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{{Short description|King of Rwanda (1896–1931)}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Yuhi V of Rwanda
| name = Yuhi V of Rwanda
| image = Musinga.jpg
| image = YuhiVMusinga.jpg
| caption = Musinga (Yuhi) circa 1910
| caption = Musinga (Yuhi) circa 1910
| succession = [[List of kings of Rwanda|Mwami of Rwanda]]
| succession = [[List of kings of Rwanda|Mwami of Rwanda]]
| reign = 1896{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} – 12 November 1931<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=uXUqAQAAIAAJ&dq=November+1931+Mutara+III+of+Rwanda&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22November+12+1931%2C+and+the+enthronement+of+the+Christian+King+Mutara+III+Rudahigwa+four+days+later%22 |title=Resilience of a Nation: A History of the Military in Rwanda |author1=Frank K. Rusagara |publisher=[[Fountain Publishers]] |date=2009 |page=99}}</ref>
| reign = December 1896 – 12 November 1931<ref>{{cite web|title=The Kings of Rwanda - Fathers of a Nation Part II: Beneath the Banner of Christ the King - H. M. King Kigeli V|url=http://king-kigeli.org/monarchical-tradition-part-ii|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXUqAQAAIAAJ&q=%22November+12+1931%2C+and+the+enthronement+of+the+Christian+King+Mutara+III+Rudahigwa+four+days+later%22 |title=Resilience of a Nation: A History of the Military in Rwanda |author1=Frank K. Rusagara |publisher=[[Fountain Publishers]] |date=2009 |page=99|isbn=9789970190010 }}</ref>
| coronation =
| coronation =
| full name =
| full name =
| birth_date = <!-- {{birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| birth_date = 1883
| birth_place =
| birth_place = [[Kingdom of Rwanda]]
| death_date = 13 January 1944<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth) -->
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1944|01|13|1883|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kilembwe]], [[Belgian Congo]]
| death_place = [[Moba, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Moba]], [[Belgian Congo]]
| burial_date =
| burial_date =
| burial_place = <!-- <br /> {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| burial_place = <!-- <br /> {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| predecessor = [[Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa]]
| predecessor = [[Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa]]
| successor = [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]]
| successor = [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]]
| spouse = *Radegonde Nyiramavugo Kankazi<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=S1ggAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Radegonde+Nyiramavugo+Kankazi%22 |title=La Revue Coloniale Belge |work=La Revue Coloniale Belge |issue=78-101 |date=1949 |page=314}}</ref><br>
| spouse = * Radegonde Nyiramavugo Kankazi<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1ggAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Radegonde+Nyiramavugo+Kankazi%22 |title=La Revue Coloniale Belge |magazine=La Revue Coloniale Belge |issue=78–101 |date=1949 |page=314}}</ref><br>
*Mukashema
* Mukashema
*Nyirakabuga
* Nyirakabuga
| issue =
| house = Abanyiginya
| house = Abanyiginya
| house-type = Clan
| house-type = Clan
| dynasty =
| dynasty =
| father = [[Kigeli IV of Rwanda]]
| father = [[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri]]
| mother = Nyirayuhi Kanjogera<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=v0fo54LxVfoC&ots=4xhrO7a3gw&q=Nyirayuhi&f=false#v=snippet&q=Nyirayuhi&f=false |title=Defeat Is the Only Bad News |author=Alison Des Forges |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |date=2011 |page=17}}</ref>
| mother = Nyirayuhi Kanjogera<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0fo54LxVfoC&q=Nyirayuhi |title=Defeat Is the Only Bad News |author=Alison Des Forges |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |date=2011 |page=17|isbn=9780299281434 }}</ref>
| issue = [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] <br> [[Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]]
| signature =
| signature =
}}
}}
Yuhi Musinga ('''Yuhi V of Rwanda'''), king of [[Rwanda]], came to power in 1896 and collaborated with the [[German East Africa|German government]] to strengthen his own kingship. In 1931 he was deposed by [[Ruanda-Urundi|the Belgian administration]] because of his inability to work with subordinate chiefs and his refusal to be baptized a [[Roman Catholic]]. His eldest son, [[Mutara III of Rwanda]], succeeded him.
'''Yuhi Musinga''' ('''Yuhi V of Rwanda''', 1883 – 13 January 1944)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&dq=Yuhi+V+of+Rwanda+1883&pg=PA2483 Profile of Yuhi Musinga]</ref> was a king (''[[List of kings of Rwanda|umwami]]'') of [[Kingdom of Rwanda|Rwanda]] who came to power in 1896 and collaborated with the [[German East Africa|German government]] to strengthen his own kingship. In 1931 he was deposed by the [[Ruanda-Urundi|Belgian administration]] because of his inability to work with subordinate chiefs and his refusal to be baptized a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]. His eldest son, [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]], succeeded him.


