Vorbis: Difference between revisions
Mindmatrix (talk | contribs) m Reverted edit by 2600:1006:B13D:972:2646:8AA8:97F1:2EFD (talk) to last version by Squeakachu |
|||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Royalty-free lossy audio encoding format}} |
|||
'''Ogg Vorbis''' is a completely free and open [[audio compression]] ([[codec]]) project from [[Xiphophorous]], and is part of the [[Ogg]] Open multimedia project. Like everything in the Ogg project, Vorbis is completely free of licensing or patent issues raised by other proprietary formats such as [[MP3]]. |
|||
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}} |
|||
{{Use American English|date=October 2023}} |
|||
{{Confused|Vobis}} |
|||
{{Infobox file format |
|||
|logo = Vorbis_many_fish_logo_2005.svg |
|||
|caption = Vorbis logo |
|||
|extension = .ogg<ref name="MIME-and-FileExt">{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.xiph.org/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions|title=MIME Types and File Extensions - XiphWiki|website=wiki.xiph.org}}</ref> |
|||
|mime = application/ogg, audio/ogg, audio/vorbis, audio/vorbis-config |
|||
|type code = |
|||
|uniform type = |
|||
|magic = |
|||
|owner = [[Xiph.Org Foundation]] |
|||
|released = {{start date|2000|05|08}}<ref name="vorbis-freeze-monty"/><ref name="xiph-vorbis-freeze"/> |
|||
|latest release version = Vorbis I |
|||
|latest release date = {{start date|2020|07|04}}<ref name="vorbis-spec">{{cite web | author=Xiph.Org Foundation | title = Vorbis I specification | url = http://www.xiph.org/vorbis/doc/Vorbis_I_spec.html | date=2012-01-20 | access-date=2012-01-31 | publisher=Xiph.Org Foundation}}</ref> |
|||
|type = [[Lossy compression|Lossy]] [[Audio file format|audio]] |
|||
|containerfor = |
|||
|containedby = [[Ogg]], [[Matroska]], [[WebM]] |
|||
|extendedfrom = |
|||
|extendedto = |
|||
|open = Yes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/playogg/en/|title=PlayOgg! - FSF - Free Software Foundation |access-date=2013-10-01|date=2010-03-17}}</ref> |
|||
|free = Yes<ref>{{cite tech report |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |series=Sustainability of Digital Formats |type=Full draft |title=Ogg Vorbis Audio Format |date=19 February 2008 |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000117.shtml |access-date=13 December 2021}}</ref> |
|||
|standard = [http://xiph.org/vorbis/doc/Vorbis_I_spec.html Specification] |
|||
|url = https://xiph.org/vorbis/ |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Infobox software |
|||
| name = libvorbis |
|||
| logo = |
|||
| screenshot = Ogginfo screenshot.png |
|||
| caption = |
|||
| collapsible = |
|||
| author = |
|||
| developer = [[Xiph.Org Foundation]] |
|||
| released = {{start date|2002|07|19}} |
|||
| latest_release_version = 1.3.7 |
|||
| latest_release_date = {{Release date and age|2020|07|04}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/vorbis/2020-July/027820.html|title=[Vorbis] vorbis 1.3.7 release|first=Ralph|last=Giles|date=July 4, 2020}}</ref> |
|||
| latest_preview_version = |
|||
| latest_preview_date = |
|||
| programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]] |
|||
| size = |
|||
| language = |
|||
| genre = [[Audio codec]], [[reference implementation (computing)|reference implementation]] |
|||
| license = [[Modified BSD license]]<ref name="Vorbis.com FAQ"/><ref>{{cite web | publisher = Xiph.Org Foundation | title = Sample Xiph.Org Variant of the BSD License | url = http://www.xiph.org/licenses/bsd/ | access-date = 2009-08-29}}</ref> |
|||
| website = [http://www.xiph.org/downloads/ Xiph.org downloads] |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Vorbis''' is a [[free and open-source software]] project headed by the [[Xiph.Org Foundation]]. The project produces an [[audio coding format]] and software reference encoder/decoder ([[codec]]) for [[lossy compression|lossy]] [[audio compression (data)|audio compression]], '''libvorbis'''.<ref name="release-1.3.4">{{cite web|author=Xiph.Org |url=http://www.xiph.org/press/2014/libvorbis-1.3.4/ |title=libVorbis 1.3.4 released|date=2014-01-22|access-date=2014-02-09}}</ref> Vorbis is most commonly used in conjunction with the [[Ogg]] [[Digital container format|container format]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions | work =Xiph.org wiki | title = MIME Types and File Extensions |access-date=2007-10-13}}</ref> and it is therefore often referred to as '''Ogg Vorbis'''. |
|||
Vorbis is currently being tuned before a final release, but the specification has been finalised. The current encoder will produce output from 64kpbs to 350kpbs, although these numbers are only approximate, as Vorbis is inherently variable bitrate ([[VBR]]). Quality is currently on a par with [[LAME]], the best MP3 encoder, at medium bitrates, and on a par with [[MP3Pro]] at lower bitrates. |
|||
Vorbis is a continuation of audio compression development started in 1993 by [[Chris Montgomery]].<ref name = "advogado">{{cite web |url= http://www.advogato.org/article/56.html |title= Interview: Christopher Montgomery of Xiphophorus |publisher= Advogado |date= 2000-04-04 |access-date= 2009-09-02 |archive-date= 2017-06-28 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170628144125/http://www.advogato.org/article/56.html |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name = "xiphname">{{cite web | url=http://xiph.org/xiphname|title= naming| publisher =Xiph.Org Foundation | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411164006/https://xiph.org/xiphname | archive-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> Intensive development began following a September 1998 letter from the [[Fraunhofer Society]] announcing plans to charge licensing fees for the [[MP3]] audio format.<ref>{{cite web| publisher = Xiph.org |url = http://www.xiph.org/about/ | title = About |access-date= 2009-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | first = Michael | last = Robertson | url = http://www.mp3.com/news/095.html | title= Fraunhofer Lowers Patent Boom on MP3 Software Developers | date = 1998-09-11 |access-date=2009-08-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000816002547/http://www.mp3.com/news/095.html | archive-date = 2000-08-16}}</ref> The Vorbis project started as part of the Xiphophorus company's Ogg project (also known as OggSquish multimedia project).<ref name="ogg-squish-dvorak">{{cite web |url = http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/vorbis/2000-April/012573.html | work = vorbis | title = Dvorak Interviews Monty | first =Brian | last = Zisk |publisher= Xiph |date=2000-04-19|access-date=2008-09-04}}</ref><ref name = "oggsquish-project">{{cite web |url=http://xiph.org/ogg/ |title= Ogg | type = project homepage | publisher = Xiphophorus |date= 2000-05-20 |access-date= 2008-09-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000520212458/http://xiph.org/ogg/ |archive-date= 2000-05-20}}</ref> Chris Montgomery began work on the project and was assisted by a growing number of other developers. They continued refining the [[source code]] until the Vorbis file format was frozen for 1.0 in May 2000.<ref name="vorbis-freeze-monty">{{cite web | first = Christopher | last = Montgomery | url= http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/vorbis-dev/2000-May/000201.html |date= 2000-05-08 | work = vorbis-dev | title = Merge done | access-date = 2009-09-03}}</ref><ref name="xiph-vorbis-freeze">{{cite web | publisher =Xiph.Org Foundation |url= http://www.xiph.org/vorbis/ | title= Ogg Vorbis | access-date = 2009-09-11}}</ref><ref name="vorbis-freeze">{{cite web | publisher =Xiphophorus co |url= http://www.xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/ |date=2000-05-11 |title=The Ogg Vorbis CODEC project |access-date=2009-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20000610211737/http://www.xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/ |archive-date = 2000-06-10}}</ref> Originally licensed as [[LGPL]], in 2001 the Vorbis license was changed to the [[BSD license]] to encourage adoption, with the endorsement of [[Richard Stallman]].<ref>[http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/vorbis/2001-February/001758.html February 2001] on xiph.org ''"With the Beta 4 release, the Ogg Vorbis libraries have moved to the BSD license. The change from LGPL to BSD was made to enable the use of Ogg Vorbis in all forms of software and hardware. Jack Moffitt says, "We are changing the license in response to feedback from many parties. It has become clear to us that adoption of Ogg Vorbis will be accelerated even further by the use of a less restrictive license that is friendlier toward proprietary software and hardware systems. We want everyone to be able to use Ogg Vorbis.""''</ref><ref>[https://lwn.net/2001/0301/a/rms-ov-license.php3 RMS on license change] on lwn.net</ref> A stable version (1.0) of the reference software was released on July 19, 2002.<ref>{{cite web| publisher = AfterDawn |url=http://www.afterdawn.com/news/archive/3149.cfm |title=OGG Vorbis 1.0 officially released|date = 2002-07-19 |access-date=2009-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher =CNET | work = News |url = http://news.cnet.com/2100-1023-945228.html |title=Ogg Vorbis official release is here|date= 2002-07-19 | access-date =2009-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite mailing list|last=Montgomery |first=Christopher |author-link= Chris Montgomery |mailing-list=vorbis |url=http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/vorbis/2002-July/008330.html |title= Vorbis 1.0 released |date=2002-07-19 |access-date= 2009-06-04}}</ref> |
