User:Electionworld/sandbox/Spain

Multiple timeline of Spain

This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Spain, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Timeline of Spain

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Spain

Andalusia - Aragon - Balearic Islands - Catalonia - Extremadura - Murcia - Valencia - Other regions in main section

The Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España) is a more or les federal monarchy, divided into autonomous communities, with a hereditary king, a bicameral parliament, the General Cortes, with the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, both elected in free multi-party elections, and a government responsible to the parliament. Spain is member of the European Union. Outside Europe the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are integral part of Spain.

This timeline of Spain includes the timeline of central, northern and western Spain. The sub-sections give an outline of the history of Andalusia, Extremadura and Murcia (until 1492), Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia (until 1516/1813) and the Balearic Islands (until 1802}. 1st millennium BC: Proto-Celts migrate into present-day Spain. 11th century BC: The first contacts with Phoenicians take place along the Mediterranean coast. 1104 BC: Phoenicians found the first walled city Gadir (modern Cádiz). c. 1000 BC: The existence of Tartessos as first Iberian state is mentioned in writing sources as a centralized Monarchy under Phoenician influence. 6th century BC: Greeks found colonies at the Mediterranean coast. Carthago starts to take over Phoenician dominions. Carthaginian Empire 265 BC: The Carthaginian Empiree possesses part and eastern coast of present-day Spain. The Iberian peninsula is populated by Iberian, Basque and Celtic tribes. 226 BC: The Ebro Treaty establishes the Ebro River in Iberia as the boundary line between Rome and Carthage. 218 BC: The Carthaginian Empire conquers large parts of the Iberian peninsula Roman Republic 226 BC: The Ebro Treaty establishes the Ebro River in Iberia as the boundary line between Rome and Carthage. 206 BC: The Roman Empire defeats the Carthaginian Empire and starts the conquest of the Iberian coast. 197 BC: The Roman Empire establishes the provinces of Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. 174 BC: After a Celtiberian revolt Rome subdues the Celtiberians. 133 BC: With the conquest of Numantia, the Celtiberians are finally overcome. The Roman Empire gradually conquers the rest of the Iberian peninsula. 74/19 BC: The Roman Empire conquers the North-Western part of the Iberian peninsula. Roman Empire 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor. The provincies in Hispania are reorganized into Hispania Tarraconensis in the north, Hispania Lusitania in the west and Hispania Baetica in the south. Gallic Empire 260: Hispania is part of the seccessionist Gallic Empire. Roman Empire 270: The Gallic Empire is limited to Gaul and Germania, restoring Roman rule in Hispania. 395: After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire and the (Western) Roman Empire. The Iberian peninsula becomes part of the Western part of the Empire. The Visigoths led by king Alareiks establish the Visigothic Kingdom in South-East Europe. The Visigoths move westwards in the direction of Italy and Gaul. 409: Germanic tribes, the Suebes and Vandals, together with the Sarmatian Alans are driven into Hispania by the Visigoths from Gaul into the Iberian Peninsula. Kingdom of the Hasdingi 410: Gunderic becomes king of the Vandal Hasdingi. Visigothic Kingdom 417: King Wallia of the Visigoths settles as Roman ally in Gaul and establishes his court in Toulouse. Kingdom of Galicia 410: Hermeric becomes king of Suebic Galicia. Kingdom of the Vandals and the Alanes 419: The Suebes defeat the Hasdingi and the Vandals migrate to the south of the Iberian peninsula, where king Gunderic becomes king of the Vandals and the Alans. 418: King Wallia invades Hispania, including Southern and Eastern Hispania, and defeats together with the Suebes the Alans and part of the Vandals, who migrate to the south of the Iberian peninsula, where king Gunderic becomes king of the Vandals and the Alans. 419: The Suebes defeat together with the Visigoths the Hasdingi and the Vandals. 428: King Genseric is defeated by the Visigoths. The Vandals and Alans migrate to Northern Africa, where he establishes the Kingdom of the Vandals and the Alanes. It conquers the Balearic Islands. 457-469: Galicia is in civil war, with various kings claiming the throne. 507: The Visigoths lose their capital Toulouse to the Franks. Their kingdom in Hispania remains intact. 511: King Theodericus of the Ostrogoths becomes regent of the Visigoths. He governs Visigothia through his vice-regent Theudis. 526: Theodoricus is succeeded as king of the Visigoths by his grandson Amalareiks. 531: After his assassination he is succeeded by former vice-regent Theudis. 552: The Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire conquers the southern Mediterranean coast and establishes the province of Spania. 585: King Liubagilds of the Visigoths defeats king Audeca of Galicia and annexes Galicia. 603: Witteric overthrows king Liuva II. 624: The Visigothic Kingdom conquers the renmants of Spania. 631: Sisinanþs overthrows king Swinthila. 642: King Tulga is overthrown by Chindasuinth. 680: King Wamba is said to be poisoned and is was forced to step down as king upon his recovery. He is succeeded by king Erwig, who is considered a complete puppet of the bishops and nobility. 693: A rebellion by Suniefred against king Egica is surpredded. Arab Caliphate 711/716: The Visigothic Kingdom with as last king Roderic is destroyed by the Umayyad Arab Caliphate under Tariq ibn Ziyad that conquers most of the Iberian peninsula, including present-day Southern, Central and Eastern Spain, as well as Portugal. In the north the Franks resist and establish in 795 the Marca Hispanica. 732: Carolus Martellus, mayor of the Franks, halts the Arab advance. 750: The Ummayads are overthrown by the Abbasids, but keep ruling Hispania. Kingdom of Asturias 718: Pelayo who resists the Umayyad rule, establishes and becomes the first king of Asturias. Emirate of Córdoba 756: The Ummayads establish the Emirate of Córdoba. Kingdom of the Franks 795: In the north the Ummayads are defeated by the Franks, that establishes the Marca Hispanica, a set of Frankish counties. 814: Al-Hakam I crushed a rebellion of Iberian Muslims led by clerics. Kingdom of Pamplona 824: Íñigo Arista secedes from Francia and becomes king of Pamplona. 884: Umar ibn Hafsun led anti-Umayyad dynasty forces in southern Spain. 850: Asturias is under king Ordoño I also known as Kingdom of León. 868: Vímara Peres conquers the region north of the Douro river and becomes count of Portugal as a fief of Asturias . 910: After the death of king Alfonso III Asturias is partitioned. Kingdom of León 910: García I becomes king of León. Kingdom of Asturias 910: Fruela II becomes king of Asturias. 