afghanistan Wars | 2001–2014 | 5,650 [90] |
8 | War of 1812 | 1812–15 | 2,260 |
9 | Mexican–American War | 1846–48 | 1,733 |
10 | Second Seminole War | 1835–1842 | 1,500+ |
Notes
a. ^ Revolutionary War: All figures from the Revolutionary War are rounded estimates. Commonly cited casualty figures provided by the Department of Defense are 4,435 killed and 6,188 wounded, although the original government report that generated these numbers warned that the totals were incomplete and far too low.[91] Nevertheless, the numbers are often repeated without this warning, such as on the United States Department of Veteran Affairs website.[92] In 1974, historian Howard Peckham and a team of researchers came up with a total of 6,824 killed in action and 8,445 wounded. Because of incomplete records, Peckham estimated that this new total number of killed in action was still about 1,000 too low.[93] Military historian John Shy subsequently estimated the total killed in action at 8,000, and argued that the number of wounded was probably far higher, about 25,000.[94] The "other" deaths are primarily from disease, including prisoners who died on British prison ships.
b. ^ Other Actions Against Pirates: Includes actions fought in the West Indies, the Greek Isles, off of Louisiana, China and Vietnam. Other deaths resulted from disease and accidents.
c. ^ Civil War: All Union casualty figures, and Confederate killed in action, from The Oxford Companion to American Military History except where noted (NPS figures).[21] estimate of total Confederate dead from James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (Oxford University Press, 1988), 854. Newer estimates place the total death toll at 650,000 to 850,000.[27] 148 of the Union dead were U.S. Marines.[95]
CA. ^ Civil War April 2, 2012 Doctor David Hacker after extensive research offered new casualty rates higher by 20%; his work has been accepted by the academic community and is represented here.
d. ^ World War I figures include expeditions in North Russia and Siberia. See also World War I casualties
da.^ World War II Note: as of March 31, 1946 there were an estimated 286,959 dead of whom 246,492 were identified; of 40,467 who were unidentified 18,641 were located {10,986 reposed in military cemeteries and 7,655 in isolated graves} and 21,826 were reported not located. As of April 6, 1946 there were 539 American Military Cemeteries which contained 241,500 dead.[96] Note the American Battle Monuments Commission database for the World War II reports that in 18 ABMC Cemeteries total of 93,238 buried and 78,979 missing and that "The World War II database on this web site contains the names of those buried at our cemeteries, or listed as Missing in Action, buried or lost at sea. It does not contain the names of the 233,174 Americans returned to the United States for burial..." Similarly, the ABMC Records do not cover inter-War deaths such as the Port Chicago disaster in which 320 died. As of November 2, 2011 Total of US World War II casualties {Military and Civilian} not recovered is 73,692; by February 15, 2014 the total of US World War II Casualties {Military and Civilian} not recovered is 73,637; total of US World War II Casualties buried at sea are 6,061.
