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Multiple timeline of Austria

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This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Austria, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines
The Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich) is a federal republic, divided into states, with the bicameral Parliament consisting out of an elected National Council elected in free multi-party elections and a Federal Council with representatives of each state, a popularly elected president and a government responsible to the parliament. Austria is member of the European Union.
Roman Empire
  • 16/9 BC: Present-day Austria, populated by various Celtic tribes, like Noricum, is conquered by the Roman Empire.
  • 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Western part of the Empire.
Huns
  • 440s: Most of the area is conquered by the Huns and their allies, the Alans, led by their king Attila.
Kingdom of the Ostrogoths
  • 454: The Huns are defeated at the Nedao and withdraw from the region. Part of Austria becomes part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of king Valamir.
Kingdom of the Rugii
Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of the Herules
  • 488: The Herules, allies of Odoacer, take control of Rugiland.
Kingdom of the Goths and the Romans
Kingdom of the Lombards
  • 510s: Large parts of Austria are conquered by the Lombards, a Germanic tribe, led by their king Wacho.
  • 568: King Alboinus, a.k.a. Alboin, leads the Lombards and allies in the migration and conquest of Italy.
Duchy of Bavaria
  • 568: The western part is conquered by Bavaria.
Avar Khaganate
  • 568: The eastern part is conquered by the Avars
Samo's Empire
  • 627: The eastern part is under control of Samo's Empire.
Avar Khaganate
  • 658: The Avars reconquer the eastern part.
Carantania
  • 658: Part of the south is ruled by Carantania.

Kingdom of the Franks
  • 788: The Franks complete the conquest of present-day Austria and annexes part of the Avar Khaganate and Carantania.
Empire of the Franks
  • 800: The Kingdom of the Franks becomes an empire.
Kingdom of the East Franks
  • 843: After the partition of the Frankish Empire, the region becomes part of East Francia, followed in 962 by the Holy Roman Empire[1]. Inside that realm it is mainly part of Bavaria.
March of Carinthia.
  • 876: The March of Carinthia is established inside East Francia with Arnulf as ruler. It includes part of present-day Slovenia.
  • 887: Arnulf becomes king of East-Francia.
Margraviate of Bavaria
  • 895: Part of present-day Austria is part of the Margraviate of Bavaria.
  • 899-955: Hungarian armies invade in the upcoming decades parts of East Francia, intervening in wars with the German king and German dukes.


  • 899-955: Hungarian armies invade in the upcoming decades parts of East Francia, intervening in wars with the German king and German dukes.
Duchy of Bavaria

Carantanian March
  • 970: The Carantanian march of Styria is separated from Carinthia. Markwart III of Eppenstein becomes margrave. Carantania includes also part of present-day Slovenia.
Margraviate of Austria. Duchy of Carinthia


March of Styria
  • 1076: Under margrave Ottokar the march is rendered as Styria.
County of Vinschau
  • 1128: Count Albert of Vinschau enlarges his area in South Tyrol towards present-day Tyrol.
County of Tyrol
  • 1100s: The personal union with Verona comes to an end.


  • 1156: Austria and Bavaria are separated.
Duchy of Austria
  • 1156: Austria and Bavaria are separated and Heinrich II becomes the first duke of Austria. This duchy gradually wins and loses territory.
  • 1189-1192: Austria takes part in the Third Crusade that fails to re-conquer Jerusalem, but in which the Kingdom of Cyprus is established.


Duchy of Styria
  • 1180: Margrave Ottokar IV is raised in rank to duke of Styria.
  • 1192: Duke Leopold V of Austria becomes as Leopold I duke of Styria.
  • 1194: Leopold V is succeeded in Styria by Leopold II.
  • 1194: Leopold V is succeeded in Austria by Friedrich.
Archbishopric of Salzburg
  • 1198: Leopold II of Styria inherits as Leopold VI Austria.
  • 1213-1221: Austria takes part in the Fifth Crusade that is defeated by the Arabs.
  • 1251: After some years of struggle over the Austrian heritage crown prince Otakar II of Bohemia becomes also duke of Austria.
  • 1253: Otakar II becomes also king of Bohemia.


  • 1269: Otakar II becomes also duke of Carinthia with Carniola.
  • 1276: Rudolf of Habsburg becomes margrave of Carniola and duke of Carinthia.
Austrian Hereditary Lands
  • 1278: King Otakar II is defeated on the Marchfeld by an alliance of Rudolf of Habsburg and king László IV of Hungary. Rudolf becomes also ruler of Austria and Styria. With him the Habsburg rule over what is rendered as the Austrian Hereditary Lands starts. Moravia is ruled by Rudolf.
  • 1286: Meinhard II is enfeoffed with and Carniola.



Duchy of Carinthia
  • 1286: Rudolf fully invests count Meinhard of Tyrol with Carinthia and Carniola.