|||
The specifications are public domain, the libraries are [[BSD]]-licensed, and the tools are [[GPL|GPL'd]]. |
|||
Since February 2013,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-02-03|title=OpusFAQ - XiphWiki|url=https://wiki.xiph.org/index.php?title=OpusFAQ&oldid=13856#How_does_Opus_compare_to_other_codecs.3F|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204191733/https://wiki.xiph.org/index.php?title=OpusFAQ&oldid=13856|archive-date=2020-12-04|access-date=2020-12-04|website=wiki.xiph.org}}</ref> Xiph.Org has stated that the use of Vorbis should be deprecated in favor of the [[Opus (audio format)|Opus]] codec, which is also a Xiph.Org Foundation project and also free and open-source. Compared to Vorbis, Opus can simultaneously achieve higher compression efficiency—per both Xiph.Org itself and third-party listening tests<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hoene|first1=Christian|last2=Valin|first2=Jean-Marc|last3=Vos|first3=Koen|last4=Skoglund|first4=Jan|date=2013-05-17|title=Summary of Opus listening test results|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-codec-results-03.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215165304/https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-codec-results-03.html|archive-date=2019-12-15|access-date=2020-12-04|newspaper=Ietf Datatracker|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Results of the public multiformat listening test (July 2014)|url=http://listening-test.coresv.net/results.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035112/http://listening-test.coresv.net/results.htm|archive-date=2020-11-12|access-date=2020-12-04|website=listening-test.coresv.net}}</ref>—and lower encode/decode latency (in most cases, low enough for real-time applications such as [[Voice over IP|internet telephony]] or live singing, rarely possible with Vorbis).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-03|title=OpusFAQ - XiphWiki|url=https://wiki.xiph.org/OpusFAQ#How_does_Opus_compare_to_other_codecs.3F|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117221321/https://wiki.xiph.org/OpusFAQ|archive-date=2020-11-17|access-date=2020-12-04|website=wiki.xiph.org}}</ref> |
|||
Ogg-Vorbis can be played using this free players: |
|||
*[[xmms]] (on [[unix-like]] systems, [[GPL]] license) |
|||
*[[freeamp]] (Linux and Windows, [[GPL]] license) |
|||
*[[winamp]] (in Windows systems, [[Freeware]], no open-source) |
|||
*[[JOrbis]] (pure [[Java]], [[LGPL]] license) |
|||
==Name== |
|||
The [[BBC]] has recently experimented with putting out Vorbis-encoded audio streams. See below for more details. |
|||
Vorbis is named after the character Exquisitor Vorbis in the ''[[Discworld]]'' novel ''[[Small Gods]]'' by [[Terry Pratchett]]. The [[Ogg]] format is named after ''ogging'', [[jargon]] from the computer game [[Netrek]].<ref name="xiphname"/> |
|||
The technical experiments are now complete, and the BBC is considering whether to deploy the technology. |
|||
==Usage== |
|||
Unlike the name "Ogg", "Vorbis" ''is'' named after a [[Terry Pratchett]] character, High Priest Vorbis in [[Small Gods]]. |
|||
Vorbis faces competition from other audio formats, such as MP3. Though Vorbis is technically superior (addressing many of the limitations inherent to the MP3 design), MP3 has a far higher public profile.<ref>{{cite book|title=Web-based Instruction: A Guide for Libraries|first=Susan|last=Sharpless Smith|publisher=American Library Association|page=138|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8389-1056-6}}</ref> Because Vorbis does not have financial support from large organisations, support for the format is not as widespread, though programs such as [[Audacity (audio editor)|Audacity]] can convert to more popular formats,<ref>{{cite book|title=Computers in Music Education: Amplifying Musicality|first=Andrew|last=Brown|page=[https://archive.org/details/computersinmusic0000brow/page/148 148]|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|isbn=978-0-4159-7850-7|url=https://archive.org/details/computersinmusic0000brow/page/148}}</ref> and support in games has gradually improved.<ref>{{cite book|title=Windows Mobile Game Development: Building games for the Windows Phone and other mobile devices|first=Adam|last=Dawes|publisher=Apress|page=158|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4302-2929-2}}</ref> |
|||
The Vorbis format has proven popular among supporters of [[free software]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/audio/audio.html |title=Recordings about our Philosophy | work = GNU Project | publisher = Free Software Foundation (FSF) |access-date=2008-01-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071126020329/https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/audio/audio.html |archive-date = 2007-11-26}}</ref> They argue that its higher fidelity and completely free nature, unencumbered by patents, make it a well-suited replacement for patented and restricted formats. |
|||
=== News update: === |
|||
[[File:Rondo Alla Turka.ogg|thumb|200px|Low-bitrate Vorbis example]] <!-- According to wc, the previously mentioned .ogg has 1877827 bytes; mplayer -identify says its duration is 224.98 seconds; and 1877827 * 8 / (224.98 * 1000) = 66.8 [Kb/s], which is definitively a low bitrate --> |
|||
* [[Real Networks]] has announced in July [[2002]] that it intends to release substantial parts of their proprietary technologies under an "open-source friendly" licence. This opens the possibility of the integration of Ogg Vorbis' technology with elements of Real's technologies. |
|||
Vorbis has different uses for consumer products. Many [[video game]]s store in-game audio as Vorbis, including ''[[Amnesia: The Dark Descent]]'', ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'', ''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]'', ''[[Minecraft]]'', and ''[[World of Warcraft]]'', among others.<ref name="xiph-wiki-games-that-use-vorbis">{{cite web|url=https://wiki.xiph.org/Games_that_use_Vorbis |title=Xiph.Org Wiki, Games that use Vorbis|date=2018-03-03|access-date=2024-01-25 }}</ref> Popular software players support Vorbis playback either natively or through an external [[Plug-in (computing)|plugin]]. A number of websites, including [[Wikipedia]], use it.<ref name ="playogg-sites">{{cite web |url=http://www.fsf.org/resources/formats/playogg/sites |title=Ogg Sites | publisher =Free Software Foundation |access-date=2009-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://wikip.blogspot.com/2007/04/ogg-vorbis-no-future.html |title=Ogg Vorbis — no future? |date= 2007-11-04 | access-date =2009-10-02}}</ref><ref>[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia]], Retrieved 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:First_steps/Quality_and_description#Audio_and_video | work = Wikimedia Commons | title = First steps/Quality and description |access-date=2009-10-02}}</ref> Others include [[Jamendo]] and [[Mindawn]], as well as several national radio stations<ref name="playogg-sites"/> like JazzRadio, [[Absolute Radio]], [[NPR]], [[Radio New Zealand]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/oggcasts |title=Radio New Zealand Oggcasts |access-date=2009-01-14}}</ref> and [[Deutschlandradio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dradio.de/wir/ogg/|title=Deutschlandradio im Internet mit OGG-Vorbis-Stream|access-date=2009-10-08|archive-date=2009-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830061154/http://www.dradio.de/wir/ogg|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Spotify]] audio streaming service primarily uses Vorbis<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 3, 2019 |title=Audio Quality on Spotify |url=https://support.spotify.com/dk/article/high-quality-streaming/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203051705/https://support.spotify.com/dk/article/high-quality-streaming/ |archive-date=February 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.spotify.com/us/2009/06/25/bumping-up-the-bitrate |title=Bumping up the Bitrate |date=2009-06-25 |publisher=Spotify News |access-date=2018-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328164652/https://news.spotify.com/us/2009/06/25/bumping-up-the-bitrate/ |archive-date=2018-03-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]].<ref>{{cite web |date=June 6, 2020 |title=Audio Quality |url=https://support.spotify.com/us/article/audio-quality/ |access-date=2018-03-28}}</ref> Also, the French music site Qobuz offers its customers the possibility to download their purchased songs in Vorbis format, as does the American music site [[Bandcamp]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qobuz.com/aide/guide-qobuz?qref=cpa#format-choice |title=Qobuz FAQ|access-date=2013-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424070217/http://www.qobuz.com/aide/guide-qobuz?qref=cpa#format-choice |archive-date=2013-04-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