e. ^ Korean War: Note:[21] gives Dead as 33,746 and Wounded as 103, 284 and MIA as 8,177. The POW/MIA gives the figures listed here: for example: The total "Battle Dead" of 33,686 is broken down into 23,637 KIA; 2,484 DOW: 4,759 MIA; 2,806 {POWS}. 2,830 are given as non-battle deaths; wounded 103,284 is given as the Number of incidences of wounded-including individual personnel wounded multiple times ;likewise 17,730 are listed separately as having died elsewhere Worldwide during Korean War. The American Battle Monuments Commission database for the Korean War reports that "The Department of Defense reports that 54,246 American service men and women lost their lives during the Korean War. This includes all losses worldwide. Since the Korean War Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. honors all U.S. Military who lost their lives during the War, we have tried to obtain the names of those who died in other areas besides Korea during the period June 27, 1950 to July 27, 1954, one year after the Korean Armistice...". {For a breakdown of Worldwide casualties of 54,246 see The Korean War educator at [97] gives figures as In-theatre/non theater} After their retreat in 1950, dead Marines and soldiers were buried at a temporary gravesite near Hungnam, North Korea. During "Operation Glory" which occurred from July to November 1954 the dead of each side were exchanged; remains of 4,167 US soldiers/Marines were exchanged for 13,528 North Korean/Chinese dead.[98] After "Operation Glory" 416 Korean War "unknowns" were buried in the Punchbowl Cemetery. According to a DPMO white paper [99] 1,394 names were also transmitted during "Operation Glory" from the Chinese and North Koreans {of whom 858 names proved to be correct}; of the 4,167 returned remains were found to be 4,219 individuals of whom 2,944 were found to be Americans of whom all but 416 were identified by name. Of 239 Korean War unaccounted for: 186 not associated with Punchbowl unknowns {176 were identified and of the remaining 10 cases 4 were non-Americans of Asiatic descent; one was British; 3 were identified and 2 cases unconfirmed}; Of 10 Korean War "Punchbowl Unknowns" 6 were identified. The W.A. Johnson listing of 496 POWs-including 25 Civilians [100]-who died in North Korea can be found here-[101] and here[102]
According to report of June 24, 2008 at [103]
- Number of remains total unaccounted for: 8,055
- Number of remains repatriated are: 489 of whom 100 are identified
Update on report of July 6, 2010 at [104]
- Number of remains total unaccounted for: 8,028 {6184 US Army; 910 USAF; 278 US NAVY; 656 USMC}
- Number of remains total identified are: 134 {117 US Army; 10 USAF; 1 US Navy: 6 USMC}
Update of report of October 26, 2011 at [105]
- Number of remains total unaccounted for: 7,983
- Number of remains either repatriated from North/South Korea; China; Japan or disinterred from Punchbowl cemetery: 678 of which the number have been identified from 1982 to 2011: 174
Update of report as of December 21, 2011: Listed as MIA: 7,973 at [64] As of January 20, 2014:Listed as MIA: 7,891.[64]
ea. ^ Cold War – Korea and Vietnam and Middle East-additional US Casualties:
- North Korea {Cold War} 1959:1968-1969;1976;1984 killed 41; Wounded 5; 82 captured/released.[106]
- USS Liberty incident 1967 killed 34; Wounded 173 by Israeli armed forces
- Vietnam War prior to 1964-US Casualties were Laos-2 killed in 1954; and Vietnam 1946–1954 2 killed see;[107]
f. ^ Iraq War. See also Casualties of the conflict in Iraq since 2003. Sources: .[108]
g. ^ Afghanistan. Casualties include those that occurred in Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guantanamo Bay (Cuba), Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Philippines, Seychelles, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Yemen.
See also
References
- ^ John Grenier The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier (Cambridge University Press) pg 195–200
- ^ Rajitar 33–36, 71–73
- ^ Konstantin 11–14, 111
- ^ a b Michael A Palmer Stoddert's War: Naval Operations During the Quasi-War with France 1798–1801 (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1987) pg 119, 208, 218, 228
- ^ Joseph Wheelan Jefferson's War, (Carol and Graph Publishers, 2003) pg 208–228
- ^ a b c d e Boot, Max (2002). The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power. Da Capo Press.
- ^ Gregory Fremont-Barnes Wars of the Barbary Coast: To the Shores of Tripoli (Osprey Publishing 2006)
- ^ John Randolph Spears David G Farragut (Cornell University Press, 2009) pg 39
- ^ Edgar Stanton Maclay, A History of the United States Navy from 1775 to 1894pg 120–127
- ^ Peter Earle, The Pirate Wars (St Martins, 2003) pg 233–245
- ^ The "other" deaths were primarily from disease. Donald R. Hickey, Don't Give Up the Ship! Myths of the War of 1812t (University of Illinois Press, 2006), 297.
- ^ Richard Blackmon, The Creek War, 1813-1814 (Center of Military History, 2014), 40.