914: Ordoño II becomes also king of of León. Kingdom of Galicia 910: Ordoño II becomes king of Galicia. 924: King Fruela II of Asturias becomes also king of León. 924: King Fruela II of Asturias becomes also king of Galicia. ca. 925: After the death of count Galindo Aznárez II of Aragon king Garcia Sánchez of Pamplona becomes count of Aragon, marking the end of Aragon. 925: Alfonso IV becomes king of León, including Asturias. 925: Alfonso Fróilaz becomes king of Galicia. Caliphate of Córdoba 929: Abd-ar-Rahman III becomes caliph of Córdoba. County of Castile 931: Fernán González becomes count of Castile inside León. 929: King Alfonso IV becomes also king of Galicia. 970: King Gartzea Santxez creates as an appanage for his son Ramiro Gartzia the Kingdom of Viguera. 982: In Galicia Bermudo II becomes a rival king. 985: Bermudo II becomes king of León, reuniting Galicia with Leon. 1005: Viguera is inherited by king Antso III. 1000s: The Couto Misto secedes. 1009/1031: The Caliphate of Cordoba falls apart in various Taifas in present-day Spain and Portugal. Kingdom of Navarre 1035: Navarre is partitioned. Antso VI becomes king of Navarre and Ramiro I becomes king of Aragon. Taifa of Toledo 1032: Under Isma'il al-Zahir Toledo becomes independent. Kingdom of Castile 1037: Count Fernando I of Castile, becomes king of León and Galicia and of Castile. 1037: Count Fernando I of Castile, becomes king of León and Galicia and of Castile. 1055: Badajoz becomes a tributary of León. 1037: Count Fernando I of Castile, becomes king of León and Galicia and of Castile. 1065: Valencia falls to Toledo. 1065: Sancho II becomes king of Castile. 1065: Alfonso VI becomes king of León. 1065: García II becomes king of Galicia. 1071: After Nuno Mendes tries to become king of Portual, he is overthrown by king García II. Portugal is dissolved. The same year García II is overthrown and Galicia is ruled by Sancho II and Alfonso VI. 1072: King Sancho II defeats Alfonso VI and becomes also king of León. The same year he is assassinated. Alfonso VI becomes king of the three kingdoms. 1072: King Sancho II defeats Alfonso VI and becomes also king of León. The same year he is assassinated. Alfonso VI becomes king of the three kingdoms. 1072: King Sancho II defeats Alfonso VI and becomes also king of León. The same year he is assassinated. Alfonso VI becomes king of the three kingdoms. 1076: King Sancho Ramírez of Aragon becomes king of Navarre. Part of Navarre is annexed to Castile. 1075: Valencia becomes independent. 1076: Part of Navarre is annexed to Castile. 1085: King Alfonso VI conquers the Taifa of Toledo and estabishes as fourth kingdom the Kingdom of Toledo. 1096: Henrique of Burgundy marries with Teresa, daughter of Alfonso VI and together they become counts of Portugal as a fief of Castian Galicia. 1099: Valencia is conquered by Castille. 1100: Castile loses Valencia to the Moroccan Empire. 1096: Henrique of Burgundy marries with Teresa, daughter of Alfonso VI and together they become counts of Portugal as a fief of Galicia and León. 1134: The personal union between Navarre and Aragon ends. Gartzea IV becomes king of Navarre. 1139: Count Afonso secedes Portugal from Galicia and León and becomes its first de jure king. 1143: King Alfonso VII recognizes Portuguese independence. 1147-1149: Castile takes part in the Second Crusade in which parts of Iberia are conquered. 1147-1149: León takes part in the Second Crusade in which parts of Iberia are conquered. 1157: After the death of Alfonso VIII, Sancho III becomes king of Castile and Toledo. 1157: After the death of Alfonso VIII, Fernando II becomes king of León and Galicia. 1157: After the death of Alfonso VIII, Fernando II becomes king of León and Galicia. 1158: The state of war between Sancho III and Fernando II is ended at the Treaty of Sahagún. 1158: The state of war between Sancho III and Fernando II is ended at the Treaty of Sahagún. 1158: The state of war between Sancho III and Fernando II is ended at the Treaty of Sahagún. 1179: In the Treaty of Cazorla king Alfons II of Aragon and king Alfonso VIII of Castile define the zones of conquest in Andalusia. 1226: Castile conquers Baeza Crown of Castile 1230: King Fernando III of Castile becomes king of León and Galicia and unites his kingdoms into the Crown of Castile. Castile gets an estates assembly as advisory body to the king. Castile Badajoz. 1236: Castile conquers Cordoba. 1238: Granada becomes a vassal of Castile. 1244: Castile conquers Arjona. 1248: Castile conquers Seville. 1256: King Alfonso X claims the kingship of the Germans. 1262: Castile conquers Niebla. 1265: Castille conquers Lorca. 1266: Castille conquers Murcia. 1267: King Alfonso X agrees in the Treaty of Badajoz with king Afonso III of Portugal on the boundary between their countries. 1270: Navarre takes part in the Eighth Crusade, defeated near Tunis by the Arabs. 1284: Crown prince and since 1285 king Philippe IV of France becomes by marriage with queen Jeanne also king of Navarre. 1305: After the death of the queen Jeanne, her son Louis becomes king Louis I of Navarre. 1305: With the Treaty of Elche king Fernando IV of Castile agrees with king Jaume of Aragon about the borders between the kingdoms in Murcia. 1314: Louis becomes also king Louis X of France. 1328: After the death of king Charles I his heritage is divided. Charles' daughter Jeanne becomes queen Joana II of Navarre, separate from France. 1356: King Pere IV of Aragon and king Pedro of Castile commence the War of the Two Peters. 1369: Enrique II dethrones and kills Pedro in the Castilian Civil War and brings the House of Trastámara to the throne. King Fernando of Portugal disputes the Castillian throne and both pretenders commence the Fernandine Wars. 1373: With the Treaty of Santarem the war between Castile and Portugal ends. Enrique remains king of Castile. 1375: The war between Aragon and Castile ends with the peace of Almazán, leaving no clear victor. 1382: The Third Fernandine War between Fernando and Enrique's successor Juan ends after a victory with the Treaty of Salvaterra. Fernando recognizes Juan as king of Castile. 1383: King Juan of Castile marries with the daughter of King Fernando, princess Beatriz. This means that he becomes heir of the Portuguese throne after the death of Fernando the same year. The Portuguese nobility resist Juan becoming king of Portugal. 1385: The Castillian army is not only defeated at Aljubarrot, but also annihilated. João is recognized as king of Portugal. 1402: Castile conquers Lanzarote. 1405: Castile completes the conquest of Fuertaventura. 1435: An uprising in Galicia that started in 1431, is suppressed. 1441: Viscount Gaston XI of Béarn, count of Foix, marries with queen Leanor. 1451–1455: The Navarrese Civil War between king Joannes II and his son and heir Karlos leads to the defeat of Karlos. 1448: Portugal claims the Canary Islands. 1462: Castile conquers Gibraltar, part of Granada. 1470: Another uprising in Galicia that started in 1467, is defeated. 