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Coordinates: 47°24′03″N 15°53′21″E / 47.40083°N 15.88917°E / 47.40083; 15.88917
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{{Short description|Augustinian abbey in Styria, Austria}}
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{{Expand language|langcode=de|otherarticle=Stift Vorau|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
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{{Expand German|topic=struct|Stift Vorau|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox monastery
{{Infobox monastery
| name = Vorau Abbey
| name = Vorau Abbey
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| coordinates = {{Coord|47|24|03|N|15|53|21|E|display=inline, title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|47|24|03|N|15|53|21|E|display=inline, title}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.stift-vorau.at/}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.stift-vorau.at/}}
| image = Stift Vorau 07 Pan 4.jpg
| image = Vorau - Stift, Luftaufnahme.JPG
| alt = Front facade of the Voau Abbey
| alt = Aerial view of Vorau Abbey
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Graz-Seckau|Diocese of Graz-Seckau]]
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Graz-Seckau|Diocese of Graz-Seckau]]
}}
}}


The '''Vorau Abbey''' is a an [[abbey]] of the [[Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular]] located in [[Vorau]], [[Styria]], Austria.
'''Vorau Abbey''' ({{Lang-de|Stift Vorau}}) is an [[abbey]] of the [[Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular]] located in [[Vorau]], [[Styria]], Austria. Founded in 1163, it contains an ornate Viennese [[Baroque architecture|High Baroque]] [[collegiate church]] and library that date to the 18th century.


== History ==
== History ==
The Vorau Abbey was founded in 1163 by Margrave [[Ottokar III of Styria]] as an act of gratitude for the birth of his son, [[Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria|Ottokar IV]].<ref name=":1" /> He donated lands to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg|Archbishop of Salzburg]], [[Eberhard I (archbishop of Salzburg)|Eberhard I]], who oversaw its construction. The [[Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular]] took up residence upon its completion.<ref name=":2">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Voau, Monastery of|encyclopedia=New Catholic Encyclopedia|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/vorau-monastery|access-date=March 5, 2021|last=Fank|first=P.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001232157/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/vorau-monastery|archive-date=October 1, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Vorau Abbey was founded in 1163 by Margrave [[Ottokar III of Styria]] as an act of gratitude for the birth of his son, [[Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria|Ottokar IV]].<ref name=":1" /> He donated lands to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg|Archbishop of Salzburg]], [[Eberhard I (archbishop of Salzburg)|Eberhard I]], who oversaw the abbey's construction. The [[Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular]] took up residence upon its completion.<ref name=":2">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Vorau, Monastery of|encyclopedia=New Catholic Encyclopedia|edition=2nd|year=2003|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]]|volume=14|p=588|isbn=0-7876-4018-2|url=https://cvdvn.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/new-catholic-encyclopedia-vol-14.pdf|access-date=March 5, 2021|last=Fank|first=P.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116175203/https://cvdvn.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/new-catholic-encyclopedia-vol-14.pdf|archive-date=January 16, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>


The territory in which the abbey is located was the subject of frequent invasion by neighboring countries.<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, the abbey was walled in 1458 and many defensive features were built,<ref name=":2" /> including [[Fortified tower|towers]], a [[moat]] and iron bars at the entrance. With 15 towers, the abbey has more than any other [[monastery]] in Austria. With such defenses, the residents of Vorau often sought refuge inside the monastery during time of invasion.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=General Information|url=https://www.stift-vorau.at/en/general-information/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504170649/https://www.stift-vorau.at/en/general-information/|archive-date=May 4, 2016|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=Stift Vorau}}</ref>
The territory in which the abbey is located was the subject of frequent invasion by neighboring countries.<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, the abbey was walled in 1458 and many defensive features were built,<ref name=":2" /> including [[Fortified tower|towers]], a [[moat]] and iron bars at the entrance. With 15 towers, the abbey has more than any other [[monastery]] in Austria. With such defenses, the residents of Vorau often sought refuge inside the monastery during time of invasion.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=General Information|url=https://www.stift-vorau.at/en/general-information/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504170649/https://www.stift-vorau.at/en/general-information/|archive-date=May 4, 2016|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=Stift Vorau}}</ref>