  • 1335: Tyrol is separated from Carinthia and Carniola. Duke Albrecht II of Austria becomes also duke of Carinthia and Carniola.
  • 1363: Duke Rudolf IV of Austria becomes also count of Tyrol.
  • 1364: He becomes also duke of Carinthia and Carniola.
  • 1368: Austria acquires Freiburg and Breisgau.
  • 1379: After the death of duke Rudolf IV in 1365 a quarrel about his heritage starts. With the Treaty of Neuberg the heritage is divided. Albrecht III becomes duke of Austria. Leopold III becomes duke of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and Tyrol) as appanage.
  • 1382: Trieste is ceded to Austria and becomes one of the hereditary lands.
  • 1406: Friedrich IV becomes duke of Further Austria and count of Tyrol and Ernst becomes duke of Carinthia and Styria.
  • 1437/1438: Duke Albrecht IV becomes also king of Hungary and Croatia and of Bohemia as well as king of the Germans. His successor Ladislaus combines this titles, but his rule of Hungary-Croatia is disputed between 1438 and 1444.
  • 1440: Friedrich III of the House of Habsburg becomes King of the Germans, Holy Roman Emperor since 1452. From that moment on the Holy Roman Emperor is from the House of Habsburg, shortly interrupted from 1742 to 1745. This title is most of the time combined with ruler of Austria.
  • 1444: Duke Ladislaus of Austria is restored as king of Hungary and Croatia.
  • 1453: Ladislaus is raised in rank to archduke of Austria.
  • 1457: After the death of Ladislaus, Austria proper and Inner Austria are united under emperor Friedrich III.
  • 1458: Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia are separated from Austria.
  • 1478: A peasant's revolt in Carinthia is surpressed. The same year King Hunyadi Mátyás of Hungary commences a war with Austrian archduke Friedrich III.
  • 1480: Fiume is bought by archduke Friedrich III.
  • 1485: King Hunyadi Mátyás claims to be ruler of Austria and controls part of the region until 1490.
  • 1490: Maximilian, son of Friedrich III, becomes ruler of Further Austria and Tyrol. King Vladislav II of Bohemia as one of the claimants to the Hungarian throne after the death of Hunyadi Mátyás becomes also king of Hungary and margrave of Moravia. A war with the Maximilian, who claims the Hungarian throne, commences.
  • 1491: In the Peace of Pressburg Vladislav II of Bohemia renounces Lower Austria, conquered by Hunyadi Mátyás in Austria, and is recognized as king of Hungary.
  • 1493: Maximilian becomes also archduke of Austria uniting the Austrian lands. He had been by marriage duke of Burgundy between 1477 and 1482, where he was succeeded by his son Philipp I under his guardianship until 1494. With the Treaty of Senlis king Charles VII of France cedes the County of Burgundy and the County of Artois to Maximilian.
  • 1494: Maximilian I is in Tyrol raised in rank to princely count.
  • 1499: The Swabian War of the (Swiss) Confederacy with Habsburg (Tyrol) and the Swabian League (including Württemberg) ends with a Swiss victory, confirmed in the Treaty of Basel.
  • 1501: With the Treaty of Trente Austria recognises all French conquests in northern Italy with Milan.
  • 1511: The papal-Venetian alliance against France is joined in the Holy League by Aragon, the Holy Roman Empire with Austria, Switzerland and England.
  • 1513: After a dispute between pope Iulius II and Venice, Venice and France sign a treaty pledging to divide all of northern Italy between France and Venice.
  • 1515: A peasant revolt of Slovenes is suppressed.
  • 1516: France and Venice defeat at Marignano the papal and Swiss forces.
  • 1519: His grandson duke Karl of Burgundy (since 1506}, king Carlos of Spain (since 1516), becomes as Karl V Holy Roman Emperor and archduke of Austria.
  • 1521: Karl grants the Austrian lands to his younger brother Ferdinand I, whereby the personal union with Spain ends.
  • 1525: The Austrian and Spanish armies of Karl V defeat at Pavia France and capture king François.
Habsburg Monarchy
Electorate of Salzburg
  • 1803: Salzburg is secularized, Ferdinand becomes elector of Salzburg.
Empire of Austria
  • 1804: Franz II becomes emperor of Austria, being at the same time emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Kingdom of Bavaria
  • 1805: Tyrol becomes part of Bavaria.
  • 1805: Salzburg is annexed to Austria.
  • 1806: The Holy Roman Empire is dissolved as a consequence of the Treaty of Pressburg. Franz II abdicates as Holy Roman Emperor.
  • 1807: Austria crushes a rebellion in Syrmia.
  • 1808: Another rebellion is surpressed.
  • 1809: Salzburg is annexed to Bavaria. A rebellion in Tyrol against French occupation forces is crushed after two months with the execution of its main leader Andreas Hofer.
  • 1810: Part of South Tyrol falls to Italy.
  • 1814: A coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and a number of German states finally defeats France. In the Treaty of Fontainebleau Russia, Prussia and Austria accept Napoleon's abdication as Emperor of France, and allow him to remain emperor at Elba. Austrian rule in Tyrol and Salzburg is restored. Austria occupies Lucca and Piombino until 1815.