1474: After the death of king Enrique IV , Isabel I becomes queen of Castile. Her husband Fernando II of Aragon becomes jure uxoris as Fernando V king of Castile. 1475: The War of the Castilian Succession commences between his daughter Juana, married to king Afonso of Portugal, and his half-sister, Isabel. Portugal and France intervene in favour of Juana and Aragon in favour of Isabel. 1479: After her death, her grandson François Fébus becomes king of Navarre, count of Foix and viscount of Béarn. 1479: The War of the Castilian Succession ends with the Treaty of Alcáçovas, confirming Isabel as queen of Castile. By treaty the Canary Islands are awarded to Castile. Fernando II becomes king of Aragon, creating a personal union between Aragon and Castile. 1487: Gran Canaria is conquered by Castile 1491: The Treaty of Granada between sultan Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad of Granada and queen Isabel with king Ferrando relinquishes the sovereignty of Granada to Castile. 1492: Sultan Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad is defeated and Granada is annexed to Castile as the constituent Kingdom of Granada. 1493: La Palma is conquered by Castile. 1494: Castile and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves, which after a pope's ruling will lead to the division of South America between them, as well as the formation of the Spanish Philippines and Portuguese colonies in India and Africa. Castile and Aragon start colonizing the coast of the Americas, Africa and Asia. 1496: With the conquest of Tenerife the Canary Islands are completely incorporated into Castile. 1497: Castile conquers Melilla from Morocco. 1501: A rebellion by the Muslim population of Granada in response to forced conversion of the Muslim population to the Catholic faith, starting in 1499, is defeated. 1504: After the death of Isabella, her daughter Juana becomes queen of Castile (in confinement). Duke Philipp IV of Burgundy of the House of Habsburg becomes by marriage king Felipe of Castile. 1506: Philipp I of the House of Habsburg succeeds in getting also de facto power in Castille. He dies the same year and is succeeded by Juana who remains queen of Castile. Fernando rules Castile together with Juana. 1512: The southern part and historical core of Navarre is invaded by Castile and Aragon. Kingdom of Spain 1516: After the death of Fernando, the son of Philipp and Juana, duke Karl of Burgundy, becomes as Carlos king of Castile and Aragon, together also named Spain. The Crowns of Castile and Aragon remain constituent crowns of Spain until 1716. King Carlos I of Spain becomes also king of Sicily, Naples and Sardinia. 1519: Carlos becomes as Karl V Holy Roman Emperor and archduke of Austria. 1521: Carlos grants the Austrian lands to his younger brother Ferdinand I, whereby the personal union with Spain ends. He remains Holy Roman Emperor until 1556. 1522: Castile annexes the southern part of Navarre. The northern half continues as Navarre. Carlos conquers Milan and returns it to duke Francesco II Sforza. 1523: A uprising in central Castile is defeated. A republican uprising in Valencia is suppressed. 1525: The Spanish and Austrian forces of Carlos defeat at Pavia France and capture king François. 1526: With the Treaty of Madrid king François surrenders his claims to Italy, Flanders, and Burgundy in order to be released from prison. The same year pope Clemens VII, alarmed at the growing power of the emperor, forms the League of Cognac together with France, England, Venice, Florence and Milan. Spain puts a garrison in Siena. 1529: The Treaty of Zaragoza attributes the Moluccas to Portugal and Philippines to Spain. With the conclusion of the Treaty of Cambrai, the League collapsed and Karl V wins the war in Italy. Spanish dominance in Italy commences. 1536: After the death of duke Francesco II Sforza of Milan, king François of France claims Milan. He conquers Savoy. 1538: The Truce of Nice ends the war between François and Carlos over Northern Italy. Savoy with Piedmont are acquired by France. 1540: Carlos becomes duke of Milan. 1542-1546: King François of France recommences the war, but fails to conquer Milan. Despite huge losses, the status quo ante bellum is restored. 1544: The French army defeats at Ceresole an Spanish-Austrian army, but France fails in winning the war, that ends in 1546 inconclusive. 1552: King Henri II of France declares war on emperor Karl V with the intent of recapturing Italy. The Sienese expel the Spanish garnison. A war with Siena commences. 1554: Crown prince Felipe II of Spain becomes king jure uxoris of [[user:electionworld/sandbox/United Kingdom#1554|England] by marriage with queen Mary of England. 1555: Siena surrenders to Spain. Spain cedes Siena to Florence, but keeps Porto Ercole and surroundings as the State of Presidi, governed from Naples. 1556: Carlos abdicates and Felipe II becomes king of Spain and brings the Southern Netherlands and Northern Netherlands under Spanish rule. 1558: After the death of Mary, Felipe II loses the English throne. 1559: With the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis, the Italian Wars conclude. France renounces its claim in Italy. Spain becomes dominant in Italy. 1566: With resistance by protestants against the catholic Spanish rule starts the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the rebels in the →Netherlands. 1568: Moriscos in Granada commence a rebellion. 1571: The Morisco rebellion is defeated. 1580: King-cardinal Henrique of Portugal dies. Felipe II claims the throne and becomes by force king Filipe I of Portugal, which is in the War of the Portuguese Succession disputed by António. Portugal remains a separate kingdom. 1581: The Northern Netherlands secede from the Spanish Netherlands. 1585: England supports with a military expedition the rebels in the Netherlands. It leads to a war between England and Spain. 1594: A rebellion starts in Ireland, supported by Spanish troops against English rule in Ireland. 1601: England defeats at Kinsale Irish and Spanish forces in Ireland, driving the Gaelic aristocracy out of Ireland and destroying the Gaelic clan system. 1602: The March of Finale is bought by king Felipe III. 1604: The Treaty of London ends the hostilities between England and Spain. 1605: Spain occupies Monaco. 1614: The Spanish occupation of Monaco ends. 1618: Spain is allied with emperor Ferdinand II in his Thirty Years' War with the protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire. 1625: France conquers from Spain Saint-Domingue. 1628-1631: Spain is as supporter of Ferrante II Gonzaga, duke of Guastalla, in its claim of Mantua, involved until 1631 in the War of the Mantuan Succession. 1640: After a plot, João de Bragança is acclaimed king João IV of Portugal. This leads to the Portuguese Restoration War between king Felipe IV of Spain and João IV, leading to the confirmation of the kingship of João IV of Portugal. The Portuguese city of Ceuta in Morocco sides with Spain. It is officially ceded to Spain in 1668 by the Treaty of Lisbon. 