The abbey's first [[collegiate church]] was built in the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style, following a fire in 1237. The church was later redesigned in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style.<ref name=":2" /> It was again rebuilt from 1660 to 1662, designed by Swiss architect {{Interlanguage link|Domenico Sciassia|lt=Domenico Sciassia|fr|Domenico Sciassia|de|Domenico Sciassia}}. In 1700, the church was finally redesigned by [[Matthias Steinl]] in the Viennese [[Baroque architecture|High Baroque]] style. Its [[High Altar|high altar]] was built from 1701 to 1704, while the [[pulpit]] dates to 1706. The [[sacristy]] is decorated with [[fresco]]es by {{Interlanguage link|Johann Cyriak Hackhofer|lt=Johann Cyriak Hackhofer|de|Johann Cyriak Hackhofer}}, the abbey's resident painter, who created them in 1715 and 1716.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Vorau Abbey|url=https://www.schloesserstrasse.com/seite.mv?10-92-00-00+&lg=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117183956/https://www.schloesserstrasse.com/seite.mv?10-92-00-00+&lg=en|archive-date=January 17, 2021|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=Castle Road|publisher=Cooperation Programme Interreg V-A Slovenia-Austria}}</ref> The church has been described as the "most splendid baroque church in Styria."<ref name=":2" />
The abbey's first [[collegiate church]] was built in the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style, following a fire in 1237. The church was later redesigned in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style.<ref name=":2" /> It was again rebuilt from 1660 to 1662, designed by Swiss architect {{Interlanguage link|Domenico Sciassia|lt=Domenico Sciassia|fr|Domenico Sciassia|de|Domenico Sciassia}}. In 1700, the church was finally redesigned by [[Matthias Steinl]] in the Viennese [[Baroque architecture|High Baroque]] style. Its [[High Altar|high altar]] was built from 1701 to 1704, while the [[pulpit]] dates to 1706. The [[sacristy]] is decorated with [[fresco]]es by {{Interlanguage link|Johann Cyriak Hackhofer|lt=Johann Cyriak Hackhofer|de|Johann Cyriak Hackhofer}}, the abbey's resident painter, who created them in 1715 and 1716.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Vorau Abbey|url=https://www.schloesserstrasse.com/seite.mv?10-92-00-00+&lg=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117183956/https://www.schloesserstrasse.com/seite.mv?10-92-00-00+&lg=en|archive-date=January 17, 2021|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=Castle Road|publisher=Cooperation Programme Interreg V-A Slovenia-Austria}}</ref> Writing in the ''[[New Catholic Encyclopedia]]'', local librarian and archivist Pius Fank described the church as the "most splendid baroque church in Styria."<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Index|encyclopedia=New Catholic Encyclopedia|edition=2nd|year=2003|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]]|volume=15|p=40|isbn=0-7876-4019-0|url=https://cvdvn.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/new-catholic-encyclopedia-vol-15.pdf|quote=FANK, ANTON PIUS, CRSA, Librarian and Archivist, Augustiner Chorherrenstift, Vorau, Austria |access-date=March 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331101225/https://cvdvn.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/new-catholic-encyclopedia-vol-15.pdf|archive-date=March 31, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>


The abbey's library was built in 1731.<ref name=":2" /> It contains 40,000 books, 206 [[Incunable|incunabula]], and 416 [[manuscript]]s,<ref name=":0" /> as well as the oldest collection of [[Middle High German]] poems.<ref name=":2" />
The abbey's library was built in 1731.<ref name=":2" /> It contains 40,000 books, 206 [[Incunable|incunabula]], and 416 [[manuscript]]s,<ref name=":0" /> as well as the oldest collection of [[Middle High German]] poems.<ref name=":2" />


