Zuni-Cibola Complex: Difference between revisions

	Zuni-Cibola Complex
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark District
	NM State Register of Cultural Properties
	"Landscape with an episode from the Conquest of America", probably a fanciful artist's conception of Coronado attacking Hawikuh in 1540. Mountain in the left background is probably Mount Taylor.
Nearest city	Zuni, New Mexico
Area	750 acres (300 ha)
NRHP reference No.	74002267
NMSRCP No.	374
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	December 2, 1974
Designated NHLD	December 2, 1974
Designated NMSRCP	February 28, 1975

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The Zuni-Cibola Complex is a collection of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites on the Zuni Pueblo in western New Mexico. It comprises Hawikuh, Yellow House, Kechipbowa, and Great Kivas, all sites of long residence and important in the early Spanish colonial contact period. It was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1974.^[2] These properties were considered as major elements of a national park, but the proposal was ultimately rejected by the Zuni people.

History

The name "Cibola" first entered recorded history in 1539, when Spaniards in southern New Spain (present day Mexico and Central America) heard rumors that there was a province by this name with "Seven Cities of Gold", located across the desert hundreds of leagues to the north. These rumors were largely caused by reports given by the four shipwrecked survivors of the failed Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and an African slave named Esteban Dorantes, or Estevanico. Upon finally returning to New Spain, the adventurers said they had heard stories from Natives about cities with great and limitless riches.

Upon hearing the castaways' tales, Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza organized an expedition headed by the Franciscan friar Marcos de Niza, who took Estevanico as his guide. During the voyage, in a place called Vacapa (probably located somewhere around the state of Sonora), de Niza sent Estevanico to scout ahead. A short while later, Estevanico met a monk who had heard stories from the Natives about seven cities called "Cibola", said to be overflowing with riches. Estevanico did not wait for the friar, but instead continued travelling until he reached Cibola (Háwikuh, now in New Mexico), where, at the hands of the Zuni tribe, he met his death, and his companions were forced to flee.

Marcos de Niza returned to Mexico City and said that the expedition had continued even after the death of Estevanico. He claimed that they had seen Cíbola from a great distance, and that it was larger than Tenochtitlan; in this city, the people used dishes of gold and silver, decorated their houses with turquoise, and had gigantic pearls, emeralds, and other beautiful gems. It is now believed by some historians that the mica-inflected clay of the adobe pueblos may have created an optical illusion when inflamed by the setting sun, thus fuelling the tale.

Upon hearing this news, the Viceroy de Mendoza wasted no time in organizing a large military expedition to take possession of the riches that the monk had described with such vivid detail. Upon the Viceroy's command, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado began his expedition, taking the friar Marcos de Niza as his guide. Coronado left with a small group of explorers from Culiacán on April 22, 1540.

When Coronado arrived at Hawikuh pueblo, which the chroniclers called Cevola, Tzibola, or Cibola, he discovered that Marcos de Niza's stories were lies, and that there were in fact no treasures as the friar had described. He also found that, contrary to the friar's account, the sea was not within view from that region, but it was instead many days' journey away. Nevertheless, Coronado occupied the region by military force and used it as a base for future explorations.

Sites

The Zuni Pueblo has a large number of archaeological sites, and was considered in the early 1970s as a site for a major national cultural park, based on a subset of those sites that are larger and suitable for public access.^[3] The stated intent was to preserve and stabilize the archaeological properties, and to properly interpret them for visitors to the region. Congress authorized enabling legislation in 1988, but the proposal foundered when the people of Zuni Pueblo overwhelmingly voted against leasing land to the National Park Service for the project.^[4] The park proposal included four major elements, described below, all of which are located on Zuni reservation lands.^[3]

Yellow House

Yellow House, known in Zuni as "Heshotathluptsina", is located east of Zuni near the mouth of Horsehead Canyon. In the early 1970s, it was largely unimproved and unexcavated, surveys indicated it was probably a late prehistoric habitation (c. 14th century CE), although there was also evidence of possible earlier use. The site's location was considered suitable as a contact site for the proposed national park, due to its proximity to New Mexico State Road 53.^[3]