|||
==Technical details== |
|||
See also: |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin: 1em 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; clear: right;" |
|||
* The [[Speex]] [[speech coder]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|+ Vorbis nominal bitrate at quality levels for 44.1 kHz stereo input. The new libvorbis v1.2 usually compresses better than these values (effective bitrate may vary). |
|||
|- |
|||
! Quality |
|||
!colspan="2"| Nominal bitrate |
|||
|- |
|||
! |
|||
! Official Xiph.Org Foundation Vorbis |
|||
! |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q-1 |
|||
| 45 kbit/s |
|||
| 48 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q0 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 64 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q1 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 80 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q2 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 96 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q3 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 112 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q4 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 128 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q5 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 160 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q6 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 192 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q7 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 224 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q8 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 256 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q9 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 320 kbit/s |
|||
|- |
|||
| -q10 |
|||
|colspan="2"| 500 kbit/s |
|||
|} |
|||
=== |
===Outline of coder algorithm=== |
||
Vorbis I is a forward-adaptive monolithic transform codec based on the [[modified discrete cosine transform]] (MDCT).<ref name="vorbis-mdct">{{cite web |author=Xiph.Org Foundation |publisher=Xiph.Org Foundation |url=http://www.xiph.org/vorbis/doc/Vorbis_I_spec.html#x1-50001.1.2 |title=Vorbis I specification - 1.1.2 Classification |date=2009-06-02 |access-date=2009-09-22}}</ref> Vorbis uses the modified discrete cosine transform for converting sound data from the [[time domain]] to the [[frequency domain]]. The resulting frequency-domain data is broken into [[noise floor]] and residue components, and then [[Quantization (signal processing)|quantized]] and [[entropy coded]] using a [[codebook]]-based [[vector quantization]] algorithm. The decompression algorithm reverses these stages. The noise-floor approach gives Vorbis its characteristic analog noise-like failure mode when the bitrate is too low to encode the audio without perceptible loss. The sound of compression artifacts at low bitrates is similar to [[Reverberation|reverberations]] in a large space. |
|||
* [http://www.xiph.org The Xiphophorous site] |
|||
* [http://www.vorbis.com The Vorbis site] |
|||
===Container formats=== |
|||
** [http://www.vorbis.com/faq.psp Vorbis FAQ] |
|||
{{See also| Container format (digital)}} |
|||
** [http://www.xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/docs.html Vorbis Documentation] |
|||
Vorbis streams can be encapsulated in other media [[container format (digital)|container format]]s besides Ogg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/Oggless|title=Oggless proposal| publisher = Xiph.Org Foundation}}</ref> A commonly used alternative is [[Matroska]]. It is also used in [[WebM]], a container format based on a subset of Matroska.<ref name= xiph-webm>{{cite web | url = http://www.xiph.org/press/2010/webm/ | title=Xiph.Org announces support for the WebM open media project| publisher = Xiph.Org | access-date = 2010-05-20 |date=2010-05-19}}</ref><ref name=webm-blog>{{cite web |url = http://webmproject.blogspot.com/2010/05/introducing-webm-open-web-media-project.html |title= Introducing WebM, an open web media project |access-date=2010-05-19 |date=2010-05-19}}</ref><ref name=faq>{{cite web | url = http://www.webmproject.org/about/faq/ | work = WebM | title = FAQ | publisher = Google | date = 2010-05-19}}</ref> Vorbis streams can also be encapsulated in an [[Real-time Transport Protocol|RTP]] payload format.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5215 | title= RFC 5215 — RTP Payload Format for Vorbis Encoded Audio |date=August 2008 |access-date=2010-06-16 | publisher = IETF| last1= Barbato | first1= Luca | doi= 10.17487/RFC5215 }}</ref> |
|||
* [http://support.bbc.co.uk/oggstreams.shtml BBC Vorbis testing page] |
|||
===Metadata=== |
|||
Vorbis [[metadata]], called [[Vorbis comment]]s, supports metadata tags similar to those implemented in the [[ID3]] standard for MP3. The metadata is stored in a vector of [[8-bit clean|byte strings]] of arbitrary length and size. The size of the vector and the size of each string in bytes is limited to 2<sup>32</sup> − 1 (about 4.3 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]], or any positive integer that can be expressed in 32 bits). This vector is stored in the second header packet that begins a Vorbis bitstream.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.xiph.org/vorbis/doc/v-comment.html | title=Vorbis Comment Field Documentation | access-date=2007-03-14 | author=Xiph.Org Foundation}}</ref> |
|||
The strings are assumed to be encoded as [[UTF-8]]. Music tags are typically implemented as strings of the form "[TAG]=[VALUE]", for instance, "ARTIST=The John Smith Band". The tag names are case-insensitive, thus typing "ARTIST=The John Smith Band" would be the same as "artist=The John Smith Band". Like the current version of ID3, users and encoding software are free to use whichever tags are appropriate for the content. For example, an encoder could use localized tag labels, live music tracks might contain a "Venue=" tag or files could have multiple genre definitions. Most applications also support common de facto standards such as disc number and [[ReplayGain]] information. |
|||
===Variants=== |
|||
'''{{va|aoTuV}}''' is a notable [[Fork (software development)|forks]] which adds support for encoding at lower bitrates.<ref name="hydrogenaudio-recommended-vorbis-encoder">{{cite web|url=https://wiki.hydrogenaud.io/index.php?title=Recommended_Ogg_Vorbis |title=Recommended Ogg Vorbis - Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase|access-date=2022-06-30}}</ref> aoTuV's changes were intended to be merged into the reference encoder periodically, but that only happened once in libvorbis 1.1,<ref name="libvorbis-aotuv-merge-changelog">{{cite web|url=https://gitlab.xiph.org/xiph/vorbis/-/blob/84c023699cdf023a32fa4ded32019f194afcdad0/CHANGES#L163-173 |title=libvorbis 1.1 changelog |date=2004-09-22|access-date=2022-06-30}}</ref> due to future merges being a "taks {{sic}} that requires uninterrupted time, something I [<nowiki/>[[Chris Montgomery]]] don't have alot {{sic}} of."<ref name="xiph-monthly-meeting-2007-02">{{cite web|url=https://people.xiph.org/~giles/2007/200702_meeting.txt |title=Xiph.Org Monthly Meeting, 2007/02|date=2007-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930165436/https://people.xiph.org/~giles/2007/200702_meeting.txt |access-date=2022-06-30|archive-date=2008-09-30 }}</ref> |
|||
==Licensing== |
|||
Knowledge of Vorbis' specifications is in the [[public domain]].<ref name="Vorbis.com FAQ">{{cite web | publisher = Xiph.Org Foundation | title = Vorbis.com FAQ | url = http://www.vorbis.com/faq/#flic | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051001065649/http://vorbis.com/faq/#flic | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2005-10-01 | access-date = 2009-08-29 }}</ref> Concerning the specification itself, the Xiph.Org Foundation reserves the right to set the Vorbis specification and certify compliance. Its libraries are released under the revised 3-clause [[BSD License|BSD license]] and its tools are released under the [[GNU General Public License]]. The libraries were originally released under the [[GNU Lesser General Public Licence]], but a BSD license was later chosen with the endorsement of [[Richard Stallman]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/icecast-dev/2001-February/000005.html | title=[icecast-dev] Xiph.org announces Vorbis Beta 4 and the Xiph.org Foundation | access-date=2006-11-13 | author=Jack Moffitt |date=2001-02-26}}</ref> The [[Xiph.Org Foundation]] states that Vorbis, like all its developments, is completely free from the licensing or [[Software patent|patent]] issues raised by [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] formats. Although the Xiph.Org Foundation states it has conducted a patent search that supports its claims, outside parties (notably engineers working on rival formats) have expressed doubt that Vorbis is free of patented technology.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?showtopic=13531 | title=Vorbis development, status & patent issues | year=2003 | access-date=2006-11-13 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150625020659/http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?showtopic=13531 | archive-date=2015-06-25 | url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Original research inline|date=August 2016}} |