- ^ Joseph Wheelan Jefferson's War pg 357
- ^ Joseph Wheelan Jefferson's War (Carol and Graf 2003), pg 354,357
- ^ Colonel Raymond K Bluhm US Army A Complete History (The Army Historical Foundation) pg 154
- ^ Bluhm 166
- ^ Kerry A Trask Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America (Henry Holt and Co, 2006) pg 271–276
- ^ Patrick Jung The Black Hawk War of 1832 (University of Oklahoma Press) pg 170–172
- ^ "WAR STATS REDIRECT". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i John W. Chambers, II, ed. in chief, The Oxford Companion to American Military History. (Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-507198-0), 849.
- ^ Frances Fuller Victor, The Cayuse Wars (The Early Indian Wars of Oregon, Pt 1. (Taxus Baccata Books, 2006, ISBN 0-9729830-5-8), 211.
- ^ AG Henry, Rogue River War. (YE Galleon Press, 1996, ISBN 0-87770-573-9), 39.
- ^ a b CW.Cornell, Deadliest Indian War in the West: The Snake Conflict 1864–1868(Caxton Press, 2007)
- ^ Joe Knetscii Florida's Seminole Wars: 1817–1858 (Florida Historical Society)pg 152
- ^ Ray Hoard Glassley Pacific Northwest Indian Wars (Binford and Mort, 1953) 244.
- ^ a b c Gugliotta, Guy (April 2, 2012). "New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll". New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
- ^ America's Wars, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, November 2011
- ^ DCAS Reports - Principal Wars, 1775 - 1991, U.S. Department of Defense, May 2015
- ^ "Facts". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ "WAR STATS REDIRECT". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Yenne pg 95–99
- ^ Jerry Keenan The Great Sioux Uprising(Da Capo Press)
- ^ Alvin Josephy jr Civil War in the American West (Vintage Press 1993)
- ^ a b Long,Barbara. The Civil War Day by Day:An Almanac pg 386
- ^ Yenne pg 117–124
- ^ Rajitar
- ^ Konstantin
- ^ Dispatch from Commodore John Rodgers to the Secretary of the Navy, Corea, June 23, 1871
- ^ Yenne 151–156
- ^ Rajtar 46–48
- ^ Yenne pg 175–211
- ^ Rajtar pg 88–91
- ^ Kurt Nelson, Fighting for Paradise: A Military History of the Pacific Northwest (Westholme, 2008) pg 277
- ^ Yenne 239–244
- ^ a b c Phil Konstantin, This Day in North American Indian History (Da Capo, 2002)
- ^ Yenne 245–248
- ^ Yenne Pg 250
- ^ Ryden, George Herbert. The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa. New York: Octagon Books, 1975. (Reprint by special arrangement with Yale University Press. Originally published at New Haven: Yale University Press, 1928. pg.449
- ^ Steve Rajtar, Indian War Sites (McFarland, 1999), pg 230–232
- ^ Yenne 286–294
- ^ Bill Yenne, Indian Wars: The Campaign for the American West. (Westholme Publishing, 2008) 296.
- ^ Journal of the Military Service Institution of The United States Vol 38 pg 572 [1]
- ^ a b c d e Casualties: U. S. Navy and Marine Corps Archived June 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Listing of USMC Casualties
- ^ Keith B Bickel Mars Learning: the Marine Corps development of small wars doctrine 1915–1940 (Westview Press) pg 119
- ^ Congressional Serial Set. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Keith B Bickel Mars Learning: the Marine Corps development of small wars doctrine 1915–1940 (Westview Press) pg 91
- ^ Hudson, Miles (2004). Intervention in Russia 1918–1920: A Cautionary Tale. Pen and Sword. ISBN 1-84415-033-X.