Hawikuh

Hawikuh was one of the largest settlements in the Zuni territory at the time of Coronado's 1540 expedition. Located about 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Zuni, it includes the excavated ruins of that settlement, as well as the remains of the 17th-century Spanish mission La Purísima Concepcíón de Hawikuh. Spanish control over Hawikuh in the 17th century was always tenuous, and it was abandoned after the 1680 Pueblo Rebellion.^[3]

Kechipbowa

Kechipbowa is located about 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Hawikuh. It is a multifaceted site, including structures associated with occupation during the 15th and 16th centuries, but also with remains that are likely older, and the remains of another 17th-century Spanish mission church.^[3]

Great Kivas

The Village of the Great Kivas is located 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Zuni, and is considered a transitional site associated with both the Chaco culture, which flourished north of the Zuni territory 1100–1350 CE, and the Mogollon culture to the south. The site includes three major room complexes and two very large kivas.^[3]

References

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f National Park Service (1977). Master Plan: Zuni-Cibola National Cultural Park. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
^ "Zuni-Cibola National Historical Park, the Park that Died A-Borning". National Parks Traveler. January 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2017.

External links

The journey of Coronado, 1540-1542, from the city of Mexico to the Grand Canon of the Colorado and the buffalo plains of Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, as told by himself and his followers - Complete primary documents pertaining to Coronado's expeditions, translated by George Parker Winship, at Portal to Texas History.
Zuni-Cibola National Historical Park, the Park that Died A-Borning, National Parks Traveler, June 28, 2009
Journal of Marco de Nicas Translation of Marco de Nicas' (Niza) 1539 journal of his visit to Ceuola (Cibola) where Stephan (Estevanico) was killed.
Journal of Alvar Nunez Translation of the journal of the 9 years Alvar Nunez spent wandering from Florida to the Pacific during the failed Narváez expedition.

Sources

Crampton, C. Gregory. The Zunis of Cibola. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1977.

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.

[nhlsum-2] "National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved December 12, 2016.

[parkplan-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f National Park Service (1977). Master Plan: Zuni-Cibola National Cultural Park. Retrieved April 17, 2017.