== Biography ==
⚫
Musinga acceded to power as a young teenager, in a palace coup which overturned the short reign of Rutarindwa, the original successor to the powerful king Kigeri Rwabugiri (1863–95) of Rwanda. Over his reign Musinga struggled with three major issues. The first was the question of legitimacy. The overthrow of Rutarindwa was organized by members of the Bega clan, including Kanjogera, widow of Rwabugiri and Musinga’s mother. Such an accession to power brought into question the legitimacy of Musinga’s claims to kingship, claims normally defined by clear ritual protocol. The second concerned the relation of the royal court to the separate regions of the country, as following Rwabugiri’s death many areas occupied by his armies broke away, diminishing the domain of the kingdom. Third, Musinga’s accession was quickly followed by the arrival of German forces in the area, along with a powerful missionary order, the “Missionnaires d'Afrique” (the “White Fathers”), creating a colonial context that marked Musinga’s reign (1896–1931).<ref>[[Alison Des Forges]], ''Defeat is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896-1931'' (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 2011).</ref>
[[File:King Muzinga’s dancers in Nyanza 1928. (9422840668).jpg|thumb|left|King Musinga’s [[Intore|lion dancers]] in [[Nyanza, Rwanda|Nyanza]] (1928)]]
⚫
Musinga acceded to power as a young teenager, in a palace coup which overturned the short reign of [[Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa]], the original successor to the powerful king [[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri|Kigeri Rwabugiri]] (1840–95) of Rwanda. Over his reign Musinga struggled with three major issues. The first was the question of legitimacy. The overthrow of Rutarindwa was organized by members of the Bega clan, including Kanjogera, widow of Rwabugiri and Musinga’s mother. Such an accession to power brought into question the legitimacy of Musinga’s claims to kingship, claims normally defined by clear ritual protocol. The second concerned the relation of the royal court to the separate regions of the country, as following Rwabugiri’s death many areas occupied by his armies broke away, diminishing the domain of the kingdom. Third, Musinga’s accession was quickly followed by the arrival of German forces in the area, along with a powerful missionary order, the “Missionnaires d'Afrique” (the “[[White Fathers]]”), creating a colonial context that marked Musinga’s reign (1896–1931).<ref>[[Alison Des Forges]], ''Defeat is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896-1931'' (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 2011).</ref>


During Musinga’s reign German power was used to reassert royal authority over many autonomous areas, while the court delegates served as colonial administrators, especially under Belgian rule after World War I. The missionaries were also used to try to extend court legitimacy. However, such policies of collaboration with European actors created strong cleavages at the royal court of Musinga, as political factions competed for power and aligned themselves variously with outside actors and local allies.<ref>Alexis Kagame, ''Un abrégé de l’histoire du Rwanda de 1853 à 1972'' (Butare: Editions Universitaires du Rwanda, 1975), II: 129-82.</ref>
During Musinga’s reign German power was used to reassert royal authority over many autonomous areas, while the court delegates served as colonial administrators, especially under Belgian rule after [[World War I]]. The missionaries were also used to try to extend court legitimacy. However, such policies of collaboration with European actors created strong cleavages at the royal court of Musinga, as political factions competed for power and aligned themselves variously with outside actors and local allies.<ref>[[Alexis Kagame]], ''Un abrégé de l’histoire du Rwanda de 1853 à 1972'' (Butare: Editions Universitaires du Rwanda, 1975), II: 129-82.</ref>