1641: Pau Claris i Casademunt proclaims the Catalan Republic. The Catalans defeat at Montjuïc. Shortly after, the local clergy and aristocracy half-heartedly accepts king Louis XIII of France as prince Lluís of Catalonia. 1642: Roussillon is conquered by France. 1647: The Neapolitan Republic secedes. 1648: The rule of king Felipe IV is restored in Naples. The Peace of Westphalia ends the Eighty Years' War and marks the ends of Spain as a major European power. The Dutch independence is recognized. 1652: Spain captures Barcelona and overthrow prince Lluís. Catalonia is reincorporated into Spain. 1655: England conquers from Spain Jamaica. 1659: The Treaty of the Pyrenees ends the war between France and Spain with the French annexation of Southern Flanders and Roussillon. 1668: With the Treaty of Lisbon king Carlos II of Spain recognizes the sovereignty of Afonso IV's over Portugal and its colonies. The Treaty of Aachen ends the War of Devolution between France and Spain over the Spanish Netherlands and outlines the boundaries between France and the Spanish Netherlands. 1672: Brandenburg, the Habsburg Empire and Spain join as allies the Netherlands in the Franco-Dutch War. 1678: The Treaties of Nijmegen end after a French victory the war between France and the Netherlands and its allies. France wins territories in the Spanish Netherlands. 1683: France commences the War of the Reunions and invades the Spanish Netherlands, conquering part of it. The Ottoman Empire attacks the Habsburg Empire and almost captures Vienna. In reaction Spain joins an alliance to fight in the Great Turkish War the Ottoman Empire and its vassal states, that defeats the [Ottoman Empire at the second siege of Vienna. 1684: The Truce of Ratisbon ends the war between France and Spain 1688: After king Louis XIV of France crosses the Rhine an grand alliance of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Spain, England and Savoy gets into the [[War of the Grand Alliance with France. 1689: An uprising in Catalonia, prompted in 1687 by the quartering & upkeep of Spanish soldiers, and intensified by French agents, is suppressed. 1693: An uprising Valencia, prompted by feudal taxation, is defeated. 1697: The Treaty of Rijswijk ends the War of the Grand Alliance between France and the grand alliance. 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the Great Turkish War. 1701: After the death of king Carlos II his succession is disputed between Philippe of Anjou and Leopold of Habsburg. In the following War of the Spanish Succession, Philippe is supported by France. Leopold is supported by the Holy Roman Empire (including Austria, Prussia, Brunswick-Lüneburg and Bavaria (until 1704), England with Scotland, the Dutch Republic, Savoy and Portugal. 1704: England conquers Gibraltar in South Spain. 1708: Minorca becomes a British possession. 1713: The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession. Philippe becomes as Felipe V king of Spain, but has to any claim to the throne of France. Spain loses Sicily to Savoye and Sardinia, Naples, Milan as well as the Spanish Netherlands to Habsburg Monarchy. Gibraltar and Minorca fall to Great Britain. Finale is ceded to |Genoa. 1716: Aragon and Castile unite de jure as Kingdom of Spain. The constituent kingdoms are abolished. 1718: King Felipe V of Spain claims as grandson of Louis XIV the French throne. This leads to the War of the Quadruple Alliance with an alliance of France, Austria and the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, England and Savoy. 1720: The war ends with victory of the alliance, confirmed with the Treaty of The Hague, in which Felipe V renounces the French throne. 1727: Spain and Great Britain commence a war over Gibraltar and possessions in South America. 1729: With the Treaty of Seville (1729) Great Britain maintains control over Port Mahon at Minorca and Gibraltar. 1733: After the death of Friedrich August of Poland, Spain supports Stanisław Leszczyński in his succesful War of the Polish Succession against Friedrich August II of Saxony to become king of Poland. 1735: Spain defeats emperor Karl VI, ruler of Austria, and conquers Naples and Sicily. The Spanish prince Carlos, duke of Parma and Piacenza, of the Bourbon family becomes king of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in a dynastic union with Spain. 1740: Spain disputes in the War of the Austrian Succession the succession of Maria Theresia as archduchess of Austria and her husband Franz Stefan as Holy Roman Emperor. 1748: The Treaty of Aachen ends the War of the Austrian Succession. Austria renounces Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla to Spain. 1756: Austria's desire to recover Silesia from Prussia leads France and Austria to put aside their rivalry. A Seven Years' War involving most European great power and affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India and the Philippines commences between two coalitions, led by the Great Britain (incl. Prussia, Portugal, Brunswick-Lüneburg and other small German states) on one side and led by France (incl. Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Spain and Sweden on the other. 1763: The war ends with a Status quo ante bellum in Europe and a transfer of colonial possessions between Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal. France cedes possessions east of the Mississippi and Canada as well as in India to Great Britain and cedes Louisiana west of the Mississippi to Spain. Spain cedes Florida to Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris confirms the British-Portuguese victory over France and Spain. 1782: Minorca returns to Spain. 1796: Spain allies itself in the Treaty of Ildefonso allies itself with France and declares as part of the War of the First Coalition war on Great Britain. 1798: British rule over Minorca is restored after an invasion. 1802: Spain cedes Louisiana to France. The United Kingdom cedes Minorca to Spain. 1804: Spain gets a revolutionary provisional parliament assembling in Cádiz with representatives of the provinces and members elected in Cádiz to substitute for the provinces that cannot send representatives. 1807: A joint French-Spanish army invades and conquers Portugal. 1808: A mutiny at Aranjuez leads to the abdication of king Carlos IV. He is succeeded by Fernando VII. France turns on Spain, previously its ally. It invades Spain and installs a French client government. Joseph Bonaparte, brother of emperor Napoléon]] becomes king José of Spain. This leads to the Peninsular War between Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the newly installed government of Spain and France. An uprising in Madrid is suppressed by French troops. France defeats at Évora a Spanish-Portuguese army. 1810: Chile becomes independent. 1811: Paraguay becomes independent. 1812: The parliament in refuge in Cádiz approves a liberal constitution that provides in a parliament elected on a indirect universal male suffrage and a government responsible to the parliament. Catalonia is annexed to France. 1813: Spanish rule in Catalonia is restored. 