[4] "Zuni-Cibola National Historical Park, the Park that Died A-Borning". National Parks Traveler. January 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2017.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Hatnote|For popular culture references to Cibola legends, see [[Seven Cities of Gold]].}}
-{{Infobox_nrhp | name =Zuni-Cibola Complex
+{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
-  | nrhp_type = nhld
+{{Infobox NRHP
-  | image =
-  | caption =
+  | name = Zuni-Cibola Complex
+  | nrhp_type = nhld | nocat = yes
-  | nearest_city= [[Zuni, New Mexico]]
-  | locmapin = New Mexico
+  | designated_other1 = New Mexico
+  | designated_other1_date = February 28, 1975
-  | area =
+  | designated_other1_number = [http://www.nmhistoricpreservation.org/assets/files/registers/2012%20Report_%20Section%203_%20Arranged%20by%20Number.pdf 374]
-| architect=
+  | designated_other1_num_position = bottom
-| architecture=
+  | image = West indies.jpg
-| designated_nrhp_type= December 2, 1974<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1520&ResourceType=District
+  | caption = "Landscape with an episode from the Conquest of America", probably a fanciful artist's conception of  [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado|Coronado]] attacking Hawikuh in 1540. Mountain in the left background is probably [[Mount Taylor (New Mexico)|Mount Taylor]].
-|title=Zuni-Cibola Complex |accessdate=2008-06-12|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
+  | nearest_city = [[Zuni, New Mexico]]
- | added = December 2, 1974<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref>
+  | area = {{convert|750|acre|ha}}
- | governing_body = Private
+  | designated_nrhp_type= December 2, 1974<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/nm/NM.pdf|title=National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico|access-date=2016-12-12|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
- | refnum=74002267
+  | added = December 2, 1974
-}}
+  | refnum = 74002267<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>}}
-'''Zuni-Cibola Complex''', which comprises '''[[Hawikuh]], Yellow House, Kechipbowa, and Great Kivas''', is a set of sites near [[Zuni, New Mexico]].
+The '''Zuni-Cibola Complex''' is a collection of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites on the [[Zuni Pueblo]] in western [[New Mexico]].  It comprises [[Hawikuh]], Yellow House, Kechipbowa, and Great Kivas, all sites of long residence and important in the early Spanish colonial contact period. It was declared a [[National Historic Landmark District]] in 1974.<ref name="nhlsum"/>  These properties were considered as major elements of a national park, but the proposal was ultimately rejected by the Zuni people.
-{{quote|The Zuni-Cibola Complex comprises a series of sites on the Zuni Reservation, containing house ruins, [[kivas]], [[pictographs]], [[petroglyphs]], trash mounds, and a mission church and [[convent]]. They have proven to be an important source of material providing evidence for the fusion, in prehistoric times, of [[Mogollon culture|Mogollon]] and [[Anasazi]] traits that led in subsequent centuries to a distinct [[Zuni people|Zuni]] culture.<ref name="nhlsum"/>}}
-It was declared a [[National Historic Landmark District]] in 1974.<ref name="nhlsum"/><ref name="nrhpinv_not">Note: A National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination document should be available upon request from the National Park Service for this site, but it appears not to be available on-line from the [http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreghome.do?searchtype=natreghome NPS Focus search site].</ref>
-[[Hawikuh Ruins]] is itself a National Historic Landmark.
 ==History==
+{{unreferenced section|date=March 2017}}
+The name "Cibola" first entered recorded history in 1539, when Spaniards in southern [[New Spain]] (present day [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]) heard rumors that there was a province by this name with "[[Seven Cities of Gold]]", located across the desert hundreds of [[League (unit)|leagues]] to the north. These rumors were largely caused by reports given by the four shipwrecked survivors of the failed [[Narváez expedition]], including [[Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca]] and an African slave named Esteban Dorantes, or [[Estevanico]]. Upon finally returning to [[New Spain]], the adventurers said they had heard stories from Natives about cities with great and limitless riches.
+Upon hearing the castaways' tales, Viceroy [[Antonio de Mendoza]] organized an expedition headed by the Franciscan friar [[Marcos de Niza]], who took Estevanico as his guide. During the voyage, in a place called Vacapa (probably located somewhere around the state of [[Sonora]]), de Niza sent Estevanico to scout ahead. A short while later, Estevanico met a monk who had heard stories from the Natives about seven cities called "Cibola", said to be overflowing with riches. Estevanico did not wait for the friar, but instead continued travelling until he reached Cibola ([[Hawikuh Ruins|Háwikuh]], now in [[New Mexico]]), where, at the hands of the Zuni tribe, he met his death, and his companions were forced to flee.