Four factors in particular marked Musinga's reign: World War I, and the replacement of German rule by Belgian rule; the expansion of the royal power to areas autonomous of the court; the presence of many powerful competing factions at the court; and a major famine in 1928–29.<ref>Des Forges; Jean Rumiya, ''Le Rwanda sous mandat belge (1916-1931)'' (Paris: L’Harmattan 1992).</ref>
Four factors in particular marked Musinga's reign: World War I, and the replacement of German rule by Belgian rule; the expansion of the royal power to areas autonomous of the court; the presence of many powerful competing factions at the court; and [[Rwakayihura famine|a major famine in 1928–29]].<ref>Des Forges; Jean Rumiya, ''Le Rwanda sous mandat belge (1916-1931)'' (Paris: L’Harmattan 1992).</ref>


In November 1931 Musinga was deposed by the Belgian administration and replaced by his son Mutara Rudahigwa (r. 1931–59). Exiled first to Kamembe, in southwest Rwanda, and then to Kilembwe, in southeastern Congo, Musinga died on 13 January 1944.
In November 1931, Musinga was deposed by the Belgian administration and replaced by his son [[Mutara III Rudahigwa|Mutara Rudahigwa]] (r. 1931–59). Exiled first to [[Cyangugu|Kamembe]], in southwest Rwanda, and then to [[Kilembwe]], in southeastern [[Belgian Congo|Congo]], Musinga died on 13 January 1944 by natural causes.


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{commons}}
Des Forges, Alison. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=v0fo54LxVfoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=alison+des+forges&hl=en&ei=hM-9TZn_LKfk0QGu6pDKBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musiinga, 1896-1931]'' (1972; Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011).
* Des Forges, Alison. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=v0fo54LxVfoC&q=alison+des+forges Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musiinga, 1896-1931]'' (1972; Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011).
⚫
* Kagame, Alexis. ''Un abrégé de l’histoire du Rwanda de 1853 à 1972,'' II, 129-82. (Butare: Editions Universitaires du Rwanda, 1975), 129-82.
⚫
* Rumiya, Jean. ''Le Rwanda sous mandat belge (1916-1931)''. (Paris: L’Harmattan 1992).
* [https://archives.africamuseum.be/agents/people/742 Archive Yuhi V Musinga], Royal Museum for Central Africa


{{S-start}}
⚫
Kagame, Alexis. ''Un abrégé de l’histoire du Rwanda de 1853 à 1972,'' II, 129-82. (Butare: Editions Universitaires du Rwanda, 1975), 129-82.
{{s-reg}}

{{succession box
⚫
Rumiya, Jean. ''Le Rwanda sous mandat belge (1916-1931)''. (Paris: L’Harmattan 1992).
|title=[[List of kings of Rwanda|King of Rwanda]]
|years=1896–1931
|before=[[Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa]]
|after=[[Mutara III Rudahigwa]]
}}
{{S-end}}
{{Monarchs of Rwanda}}
{{Monarchs of Rwanda}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuhi 05 Of Rwanda}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuhi 05 Of Rwanda}}
[[Category:Rwandan kings]]
[[Category:Kings of Rwanda]]
⚫
[[Category:19th-century births]]
[[Category:20th-century deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century monarchs in Africa]]
[[Category:19th-century monarchs in Africa]]
[[Category:Rwandan exiles]]
[[Category:Rwandan exiles]]
⚫
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]

Latest revision as of 18:39, 12 July 2024

Yuhi V of Rwanda
Musinga (Yuhi) circa 1910
Mwami of Rwanda
ReignDecember 1896 – 12 November 1931[1][2]
PredecessorMibambwe IV Rutarindwa
SuccessorMutara III Rudahigwa
Born1883
Kingdom of Rwanda
Died13 January 1944(1944-01-13) (aged 60–61)
Moba, Belgian Congo
Spouse
  • Radegonde Nyiramavugo Kankazi[3]
  • Mukashema
  • Nyirakabuga
IssueMutara III Rudahigwa
Kigeli V Ndahindurwa
ClanAbanyiginya
FatherKigeli IV Rwabugiri
MotherNyirayuhi Kanjogera[4]

Yuhi Musinga (Yuhi V of Rwanda, 1883 – 13 January 1944)[5] was a king (umwami) of Rwanda who came to power in 1896 and collaborated with the German government to strengthen his own kingship. In 1931 he was deposed by the Belgian administration because of his inability to work with subordinate chiefs and his refusal to be baptized a Roman Catholic. His eldest son, Mutara III Rudahigwa, succeeded him.