|||
The Xiph.Org Foundation has not released an official statement on the patent status of Vorbis, pointing out that such a statement is technically impossible due to the number and scope of patents in existence and the questionable validity of many of them. Such issues can only be resolved by a court of law. |
|||
Vorbis is supported by several large [[digital audio player]] manufacturers such as [[Samsung]], [[SanDisk]], [[Rio (digital audio players)|Rio]], [[Neuros Technology]], [[Cowon]], and [[iriver]]. |
|||
==Support== |
|||
===Hardware=== |
|||
''[[Tremor (software)|Tremor]]'', a version of the Vorbis decoder which uses [[fixed-point arithmetic]] (rather than [[floating point]]), was made available to the public on September 2, 2002 (also under a [[BSD License|BSD-style license]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/vorbis-dev/2002-September/006399.html|title=[vorbis-dev] tremor relicensed as BSD|date=2002-09-03|access-date=2008-03-15}}</ref> Tremor, or platform-specific versions based on it, is more suited to implementation on the limited facilities available in commercial portable players. A number of versions that make adjustments for specific platforms and include customized optimizations for given embedded microprocessors have been produced. Several hardware manufacturers have expressed{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} intentions to produce Vorbis-compliant devices and new Vorbis devices seem to be appearing at a steady rate.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} |
|||
*[[Sailfish OS]] devices |
|||
*[[Tizen]] devices |
|||
*Openmoko Neo 1973 and Neo Freerunner |
|||
*Devices based on [[Google]]'s [[Android (operating system)|Android]] platform support Ogg Vorbis media files.<ref name="android-developers">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/02/android-sdk-m5-rc14-now-available.html |title=Android SDK m5-rc14 now available |access-date=2008-12-15 |work=Android Developers' Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/media/media-formats|title=Supported media formats|website=Android Developers}}</ref> |
|||
*Digital audio players such as [[Cowon]]'s [[Cowon D2|D2]] and [[iAUDIO#iAUDIO X5|iAudio X5]] ship with Ogg Vorbis support. |
|||
*Samsung YP series of digital audio players<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/PortablePlayers|title=PortablePlayers - XiphWiki|website=wiki.xiph.org}}</ref> ships with Ogg Vorbis support. |
|||
*The majority of [[iriver]] devices provide Ogg Vorbis support up to Q10 bitrates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iriver.co.kr/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103022042/http://www.iriver.com/product/p_detail.asp?pidx=80|url-status=dead|title=Redesign Your Life Style, IRIVER|archive-date=November 3, 2008|website=www.iriver.co.kr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iriver.co.kr/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428125637/http://www.iriver.com/product/p_detail.asp?pidx=82|url-status=dead|title=Redesign Your Life Style, IRIVER|archive-date=April 28, 2009|website=www.iriver.co.kr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iriver.co.kr/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604132109/http://www.iriver.com/product/p_detail.asp?pidx=85|url-status=dead|title=Redesign Your Life Style, IRIVER|archive-date=June 4, 2010|website=www.iriver.co.kr}}</ref> (as July 2008) |
|||
* Cowon C2 (Ogg and FLAC support) |
|||
* Sandisk added Vorbis capability to the [https://web.archive.org/web/20080528155314/http://forums.sandisk.com/sansa/board/message?board.id=clip&thread.id=6720 1.01.29 firmware] for the Sansa Clip player. (added in May 2008) |
|||
* Sandisk added Vorbis capability for the Sansa Fuze player in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20081005185513/http://forums.sandisk.com/sansa/board/message?board.id=sansafuse&thread.id=4880 1.01.15] firmware update. (added October 3, 2008) |
|||
* Sandisk Sansa Clip+ |
|||
* Sandisk Sansa Fuze+ |
|||
* Meizu's [[M6 miniPlayer|M6]] and M3 Digital Audio Players |
|||
* Elta 8844 MPEG4 DVD/DivX player can play music files in both MP3 or Ogg Vorbis format |
|||
* Vedia A10 plays Ogg Vorbis and FLAC in addition to MP3, AAC and other formats |
|||
* [[S1 MP3 Player]]s also supports Ogg Vorbis since at least 2006, though this is not typically listed on the player's packaging. |
|||
* GamePark Holding's Linux based portable gaming consoles (GP32, GP2X F100-F200, GP2X Wiz) officially support Ogg Vorbis. |
|||
* RIM BlackBerry 9800 "Torch" and 9670 "Style" |
|||
* VDO Dayton [http://www.vdodayton.com/default2_and_fz_menu=product_documents_and_dataid=523093.aspx CD1737X] car radio supports 8-192kbit/s Ogg Vorbis files |
|||
* HP TouchPad was given support for Ogg Vorbis with the webOS 3.0.4 update |
|||
* Denon SC5000 Prime media player |
|||
* [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]] players support decoding of [[4K resolution]] [[VP8]]/[[VP9]] video with Ogg Vorbis audio. |
|||
Apple's [[iPod]] does not natively support Vorbis but through the use of [[Rockbox]], an open-source firmware project, is capable of decoding Vorbis files on certain models. Similar statements apply to other devices capable of running Rockbox, as well. The Xiph.Org Foundation wiki has an up-to-date list of Vorbis-supporting hardware, such as portables, PDAs, and microchips.<ref name="VorbisHardware">{{cite web |url=http://wiki.xiph.org/VorbisHardware |title=VorbisHardware - XiphWiki |access-date=2008-01-13 |work=Xiph.Org Foundation}}</ref> Also see [[Internet radio device]] for an overview. |
|||
===Application software=== |
|||
{{See also|Use of Ogg formats in HTML5}} |
|||
Software supporting Vorbis exists for many platforms. The multi-platform open-source [[VLC media player]] and [[MPlayer]] can play Ogg Vorbis files, as can [[Winamp]] and [[foobar2000]]. [[Windows Media Player]] does not natively support Vorbis; however, [[DirectShow]] filters exist to decode Vorbis in Windows Media Player and other Windows multimedia players that support DirectShow.<ref name=illiminable>{{cite web |url=http://www.xiph.org/dshow/ |title=illiminable Ogg Directshow Filters for Speex, Vorbis, Theora and FLAC |access-date=2008-06-24}}</ref> Vorbis is also supported in the multi-platform audio editing software [[Audacity (audio editor)|Audacity]], in the multi-platform [[multimedia framework]]s [[FFmpeg]], [[GStreamer]] and [[Helix (project)|Helix DNA]]. Vorbis is well-supported on the [[Linux]] platform in programs like [[XMMS]], [[xine]], [[Amarok (software)|Amarok]]. A list of Vorbis-supporting software can be found at the Xiph.Org Foundation wiki and Vorbis.com website.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/VorbisSoftwarePlayers |title=VorbisSoftwarePlayers - XiphWiki |access-date=2008-01-13 |work=Xiph.Org Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vorbis.com/software/ |title=Vorbis.com: 3rd party software |access-date=2009-10-12 |author=Xiph.Org Foundation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016094206/http://www.vorbis.com/software/ |archive-date=2009-10-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Users can test these programs using the list of Vorbis audio streams available on the same wiki.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/VorbisStreams |title=VorbisStreams - XiphWiki |access-date=2008-01-13 |work=Xiph.Org Foundation}}</ref> For more information about support in software media players there is a [[Comparison of audio player software#Audio format ability|comparison of media players]] available. |
|||
{{anchor|sb0}} Some newer [[Ubisoft]] games use Vorbis files renamed with the [[filename extension]] {{Not a typo|.sb0}}. It can therefore be played using a compatible player, although sometimes one must force a different [[sampling rate]] to hear it correctly. A number of tools are available for extracting sound from [[file archiver|archived files]] such as the .m4b of ''[[Myst IV: Revelation]]''. |
|||
