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Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost, BWV 114

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Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost
BWV 114
Chorale cantata by J. S. Bach
Johannes Gigas, the author of the hymn
Occasion17th Sunday after Trinity
Chorale"Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost"
by Johannes Gigas
Performed1 October 1724 (1724-10-01): Leipzig
Movementsseven
VocalSATB choir and solo
Instrumental
  • corno
  • flauto traverso
  • 2 oboes
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • continuo

Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost (Ah, dear Christians, be comforted),[1] BWV 114, in Leipzig for the 17th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 1 October 1724. It is based on on a 1561 hymn of penitence by Johannes Gigas. Its tune is featured in three of the work's seven movements.

Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost' belongs to Bach's chorale cantata cycle, the second cycle during his tenure as Thomaskantor that began in 1723. The text retains the first, third and last stanza of the chorale unchanged; the text of the other stanzas was paraphrased by an unknown librettist into arias and recitatives, including references to the prescribed gospel about the healing of a man with dropsy. The first movement is a chorale fantasia, and the work is closed by a four-part chorale setting.

Bach scored the cantata for four vocal parts, a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of a horn to reinforce the chorale tune, a flauto traverso, oboes, strings and basso continuo.

History and words

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Bach composed the cantata in his second year as Thomaskantor (director of music) in Leipzig for the 17th Sunday after Trinity.[2][3] That year, Bach composed a cycle of chorale cantatas, begun on the first Sunday after Trinity of 1724.[4] The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Ephesians, the admonition to keep the unity of the Spirit (Ephesians 4:1–6), and from the Gospel of Luke, healing a man with dropsy on the Sabbath (Luke 14:1–11).[2][5]

Jesus heals the sick by Rembrandt, as in the prescribed gospel, 1649

The cantata is based on a song of penitence, "Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost", in six stanzas by Johannes Gigas (1561),[2][6] sung to the melody of "Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält".[7] The hymn is only distantly related to the readings, concentrating on the thought that the Christians sin and deserve punishment,[8] but may be raised to joy in a "seliger Tod" (blessed death). An unknown librettist retained the first, third and sixth stanza as movements 1, 4 and 7 of the cantata.[3] He derived movements 2 and 3, aria and recitative, from stanza 2, movement 5, another aria, from stanza 4, and the last recitative from stanza 5. In movement 3, he deviated from the song text, expanding in connection to the gospel that sin in general is comparable to the dropsy, "diese Sündenwassersucht ist zum Verderben da und wird dir tödlich sein" (this sinful dropsy leads to destruction and will be fatal to you),[1] and alluding to Adam's fall, caused by self-exaltation in the forbidden quest to be like God, "Der Hochmut aß vordem von der verbotnen Frucht, Gott gleich zu werden" (Pride first ate the forbidden fruit, to be like God).[1][5]

Performance history

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Bach first performed the cantata on 1 October 1724,[2][3] only two days after the first performance of his chorale cantata Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir, BWV 130, on the feast of Michael, the archangel, 29 September 1724.[9] Bach revived the work in the 1740s. After Bach's death, it was performed by the Thomanerchor in the 1750s along with other chorale cantatas. This interest in the cycle suggests that the chorale cantatas had been well received in Leipzig. However, given the youth of Barth and Penzel, two former pupils of Bach who were the interim directors of the choir when the cantata was revived,[2] it is not clear how closely they were able to follow Bach's style of performance.

Music

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Structure and scoring

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Bach structured the cantata in seven movements. The chorale tune is used in movements 1, 4 and 7, as a chorale fantasia, a chorale sung by a solo voice, and a four-part closing chorale. These three movements frame two sets of aria and recitative. Bach scored the work for four vocal soloists (soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of horn (Co) to double the soprano, flauto traverso (Ft), two oboes (Ob), two violins (Vl), viola (Va), and basso continuo.[2][10] The title of the autograph score reads: "Dom: 17 post Trin: / Ach lieben Xsten seyd getrost / a 4 Voc: / Corno / 2 Hautbois / 2 Violini / Viola / con / Continuo / di / Sign:JS:Bach".[11]

In the following table of the movements, the keys and time signatures are taken from the Bach scholar Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4).[5] The instruments are shown separately for brass, woodwinds and strings, while the continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.