-The name '''Cibola''' first entered recorded history in 1539, when Spaniards in [[New Spain]] (now Mexico) heard rumors that there was a province by this name with "[[Seven Cities of Gold (myth)|Seven Cities of Gold]]", located across the desert hundreds of miles to the north. These rumors were largely caused by reports given by the four shipwrecked survivors of the failed [[Narváez expedition]], including [[Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca]] and an African slave named Esteban Dorantes, or [[Estevanico]]. Upon finally returning to [[New Spain]], the adventurers said they had heard stories from Natives about cities with great and limitless riches.
+Marcos de Niza returned to [[Mexico City]] and said that the expedition had continued even after the death of Estevanico. He claimed that they had seen Cíbola from a great distance, and that it was larger than [[Tenochtitlan]]; in this city, the people used dishes of gold and silver, decorated their houses with turquoise, and had gigantic pearls, emeralds, and other beautiful gems. It is now believed by some historians that the mica-inflected clay of the adobe pueblos may have created an optical illusion when inflamed by the setting sun, thus fuelling the tale.
-Upon hearing the castaways' tales, Viceroy [[Antonio de Mendoza]] organized an expedition headed by the Franciscan friar [[Marcos de Niza]], who took Estevanico as his guide. During the voyage, in a place called Vacapa (probably located somewhere around the state of [[Sonora]]), de Niza sent Estevanico to scout ahead. A short while later, Estevanico met a monk who had heard stories from the Natives about seven cities called "Cibola", said to be overflowing with riches.
+Upon hearing this news, the Viceroy de Mendoza wasted no time in organizing a large military expedition to take possession of the riches that the monk had described with such vivid detail. Upon the Viceroy's command, [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado]] began his expedition, taking the friar Marcos de Niza as his guide. Coronado left with a small group of explorers from [[Culiacán]] on April 22, 1540.
-Estevanico did not wait for the friar, but instead continued traveling until he reached Cibola ([[Hawikuh Ruins|Háwikuh]], now in [[New Mexico]]), where, at the hands of the Zuni tribe, he met his death, and his companions were forced to flee.
+When Coronado arrived at [[Hawikuh]] pueblo, which the chroniclers called '''Cevola''', '''Tzibola''', or ''Cibola'', he discovered that Marcos de Niza's stories were lies, and that there were in fact no treasures as the friar had described. He also found that, contrary to the friar's account, the sea was not within view from that region, but it was instead many days' journey away. Nevertheless, Coronado occupied the region by military force and used it as a base for future explorations.
-Marcos de Niza returned to [[Mexico City]] and said that the expedition had continued even after the death of Estevanico. He claimed that they had seen Cíbola from a great distance, and that it was larger than  [[Tenochtitlan]]; in this city, the people used dishes of gold and silver, decorated their houses with turquoise, and had gigantic pearls, emeralds, and other beautiful gems. It is now believed by some historians that the mica-inflected clay of the adobe pueblos may have created an optical illusion when inflamed by the setting sun, thus fueling the tale.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
+==Sites==
-Upon hearing this news, the Viceroy de Mendoza wasted no time in organizing a large military expedition to take possession of the riches that the monk had described with such vivid detail. Upon the Viceroy's command, [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado]] began his expedition, taking the friar Marcos de Niza as his guide. Coronado left with a small group of explorers from [[Culiacán]] on April 22, 1540.