As originally recommended by [[HTML 5]], these [[web browser]]s natively support Vorbis audio (without a plug-in) using the <code><audio></code> element: [[Mozilla Firefox 3.5]] (and later versions),<ref name="gecko191">{{citation | title = Firefox3.5/Features | date = 2009-03-18 | author = MozillaWiki | publisher = MozillaWiki | url = https://wiki.mozilla.org/Firefox3.5/Features | access-date = 2009-10-11}}</ref><ref name="firefox35">{{citation | title = Mozilla Firefox 3.5 Release Notes | date = 2009-06-30 | author = Mozilla Corporation | publisher = Mozilla Corporation | url = http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/3.5/releasenotes/ | access-date = 2009-10-11}}</ref> [[Google Chrome]] (from version 3.0.182.2),<ref name="chrome3">{{citation | title = Google Chrome to support HTML 5 video | date = 2009-05-28 | publisher = SoftSailor | url = http://www.softsailor.com/news/3787-3787.html | access-date = 2009-10-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091003194653/http://www.softsailor.com/news/3787-3787.html | archive-date = 2009-10-03 | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[SeaMonkey]] (from version 2.0).<ref name="seamonkey2">{{citation | title = What's New in SeaMonkey 2.0 Beta 2 | date = 2009-09-16 | author = Robert Kaiser | publisher = seamonkey-project.org | url = http://www.seamonkey-project.org/releases/seamonkey2.0b2/changes | access-date = 2009-10-11}}</ref> [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] 9.5 experimental video builds released in 2007 and 2008 have only <code><video></code> support and play back Vorbis audio included in Ogg video files.<ref name="opera">{{citation | title = Experimental Opera-video build with native Ogg Theora support | date = 2007-04-25 | publisher = Opera | url = http://my.opera.com/ResearchWizard/blog/experimental-opera-video-build-with-native-ogg-theora-support | access-date = 2009-10-11}}</ref><ref name="opera-dev">{{citation | title = A call for video on the web - Opera <video> release on Labs | date = 2007-11-07 | publisher = Opera | url = http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/a-call-for-video-on-the-web-opera-vid/ | access-date = 2009-10-11}}</ref> [[Opera 10|Opera 10.5]] browser has support for Vorbis audio, [[WAV|WAVE PCM]] audio and [[Theora]] video.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://my.opera.com/core/blog/2009/12/31/re-introducing-video |title=(re-)Introducing <video> - Official blog for Core developers at Opera |author=Philip Jägenstedt |publisher=Opera |date=2009-12-31 |access-date=2010-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://my.opera.com/desktopteam/blog/happy-new-year |title=Happy New Year! - Official blog for Core developers at Opera |author=Arjan van Leeuwen |publisher=Opera |date=2009-12-31 |access-date=2010-01-02}}</ref> |
|||
The game design software [[RPG Maker]] MV, released in October 2015, is the first version of that program to drop MP3 support in favor of Ogg Vorbis. |
|||
In October 2017, Microsoft released support for Ogg media container, and Theora and Vorbis media formats as an optional add-on to Windows 10 and Xbox One, available for free in the [[Microsoft Store (digital)|Microsoft Store]].<ref name="Windows-WebMediaExt-Addon">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctrl.blog/entry/windows-ogg.html|title=Microsoft adds Ogg, Theora, and Vorbis media formats to Windows 10|first=Daniel|last=Aleksandersen|website=www.ctrl.blog|date=28 December 2021 }}</ref> |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |
|||
|+ Vorbis support by different operating systems |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="row" | |
|||
! [[Microsoft Windows]] |
|||
! [[macOS]] |
|||
! [[Linux]] |
|||
! [[Android (operating system)|Android]] |
|||
! [[iOS]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="row" | Codec support |
|||
| {{yes}}<ref name="Windows-WebMediaExt-Addon" /> || {{depends|Via third-party applications}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{depends|Via third-party apps}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="row" | Container support |
|||
| '''On Windows 10 Fall Creators Update (1709) with Web Media Extensions add-on''': <br> [[Ogg]] (.ogg is not recognised; requires pseudo extension){{efn|name=Supported-File-Ext|The <code>.ogg</code> filename extension is not recognised by [[Universal Windows Platform]] apps [[Groove Music]] and [[Microsoft Movies & TV]], hence a pseudo extension of another audio format (such as <code>.m4a</code>) is required instead.<ref name="Windows-Supported-File-Ext">{{Cite web|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/apps/hh986969(v=win.10)|title=Supported audio and video formats (Windows Runtime apps) - Windows app development|website=learn.microsoft.com|date=13 October 2015 }}</ref>}} <br> [[Matroska]] (.mka, .mkv) <br> '''On Windows 10 October 2018 Update (1809)''': <br> [[WebM]] (.webm is recognised officially) <br> '''On Windows 10 May 2019 Update (1903)''':<br> [[Ogg]] (.ogg is recognised officially) |
|||
| ''depends on application'' |
|||
| [[Ogg]] (.ogg) <br> [[Matroska]] (.mka, .mkv) <br> [[WebM]] (.webm) |
|||
| [[Ogg]] (.ogg, .oga) <br> [[Matroska]] (.mka, .mkv) <br> [[WebM]] (.webm) |
|||
| ''depends on application'' |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="row" | Notes |
|||
| '''On [[Windows 10]]''': <br> - Requires [[Fall Creators Update]] (1709) and installation of [https://www.microsoft.com/store/productId/9N5TDP8VCMHS Web Media Extensions] package. <br> - On [[April 2018 Update]] (1803) with Web Media Extensions preinstalled, Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML 17) supports Vorbis audio embedded in <audio> tags. <br> - Supported on [[Universal Windows Platform]] apps ([[Groove Music]], [[Microsoft Movies & TV]]). Unsupported on [[Windows Media Player]]. <br> - Up till October 2018 update (1809), the filename extension .ogg was not recognised. (substitute with a pseudo file extension such as .m4a)<ref name="Windows-Supported-File-Ext" /> <br><br> '''On [[Windows 8.1]] and older''': <br> - Requires installation of a third-party multimedia framework, [[LAV Filters]]. |
|||
| No native support in the macOS native multimedia framework. <br> In versions of Mac OS X prior to 10.11 El Capitan, Vorbis support could be added to [[QuickTime]] using the [[Xiph QuickTime Components]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xiph.org/quicktime/#id2009061400 |title=13.06.2016 - XiphQT discontinued |work=Xiph.Org: QuickTime Components |access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref> |
|||
| - |
|||
| - |
|||
| No native support in the iOS native multimedia framework. |
|||
|} |
|||
==See also== |
|||
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}} |
|||
* [[Comparison of audio coding formats]] |
|||
* [[Icecast]], streaming media server which currently supports Ogg (Vorbis and Theora), Opus and [[WebM]] streams. |
|||
* [[JUCE]], cross-platform C++ toolkit with embedded Vorbis support |
|||
* [[Ogg]] bitstream container |
|||
* [[Opus (audio format)|Opus]], audio format by Xiph that is biased towards latency |
|||
* [[Vorbis comment]], metadata format used by Vorbis |
|||
* [[XML Shareable Playlist Format]], [[playlist]] format |
|||
* [[Xiph QuickTime Components]], official QuickTime implementation |
|||
==Notes== |
|||
{{notelist}} |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
==External links== |
|||
* [http://www.vorbis.com/ Vorbis site] - Xiph reference implementation |
|||
* [http://xiph.org/vorbis/ Vorbis reference implementation] by [[Xiph.Org Foundation]] |
|||
* [https://wiki.xiph.org/Vorbis_Software_Players Players] |
|||
* [http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=00/08/14/1034209 Christopher "Monty" Montgomery (main developer) interview, slashdot.org] |
|||
* {{cite IETF |RFC=5215 |title=RTP Payload Format for Vorbis Encoded Audio}} |
|||
* {{cite IETF |RFC=5334 |title=Ogg Media Types}} |
|||
{{Xiph.org}} |
|||
{{Compression formats}} |
|||
{{Compression Software Implementations}} |
|||
[[Category:Free audio codecs]] |
|||
[[Category:Lossy compression algorithms]] |
|||
[[Category:Xiph.Org projects]] |
|||
[[Category:Software using the BSD license]] |
|||
[[Category:Open formats]] |
Latest revision as of 01:32, 27 July 2024
Filename extension |
.ogg[1] |
---|---|
Internet media type |
application/ogg, audio/ogg, audio/vorbis, audio/vorbis-config |
Developed by | Xiph.Org Foundation |
Initial release | May 8, 2000[2][3] |
Latest release | Vorbis I July 4, 2020[4] |
Type of format | Lossy audio |
Contained by | Ogg, Matroska, WebM |
Standard | Specification |
Open format? | Yes[5] |
Free format? | Yes[6] |
Website | https://xiph.org/vorbis/ |
Developer(s) | Xiph.Org Foundation |
---|---|
Initial release | July 19, 2002 |
Stable release | 1.3.7
/ July 4, 2020[7] |
Written in | C |
Type | Audio codec, reference implementation |
License | Modified BSD license[8][9] |
Website | Xiph.org downloads |
Vorbis is a free and open-source software project headed by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The project produces an audio coding format and software reference encoder/decoder (codec) for lossy audio compression, libvorbis.[10] Vorbis is most commonly used in conjunction with the Ogg container format[11] and it is therefore often referred to as Ogg Vorbis.