  • 1815: In the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, Austria, France, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom agree on the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the re-division of Europe. Its provisions include that Austria regains control of Tyrol and Salzburg, the Illyrian Provinces and Dalmatia, including Cattaro. Napoleon Bonaparte overthrows Louis XVIII and restores the empire. He is defeated at Waterloo by the allied forces and abdicates. Austria joins partially the German Confederation. Franz II becomes also king of Lombardy–Venetia, making it one of the constituent states of the Austrian Empire.
  • 1819: Hohengeroldseck is ceded to Baden.
  • {1846: A Polish uprising of nobles is defeated by an Austrian supported peasant uprising. Austria annexes Cracow.
  • 1848: As a result of the March revolutions, the Austrian part of the empire gets a parliament and a minister-president. After uprisings in the Austrian possessions in Italy, king Carlo Alberto of Sardinia, allied with Tuscany, the Two Sicilies and the Papal States, decides to exploit the apparently favorable moment and declares war on Austria. After initial victories, the Papal States and the Two Sicilies withdraw from the alliance. Venice secedes from Austria and is reincorporated in 1849. In a revolution Hungary tries to secede from Austria. It establishes a provisional parliament. National minorities inside Hungary as well as the Austrian government resist the revolution. In Cisleithania, the Austrian part of the monarchy, an Imperial Diet is elected. After a defeated revolution, Russia, the Ottoman Empire and Austria occupy Wallachia.
  • 1849: A separatist government is formed in Hungary. The revolution is defeated. The same year Sardinia surrenders after the defeat at Novara. The Imperial Diet is dissolved.
  • 1852: The function of minister-president is abolished.
  • 1856: The participation in the occupation of Wallachia ends.
  • 1859: Sardinia, support by France, defeats Austria-Hungary. Lombardy becomes part of Sardinia.
  • 1861: Austria gets a bicameral parliament, the Imperial Council with a indirectly elected House of Deputies and a House of Lords consisting out of clergy and nobility.
  • 1864: After king Christian IX of Denmark lost the Second Schleswig War, the Treaty of Vienna cedes Schleswig, Holstein and Saxe-Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria.
  • 1866: Austria and Prussia, both with their allies commence the Austro-Prussian War. Austria loses the war and with the Peace of Prague the German Confederation is dissolved. Schleswig and Holstein are annexed to Prussia.
Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy
  • 1867: Emperor Franz Joseph makes Austria a constitutional dual monarchy as the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy. The House of Deputies is elected for the Austrian part of the empire. The government is responsible to the parliament.
  • 1878: Austria-Hungary conquers Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • 1907: The House of Deputies is for the first time elected in multi-party elections on a universal male suffrage.
  • 1914: In Serajevo Gavrilo Princip assassinates archduke Franz Ferdinand. In reaction to the assassination Austria-Hungary declares war, World War I, on Serbia. Germany attacks France, Belgium and Luxembourg. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany. Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany. The Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers alliance of Austria-Hungary and Germany. Montenegro and Japan join the Allied Powers. World War I is a fact.
  • 1915: Bulgaria joins the Central Powers. Italy joins the allied powers.
  • 1916: Austria-Hungary occupies Montenegro.
  • 1917: The United States and Greece join the allied powers.
Republic of German-Austria
Republic of Austria
  • 1919: A constituent parliament is elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. German-Austria becomes a federal republic as Austria with a bicameral Parliament consisting out of an elected National Council elected in free multi-party elections and a Federal Council with representatives of each province. It withdraws its claims on parts of Bohemia and Moravia. Parliament elects a president and the government is responsible to the parliament. The government is headed by the chancelor.
  • 1920: Austria joins the League of Nations.
  • 1921: After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, a region east of the Leitha, part of Hungary since the 900s is fixed to become part of Austria. Hungarians in the region refuse to accept cession of the Leitha Banat to Austria and establish the unrecognized Leitha Banat. The same year the Leitha Banat, without the city of Sopron, is incorporated as Burgenland into Austria. Sopron becomes part of Hungary.
  • 1933: Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss suspends parliament and becomes dictator of Austri.
Federal State of Austria
  • 1934: Dollfuss suppresses the social democrats and makes Austria a clerico-fascist corporative republic.
German Empire
  • 1938: Under German pressure Austria becomes a national-socialist dictatorship that joins Nazi Germany within two days.
  • 1939: Austria gets involved in World War II as part of Nazi-Germany.
Republic of Austria

  1. ^ The Holy Roman Empire consists out of entities with own rulers subject to the emperor. Under French pressure the Holy Roman Empire is abolished in 1806.
  2. ^ In 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, the European Community is dissolved into the European Union, becoming an overall legal unit.