Viseu Cathedral: Difference between revisions

Upper façade and towers of Viseu Cathedral.

Viseu Cathedral is the bishopric seat of the city of Viseu, in Portugal. The church started being built in the 12th century and is currently an important mix of architectural styles, specially from the Manueline, Renaissance and Mannerist periods.

Inner stone vaulting with ribs in the shape of twisted ropes and knots.

History

Viseu was an important religious centre in the times of Sueve domination (5th-6th centuries), when an Early Christian basilica was built on the site of the present cathedral. Christian life in the city was disturbed in the 8th century with the arrival of Moorish invaders, who dominated Viseu until Ferdinand I of León reconquered it in 1058. The bishopric seat was reestablished in the mid-12th century, when the current cathedral building started beng erected, but little remains from this early Romanesque building. The church was greatly enlarged in the following centuries of the Middle Ages, assuming its present configuration as a three-aisled building with three Eastern chapels.

From an artistic point of view, the most important building campaigns took place in the 16th century. Bishop Diogo Ortiz de Vilhena encharged architect João de Castilho with the construction of the stone roof of the church and a new façade, which were finished around 1513. Date from this time the rib vaulting of the aisles with decorative ribs in the shape of twisted ropes and knots, a masterpiece of the Manueline style. Around 1539, bishop Miguel da Silva entrusted the building of a new cloister to Italian architect Francisco da Cremona, who designed a fine Renaissance structure.

Also in the first half of the 16th century the cathedral was enriched with several series of painted altarpieces commissioned to leading artists of the time, the most celebrated of which was Vasco Fernandes. These altarpieces can be seen nowadays in the Grão Vasco Museum, located beside the cathedral.

The old Gothic main chapel was replaced by a new one in the early 17th century. In 1635, a tower and the Manueline portal were destroyed during a storm, and a new one was entrusted to Salamanca architect João Moreno. The current façade, in the shape of a Mannerist altarpiece, dates from this time. In the Baroque period the cathedral was enriched with an organ, pulpits, altarpieces and tiles (azulejos).

References

• Portuguese Institute for Architectural Heritage [1]
• General Bureau for National Buildings and Monuments (Portugal) [2]
• History of Viseu in the Municipality website [3]