Vorbis is a continuation of audio compression development started in 1993 by Chris Montgomery.[12][13] Intensive development began following a September 1998 letter from the Fraunhofer Society announcing plans to charge licensing fees for the MP3 audio format.[14][15] The Vorbis project started as part of the Xiphophorus company's Ogg project (also known as OggSquish multimedia project).[16][17] Chris Montgomery began work on the project and was assisted by a growing number of other developers. They continued refining the source code until the Vorbis file format was frozen for 1.0 in May 2000.[2][3][18] Originally licensed as LGPL, in 2001 the Vorbis license was changed to the BSD license to encourage adoption, with the endorsement of Richard Stallman.[19][20] A stable version (1.0) of the reference software was released on July 19, 2002.[21][22][23]
Since February 2013,[24] Xiph.Org has stated that the use of Vorbis should be deprecated in favor of the Opus codec, which is also a Xiph.Org Foundation project and also free and open-source. Compared to Vorbis, Opus can simultaneously achieve higher compression efficiency—per both Xiph.Org itself and third-party listening tests[25][26]—and lower encode/decode latency (in most cases, low enough for real-time applications such as internet telephony or live singing, rarely possible with Vorbis).[27]
Name
[edit]Vorbis is named after the character Exquisitor Vorbis in the Discworld novel Small Gods by Terry Pratchett. The Ogg format is named after ogging, jargon from the computer game Netrek.[13]
Usage
[edit]Vorbis faces competition from other audio formats, such as MP3. Though Vorbis is technically superior (addressing many of the limitations inherent to the MP3 design), MP3 has a far higher public profile.[28] Because Vorbis does not have financial support from large organisations, support for the format is not as widespread, though programs such as Audacity can convert to more popular formats,[29] and support in games has gradually improved.[30]
The Vorbis format has proven popular among supporters of free software.[31] They argue that its higher fidelity and completely free nature, unencumbered by patents, make it a well-suited replacement for patented and restricted formats.
Vorbis has different uses for consumer products. Many video games store in-game audio as Vorbis, including Amnesia: The Dark Descent, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Halo: Combat Evolved, Minecraft, and World of Warcraft, among others.[32] Popular software players support Vorbis playback either natively or through an external plugin. A number of websites, including Wikipedia, use it.[33][34][35][36] Others include Jamendo and Mindawn, as well as several national radio stations[33] like JazzRadio, Absolute Radio, NPR, Radio New Zealand[37] and Deutschlandradio.[38] The Spotify audio streaming service primarily uses Vorbis[39][40] as well as AAC.[41] Also, the French music site Qobuz offers its customers the possibility to download their purchased songs in Vorbis format, as does the American music site Bandcamp.[42]
Technical details
[edit]Quality | Nominal bitrate | |
---|---|---|
Official Xiph.Org Foundation Vorbis | ||
-q-1 | 45 kbit/s | 48 kbit/s |
-q0 | 64 kbit/s | |
-q1 | 80 kbit/s | |
-q2 | 96 kbit/s | |
-q3 | 112 kbit/s | |
-q4 | 128 kbit/s | |
-q5 | 160 kbit/s | |
-q6 | 192 kbit/s | |
-q7 | 224 kbit/s | |
-q8 | 256 kbit/s | |
-q9 | 320 kbit/s | |
-q10 | 500 kbit/s |
Outline of coder algorithm
[edit]Vorbis I is a forward-adaptive monolithic transform codec based on the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT).[43] Vorbis uses the modified discrete cosine transform for converting sound data from the time domain to the frequency domain. The resulting frequency-domain data is broken into noise floor and residue components, and then quantized and entropy coded using a codebook-based vector quantization algorithm. The decompression algorithm reverses these stages. The noise-floor approach gives Vorbis its characteristic analog noise-like failure mode when the bitrate is too low to encode the audio without perceptible loss. The sound of compression artifacts at low bitrates is similar to reverberations in a large space.
Container formats
[edit]Vorbis streams can be encapsulated in other media container formats besides Ogg.[44] A commonly used alternative is Matroska. It is also used in WebM, a container format based on a subset of Matroska.[45][46][47] Vorbis streams can also be encapsulated in an RTP payload format.[48]
Metadata
[edit]Vorbis metadata, called Vorbis comments, supports metadata tags similar to those implemented in the ID3 standard for MP3. The metadata is stored in a vector of byte strings of arbitrary length and size. The size of the vector and the size of each string in bytes is limited to 232 − 1 (about 4.3 billion, or any positive integer that can be expressed in 32 bits). This vector is stored in the second header packet that begins a Vorbis bitstream.[49]
The strings are assumed to be encoded as UTF-8. Music tags are typically implemented as strings of the form "[TAG]=[VALUE]", for instance, "ARTIST=The John Smith Band". The tag names are case-insensitive, thus typing "ARTIST=The John Smith Band" would be the same as "artist=The John Smith Band". Like the current version of ID3, users and encoding software are free to use whichever tags are appropriate for the content. For example, an encoder could use localized tag labels, live music tracks might contain a "Venue=" tag or files could have multiple genre definitions. Most applications also support common de facto standards such as disc number and ReplayGain information.
Variants
[edit]aoTuV is a notable forks which adds support for encoding at lower bitrates.[50] aoTuV's changes were intended to be merged into the reference encoder periodically, but that only happened once in libvorbis 1.1,[51] due to future merges being a "taks [sic] that requires uninterrupted time, something I [Chris Montgomery] don't have alot [sic] of."[52]
Licensing
[edit]Knowledge of Vorbis' specifications is in the public domain.[8] Concerning the specification itself, the Xiph.Org Foundation reserves the right to set the Vorbis specification and certify compliance. Its libraries are released under the revised 3-clause BSD license and its tools are released under the GNU General Public License. The libraries were originally released under the GNU Lesser General Public Licence, but a BSD license was later chosen with the endorsement of Richard Stallman.[53] The Xiph.Org Foundation states that Vorbis, like all its developments, is completely free from the licensing or patent issues raised by proprietary formats. Although the Xiph.Org Foundation states it has conducted a patent search that supports its claims, outside parties (notably engineers working on rival formats) have expressed doubt that Vorbis is free of patented technology.[54][original research?]