1814: France is finally defeated in the War of the Sixth Coalition. Napoleon goes into exile on Elba. France loses the annexed territories. Spain restores its independence, king José is succeeded by Fernando VII. Fernando VII refuses to accept the constitution and installs with Francisco Javier de Elío an absolutist rule. 1814-1818: Chile is occupied by Spain. 1815: A liberal pronunciamiento fails. 1816: Rio de la Plata becomes independent. 1819: After several secession attempts in Venezuela and New Granada, Gran Colombia becomes independent. 1820: Rafael del Riego succeeds in overthrowing the absolutist government. The constitution of 1812 is restored. 1821: Mexico, Peru and the Dominican Republic become independent. 1822: An attempt to restore the absolute monarchy fails. 1823: King Louis XVIII of France mobilizes an army to help to help the Spanish royalists to restore king Fernando VII to the absolute power of which he had been deprived. In the upcoming decades many attempts to overthrow governments take place. 1825: Bolivia becomes independent. 1833: After the death of Fernando VII the First Carlist War commences between the forces behind regent Maria Cristina for his daughter Isabella II and the forces behind his brother Carlos, the carlists. 1834: The constitution of 1812 is restored with a limited suffrage. 1836: Regentess Maria Cristina restores the 1812 constitution. 1839: The carlists are defeated at Ramales and the war ends with the Convention of Vergara. 1840: General Baldomero Espartero overthrows Maria Cristina and becomes regent himself. 1843: Baldomere Espartero is overthrown and Isabella II is declared an adult and starts reigning herself. 1849: A carlist uprising is defeated. 1854: General Leopoldo O'Donnell stages a revolutionary coup in Madrid. 1856: O'Donnell stages another coup and brings himself to power. 1859: Spain declares war on Morocco. 1860: With the Treaty of Wad-Ras Morocco recognizes Ceuta, Melilla and Sidi Ifni as part of Spain. 1861-1865: Spain occupies the Dominican Republic. 1868: The Glorious Revolution in Spain deposes Queen Isabella II. Cuban separatists commence a Ten Years' War against Spain. Couto Misto, occupied since 1864, is divided between Portugal and Spain. 1869: Spain becomes a constitutional monarchy in which the parliament is elected on a universal male suffrage. 1870: Isabella abdicates and the Italian prince Amadeo is elected king. 1872: Carlos VII of Bourbon-Parma starts the Third Carlist War as pretender to the throne. Spanish Republic 1873: King Amadeo abdicates and the parliament proclaimes the republic. Spain gets a constitution that provides in a unicameral parliament elected on a universal male suffrage and a government responsible to the parliament. 1874: A revolutionary uprising is defeated. Kingdom of Spain. 1874: The republic is overthrown the republic and Alfonso XII becomes king. 1876: The new constitution provides for a bicameral parliament elected in multi-party elections on a limited suffrage. The government is responsible to the parliament. The Carlists are defeated. 1878: The Cuban separatists surrender. 1879: Separatists in Cuba recommence their liberation war, but are defeated in 1880. 1890: The parliament is elected on a universal male suffrage. 1895: Máximo Gómez leads the Cuban army in the third Cuban War of Independence. 1898: The United States of America intervene in the Cuban war and commence a Spanish–American War. 1899: After an American victory Spain relinquishes sovereignty over Cuba, making it an U.S. protectorate to become independent, and cedes Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to the United States. Spain sells its remaining Pacific islands to Germany. 1920: Spain is a founding member of the League of Nations. 1923: Miguel Primo de Rivera installs a dictatorship in Spain without overthrowing king Alfonso XIII. The parliament is abolished. 1927: Spain gets a parliament with appointed members. 1930: Primo de Rivera resigns and is succeeded by Dámaso Berenguer. Spanish Republic 1931: The dictatorship is overthrown. After elections, king Alfonso XIII abdicates and Spain becomes a republic. A provisional government is formed. The Galician Republic secedes unilaterally from Spain and is reincorporated the same day. A constituent assembly is elected in free multi-party elections on a universal male suffrage. The new constitution stipulates a parliament elected in multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The government is responsible to the parliament. 1933: An anarchist uprising is suppressed easily. 1934: An uprising, mainly in Asturias, commences and is suppressed. 1936: In rebellion against the republic government nationalist forces start the Spanish Civil War. The nationalists proclaim the Spanish State. The war involves large numbers of non-Spanish citizens who participate in combat and advisory positions. Nazi Germany and fascist Italy intervene in the war to support the nationalists. During the war from time to time the left is divided between moderate republicans, anarchists and various communist factions who fight each other. 1937: The Sovereign Council of Asturias and León, established in 1936, secedes unilaterally and unrecognized from Spain and is the same year defeated by the nationalist side in the Spanish civil war. Spanish State 1939: The nationalists defeat the republicans. Spain has the Chief of the Spanish State, Francisco Franco, as head of state. Parliament is abolished. Spain is governed in a one-party system in which opponents are persecuted. Spain withdraws from the League of Nations. Republican guerilla resistance remains active until 1965. 1940-1945: Spain remains neutral during World War II. 1942: Spain gets a corporative assembly. 1955: Spain joins the United Nations. 1956: Spain ends it protectorate over Morocco. 1958: Spain cedes Cape Juby to Morocco. 1959: The Basque Country and Freedom (ETA) is founded as a separatist movement of the Basque Country. 1968: ETA enacts its first in a long row of attacks on government officials. Spainish Guinea becomes independent as Equatorial Guinea. 1969: Spain cedes Ifni to Morocco. Kingdom of Spain 1975: Francisco Franco dies. Juan Carlos becomes king of Spain. He starts the transition to democracy. Spain relinquishes the administrative control of Spanish Sahara to a joint administration by Morocco and Mauretania. 1977: Spain joins the Council of Europe. 1978: An coup is aborted. The transition to a constitutional democratic monarchy is completed with the adoption of the new constitution in a referendum. Spain gets a bicameral parliament elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The government is responsible to the parliament. 1981:A group led by Tejero breaks into the parliament. King Juan Carlos denounces the coup and it collapses. 1982: Spain joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1986: Spain joins the European Communities, predecessors of the European Union. 2011: ETA declares a permanent ceasefire and stops its military actions.