In April 1940, the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] government commandeered the abbey, expelling its [[Canon regular|canons]]. It was subject to heavy bombardment during [[World War II]]. Half of the abbey being destroyed in 1945, though the majority of destruction was confined to outlying farm buildings; the main building, including the church, was largely spared. The abbey's library was significantly damaged during the war, and about 5,000 books were stolen. The canons returned to the monastery after the end of the war in 1945.<ref name=":1" />
In April 1940, the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] government commandeered the abbey, expelling its [[Canon regular|canons]]. It was subject to heavy bombardment during [[World War II]]. Half of the abbey was destroyed in 1945, though the majority of destruction was confined to outlying farm buildings; the main building, including the church, was largely spared. The abbey's library was significantly damaged during the war, and about 5,000 books were stolen. The canons returned to the monastery after the end of the war in 1945.<ref name=":1" />


The complex remains an active abbey. Parts of it are also used as a school, tavern, and private residences.<ref name=":1" />
The complex remains an active abbey. Parts of it are also used as a school, tavern, and private residences.<ref name=":1" />
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|alt1=Vorau Abbey and surrounding farmland
|alt1=Vorau Abbey and surrounding farmland
|Aerial view of the abbey
|Aerial view of the abbey
|File:Stift Vorau 07 Pan 4.jpg
|alt2=Collegiate Church and Prelature
|Front facade of the Vorau Abbey
|File:Vorau2.jpg
|File:Vorau2.jpg
|alt2=Closeup of the central portion of the abbey building
|alt3=Closeup of the central portion of the abbey building
|Entrance
|Entrance
|File:Chorherrenstift Vorau02.jpg
|File:Chorherrenstift Vorau02.jpg
|alt3=Black and white photograph of the abbey and surrounding area
|alt4=Black and white photograph of the abbey and surrounding area
|Abbey in 1940
|Abbey in 1940
|File:Vorau - Stiftsfriedhof, Johanneskirche.JPG
|alt5=Monastery cemetery with church
|Church at the monastery cemetery
|File:Stift Vorau 87 N7D 8879.jpg
|alt6=Ornate column in front of abbey
|Marian column
}}
}}


{{Gallery
{{Gallery
|title=Church and library interior
|title=Church interior
|align=center
|align=center
|File:Vorau - Stiftskirche, Innenansicht.JPG
|alt3=Nave and ceiling of the church
|Elaborate baroque [[nave]]
|File:Stift Vorau Interior 02.JPG
|File:Stift Vorau Interior 02.JPG
|alt1=Closeup of the baroque high altar
|alt1=Closeup of the baroque high altar
Line 55: Line 69:
|alt2=Closeup of the ceiling fresco
|alt2=Closeup of the ceiling fresco
|Sacristy ceiling fresco
|Sacristy ceiling fresco
|File:Stift Vorau 11 Pan 6.jpg
|alt4=Nave, ceiling, and pulpit
|Nave and pulpit (right)
}}

{{Gallery
|title=Library
|align=center
|File:Vorau3.jpg
|File:Vorau3.jpg
|alt3=Bookshelves, staircase, and frescos
|alt1=Bookshelves, staircase, and frescos
|Library hall
|Library hall
|File:Stift Vorau 78 N7D 8863.jpg
|alt2=Bookshelf and globes
|Library bookshelf
}}
}}


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*{{Official website|https://www.stift-vorau.at/}}
*{{Official website|https://www.stift-vorau.at/}}


{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vorau Abbey}}
[[Category:Augustinian monasteries in Austria]]
[[Category:Augustinian monasteries in Austria]]
[[Category:Monasteries in Styria]]
[[Category:1163 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:12th-century establishments in Austria]]
[[Category:Establishments in the Duchy of Styria]]
[[Category:Baroque church buildings in Austria]]

Latest revision as of 07:03, 30 May 2024

Vorau Abbey
Stift Vorau
Aerial view of Vorau Abbey
Monastery information
OrderAustrian Congregation of Canons Regular
DenominationCatholic Church
Established1163 (1163)
DioceseDiocese of Graz-Seckau
People
Founder(s)Ottokar III of Styria
Site
LocationVorau, Styria, Austria
Coordinates47°24′03″N 15°53′21″E / 47.40083°N 15.88917°E / 47.40083; 15.88917
Websitewww.stift-vorau.at

Vorau Abbey (German: Stift Vorau) is an abbey of the Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular located in Vorau, Styria, Austria. Founded in 1163, it contains an ornate Viennese High Baroque collegiate church and library that date to the 18th century.