The Xiph.Org Foundation has not released an official statement on the patent status of Vorbis, pointing out that such a statement is technically impossible due to the number and scope of patents in existence and the questionable validity of many of them. Such issues can only be resolved by a court of law.
Vorbis is supported by several large digital audio player manufacturers such as Samsung, SanDisk, Rio, Neuros Technology, Cowon, and iriver.
Support
[edit]Hardware
[edit]Tremor, a version of the Vorbis decoder which uses fixed-point arithmetic (rather than floating point), was made available to the public on September 2, 2002 (also under a BSD-style license).[55] Tremor, or platform-specific versions based on it, is more suited to implementation on the limited facilities available in commercial portable players. A number of versions that make adjustments for specific platforms and include customized optimizations for given embedded microprocessors have been produced. Several hardware manufacturers have expressed[citation needed] intentions to produce Vorbis-compliant devices and new Vorbis devices seem to be appearing at a steady rate.[citation needed]
- Sailfish OS devices
- Tizen devices
- Openmoko Neo 1973 and Neo Freerunner
- Devices based on Google's Android platform support Ogg Vorbis media files.[56][57]
- Digital audio players such as Cowon's D2 and iAudio X5 ship with Ogg Vorbis support.
- Samsung YP series of digital audio players[58] ships with Ogg Vorbis support.
- The majority of iriver devices provide Ogg Vorbis support up to Q10 bitrates.[59][60][61] (as July 2008)
- Cowon C2 (Ogg and FLAC support)
- Sandisk added Vorbis capability to the 1.01.29 firmware for the Sansa Clip player. (added in May 2008)
- Sandisk added Vorbis capability for the Sansa Fuze player in the 1.01.15 firmware update. (added October 3, 2008)
- Sandisk Sansa Clip+
- Sandisk Sansa Fuze+
- Meizu's M6 and M3 Digital Audio Players
- Elta 8844 MPEG4 DVD/DivX player can play music files in both MP3 or Ogg Vorbis format
- Vedia A10 plays Ogg Vorbis and FLAC in addition to MP3, AAC and other formats
- S1 MP3 Players also supports Ogg Vorbis since at least 2006, though this is not typically listed on the player's packaging.
- GamePark Holding's Linux based portable gaming consoles (GP32, GP2X F100-F200, GP2X Wiz) officially support Ogg Vorbis.
- RIM BlackBerry 9800 "Torch" and 9670 "Style"
- VDO Dayton CD1737X car radio supports 8-192kbit/s Ogg Vorbis files
- HP TouchPad was given support for Ogg Vorbis with the webOS 3.0.4 update
- Denon SC5000 Prime media player
- Ultra HD Blu-ray players support decoding of 4K resolution VP8/VP9 video with Ogg Vorbis audio.
Apple's iPod does not natively support Vorbis but through the use of Rockbox, an open-source firmware project, is capable of decoding Vorbis files on certain models. Similar statements apply to other devices capable of running Rockbox, as well. The Xiph.Org Foundation wiki has an up-to-date list of Vorbis-supporting hardware, such as portables, PDAs, and microchips.[62] Also see Internet radio device for an overview.
Application software
[edit]Software supporting Vorbis exists for many platforms. The multi-platform open-source VLC media player and MPlayer can play Ogg Vorbis files, as can Winamp and foobar2000. Windows Media Player does not natively support Vorbis; however, DirectShow filters exist to decode Vorbis in Windows Media Player and other Windows multimedia players that support DirectShow.[63] Vorbis is also supported in the multi-platform audio editing software Audacity, in the multi-platform multimedia frameworks FFmpeg, GStreamer and Helix DNA. Vorbis is well-supported on the Linux platform in programs like XMMS, xine, Amarok. A list of Vorbis-supporting software can be found at the Xiph.Org Foundation wiki and Vorbis.com website.[64][65] Users can test these programs using the list of Vorbis audio streams available on the same wiki.[66] For more information about support in software media players there is a comparison of media players available.
Some newer Ubisoft games use Vorbis files renamed with the filename extension .sb0. It can therefore be played using a compatible player, although sometimes one must force a different sampling rate to hear it correctly. A number of tools are available for extracting sound from archived files such as the .m4b of Myst IV: Revelation.
As originally recommended by HTML 5, these web browsers natively support Vorbis audio (without a plug-in) using the <audio>
element: Mozilla Firefox 3.5 (and later versions),[67][68] Google Chrome (from version 3.0.182.2),[69] SeaMonkey (from version 2.0).[70] Opera 9.5 experimental video builds released in 2007 and 2008 have only <video>
support and play back Vorbis audio included in Ogg video files.[71][72] Opera 10.5 browser has support for Vorbis audio, WAVE PCM audio and Theora video.[73][74]
The game design software RPG Maker MV, released in October 2015, is the first version of that program to drop MP3 support in favor of Ogg Vorbis.
In October 2017, Microsoft released support for Ogg media container, and Theora and Vorbis media formats as an optional add-on to Windows 10 and Xbox One, available for free in the Microsoft Store.[75]
Microsoft Windows | macOS | Linux | Android | iOS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codec support | Yes[75] | Via third-party applications | Yes | Yes | Via third-party apps |
Container support | On Windows 10 Fall Creators Update (1709) with Web Media Extensions add-on: Ogg (.ogg is not recognised; requires pseudo extension)[a] Matroska (.mka, .mkv) On Windows 10 October 2018 Update (1809): WebM (.webm is recognised officially) On Windows 10 May 2019 Update (1903): Ogg (.ogg is recognised officially) |
depends on application | Ogg (.ogg) Matroska (.mka, .mkv) WebM (.webm) |
Ogg (.ogg, .oga) Matroska (.mka, .mkv) WebM (.webm) |
depends on application |
Notes | On Windows 10: - Requires Fall Creators Update (1709) and installation of Web Media Extensions package. - On April 2018 Update (1803) with Web Media Extensions preinstalled, Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML 17) supports Vorbis audio embedded in <audio> tags. - Supported on Universal Windows Platform apps (Groove Music, Microsoft Movies & TV). Unsupported on Windows Media Player. - Up till October 2018 update (1809), the filename extension .ogg was not recognised. (substitute with a pseudo file extension such as .m4a)[76] On Windows 8.1 and older: - Requires installation of a third-party multimedia framework, LAV Filters. |
No native support in the macOS native multimedia framework. In versions of Mac OS X prior to 10.11 El Capitan, Vorbis support could be added to QuickTime using the Xiph QuickTime Components.[77] |
- | - | No native support in the iOS native multimedia framework. |
See also
[edit]- Comparison of audio coding formats
- Icecast, streaming media server which currently supports Ogg (Vorbis and Theora), Opus and WebM streams.
- JUCE, cross-platform C++ toolkit with embedded Vorbis support
- Ogg bitstream container
- Opus, audio format by Xiph that is biased towards latency
- Vorbis comment, metadata format used by Vorbis
- XML Shareable Playlist Format, playlist format
- Xiph QuickTime Components, official QuickTime implementation
Notes
[edit]- ^ The
.ogg
filename extension is not recognised by Universal Windows Platform apps Groove Music and Microsoft Movies & TV, hence a pseudo extension of another audio format (such as.m4a
) is required instead.[76]
References
[edit]- ^ "MIME Types and File Extensions - XiphWiki". wiki.xiph.org.
- ^ a b Montgomery, Christopher (May 8, 2000). "Merge done". vorbis-dev. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
- ^ a b "Ogg Vorbis". Xiph.Org Foundation. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
- ^ Xiph.Org Foundation (January 20, 2012). "Vorbis I specification". Xiph.Org Foundation. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
- ^ "PlayOgg! - FSF - Free Software Foundation". March 17, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
- ^ Ogg Vorbis Audio Format (Full draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. February 19, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
- ^ Giles, Ralph (July 4, 2020). "[Vorbis] vorbis 1.3.7 release".