- ^ a b c d Richard K Kolb, Cold War Clashes: Confronting Communism, 1945-1991 (VFW Publications, Kansas City MO, 2004) pg 129
- ^ "The Berlin Airlift". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Note as of December 2, 2011 Vietnam MIA are 1,679 see DPMO
- ^ page 7 of https://fas.org/press/_docs/RL32492.pdf
- ^ a b c "404w DTIC Maintenanc". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ a b [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ pg 32
- ^ Pages 31–32 of http://www.marines.mil/news/publications/Documents/Marines%20in%20Lebanon%201958%20PCN%2019000318500.pdf
- ^ John Padros, Safe For Democracy:The Secret Wars of the CIA(Ivan R Lee Publishers Chicago 2006) pg 263
- ^ Operation Power Pack Archived September 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Peter Huchthausen, America's Splended Little Wars pg 37
- ^ Bradley Graham, Medals Granted After Acknowledgement of US Role in El Salvador, Washington Post; 5/6/1996 1A
- ^ Miami Herald Copter Crash kills 5 near San Salvador, 2/26/1991. 4A
- ^ Ted Gup Star Agents: The anonymous stars in the CIA Book of Honor, Washington Post; 9/7/1997 WO6
- ^ Army Air Crews Line of Duty Deaths http://www.armyaircrews.com/
- ^ a b c d e Table 13, Worldwide U.S. Active Duty Military Deaths,
Selected Military Operations, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-01-22. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), SAID, U.S. Department of Defense - ^ Peter Huchthausen, America's Splendid Little Wars: A Short History of U.S. Military Engagements 1975–2000. (Viking Press, 2003) pg 96.
- ^ Initials may offer clue to missing Gulf War pilot Note: ID and found August 2009
- ^ Cauchon, Dennis (2003-04-21). "Why U.S. casualties were low". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
- ^ http://www.marines.mil/news/publications/Documents/Humanitarian%20Operations%20in%20Nothern%20Iraq,%20Operation%20Provide%20Comfort%20PCN%2019000316500_2.PDF
- ^ "ARMY AIR CREWS: Black Hawk Crewmembers Line of Duty Deaths". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ "Navy Chopper Crashes Near Colombia". CBS News. December 13, 2005.
- ^ Congressional Record, V. 146, Pt. 6, May 10, 2000 to May 23, 2000. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ America's Viceroys. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ United States Army
- ^ "Two die in Apache crash". BBC News. 1999-05-05. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ http://icasualties.org/OEF/ByMonth.aspx
- ^ "Air Force pilot killed in Middle East crash identified". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Casualties, U.S. Defense Department, April 1, 2013 Archived November 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Howard H. Peckham, ed., The Toll of Independence: Engagements & Battle Casualties of the American Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), xii.
- ^ Fact Sheet: America's Wars, accessed December 2006.
- ^ Peckham, Toll of Independence, 131.
- ^ John Shy, A People Numerous and Armed: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence (revised edition, University of Michigan Press, 1990, ISBN 0-472-06431-2), 249–50.
- ^ Reference Branch (2016). "Marine Corps Casualties: 1775-2015". Frequently Requested. USMC History Division. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ^ "Graves Registration - Graves Registration in World War II". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ "Korean War Educator: Korean War Casualty Information". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Korean War Exchange of Dead – Operation GLORY
- ^ "404w DTIC Maintenanc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 27, 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "404w DTIC Maintenanc". Retrieved 18 February 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ [5]
- ^ "404w DTIC Maintenanc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
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: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ [6]
- ^ List of border incidents involving North Korea
- ^ Vietnam War casualties
- ^ "U.S. and Coalition Casualties: Iraq". CNN. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
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External links
- Louisiana State University's statistical summary of major American wars
- Washington Post database of all U.S. service-member casualties
- CNN list of U.S. Casualties in Iraq since 2003.
- Complete list of U.S. Casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2003.
- Fact Sheet on American Wars from the VA
- DoD historical death tolls
- Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls
- Iraq Casualties
- Navy and Marine death tolls
- Iraq and Afghanistan Casualty Count
- The McGavock Confederate Cemetery at Franklin, TN