Movements of Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost
No. Title Text Type Vocal Brass Woods Strings Key Time
1 Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost Gigas Chorus SATB Co 2Ob 2Vl Va G minor common time
2 Wo wird diesem Jammertale anon. Aria T Ft D minor 3/4
3 O Sünder, trage mit Geduld anon. Recitative B common time
4 Kein Frucht das Weizenkörnlein bringt Gigas Chorale S G minor common time
5 Du machst, o Tod, mir nun nicht ferner bange anon. Aria A Ob 2Vl Va B-flat major common time
6 Indes bedenke deine Seele anon. Recitative T common time
7 Wir wachen oder schlafen ein Gigas Chorale SATB Co 2Ob 2Vl Va G minor common time

Movements

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1

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In the opening chorale fantasia, "Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost" (Ah, dear Christians, be comforted),[1] Bach expresses two thoughts of the text, comfort and fear, by contrasting themes that appear simultaneously in the instruments: an assertive theme is derived from the melody and played by the two oboes and first violins, an "anxious" one in the second violins and the continuo. The soprano sings the melody as a cantus firmus, doubled by the horn,[8] while the lower voices are set partly in expressive imitation, partly in homophony.[3] They are treated differently to reflect the meaning of the text.[12] The Bach scholar Klaus Hofmann compares the movement to the opening of the cantata Jesu, der du meine Seele, BWV 78, written three weeks earlier: both "a sort of chaconne" in G minor, with a "French style" bass as "the expression of mourning and lamentation".[3]

2

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The first aria is set for tenor with a virtuoso flute, "Wo wird in diesem Jammertale" (Where, in this valley of suffering).[1] It contrasts again the anxious question "Wo wird ... vor meinen Geist die Zuflucht sein?" (Where ... is the refuge of my spirit?)[1] and the trusting "Allein zu Jesu Vaterhänden will ich mich in der Schwachheit wenden" (However, to Jesus' fatherly hands I will turn in my weakness),[1] The anxious question returns in the da capo form.[3]

3

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The first recitative, "O Sünder, trage mit Geduld" (O sinner, bear with patience),[1] begins secco, but expresses the contrasting words "erhebst" (exalt) and "erniedrig" (humbled) from the Gospel as an arioso.[12]

4

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The chorale stanza, "Kein Frucht das Weizenkörnlein bringt" (The grain of wheat bears no fruit),[1] is set for the soprano, accompanied only by the continuo.[5] In its "starkness of the unembellished chorale", it is the centerpiece of the cantata.[12]

5

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The alto aria, "Du machst, o Tod, mir nun nicht ferner bange" (You make me, o death, no longer fearful now),[1] is the only movement of the cantata in a major key. A shift to minor on the words "Es muß ja so einmal gestorben sein" (One day, indeed, one must die)[1] is even more striking.[12]

6

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A final recitative "Indes bedenke deine Seele" (Therefore, consider your soul) invites to turn body and soul to God.[1]

7

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The cantata ends with a four-part setting of the chorale melody, "Wir wachen oder schlafen ein" (Whether we wake or fall asleep),[1][13] expressing "confidence in God".[3]