Timeline of Andalusia, Extremadura and Murcia Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Spain Andalusia - Aragon - Balearic Islands - Catalonia - Extremadura - Murcia - Valencia - Other regions in main section

Visigothic Kingdom until 552: The southern part of Hispania is ruled by the Visigothic Kingdom. Roman Empire 552: The Roman Empire conquers the southern Mediterranean coast and establishes the province of Spania. 624: The Visigothic Kingdom conquers the renmants of Spania. Arab Caliphate 711/716: The Visigothic Kingdom with as last king Roderic is destroyed by the Umayyad Arab Caliphate under Tariq ibn Ziyad that conquers most of the Iberian peninsula, including present-day Southern, Central and Eastern Spain, as well as Portugal. 750: The Ummayads are overthrown by the Abbasids, but keep ruling Hispania. Emirate of Córdoba 756: The Ummayads, orginally ruling the Arab Caliphate, are overthrown in 748. The Ummayad Abd al-Rahman becomes emir of Cordoba. 804: Emir Al-Hakam Ibn Hisham Ibn Abd-ar-Rahman crushes a rebellion to dethrone him. 814: He suppresses a rebellion led by clerics in a suburb. 884: `Umar ibn Hafsun ibn Ja'far ibn Salim leads anti-Umayyad dynasty forces in southern Spain. 891: He is defeated by emir 'Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. 902: The Balearic Islands are conquered by Córdoba. Caliphate of Córdoba 929: Emir ′Abd ar-Rahmān ibn Muhammad takes the title of Caliph or ruler of the Islamic world. 978: Abu Aamir Muhammad bin Abdullah ibn Abi Aamir, al-Hajib al-Mansur becomes de facto ruler of Cordóba. 1009: After a rebellion prime minister Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo and caliph Hisham II is deposed. A period of civil war starts. 1009/1031s: The Caliphate of Cordoba falls apart in various taifas. Important taifas are Almeria, Badajoz, Cordoba, Granada, Lisbon, Murcia, Malaga, Majorca, Seville, Silves, Toledo, Valencia and Zaragoza. Taifa of Almeria 1012: Wadhah al Ahmerig becomes ruler of Almeria. Taifa of Granada 1013: Zawi ben Ziri becomes the first emir of Granada. Taifa of Murcia 1011: Murcia becomes independent. Taifa of Badajoz 1009: Badajoz becomes a taifa, led by Sabur al-Saqlabi. Most of its area is in present-day Badajoz. Taifa of Malaga 1026: Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali becomes king of Malaga. Taifa of Seville 1023: Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad secedes from Cordoba and becomes king of Seville. 1022: Sabur is succeeded by Abdallah ibn Al-Aftas. The sons of Sabur create the taifa of Lisbon. Taifa of Cordoba 1031: Abū 'l Ḥazm Jahwar bin Muḥammad becomes ruler of Cordoba. 1034: Lisbon is reconquered by Badajoz. Taifa of Valencia 1038: Almeria falls to Valencia. Taifa of Almeria 1041: Abul Awac Maan becomes emir of Almeria. 1057: Malaga falls to Granada. 1050s: Seville conquers other taifa's, e.g. Algeciras Silves (1063) and other taifas in the Algarve. 1055: Badajoz becomes a tributary of León Taifa of Malaga 1071: Tamim becomes king of Malaga. 1070: Seville conquers Cordoba 1078: Seville conquers Murcia. Moroccan Empire 1090/1091: The remaining Taifas are conquered and united by the Moroccan Almoravids, led by sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin. 1092: Dénia falls to the Moroccans. 1100/1102: Zaragoza (1100) and Valencia (1102) are conquered by the Moroccans. 1118: Aragon conquers Zaragoza. Majorca falls to the Almoravids. Taifa of Badajoz 1141: The Almoravid rule erades. Badajoz is restored Moroccan Caliphate 1145/1147: The Almoravid rule falls apart in various taifas and is replaced by the Almohad Caliphate of Morocco. Abd al-Mu'min of the Almohads becomes caliph of Morocco, conquering most of the taifas. Valencia becomes independent. 1147-1149: Barcelona, Castile, León and Portugal, supported by France, Genoa and Pisa, takes part in the Second Crusade in which parts of Iberia are conquered. Majorca becomes independent. Badajoz is conquered by the Caliphate. Taifa of Murcia 1147: Murcia becomes independent. Valencia falls to Murcia. 1172: Murcia with Valencia falls to the Almohads. 1203: Majorca falls to the Almohads. 1212: Caliph an-Nāṣir li-dīn Allah Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr is defeated by Castile, Portugal and Aragon, starting the collapse of the Almohads in Sain. The caliphate starts collapsing and gets divided in several small taifas. 1229: Valencia regains independence and Aragon conquers the Balearic Islands. Taifa of Malaga 1229: Ibn Zanun becomes emir of Malaga. Taifa of Murcia 1228: Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad al-Mutawakkil becomes emir of Murcia. Crown of Castile 1230: King Fernando III of Castille conquers Badajoz. Emirate of Granada 1238: After the final defeat of the Almohad Caliphate in Spain, Muḥammad ibn al-’Aḥmar becomes the first emir of Granada as a vassal of Castile, conquering Malaga. 1236: Castile conquers Cordoba. 1244: Castile conquers Arjona 1248: Castile conquers Seville. 1262: Castile conquers Niebla. 1265: Castile conquers Lorca. 1266: Castile conquers Murcia. 1462: Castile conquers Gibraltar, part of Granada. 1491: The Treaty of Granada between sultan Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad of Granada and queen Isabel of Castile relinquishes the sovereignty of Granada to Castile. 1492: The annexation of Granada as the constituent Kingdom of Granada to Castille is a fact.