History

[edit]

Vorau Abbey was founded in 1163 by Margrave Ottokar III of Styria as an act of gratitude for the birth of his son, Ottokar IV.[1] He donated lands to the Archbishop of Salzburg, Eberhard I, who oversaw the abbey's construction. The Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular took up residence upon its completion.[2]

The territory in which the abbey is located was the subject of frequent invasion by neighboring countries.[1] Therefore, the abbey was walled in 1458 and many defensive features were built,[2] including towers, a moat and iron bars at the entrance. With 15 towers, the abbey has more than any other monastery in Austria. With such defenses, the residents of Vorau often sought refuge inside the monastery during time of invasion.[1]

The abbey's first collegiate church was built in the Romanesque style, following a fire in 1237. The church was later redesigned in the Gothic style.[2] It was again rebuilt from 1660 to 1662, designed by Swiss architect Domenico Sciassia [fr; de]. In 1700, the church was finally redesigned by Matthias Steinl in the Viennese High Baroque style. Its high altar was built from 1701 to 1704, while the pulpit dates to 1706. The sacristy is decorated with frescoes by Johann Cyriak Hackhofer [de], the abbey's resident painter, who created them in 1715 and 1716.[3] Writing in the New Catholic Encyclopedia, local librarian and archivist Pius Fank described the church as the "most splendid baroque church in Styria."[2][4]

The abbey's library was built in 1731.[2] It contains 40,000 books, 206 incunabula, and 416 manuscripts,[3] as well as the oldest collection of Middle High German poems.[2]

In April 1940, the Nazi government commandeered the abbey, expelling its canons. It was subject to heavy bombardment during World War II. Half of the abbey was destroyed in 1945, though the majority of destruction was confined to outlying farm buildings; the main building, including the church, was largely spared. The abbey's library was significantly damaged during the war, and about 5,000 books were stolen. The canons returned to the monastery after the end of the war in 1945.[1]

The complex remains an active abbey. Parts of it are also used as a school, tavern, and private residences.[1]

[edit]
Exterior
  • Vorau Abbey and surrounding farmland
    Aerial view of the abbey
  • Collegiate Church and Prelature
    Front facade of the Vorau Abbey
  • Closeup of the central portion of the abbey building
    Entrance
  • Black and white photograph of the abbey and surrounding area
    Abbey in 1940
  • Monastery cemetery with church
    Church at the monastery cemetery
  • Ornate column in front of abbey
    Marian column
Church interior
  • Closeup of the baroque high altar
    Elaborate baroque nave
  • Closeup of the ceiling fresco
    High altar
  • Nave and ceiling of the church
    Sacristy ceiling fresco
  • Nave, ceiling, and pulpit
    Nave and pulpit (right)
Library
  • Bookshelves, staircase, and frescos
    Library hall
  • Bookshelf and globes
    Library bookshelf

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "General Information". Stift Vorau. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Fank, P. (2003). "Vorau, Monastery of" (PDF). New Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14 (2nd ed.). Gale. p. 588. ISBN 0-7876-4018-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Vorau Abbey". Castle Road. Cooperation Programme Interreg V-A Slovenia-Austria. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  4. ^ "Index" (PDF). New Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15 (2nd ed.). Gale. 2003. p. 40. ISBN 0-7876-4019-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021. FANK, ANTON PIUS, CRSA, Librarian and Archivist, Augustiner Chorherrenstift, Vorau, Austria
[edit]
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