- ^ a b "Vorbis.com FAQ". Xiph.Org Foundation. Archived from the original on October 1, 2005. Retrieved August 29, 2009.
- ^ "Sample Xiph.Org Variant of the BSD License". Xiph.Org Foundation. Retrieved August 29, 2009.
- ^ Xiph.Org (January 22, 2014). "libVorbis 1.3.4 released". Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ^ "MIME Types and File Extensions". Xiph.org wiki. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
- ^ "Interview: Christopher Montgomery of Xiphophorus". Advogado. April 4, 2000. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
- ^ a b "naming". Xiph.Org Foundation. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020.
- ^ "About". Xiph.org. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- ^ Robertson, Michael (September 11, 1998). "Fraunhofer Lowers Patent Boom on MP3 Software Developers". Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- ^ Zisk, Brian (April 19, 2000). "Dvorak Interviews Monty". vorbis. Xiph. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ^ "Ogg" (project homepage). Xiphophorus. May 20, 2000. Archived from the original on May 20, 2000. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
- ^ "The Ogg Vorbis CODEC project". Xiphophorus co. May 11, 2000. Archived from the original on June 10, 2000. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
- ^ February 2001 on xiph.org "With the Beta 4 release, the Ogg Vorbis libraries have moved to the BSD license. The change from LGPL to BSD was made to enable the use of Ogg Vorbis in all forms of software and hardware. Jack Moffitt says, "We are changing the license in response to feedback from many parties. It has become clear to us that adoption of Ogg Vorbis will be accelerated even further by the use of a less restrictive license that is friendlier toward proprietary software and hardware systems. We want everyone to be able to use Ogg Vorbis.""
- ^ RMS on license change on lwn.net
- ^ "OGG Vorbis 1.0 officially released". AfterDawn. July 19, 2002. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
- ^ "Ogg Vorbis official release is here". News. CNET. July 19, 2002. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
- ^ Montgomery, Christopher (July 19, 2002). "Vorbis 1.0 released". vorbis (Mailing list). Retrieved June 4, 2009.
- ^ "OpusFAQ - XiphWiki". wiki.xiph.org. February 3, 2013. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
- ^ Hoene, Christian; Valin, Jean-Marc; Vos, Koen; Skoglund, Jan (May 17, 2013). "Summary of Opus listening test results". Ietf Datatracker. Archived from the original on December 15, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
- ^ "Results of the public multiformat listening test (July 2014)". listening-test.coresv.net. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
- ^ "OpusFAQ - XiphWiki". wiki.xiph.org. October 3, 2020. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
- ^ Sharpless Smith, Susan (2010). Web-based Instruction: A Guide for Libraries. American Library Association. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8389-1056-6.
- ^ Brown, Andrew (2007). Computers in Music Education: Amplifying Musicality. Routledge. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-4159-7850-7.
- ^ Dawes, Adam (2010). Windows Mobile Game Development: Building games for the Windows Phone and other mobile devices. Apress. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-4302-2929-2.
- ^ "Recordings about our Philosophy". GNU Project. Free Software Foundation (FSF). Archived from the original on November 26, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2008.
- ^ "Xiph.Org Wiki, Games that use Vorbis". March 3, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
- ^ a b "Ogg Sites". Free Software Foundation. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
- ^ "Ogg Vorbis — no future?". November 4, 2007. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
- ^ Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia, Retrieved 2009
- ^ "First steps/Quality and description". Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
- ^ "Radio New Zealand Oggcasts". Retrieved January 14, 2009.
- ^ "Deutschlandradio im Internet mit OGG-Vorbis-Stream". Archived from the original on August 30, 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2009.
- ^ "Audio Quality on Spotify". February 3, 2019. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019.
- ^ "Bumping up the Bitrate". Spotify News. June 25, 2009. Archived from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
- ^ "Audio Quality". June 6, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
- ^ "Qobuz FAQ". Archived from the original on April 24, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
- ^ Xiph.Org Foundation (June 2, 2009). "Vorbis I specification - 1.1.2 Classification". Xiph.Org Foundation. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
- ^ "Oggless proposal". Xiph.Org Foundation.
- ^ "Xiph.Org announces support for the WebM open media project". Xiph.Org. May 19, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ "Introducing WebM, an open web media project". May 19, 2010. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
- ^ "FAQ". WebM. Google. May 19, 2010.
- ^ Barbato, Luca (August 2008). "RFC 5215 — RTP Payload Format for Vorbis Encoded Audio". IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5215. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
- ^ Xiph.Org Foundation. "Vorbis Comment Field Documentation". Retrieved March 14, 2007.
- ^ "Recommended Ogg Vorbis - Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase". Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ "libvorbis 1.1 changelog". September 22, 2004. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ "Xiph.Org Monthly Meeting, 2007/02". February 7, 2007. Archived from the original on September 30, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ Jack Moffitt (February 26, 2001). "[icecast-dev] Xiph.org announces Vorbis Beta 4 and the Xiph.org Foundation". Retrieved November 13, 2006.
- ^ "Vorbis development, status & patent issues". 2003. Archived from the original on June 25, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2006.
- ^ "[vorbis-dev] tremor relicensed as BSD". September 3, 2002. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
- ^ "Android SDK m5-rc14 now available". Android Developers' Blog. Retrieved December 15, 2008.
- ^ "Supported media formats". Android Developers.
- ^ "PortablePlayers - XiphWiki". wiki.xiph.org.
- ^ "Redesign Your Life Style, IRIVER". www.iriver.co.kr. Archived from the original on November 3, 2008.
- ^ "Redesign Your Life Style, IRIVER". www.iriver.co.kr. Archived from the original on April 28, 2009.
- ^ "Redesign Your Life Style, IRIVER". www.iriver.co.kr. Archived from the original on June 4, 2010.
- ^ "VorbisHardware - XiphWiki". Xiph.Org Foundation. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^ "illiminable Ogg Directshow Filters for Speex, Vorbis, Theora and FLAC". Retrieved June 24, 2008.
- ^ "VorbisSoftwarePlayers - XiphWiki". Xiph.Org Foundation. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^ Xiph.Org Foundation. "Vorbis.com: 3rd party software". Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved October 12, 2009.
- ^ "VorbisStreams - XiphWiki". Xiph.Org Foundation. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^ MozillaWiki (March 18, 2009), Firefox3.5/Features, MozillaWiki, retrieved October 11, 2009
- ^ Mozilla Corporation (June 30, 2009), Mozilla Firefox 3.5 Release Notes, Mozilla Corporation, retrieved October 11, 2009
- ^ Google Chrome to support HTML 5 video, SoftSailor, May 28, 2009, archived from the original on October 3, 2009, retrieved October 11, 2009
- ^ Robert Kaiser (September 16, 2009), What's New in SeaMonkey 2.0 Beta 2, seamonkey-project.org, retrieved October 11, 2009
- ^ Experimental Opera-video build with native Ogg Theora support, Opera, April 25, 2007, retrieved October 11, 2009
- ^ A call for video on the web - Opera <video> release on Labs, Opera, November 7, 2007, retrieved October 11, 2009
- ^ Philip Jägenstedt (December 31, 2009). "(re-)Introducing <video> - Official blog for Core developers at Opera". Opera. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
- ^ Arjan van Leeuwen (December 31, 2009). "Happy New Year! - Official blog for Core developers at Opera". Opera. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
- ^ a b Aleksandersen, Daniel (December 28, 2021). "Microsoft adds Ogg, Theora, and Vorbis media formats to Windows 10". www.ctrl.blog.
- ^ a b "Supported audio and video formats (Windows Runtime apps) - Windows app development". learn.microsoft.com. October 13, 2015.
- ^ "13.06.2016 - XiphQT discontinued". Xiph.Org: QuickTime Components. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
External links
[edit]- Vorbis site - Xiph reference implementation
- Vorbis reference implementation by Xiph.Org Foundation
- Players
- Christopher "Monty" Montgomery (main developer) interview, slashdot.org
- RTP Payload Format for Vorbis Encoded Audio. RFC 5215.
- Ogg Media Types. RFC 5334.