Timeline of Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Spain Andalusia - Aragon - Balearic Islands - Catalonia - Extremadura - Murcia - Valencia - Other regions in main section

Visigothic Kingdom Since 418: The eastern part of Hispania is ruled by the Visigothic Kingdom. Arab Caliphate 711/716: The Visigothic Kingdom with as last king Roderic is destroyed by the Umayyad Arab Caliphate under Tariq ibn Ziyad that conquers most of the Iberian peninsula, including present-day Southern, Central and Eastern Spain, as well as Portugal. 750: The Ummayads are overthrown by the Abbasids, but keep ruling Hispania. Emirate of Córdoba 756: The Ummayad Abd al-Rahman I becomes the first emir of Córdoba. Kingdom of the Franks 795: In the north-east the Ummayads are defeated by the Franks, that establishes the Marca Hispanica, a set of Frankish counties. County of Aragon ca. 802: Aureolus becomes the first count of Aragon inside Francia. ca. 825: Count García Galíndez of Aragon becomes vassal of Pamplona. County of Barcelona 801: After the Frankish conquest of Barcelona,Bèra becomes count of Barcelona as Frankish fief. 820: After count Bèra is deposed, Rampò becomes count. 832: Roussilon becomes under count Berenguer part of Barcelona. 878: Count Guifré establishes a hereditaty countship for the House of Sunifred. 896: Roussillon becomes a separate county. Caliphate of Córdoba 929: Córdoba becomes a caliphate. Kingdom of Pamplona ca. 925: After the death of count Galindo Aznárez II of Aragon king Garcia Sánchez of Pamplona becomes count of Aragon, marking the end of Aragon. Taifa of Valencia 1010: Valencia becomes an independent Taifa, ruled by Mubarrak and Muzaffar Taifa of Dénia 1010: Mujahid al-Muwaffaq creates the Taifa of Dénia. 1015: After an invasion of Sardinia, Pisa and Genoa repulse the Dénian invaders. 1018: Majorca comes under the rule of Dénia. Taifa of Zaragoza 1018: Emir Al-Mundhir ibn Yahya al-Tujibi secedes Zaragoza from Córdoba. 1038-1041: Almeria is part of Valencia. Kingdom of Aragon 1035: Navarre is partitioned. Ramiro I becomes king of Aragon. Antso VI becomes king of Navarre. Taifa of Toledo 1065: Valencia falls to Toledo. Taifa of Valencia 1075: Abu Bakr ibn Abd al-Aziz makes Valencia independent. 1076: King Sancho Ramírez of Aragon becomes king of Navarre. Part of Navarre is annexed to Castile. 1076: Dénia falls to Valencia, Majorca remains separate. 1081: Valencia loses Dénia to Tortosa Kingdom of Castile 1099: Valencia is conquered by Castile. Moroccan Empire 1092: Dénia falls to Morocco. 1100/1102: Zaragoza (1100) and Valencia (1102) are conquered by the Moroccan Almoravids. 1100: Aragon conquers Molina. 1112: Ramon Berenguer III becomes by marriage count of Provence and Toulouse. 1118: Aragon conquers Zaragoza. 1130: Aragon conquers Rueda. 1131: He is succeeded in Barcelona and Provence by Ramon Berenguer IV, separated from Toulouse . Kingdom of Aragon 1134: The personal union between Navarre and Aragon ends. Ramiro II becomes king of Aragon. Taifa of Valencia 1145: The Almoravid rule falls apart, Valencia becomes independent with Abu 'Abd al-Malik Marwan. 1147-1149: Barcelona takes part in the Second Crusade in which parts of Iberia are conquered. Taifa of Murcia 1147: Valencia falls to Murcia. 1150: Queen Petronilla of Aragon marries count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona, who becomes king of Aragon by marriage. 1150: He marries queen Petronilla of Aragon, which makes him king of Aragon by marriage. Moroccan Caliphate 1172: Valencia falls to the Almohads. Crown of Aragon 1164: Their son, Alfons II becomes count of Barcelona and king of Aragon, jointly ruled as Aragon. 1167: After the defeat of the Taifa of Albarracín, Pedro Ruiz de Azagra becomes lord of the Lordship of Albarracín. 1172: Roussillon falls to king Alfons II]] of Aragon. 1179: In the Treaty of Cazorla Alfons II and king Alfonso VIII of Castile define the zones of conquest in Andalusia. 1209: Aragon supports the Cathars against the Albigensian Crusade started by Papal States and France. 1229: The Cathars are defeated. Taifa of Valencia 1229: Valencia regains independence with Zayyan. 1229: Aragon conquers the Majorca. 1231: King Jaume I of Aragon becomes king of Mallorca. 1239: King Jaume I of Aragon conquers the Taifa of Valencia and becomes king of Valencia within the Crown of Aragon. 1276: Majorca and Rousillon becomes under king Jaume II part of independent Majorca. 1282: King Pere III of Aragon becomes king of Sicily. From that moment on Sicily is in a personal and/or dynastic union with Aragon. Naples is separated from Sicily. 1283: King Pere II establises a parliament for Catalonia, that bans the royal power to create legislation unilaterally. 1284: Albarracín is conquered by Aragon. 1284-1285: Aragon defeats the Aragonese Crusade by France, Naples, Majorca and Genoa. 1286: King Alfons III of Aragon conquers Majorca and becomes king of Majorca. 1287: Aragon conquers Menorca. 1286: Alfons III is succeeded by Jaume II of Aragon. 1295: With the Treaty of Anagni Majorca is returned to king Jaume II of Majorca. 1297: King Jaume II of Aragon and Sicily becomes king of Sardinia. 1305: With the Treaty of Elche king Frernando IV of Castile agrees with Jaume II of Aragon about the borders between the kingdoms in Murcia. 1318: King Jaume II becomes also duke of Athens. 1325/1326: Pisa loses its part of Corsica and Sardinia to Aragon. 1344: King Pere IV of Aragon annexes Majorca with Roussillon as a kingdom in the Crown of Aragon. 1356: King Pere IV of Aragon and king Pedro of Castile commence the War of the Two Peters. 1375: The war between Aragon and Castile ends with the peace of Almazán, leaving no clear victor. 1388: The personal union with Athens ends. 1396: Aragon occupies Andorra. The occupation ends the same year. 1409: King Martí of Aragon becomes also king of Sicily. c. 1410: Aragonese Sardinia defeats judge Guillem II de Narbona of Arborea and conquers the whole island of Sardinia. 