Biography

[edit]
King Musinga’s lion dancers in Nyanza (1928)

Musinga acceded to power as a young teenager, in a palace coup which overturned the short reign of Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa, the original successor to the powerful king Kigeri Rwabugiri (1840–95) of Rwanda. Over his reign Musinga struggled with three major issues. The first was the question of legitimacy. The overthrow of Rutarindwa was organized by members of the Bega clan, including Kanjogera, widow of Rwabugiri and Musinga’s mother. Such an accession to power brought into question the legitimacy of Musinga’s claims to kingship, claims normally defined by clear ritual protocol. The second concerned the relation of the royal court to the separate regions of the country, as following Rwabugiri’s death many areas occupied by his armies broke away, diminishing the domain of the kingdom. Third, Musinga’s accession was quickly followed by the arrival of German forces in the area, along with a powerful missionary order, the “Missionnaires d'Afrique” (the “White Fathers”), creating a colonial context that marked Musinga’s reign (1896–1931).[6]

During Musinga’s reign German power was used to reassert royal authority over many autonomous areas, while the court delegates served as colonial administrators, especially under Belgian rule after World War I. The missionaries were also used to try to extend court legitimacy. However, such policies of collaboration with European actors created strong cleavages at the royal court of Musinga, as political factions competed for power and aligned themselves variously with outside actors and local allies.[7]

Four factors in particular marked Musinga's reign: World War I, and the replacement of German rule by Belgian rule; the expansion of the royal power to areas autonomous of the court; the presence of many powerful competing factions at the court; and a major famine in 1928–29.[8]

In November 1931, Musinga was deposed by the Belgian administration and replaced by his son Mutara Rudahigwa (r. 1931–59). Exiled first to Kamembe, in southwest Rwanda, and then to Kilembwe, in southeastern Congo, Musinga died on 13 January 1944 by natural causes.

Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Rwanda
1896–1931 		Succeeded by

Works cited

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Kings of Rwanda - Fathers of a Nation Part II: Beneath the Banner of Christ the King - H. M. King Kigeli V".
  2. ^ Frank K. Rusagara (2009). Resilience of a Nation: A History of the Military in Rwanda. Fountain Publishers. p. 99. ISBN 9789970190010.
  3. ^ "La Revue Coloniale Belge". La Revue Coloniale Belge. No. 78–101. 1949. p. 314.
  4. ^ Alison Des Forges (2011). Defeat Is the Only Bad News. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780299281434.
  5. ^ Profile of Yuhi Musinga
  6. ^ Alison Des Forges, Defeat is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896-1931 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 2011).
  7. ^ Alexis Kagame, Un abrégé de l’histoire du Rwanda de 1853 à 1972 (Butare: Editions Universitaires du Rwanda, 1975), II: 129-82.
  8. ^ Des Forges; Jean Rumiya, Le Rwanda sous mandat belge (1916-1931) (Paris: L’Harmattan 1992).

Bibliography

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yuhi Musinga.
  • Des Forges, Alison. Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musiinga, 1896-1931 (1972; Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2011).
  • Kagame, Alexis. Un abrégé de l’histoire du Rwanda de 1853 à 1972, II, 129-82. (Butare: Editions Universitaires du Rwanda, 1975), 129-82.
  • Rumiya, Jean. Le Rwanda sous mandat belge (1916-1931). (Paris: L’Harmattan 1992).
  • Archive Yuhi V Musinga, Royal Museum for Central Africa
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Rwanda
1896–1931 		Succeeded by
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