+The Zuni Pueblo has a large number of archaeological sites, and was considered in the early 1970s as a site for a major national cultural park, based on a subset of those sites that are larger and suitable for public access.<ref name=parkplan/>  The stated intent was to preserve and stabilize the archaeological properties, and to properly interpret them for visitors to the region.  Congress authorized enabling legislation in 1988, but the proposal foundered when the people of Zuni Pueblo overwhelmingly voted against leasing land to the [[National Park Service]] for the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2009/06/zuni-cibola-national-historical-park-park-died-borning|title=Zuni-Cibola National Historical Park, the Park that Died A-Borning|publisher=National Parks Traveler|date=January 2009|access-date=2017-04-17}}</ref>  The park proposal included four major elements, described below, all of which are located on [[Zuni Indian Reservation|Zuni reservation lands]].<ref name=parkplan>{{cite book|author=National Park Service|title=Master Plan: Zuni-Cibola National Cultural Park|year=1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QTI3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP1|access-date=2017-04-17}}</ref>
+==Yellow House==
-When Coronado arrived at Hawikuh pueblo, which the chroniclers called '''Cevola''', '''Tzibola''', or ''Cibola'', he discovered that Marcos de Niza's stories were lies, and that there were in fact no treasures as the friar had described. He also found that, contrary to the friar's account, the sea was not within view from that region, but it was instead many days' journey away. Nevertheless, Coronado occupied the region by military force and used it as a base for future explorations.
+Yellow House, known in [[Zuni language|Zuni]] as "Heshotathluptsina", is located east of Zuni near the mouth of Horsehead Canyon.  In the early 1970s, it was largely unimproved and unexcavated, surveys indicated it was probably a late prehistoric habitation ({{Circa|14th century CE}}), although there was also evidence of possible earlier use.  The site's location was considered suitable as a contact site for the proposed national park, due to its proximity to [[New Mexico State Road 53]].<ref name=parkplan/>
+==Hawikuh==
-The entire "province of Cibola" (Zuni-inhabited territory) was said to consist of seven modest pueblos or villages, which were fully described in the contemporary documents and reports. It has been conjectured{{weasel inline|date=March 2013}} that the name comes from a Zuni word meaning "buffalo".
+{{main|Hawikuh Ruins}}
+Hawikuh was one of the largest settlements in the Zuni territory at the time of Coronado's 1540 expedition.  Located about {{convert|12|mi|km}} southwest of Zuni, it includes the excavated ruins of that settlement, as well as the remains of the 17th-century Spanish mission La Purísima Concepcíón de Hawikuh.  Spanish control over Hawikuh in the 17th century was always tenuous, and it was abandoned after the 1680 [[Pueblo Rebellion]].<ref name=parkplan/>
+==Kechipbowa==
-==Cibola in fiction and popular culture==
+Kechipbowa is located about {{convert|3|mi|km}} east of Hawikuh.  It is a multifaceted site, including structures associated with occupation during the 15th and 16th centuries, but also with remains that are likely older, and the remains of another 17th-century Spanish mission church.<ref name=parkplan/>
+==Great Kivas==
-*In the [[Stephen King]] book ''[[The Stand]]'', Trashcan Man is instructed by [[Randall Flagg]] to meet him in Cibola, which is later revealed to be [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]].
+The Village of the Great Kivas is located {{convert|17|mi|km}} northeast of Zuni, and is considered a transitional site associated with both the [[Chaco culture]], which flourished north of the Zuni territory 1100–1350 CE, and the [[Mogollon culture]] to the south. The site includes three major room complexes and two very large [[kiva]]s.<ref name=parkplan/>
-*[[Scrooge McDuck]] and his nephews discover the seven cities in the comic "The Seven Cities of Cibola" by [[Carl Barks]].<ref>{{Inducks comic|W+US++++7-02|The Seven Cities of Cibola}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
-  | last = Blum
+==See also==
-  | first = Geoffrey
+{{Portal|National Register of Historic Places}}
-  | authorlink = Geoffrey Blum
+*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Cibola County, New Mexico]]
-  | title = Wind from a Dead Galleon
+*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in McKinley County, New Mexico]]
-  | journal = The Adventures of Uncle Scrooge McDuck in Color
+*[[List of National Historic Landmarks in New Mexico]]
-  | volume = 7
-  | publisher = [[Gladstone Publishing]]
-  | date = 1996
-  | url = http://home.earthlink.net/~vathek/Wind.html
-  | accessdate = 2008-06-29}}</ref>
-*[[Scott O'Dell]]'s 1966 book ''[[The King's Fifth]]'' refers to seven cities of gold in the land of Cíbola.
-**The book in its turn inspired the 1980s Japanese/French animated children's series ''[[The Mysterious Cities of Gold]]''.
-* The Vertigo/DC comic book series ''[[Jack of Fables]]'' recently began a storyline called "Americana" which relates the efforts of Jack of the Tales in entering Cíbola (issue 17, January 08 cover date).
-*Cíbola was discovered beneath [[Mount Rushmore]] in ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', a 2007 film starring [[Nicolas Cage]] and [[Diane Kruger]].