1442: King Alfonso V of Aragon and Sicily conquers Naples and becomes also king in Naples. 1444: Stjepan Vukčić of Saint Sava becomes a vassal of Aragon. 1458: The personal union with Naples ends and is replaced by a dynastic union. 1462: A peasants' rebellion against the Council of the Principality. The council declares king/princeJoan II deposed and a Catalonian Civil War commences. 1463: Roussilon is occupied by king Louis XI of France. 1472: The Catalanists are defeated. 1474: Crown prince Fernando II of Aragon becomes by marriage with Isabel I jure uxoris king of Castile as Fernando V. 1475: Prince-heir Ferrando intervenes in the War of the Castilian Succession in favor of his wife Isabel. Portugal and France intervene in favour of the other pretendent Juana. 1479: The War of the Castilian Succession ends with the Treaty of Alcáçovas, confirming Isabel as queen of Castile. Fernando becomes also king of Aragon, creating a personal union with Castile. 1490s: Castile and Aragon start colonizing the coast of the Americas, Africa and Asia. 1493: With the Treaty of Barcelona king Charles VII returns Roussillon and Cerdagne to king Ferran II of Aragon in return for neutrality during its war with Italy. 1495-1498: Aragon joins the League of Venice against the French invasion of user:electionworld/sandbox/Italy#1495#Italy. 1501: Louis XII of France becomes after a French-Aragonese invasion king of user:electionworld/sandbox/Italy#NAP1501#Naples. Soonafter war breaks out between France and Aragon. 1504: King Louis XII of France is as king of Naples defeated at Cerignola in 1503 by king Fernando II and cedes in the Treaty of Lyon Naples to Ferran II of Aragon and Sicily. The Terra Sancti Benedicti are annexed to Naples. 1508: Aragon joins the League of Cambrai founded by Pope Iulius II to curb Venetian influence in northern Italy. 1511: The papal-Venetian alliance against France is joined in the Holy League by Aragon, the Holy Roman Empire, the Swiss Confederacy and England. 1512: The southern part and historical core of Navarre is invaded by Castile and Aragon. Aragon occupies Andorra until 1513. 1513: After a dispute between pope Iulius II and Venice, Venice and France sign a treaty pledging to divide all of northern Italy between France and Venice. Kingdom of Spain 1516: After the death of Fernando, the son of Philipp and Juana, Karl V, duke of Burgundy, becomes as Carlos I king of Castile and Aragon, together also named Spain. The Crowns of Castile and Aragon remain constituent crowns of Spain until 1716. Carlos is at the same time king of Sicily, Naples and Sardinia. Catalan Republic 1641: Pau Claris i Casademunt proclaims the Catalan Republic. The Catalans defeat at Montjuïc. 1641: The Catalan Republic secedes. Principality of Catalonia France 1641: The local clergy and aristocracy half-heartedly accepts king Louis XIII of France as prince Lluís of Catalonia. 1652: Spain captures Barcelona and overthrow Lluís. His government withdraws to Perpignan. Catalonia is reincorporated into Spain (Aragon). French Empire 1812: Catalonia is annexed to France. 1813: Spanish rule in Catalonia is restored..

Timeline of the Balearic Islands Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Spain Andalusia - Aragon - Balearic Islands - Catalonia - Extremadura - Murcia - Valencia - Other regions in main section

Visigothic Kingdom Since 418: The Balearic Islands are ruled by the Visigothic Kingdom. Kingdom of the Vandals and the Alanes 427: The Vandals conquer the Balearic Islands. Roman Empire 534: The islands are conquered by the Romans. Emirate of Córdoba 902: The islands are conquered by the Emirate of Córdoba. Caliphate of Córdoba 929: Córdoba becomes a caliphate. Taifa of Majorca Dénia 1018: Majorca comes under the rule of Mujahid al-Muwaffaq of Dénia. 1076: Dénia falls to Valencia, Majorca remains separate. Ibn Aglab al-Murtada becomes emir. Moroccan Empire 1118: Majorca falls to the Almoravids. Taifa of Majorca 1147: Majorca becomes independent with emir Muhammad. Moroccan Caliphate 1203: Majorca falls to the Moroccan Almohads]. Crown of Aragon 1229: Aragon conquers the Balearic Islands. 1231: King Jaume I of Aragon becomes king of Mallorca. Taifa of Minorca 1234: Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi makes Minorca an islamic state tributary to Aragon. Kingdom of Majorca 1276: After the death of Jaume I, Jaume II becomes king of Majorca and refuses to pay tribute to Aragon. Majorca includes the County of Rousillon. 1284-1285: Mallorca takes part in the Aragonese Crusade against Aragon, defeated by Aragon. 1286: King Alfons III of Aragon conquers Majorca and becomes king of Majorca. This is disputed by Jaume II. 1286: Alfons III is succeeded by Jaume II of Aragon. Crown of Aragon 1287: Aragon conquers Menorca. 1295: With the Treaty of Anagni Majorca is returned to king Jaume II of Majorca. Crown of Aragon 1344: King Pere IV of Aragon annexes Mallorca with Roussillon as a kingdom in the Crown of Aragon. Kingdom of Spain 1516: Duke Karl V of Burgundy becomes as Carlos I king of Aragon and Castile, together also named Spain. Minorca → Great Britain 1708: Minorca becomes a British possession. 1713: With the Treaty of Utrecht Spain cedes Gibraltar and Minorca to Great Britain. 1727: Spain and Great Britain commence the Anglo-Spanish War over Gibraltar and possessions in South America. 1729: With the Treaty of Seville (1729) Great Britain maintains control over Port Mahon at Minorca. Kingdom of France 1756: Minorca is conquered by France. Minorca → Great Britain 1763: British rule is restored. 1782: Minorca returns to Spain. Minorca → Great Britain 1798: British rule is restored after an invasion. 1802: The United Kingdom cedes Minorca to Spain.