\header { tagline = " " } \layout { indent = 0 \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" } } global = { \key g \minor \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \set Timing.beamExceptions = #'()} \score { \new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \new Voice = "soprano" { \voiceOne \relative c'' { \global \repeat volta 2 { \partial 4 bes4 | bes4 g8 a bes c d4 | c c bes\fermata bes | a g8 a bes4 c8 bes | a2 g4\fermata } c | d d a8 bes c4 | bes bes a\fermata bes | c g8 a bes4 a | g g f\fermata bes | a g8 a bes4 c8 bes | a2 g4\fermata \bar "|." } } \new Voice = "alto" { \voiceTwo \relative c'' { \global \partial 4 g4 | f ees d d | ees ees16 d ees8 d4 d | d8 c' bes a g4 g8 f | ees4 d8 c bes4 f' | f f c4. a'8 | a g16 fis g4 fis g | g8 f! ees4 d8 e f4 | f e c d | c8 d e fis! g4 g | g fis d } } >> \new Lyrics \lyricsto "soprano" { << { Wir wa -- chen _ o -- _ der schla -- fen ein, so sind wir _ doch des _ Her -- ren; } \new Lyrics { \set associatedVoice = "soprano" { auf Chri -- stum _ wir _ ge -- tau -- fet sein, der kann dem _ Sa -- tan _ weh -- ren. } } >> Durch A -- dam auf _ uns kömmt der Tod, Chri -- stus hilft _ uns aus al -- ler Not. Drum lo -- ben _ wir den _ Her -- ren. } \new Staff << \clef bass \new Voice = "tenor" { \voiceOne \relative c' { \global \partial 4 d4 | d8 c bes4 bes f | g a f g | fis8 ees'!d c bes a g4 | g fis g f | bes bes f' fis8 a, | bes c d4 d d | g, c bes c ~ | c8 g c bes a4 f8 g | a bes c4 d c8 d | ees a, d c b4 } } \new Voice = "bass" { \voiceTwo \relative c' { \global \partial 4 g4 | d ees8 f g a bes4 | ees, f bes, g | d' e8 fis g f ees d | c4 d g, a | bes8 c d ees f g a fis | g a bes c d4 g,8 f! | ees d c4 g a8 bes | c bes c4 f, d'8 e | f4 c g'8 f! ees! d | c4 d g } } >> >> \layout { } } \score { \unfoldRepeats { \new ChoirStaff << \new Staff \with { midiInstrument = "choir aahs" } << \new Voice = "soprano" { \voiceOne \relative c'' { \global \repeat volta 2 { \tempo 4=72 \partial 4 bes4 | bes4 g8 a bes c d4 | c c \tempo 4=32 bes8..\fermata r32 \tempo 4=72 bes4 | a g8 a bes4 c8 bes | a2 \tempo 4=32 g8..\fermata r32 } \tempo 4=72 c4 | d d a8 bes c4 | bes bes \tempo 4=32 a8..\fermata r32 \tempo 4=72 bes4 | c g8 a bes4 a | g g \tempo 4=32 f8..\fermata r32 \tempo 4=72 bes4 | a g8 a bes4 c8 bes | a2 \tempo 4=32 g4\fermata \bar "|." r4 } } \new Voice = "alto" { \voiceTwo \relative c'' { \global \repeat volta 2 { \partial 4 g4 | f ees d d | ees ees16 d ees8 d8.. r32 d4 | d8 c' bes a g4 g8 f | ees4 d8 c bes8.. r32 } f'4 | f f c4. a'8 | a g16 fis g4 fis8.. r32 g4 | g8 f! ees4 d8 e f4 | f e c8.. r32 d4 | c8 d e fis! g4 g | g fis d r4 } } >> \new Staff \with { midiInstrument = "choir aahs" } << \clef bass \new Voice = "tenor" { \voiceOne \relative c' { \global \repeat volta 2 { \partial 4 d4 | d8 c bes4 bes f | g a f8.. r32 g4 | fis8 ees'!d c bes a g4 | g fis g8.. r32 } f4 | bes bes f' fis8 a, | bes c d4 d8.. r32 d4 | g, c bes c ~ | c8 g c bes a8.. r32 f8 g | a bes c4 d c8 d | ees a, d c b4 r4 } } \new Voice = "bass" { \voiceTwo \relative c' { \global \repeat volta 2 { \partial 4 g4 | d ees8 f g a bes4 | ees, f bes,8.. r32 g4 | d' e8 fis g f ees d | c4 d g,8.. r32 } a4 | bes8 c d ees f g a fis | g a bes c d8.. r32 g,8 f! | ees d c4 g a8 bes | c bes c4 f,8.. r32 d'8 e | f4 c g'8 f! ees! d | c4 d g r4 } } >> >> } \midi { } }

Recordings

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The listing is taken from the Bach Cantatas Website.[14][15] Ensembles playing period instruments in historically informed performance are marked by green background.

Recordings of Ach, lieben Christen, seid getrost, BWV 114
Title Conductor / Choir / Orchestra Soloists Label Year Orch. type
Die Bach Kantate Vol. 52 Helmuth Rilling
Bach-Collegium Stuttgart
Hänssler 1974 (1974) / 1981 Chamber
J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk • Complete Cantatas • Les Cantates, Folge / Vol. 29 – BWV 43–46 Gustav Leonhardt
Knabenchor Hannover
Leonhardt-Consort
Telefunken 1980 (1980) Period
Bach Edition Vol. 5 – Cantatas Vol. 2 Pieter Jan Leusink
Holland Boys Choir
Netherlands Bach Collegium
Brilliant Classics 1999 (1999) Period
J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 12 Ton Koopman
Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir
Antoine Marchand 2000 (2000) Period
Bach Cantatas Vol. 9: Lund / Leipzig / For the 17th Sunday after Trinity / For the 18th Sunday after Trinity[8] John Eliot Gardiner
Monteverdi Choir
English Baroque Soloists
Soli Deo Gloria 2000 (2000) Period
J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 25 – Cantatas from Leipzig 1724 – BWV 78, 99, 114[3] Masaaki Suzuki
Bach Collegium Japan
BIS 2003 (2003) Period


References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Dellal 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Bach Digital 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Hofmann 2003.
  4. ^ Wolff 2000.
  5. ^ a b c d Dürr & Jones 2006.
  6. ^ Chorale text 2006.
  7. ^ Chorale melody 2006.
  8. ^ a b c Gardiner 2009.
  9. ^ Bach Digital 130.1 2024.
  10. ^ Bischof 2024.
  11. ^ Grob 2014.
  12. ^ a b c d Mincham 2020.
  13. ^ Dahn 2024.
  14. ^ Oron 2024.
  15. ^ Muziekweb 2024.

Cited sources

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