-*[[David Moles]]' 2010 alternate history novella, ''[[Seven Cities of Gold (book)|Seven Cities of Gold]]'', draws upon the legend of Cibola to set the stage for cultural and religious conflict.
-*[[Edward Abbey]]'s autobiographical recount of his summer as a park ranger at Arches National Park, ''[[Desert Solitaire]]'', contains a reference to "seven modern cities of Cibola" including Phoenix, Tucson, and Flagstaff.
-*The quest for Cibola was in an episode of the U.S. television series "Daniel Boone" with [[Fess Parker]].
-*There is an arc in the Italian Western/Science Fiction [[comic]] [[Zagor]] about seven cities of gold which were abandoned and were remnants of an ancient highly developed civilization (Zagor #355-357, ITA/CRO: "Le sette città di Cibola" / "Sedam gradova Cibole").
-*Fictional romance author [[Kristin Hannah]] wrote "The Enchantment" which is a story of the quest for the legendary lost city of Cibola in the late 1800s. (1992)
-*Progressive rock band [[Rush (band)|Rush]] released a song "Seven Cities of Gold" on album "[[Clockwork Angels]]" on June 12, 2012.  The liner notes refer to Cíbola.
-*The video game [[Uncharted: Golden Abyss]] uses [[Quivira]] (one of the Seven Cities of Gold) as a final destination for the quest. The game also gives an explanation why [[Marcos de Niza]] lied about the location of the cities even though he really did find them.
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
-* Crampton, C. Gregory. ''The Zunis of Cibola''. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1977.
-{{refend}}
 ==External links==
-*[http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-3161 ''The journey of Coronado, 1540-1542, from the city of Mexico to the Grand Canon of the Colorado and the buffalo plains of Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, as told by himself and his followers''] - Complete primary documents pertaining to Coronado's expeditions, translated by George Parker Winship, at [http://texashistory.unt.edu/ Portal to Texas History].
+*[http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-3161 ''The journey of Coronado, 1540-1542, from the city of Mexico to the Grand Canon of the Colorado and the buffalo plains of Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, as told by himself and his followers''] - Complete primary documents pertaining to Coronado's expeditions, translated by George Parker Winship, at [https://web.archive.org/web/20000210020912/http://texashistory.unt.edu/ Portal to Texas History].
 *[http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2009/06/zuni-cibola-national-historical-park-park-died-borning Zuni-Cibola National Historical Park, the Park that Died A-Borning, National Parks Traveler, June 28, 2009]
-*[http://www.archive.org/stream/journeyofalvarnu00n#page/203/mode/2up Journal of Marco de Nicas] Translation of Marco de Nicas' (Niza) 1539 journal of his visit to Ceuola (Cibola) where Stephan (Estevanico) was killed.
+*[https://archive.org/stream/journeyofalvarnu00n#page/203/mode/2up Journal of Marco de Nicas] Translation of Marco de Nicas' (Niza) 1539 journal of his visit to Ceuola (Cibola) where Stephan (Estevanico) was killed.
-*[http://www.archive.org/stream/journeyofalvarnu00n#page/n5/mode/2up Journal of Alvar Nunez] Translation of the journal of the 9 years Alvar Nunez spent wandering from Florida to the Pacific during the failed Narváez expedition.
+*[https://archive.org/stream/journeyofalvarnu00n#page/n5/mode/2up Journal of Alvar Nunez] Translation of the journal of the 9 years Alvar Nunez spent wandering from Florida to the Pacific during the failed Narváez expedition.
-{{Registered Historic Places}}
+==Sources==
+* [[C. Gregory Crampton|Crampton, C. Gregory]]. ''The Zunis of Cibola''. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1977.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed -->
+{{National Register of Historic Places}}
 [[Category:National Historic Landmarks in New Mexico]]
-[[Category:Buildings and structures in Valencia County, New Mexico]]
+[[Category:Buildings and structures in Cibola County, New Mexico]]
-[[Category:History of Valencia County, New Mexico]]
+[[Category:Buildings and structures in McKinley County, New Mexico]]
+[[Category:History of Valencia County, New Mexico]]<!-- because it includes areas once part of that county-->
+[[Category:History of Cibola County, New Mexico]]
+[[Category:History of McKinley County, New Mexico]]
 [[Category:Puebloan buildings and structures]]
 [[Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico]]
+[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico]]
+[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Cibola County, New Mexico]]
+[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in McKinley County, New Mexico]]
+[[Category:Zuni culture]]

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